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Bors A, Kozma A, Tomán Á, Őrfi Z, Kondor N, Tasnády S, Vályi-Nagy I, Reményi P, Mikala G, Andrikovics H. IGH::NSD2 Fusion Gene Transcript as Measurable Residual Disease Marker in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:283. [PMID: 38254774 PMCID: PMC10813871 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. Approximately 15% of MM patients are affected by the t(4;14) translocation resulting in the IGH::NSD2 fusion transcript. Breakage occurs in three major breakpoint regions within the NSD2 gene (MB4-1, MB4-2, and MB4-3), where MB4-1 leads to the production of full-length protein, while truncated proteins are expressed in the other two cases. Measurable residual disease (MRD) has been conclusively established as a crucial prognostic factor in MM. The IGH::NSD2 fusion transcript can serve as a sensitive MRD marker. Using bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples from 111 patients, we developed a highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) system capable of detecting fusion mRNAs with a sensitivity of up to 1:100,000. PB samples exhibited sensitivity three orders of magnitude lower compared to BM samples. Patients with an MB4-2 breakpoint demonstrated significantly reduced overall survival (p = 0.003). Our novel method offers a simple and sensitive means for detecting MRD in a substantial proportion of MM patients. Monitoring may be carried out even from PB samples. The literature lacks consensus regarding survival outcomes among patients with different NSD2 breakpoints. Our data align with previous findings indicating that patients with the MB4-2 breakpoint type tend to exhibit unfavorable overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Bors
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (Á.T.); (Z.Ő.); (H.A.)
| | - András Kozma
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (Á.T.); (Z.Ő.); (H.A.)
| | - Ágnes Tomán
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (Á.T.); (Z.Ő.); (H.A.)
| | - Zoltán Őrfi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (Á.T.); (Z.Ő.); (H.A.)
| | - Nóra Kondor
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (Á.T.); (Z.Ő.); (H.A.)
| | - Szabolcs Tasnády
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (S.T.); (I.V.-N.); (P.R.); (G.M.)
| | - István Vályi-Nagy
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (S.T.); (I.V.-N.); (P.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Péter Reményi
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (S.T.); (I.V.-N.); (P.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Gábor Mikala
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (S.T.); (I.V.-N.); (P.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Hajnalka Andrikovics
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (Á.T.); (Z.Ő.); (H.A.)
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Ebert LM, Vandyke K, Johan MZ, DeNichilo M, Tan LY, Myo Min KK, Weimann BM, Ebert BW, Pitson SM, Zannettino ACW, Wallington-Beddoe CT, