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Yang XY, Li XZ, Zhang SN. Urinary metabolomic signatures in reticular oral lichen planus. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04041. [PMID: 32490246 PMCID: PMC7256305 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Among all the clinical forms in OLP, reticular type has the highest incidence rate. Previous studies have applied metabolomics to investigate the metabolic changes of oral mucosa and blood samples from reticular OLP patients. Urinary metabolomic signatures is also useful in analyzing the pathological changes of the patients, which was a complement to the previous studies. Through these researches, we may have a more comprehensive understanding of the disease. Metabolic profiles of urinary samples from OLP patients and control subjects were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) system. Differentially expressed metabolites were identified via OSI/SMMS software for the pathology analysis. Totally, 30 differentially expressed metabolites were identified. Pathological network showed that these metabolites participated in 8 pathological processes, that is, DNA damage and repair disorder, apoptosis process, inflammatory lesion, oxidative stress injury, carbohydrate metabolism disorder, mood dysfunction, abnormal energy expenditure, and other pathological process. These findings demonstrated that the analysis of human urine metabolome might be conducive to the achievement of the objectives of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-yan Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xu-zhao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian new area 550025, PR China
| | - Shuai-nan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian new area 550025, PR China
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Mushtaq S, Dogra D, Dogra N, Shapiro J, Fatema K, Faizi N, Gupta G. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Assessment in Patients with Lichen Planus: A Tertiary Care Hospital-based Study from Northern India. Indian Dermatol Online J 2020; 11:158-166. [PMID: 32477972 PMCID: PMC7247656 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_228_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between lichen planus (LP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors has been demonstrated in previous reports. However, the evidence of CVD risk factors in Indian patients with LP is limited. Objective: To compare CVD risk factors in LP patients and healthy controls. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 122 subjects, 61 LP patients, and 61 controls who visited the outpatient clinic of the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital. Patients with skin diseases known to be associated with CV risk, pregnant, and lactating women were excluded from the study. CVD risk factors were compared between LP cases and controls using anthropometric measures, hemodynamic and metabolic parameters, and inflammatory marker (ESR). Results: The proportion of metabolic syndrome (MS) was significantly higher in LP patients than the controls (29.5% vs. 9.8%, odds ratio [OR] 3.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–10.50; P = 0.006). The proportion of dyslipidemia was also significantly higher in LP patients (70.5% vs. 42.6%; P = 0.002). LP patients had a high proportion of obesity (P = 0.004), hypertension (P = 0.004), impaired fasting glucose (P = 0.025), and raised ESR (P = 0.006) as compared to controls. A multivariate regression model demonstrated that dyslipidemia and obesity were significantly associated with LP even after controlling for confounders such as age, gender, sedentarism, dietary habits, alcohol, and impaired fasting glucose. There was no significant association between the extent of LP and the proportion of MS or dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The present study found a significant association of LP with individual CVD risk factors as well as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabha Mushtaq
- Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Devraj Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Naina Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | - Kaniz Fatema
- Centre for Health Equity Training, Research and Evaluation (CHETRE), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nafis Faizi
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gunjan Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Li XZ, Zhang SN, Yang XY. Serum-based metabolomics characterization of patients with reticular oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 99:183-189. [PMID: 30731368 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal lesion and systemic disease. In OLP, reticular type is the most common presentation of the disease. However, little is known about it. The aim of this study was to analyze the pathogenesis of reticular OLP and its possible associations with the pathological changes in other organ systems through serum-based metabolomics. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 16 reticular OLP patients and 24 control subjects. Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) system was used to identify differentially expressed metabolites. The pathways analysis was performed by MetaboAnalyst. Pathological network was constructed by Cytoscape software. RESULTS Totally, 31 modulated metabolites were identified, whose dysregulations affected 25 metabolic pathways and 7 pathological processes in the disease. Through an impact-value screen (impact-value>0.1), 6 pathways were selected as the significantly dysregulated pathways. Pathological network showed that these metabolites participated in 7 pathological processes, that is, apoptosis process, DNA damage and repair disorder, oxidative stress injury, carbohydrate metabolism disorder, mood dysfunction, inflammatory lesion, and other pathological process. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that reticular OLP could cause the dysregulations of the metabolites in serum, which might be also further linked to other organ and systemic diseases through the blood system, such as diabetes, sleep disorders, and depression, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zhao Li
- Pharmacy School, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Shuai-Nan Zhang
- Pharmacy School, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Xu-Yan Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Cassol-Spanemberg J, Rodríguez-de Rivera-Campillo ME, Otero-Rey EM, Estrugo-Devesa A, Jané-Salas E, López-López J. Oral lichen planus and its relationship with systemic diseases. A review of evidence. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e938-e944. [PMID: 30386529 PMCID: PMC6203921 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common dermatological diseases which are present in the oral cavity. It is a chronic autoimmune, mucocutaneous disease that affects the oral mucosa as well as the skin, genital mucosa and other sites. OBJECTIVE Review the relevant information to OLP and its relationship with systemic diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Searches were carried out in the Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, Bireme, BVS, and SciELO databases by using key-words. After an initial search that provided us with 243 papers, this number was reduced to 78 from the last seven years. One of the first criteria adopted was a selective reading of the abstracts of articles for the elimination of publications that presented less information regarding the subject proposed for this work. All the selected articles were read in their entirety by all of the authors, who came to a consensus about their level of evidence. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria were used as the criteria of methodological validation. RESULTS Only 9 articles showed an evidence level of 1+, 2+, 3 or 4, as well as a recommendation level of A, B, C or D. Three of them were non-systematic reviews, one was a cohort study and only one was a controlled clinical trial. Three of the studies were case series, with respective sample sizes of 45, 171 and 633 patients. CONCLUSIONS Several factors have been associated with OLP. Patients with OLP are carriers of a disease with systemic implications and may need the care of a multidisciplinary team. The correct diagnosis of any pathology is critical to making effective treatment and minimizes iatrogenic harm. For OLP is no different, taking into account its association with numerous systemic diseases that require special attention from health professionals. Periodic follow-up of all patients with OLP is recommended. Key words:Oral lichen planus, etiopathogenesis, systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cassol-Spanemberg
- PhD. Postdoctoral Research Fellow. Specialist in Stomatology and Public Health. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (School of Dentistry), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-Eugenia Rodríguez-de Rivera-Campillo
- MD, DDS, PhD, Dermatologist and Dentist. Professor of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (School of Dentistry), University of Barcelona / Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva-María Otero-Rey
- DDS, PhD, Odontology. Professor of Master of Daily Practice Dentistry. Department of Stomatology. School of Dentistry. University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Albert Estrugo-Devesa
- MD, DDS, PhD. Doctor, Specialist in Stomatology. Professor of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (School of Dentistry), University of Barcelona / Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Jané-Salas
- MD, DDS, PhD. Doctor, Specialist in Stomatology. Professor of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (School of Dentistry), University of Barcelona / Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - José López-López
- MD, DDS, PhD. Doctor, Specialist in Stomatology. Professor of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (School of Dentistry), University of Barcelona - Head of the Medical Surgical Area and Medical Director of Dentistry Hospital Barcelona University / Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Yang XY, Zhang SN, Li XZ, Wang Y, Yin XD. Analysis of human serum metabolome for potential biomarkers identification of erosive oral lichen planus. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 468:46-50. [PMID: 28215546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic auto-inflammatory mucositis and potentially oral premalignant lesion. Erosive OLP patients display the higher canceration rate as compared to the patients with non-erosive OLP. Identification of the potential biomarkers associated with erosive OLP may help to investigate the disease pathogenesis and to improve clinical treatment. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) combined with pattern recognition approaches were integrated to acquire differentially expressed metabolites for the pathways analysis and elucidate mechanisms of disease. RESULTS Totally, 10 modulated metabolites were characterized as the potential biomarkers of erosive OLP, whose dysregulations could affect multiple metabolic pathways and pathological processes in the disease. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that the analysis of human serum metabolome might be conducive to the achievement of the objectives of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yan Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shuai-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Xu-Zhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yin
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 151000, PR China
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6
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Kun J. Next step: functional studies on hypertension, lichen planus, and TRPA1 connections. Oral Dis 2017; 23:811-812. [PMID: 28130802 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Kun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE NAP-B Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary.,Molecular Pharmacology Group, University of Pecs, Janos Szentagothai Research Center, Pecs, Hungary
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Kar BR, Panda M, Patro N. Metabolic Derangements in Lichen Planus - A Case Control Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 10:WC01-WC03. [PMID: 28050485 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/21993.8818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome has been established in previous studies. Lichen Planus (LP) is also a chronic inflammatory disease morphologically related to psoriasis and few studies have shown association of metabolic derangements in LP. AIM To study the association of metabolic derangements in LP. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective case control study was undertaken for a period of one year. Age and sex matched patients of LP and other non-inflammatory diseases were taken as cases and controls respectively. Data on height, weight, lipid profile and fasting blood glucose levels were collected for all the patients. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. RESULTS A total of 80 patients were recruited, 40 cases and 40 controls. The mean values for all the lipid and glucose parameters were high in cases as compared to controls with significant p-values. CONCLUSION In the present study metabolic derangements were seen in patients with LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Ranjan Kar
- Professor, Department of Skin and VD, IMS and SUM Hospital , Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Maitreyee Panda
- Assistant Professor, Department of Skin and VD, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nibedita Patro
- Assistant Professor, Department of Skin and VD, IMS and SUM Hospital , Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Kun J, Perkecz A, Knie L, Sétáló G, Tornóczki T, Pintér E, Bán Á. TRPA1 receptor is upregulated in human oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 2016; 23:189-198. [PMID: 27718297 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology with antigen-specific and non-specific mechanisms. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a non-selective cation channel activated by noxious stimuli such as oxidative stress products evoking pain and release of proinflammatory mediators from sensory nerve endings culminating in neurogenic inflammation. Extraneuronal TRPA1s, for example, on immune cells possess yet unknown functions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied the buccal mRNA expression (qPCR) and protein localization (immunohistochemistry) of TRPA1 receptors and key OLP mediator transcripts in oral mucosa samples of healthy volunteers (n = 9), OLP patients (n = 43), and OLP-like hyperkeratotic patients (n = 12). RESULTS We measured 27.7- and 25.5-fold TRPA1 mRNA increase in OLP and OLP-like hyperkeratotic patients compared to healthy controls. TRPA1 transcripts elevated 2.4-fold in hypertensive OLP but not in hyperkeratotic patients compared to counterparts, reduced by 1.6-fold by angiotensin-convertase inhibitor intake. TRPA1 messenger RNA was more coexpressed with transcripts of tumor necrosis factor α than with interferon γ. Keratinocytes, macrophages but not T cells expressed TRPA1. CONCLUSIONS We provided evidence for the extraneuronal presence and upregulation of the proinflammatory TRPA1 receptor in buccal samples of patients with OLP. This may implicate the ion channel in the pathomechanism of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Molecular Pharmacology Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - A Perkecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - L Knie
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - G Sétáló
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - T Tornóczki
- Oral Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary
| | - E Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Molecular Pharmacology Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Á Bán
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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Urine metabolic profiling for the pathogenesis research of erosive oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:206-213. [PMID: 27771589 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic immune-pathological and inflammatory disease and potentially oral precancerous lesion. Erosive OLP patients show the higher rate of malignant transformation than patients with non-erosive OLP. Identifying the potential biomarkers related to erosive OLP may help to understand the pathogenesis of the diseases. METHODS Metabolic profiles were compared in control and patient subjects with erosive OLP by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) coupled with pattern recognition methods An integrative analysis was used to identify the perturbed metabolic pathways and pathological processes that may be associated with the disease. RESULTS In total, 12 modulated metabolites were identified and considered as the potential biomarkers of erosive OLP. Multiple metabolic pathways and pathological processes were involved in erosive OLP. CONCLUSION The dysregulations of these metabolites could be used to explain the pathogenesis of the disease, which could also be the potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Godoy-Gijón E, Meseguer-Yebra C, Palacio-Aller L, Godoy-Rocati DV, Lahoz-Rallo C. [New populations at increased cardiovascular risk: Cardiovascular disease in dermatological diseases]. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2016; 28:143-153. [PMID: 26383179 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increased cardiovascular risk in some dermatological diseases has been demonstrated in recent decades. Diseases such as psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus are currently included in the guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Other diseases such as androgenic alopecia, polycystic ovary syndrome, hidradenitis suppurativa or lichen planus have numerous studies that point to an increased risk, however, they have not been included in these guidelines. In this article we review the evidence supporting this association, in order to alert the clinician to the need for greater control in cardiovascular risk factors in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Godoy-Gijón
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España.
| | - Carmen Meseguer-Yebra
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, Zamora, España
| | | | | | - Carlos Lahoz-Rallo
- Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Vascular, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, España
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Panchal FH, Ray S, Munshi RP, Bhalerao SS, Nayak CS. Alterations in Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Status in Lichen Planus. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:439-44. [PMID: 26538688 PMCID: PMC4601408 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.159624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lichen planus (LP), a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disorder, wherein inflammation produces lipid metabolism disturbances, is linked to increase in cardiovascular (CV) risk with dyslipidemia. Increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides have also been implicated in its pathogenesis. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the status on lipid disturbances, oxidative stress, and inflammation in LP patients. Materials and Methods: The study was initiated after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee permission and written informed consent from participants. The study included 125 patients (74 LP patients and 51 age and sex-matched controls) visiting the outpatient clinic in the dermatology department of our hospital. Variables analyzed included lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) activity. Results: Analysis of lipid parameters revealed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) along with decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in LP patients as compared to their respective controls. LP patients also presented with a significantly higher atherogenic index that is, (TC/HDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios than the controls. A significant increase in CRP levels was observed among the LP patients. There was a statistically significant increase in the serum levels of the lipid peroxidation product, MDA and a statistically significant decrease in CAT activity in LP patients as compared to their respective controls. A statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.96) was observed between serum MDA levels and duration of LP whereas a significantly negative correlation (r = −0.76) was seen between CAT activity and LP duration. Conclusion: Chronic inflammation in patients with LP may explain the association with dyslipidemia and CV risk. Our findings also suggest that an increase in oxidative stress and imbalance in the antioxidant defense mechanisms in LP may play a role in the pathogenesis of LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni H Panchal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Somshukla Ray
- Department of Dermatology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renuka P Munshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya S Bhalerao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chitra S Nayak
- Department of Dermatology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Munde AD, Karle RR, Wankhede PK, Shaikh SS, Kulkurni M. Demographic and clinical profile of oral lichen planus: A retrospective study. Contemp Clin Dent 2013; 4:181-5. [PMID: 24015006 PMCID: PMC3757879 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.114873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder that frequently involves the oral mucosa. The clinical presentation of OLP ranges from mild painless white keratotic lesions to painful erosions and ulcerations. An important complication of OLP is the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which led the World Health Organization (WHO) to classify OLP as a potentially malignant disorder. The demographic and clinical characteristics of OLP have been well-described in several relatively large series from developed countries, whereas such series from developing countries are rare. Objective: The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 128 OLP patients in rural population of India. Materials and Methods: In this study, the diagnostic criteria proposed by van der Meij et al. in 2003 based on the WHO definition of OLP were used to identify cases. Results: In 128 patients, M:F ratio was 1.61:1. The buccal mucosa was the most common site (88.20%). White lichen was seen in 83.59% and red lichen in 16.40% cases. Reticular type of OLP was the most common form (83.5%) followed by erosive (15.6%) and atrophic OLP (0.78%). The incidence of systemic diseases included hypertension (11%), diabetes mellitus (2.4%), and hypothyroidism (0.78%). Histopathologically epithelial dysplasia was present in 4 cases. Conclusion: Most of the characteristics are consistent with previous studies with differences in few. Lichen planus is a chronic disease where treatment is directed to control of symptoms. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for symptomatic flare ups and possible malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita D Munde
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Science, Loni, Maharashtra, India
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Shen ZY, Liu W, Zhu LK, Feng JQ, Tang GY, Zhou ZT. A retrospective clinicopathological study on oral lichen planus and malignant transformation: analysis of 518 cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e943-7. [PMID: 22549677 PMCID: PMC3505714 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a relatively large cohort of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) from eastern China.
Study design: A total of 518 patients with histologically confirmed OLP in a long-term follow-up period (6 months-21.5 years) were retrospectively reviewed in our clinic.
Results: Of the 518 patients, 353 females and 165 males were identified. The average age at diagnosis was 46.3 years (range 9-81 years) with the buccal mucosa being the most common site (87.8%). At initial presentation, white lichen and red lichen was seen in 52.3% and 47.7% patients, respectively. Of these, 5 (0.96%) patients previously diagnosed clinically and histopathologically as OLP developed oral cancer. All of them were the females with no a history of smoking or alcohol use.
Conclusions: Clinical features of eastern Chinese OLP patients were elucidated. Notably, approximately 1% of OLP developed into cancer, which provides further evidence of potentially malignant nature of OLP.
Key words:Oral lichen planus, clinical features, malignant transformation, oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Arias-Santiago S, Buendía-Eisman A, Aneiros-Fernández J, Girón-Prieto MS, Gutiérrez-Salmerón MT, Mellado VG, Naranjo-Sintes R. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with lichen planus. Am J Med 2011; 124:543-8. [PMID: 21605731 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation was found to play an important role in the development of cardiovascular risk factors. Recently a case-control study found that lichen planus was associated with dyslipidemia in a large series of patients. However, no data were presented about lipid values, glucose levels, or blood pressure. OBJECTIVE The objective of this case-control study was to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors included in Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for metabolic syndrome in men and women with lichen planus and in healthy controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS This case-control study included 200 patients, 100 with lichen planus (50 men and 50 women) and 100 controls consecutively admitted to the outpatient clinic in Dermatology departments in Granada, Spain. RESULTS Analysis of metabolic syndrome parameters revealed a higher significant prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with lichen planus. No significant differences were observed in glucose levels, abdominal obesity, or blood pressure. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fibrinogen were noted in patients with lichen planus. Adjusted odds ratio for dyslipidemia in patients with lichen planus was 2.85 (95% confidence interval, 1.33-5.09; P=.001). CONCLUSION Chronic inflammation in patients with lichen planus may explain the association with dyslipidemia. Lipid levels screening in men or women with lichen planus may be useful to detect individuals at risk and start preventive treatment against the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, immune-mediated condition commonly affecting middle-aged women. The cause of OLP remains obscure. Strict clinical and histologic criteria need to be met to arrive at a definite diagnosis, thereby ruling out other conditions that may mimic OLP clinically and/or histologically. Although OLP is considered a premalignant condition, the risk for neoplastic change seems low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Parashar
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Colorado Denver School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Arias-Santiago S, Buendía-Eisman A, Aneiros-Fernández J, Girón-Prieto M, Gutiérrez-Salmerón M, García-Mellado V, Cutando A, Naranjo-Sintes R. Lipid levels in patients with lichen planus: a case-control study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25:1398-401. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.03983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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18
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Carbone M, Arduino PG, Carrozzo M, Gandolfo S, Argiolas MR, Bertolusso G, Conrotto D, Pentenero M, Broccoletti R. Course of oral lichen planus: a retrospective study of 808 northern Italian patients. Oral Dis 2009; 15:235-43. [PMID: 19222766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To undertake a retrospective inspection of the general features, clinical presentation and outcome of 808 Italian patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), followed up from 6 months to 17 years. RESULTS The mean age was 61 years for women (n = 493) and 58 years for men (n = 315). More than 20% of the total cases had liver abnormalities (n = 164) of which 83.5% infected with hepatitis C virus (n = 137). The reticular and plaque form were the predominant type, affecting almost 60% of patients. 12.3% of patients had also extraoral manifestation, taking into account the skin (n = 63) and genital (n = 24). Symptoms were present in 40% of the total patients. Only less than 2.47% of patients underwent remission, whereas 78% still had oral lesions at the end of the follow-up period. Treatment was directed towards almost 42% of the patients, mainly using topical corticosteroids. Oral squamous cell carcinoma developed in 15 patients, commonly arising on the lateral border of the tongue. CONCLUSION This is one of the largest groups of OLP patients with such long a follow-up ever reported. We confirm the chronic nature of this disorder, rarely remissive and the treatment intend for alleviating symptoms. OLP is established to be a disease with small frequency of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carbone
- Department of Biological Sciences and Human Oncology, Oral Medicine Section, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Xue JL, Fan MW, Wang SZ, Chen XM, Li Y, Wang L. A clinical study of 674 patients with oral lichen planus in China. J Oral Pathol Med 2005; 34:467-72. [PMID: 16091113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2005.00341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with different clinical presentations that can be classified as reticular, atrophic or erosive. Although OLP is a relatively common disorder, the reports comprising large numbers of OLP patients with specific character are lacking in the literature. The purpose of this paper was to describe the clinical characteristics of OLP in 674 Chinese patients. METHODS A total of 674 charts of patients with histologically confirmed OLP were collected from Stomatological Hospital of Wuhan University between 1963 and 2003. RESULTS Of the 674 patients, 65.9% were women and 34.1% were men. The most common clinical presentation was the reticular type (51.3%), and symptomatic OLP was noted in 67.5% of the patients, mainly in those with the erosive form. The erosive presentations showed significantly longer duration, more sites affected and a much greater old patients predominance than reticular or atrophic ones. About 90.9% of the patients had multiple oral sites of involvement and isolated lower lip lichen planus were observed in 60 cases (8.9%) and isolated gingiva lichen in only one case (0.2%). Skin involvement of lichen planus was found in 11.4% of patients. No statistically significant differences could be identified between OLP and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, smoking or alcohol use. Precipitating factors that resulted in an exacerbation of the disease were frequently noted and included foods, stress, dental cusp and poor oral hygiene. The transformation of OLP into malignancy was observed in four patients at sites previously diagnosed by clinical examination as erosive or atrophic lichen planus. CONCLUSIONS Patients with OLP in China usually present with distinctive clinical morphology and characteristic distribution and few may display lesions with a confusing array of forms mimicking other diseases. A long time follow up is of utmost importance to detect its malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ling Xue
- Key Lab for Oral Biochemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Stomatological College of Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 65, 430079 Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Scully C, Beyli M, Ferreiro MC, Ficarra G, Gill Y, Griffiths M, Holmstrup P, Mutlu S, Porter S, Wray D. Update on oral lichen planus: etiopathogenesis and management. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1998; 9:86-122. [PMID: 9488249 DOI: 10.1177/10454411980090010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is a relatively common disorder of the stratified squamous epithelia, which is, in many ways, an enigma. This paper is the consensus outcome of a workshop held in Switzerland in 1995, involving a selection of clinicians and scientists with an interest in the condition and its management. The oral (OLP) eruptions usually have a distinct clinical morphology and characteristic distribution, but OLP may also present a confusing array of patterns and forms, and other disorders may clinically simulate OLP. Lesions may affect other mucosae and/or skin. Lichen planus is probably of multifactorial origin, sometimes induced by drugs or dental materials, often idiopathic, and with an immunopathogenesis involving T-cells in particular. The etiopathogenesis appears to be complex, with interactions between and among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, but much has now been clarified about the mechanisms involved, and interesting new associations, such as with liver disease, have emerged. The management of lichen planus is still not totally satisfactory, and there is as yet no definitive treatment, but there have been advances in the control of the condition. There is no curative treatment available; immunomodulation, however, can control the condition. Based on the observed increased risk of malignant development, OLP patients should be offered regular follow-up examination from two to four times annually and asked to report any changes in their lesions and/or symptoms. Follow-up may be particularly important in patients with atrophic/ulcerative/erosive affections of the tongue, the gingiva, or the buccal mucosa. Much more research is required into the genetic and environmental aspects of lichen planus, into the premalignant potential, and into the possible associations with chronic liver, and other disorders. More clinical studies are required into the possible efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs such as pentoxifylline and thalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scully
- Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University of London, United Kingdom
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Petrou-Amerikanou C, Markopoulos AK, Belazi M, Karamitsos D, Papanayotou P. Prevalence of oral lichen planus in diabetes mellitus according to the type of diabetes. Oral Dis 1998; 4:37-40. [PMID: 9655043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1998.tb00253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of oral lichen planus (OLP) in a population of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) as compared with a control population. DESIGN A clinicopathologic study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty-nine patients with type I DM, 353 patients with type II DM and 274 controls were examined for clinical evidence of OLP. The clinical evidence of OLP in the diabetic and control patients was confirmed by histopathological examination. RESULTS The prevalence of OLP in type I diabetic patients was 5.76%, in type II 2.83%, and 1.82% in the controls. The prevalence of OLP was significantly higher in patients with type I DM and slightly higher in patients with type II DM in comparison to the prevalence in the control sample. CONCLUSIONS The above findings and the fact that type I diabetes and OLP are characterized by autoimmune phenomena and T cell immune responses respectively, suggest that the immune system may play a critical role in the appearance of OLP in patients with type I DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Petrou-Amerikanou
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Van Dis ML, Parks ET. Prevalence of oral lichen planus in patients with diabetes mellitus. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1995; 79:696-700. [PMID: 7621025 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(05)80302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lichen planus in a population of patients with diabetes mellitus compared with a control population and to determine if patient medications had any influence on the presence of such lesions. Two hundred seventy-three patients with diabetes and an identical number of age-, gender- and race-matched controls were examined for clinical evidence of oral lichen planus. Patient medication histories were also obtained from each group. Eleven diabetic patients (4%) and eight control patients (3%) had clinical evidence of oral lichen planus. Ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was associated with the presence of oral lichen planus lesions in six patients. There was no apparent association of diabetes and oral lichen planus in this population, and the ingestion of medications known to cause lichenoid mucosal reactions had no influence per se on the presence of oral lichen planus lesions (p > 0.05). However, the type of medication ingested by those patients who had oral lichen planus lesions was either nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which was a significant association (p < 0.00).
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Van Dis
- Department of Stomatology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
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23
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Borghelli RF, Pettinari IL, Chuchurru JA, Stirparo MA. Oral lichen planus in patients with diabetes. An epidemiologic study. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1993; 75:498-500. [PMID: 8464616 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(93)90178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of oral lichen planus was studied in 729 persons with diabetes and was found to be in 0.55% of cases. This result was compared with the results obtained from a group of controls without diabetes and from a sample of the general population of similar age and sex distribution. No statistical differences were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Borghelli
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Dentistry, Argentina
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shai
- Department of Dermatology, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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25
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Abstract
The protean manifestations of diabetes include various associated oral disorders such as sialosis, xerostomia, impairment of taste, and localized infections of which oral candidosis is the most commonly observed. The association of specific oral diseases and diabetes is of importance both in the detection of undiagnosed diabetes and in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of various oro-facial diseases. The clinical features and possible causes of oral disorders recognized to be associated with diabetes are reviewed with emphasis on good oral hygiene in the diabetic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Lamey
- University Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Glasgow Dental Hosptial, UK
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26
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Bagán-Sebastián JV, Milián-Masanet MA, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Jiménez Y. A clinical study of 205 patients with oral lichen planus. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992; 50:116-8. [PMID: 1732483 DOI: 10.1016/0278-2391(92)90354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and five patients with oral lichen planus were divided into two groups: those with only reticular lesions (group 1) and those with atrophic-erosive lesions with or without concomitant reticular lesions (group 2). A comparative study of the two groups showed that the most commonly affected oral location in both was the buccal mucosa. Lesions of the tongue, gingiva, lip, and palate predominated in group 2. Likewise, chronic liver disease and diabetes were more common in the second group, as was extension of the oral lesions (P less than .001).
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Bagán-Sebastián
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Valencia University, Spain
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Abstract
Lichen planus is a dermatosis of unknown origin with a very limited frequency in children. Over a period of one and a half years we observed 17 cases of childhood lichen planus. The classic form of the disease as seen in adults was the most common in these children; unlike adults, however, mucosal and nail involvement was uncommon. The natural history of the disease was similar to that in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Kanwar
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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28
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Abstract
Lichen planus, a papulosquamous disease, in its classical presentation is characterized by pruritic violaceous papules most commonly on the extremities of middle-aged adults. It may or may not be accompanied by oral and genital mucous membrane involvement. Its course is generally self-limited for a period of several months to years, but it may last indefinitely. There are many clinical variants described, ranging from lichenoid drug eruptions to association with other diseases such as diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disease, and the graft-versus-host reaction. The relationship of these, if any, to classical lichen planus is questionable. Multiple therapeutic options exist including corticosteroids, retinoids, griseofulvin, PUVA, and cyclosporine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Boyd
- Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430
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29
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Nigam PK, Singh G, Agrawal JK. Plasma insulin response to oral glycaemic stimulus in lichen planus. Br J Dermatol 1988; 119:128-9. [PMID: 3044435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb07115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Halevy S, Ingber A, Sandbank M. The role of abnormal glucose tolerance, human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing, and urolithiasis in lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 14:134-5. [PMID: 3950101 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(86)80391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Silverman S, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F. A prospective follow-up study of 570 patients with oral lichen planus: persistence, remission, and malignant association. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1985; 60:30-4. [PMID: 3862010 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(85)90210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Five hundred seventy patients with oral lichen planus were followed for periods ranging from 6 months to more than 10 years (mean, 5.6 years). The mean age was 52 years, and 67% of the patients were women. Erosive lichen planus was the most frequent clinical form, and the buccal mucosa was the most common site. Of the 75% patients treated with corticosteroids, 29% experienced complete remission and 63% had partial remission while maintained on medication. Fewer than 3% experienced spontaneous remission. Malignant transformation occurred in 7 patients (1.2%) in a mean time of 3.4 years after the onset of lichen planus. The onset of lichen planus could not be associated with any evident factors, such as family history, Candida albicans, glucose intolerance, and smoking.
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Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is a common oral disorder which may represent the manifestation of a mucosal reaction to a variety of aetiological factors. Of the many immunological changes described in LP several may be epiphenomena although a cell-mediated immune response to unidentified antigens or antigenic changes clearly is involved. Associations with drugs or systemic disorders are well-defined in some patients but may, in others, be aleatoric. Finally, the prognosis of oral LP not only differs from that of cutaneous LP but there is little doubt that in a few instances LP is a premalignant condition.
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Scully C, Potts AJ, Hamburger J, Wiesenfeld D, McKee JI, el Kom M. Lichen planus and liver disease: how strong is the association? JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY 1985; 14:224-6. [PMID: 3921677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1985.tb00485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and thirteen patients with histologically confirmed oral lichen planus, from three stomatology clinics, were examined for evidence of liver disease. No patient had clinical evidence of liver disease. Nine patients (7.9%) had a raised serum concentration of a single enzyme; 6 patients had raised gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, 2 had raised alkaline phosphatase, and 1 had raised aspartate transaminase levels. No patient had serum auto-antibodies suggestive of primary biliary cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis. Most patients presenting with oral lichen planus are unlikely to have liver disease.
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Lundström IM. Incidence of diabetes mellitus in patients with oral lichen planus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL SURGERY 1983; 12:147-52. [PMID: 6411636 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9785(83)80060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was studied in 40 patients with clinically and histologically verified oral lichen planus (OLP). The investigation comprised registration of previously known diabetes as well as analysis of fasting blood and urine glucose. The frequency of known diabetes was compared with the results of a sex- and age-matched control group consisting of 40 patients without any mucosal changes. Comparison was also made with the incidence of DM in general population samples. 6 of 40 OLP patients (15%) were known diabetics. Analyses of fB glucose, which in 2 cases were completed with glucose tolerance tests, revealed diabetes mellitus in a total of 11 patients (28%). According to the criteria given by WHO, 9 patients had manifest DM while 2 had DM of a latent type. The incidence of DM in the control group was 3%, which corresponds well with what has been reported for Scandinavian general populations of the same sex and age distribution. The high incidence of DM in the patients with OLP supports the hypothesis that DM may be related to the pathogenesis of OLP.
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Simon M, Hornstein OP. Prevalence rate of Candida in the oral cavity of patients with oral Lichen planus. Arch Dermatol Res 1980; 267:317-8. [PMID: 7406540 DOI: 10.1007/bf00403853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Halevy S, Zamir R, Gazit E, Feuerman EJ. HLA system in relation to carbohydrate metabolism in lichen planus. Br J Dermatol 1979; 100:683-6. [PMID: 465316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb08072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
HLA antigens were determined in a group of fifty-two patients with lichen planus. In the group as a whole the frequency of A28 was increased but not significantly so. When the patients were subdivided according to the results of an oral glucose tolerance test, however, a highly significant increase in the frequency of A28 was found among the non-diabetic patients.
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Abstract
The glucose tolerance of thirty-nine patients with eczema was studied by the intravenous glucose tolerance test. The glucose disappearance rate for the eczema group was 1.69 +/- 0.13 mg % per min and for that controls was 2.92 +/- 0.12, indicating impairment of glucose tolerance in eczema patients.
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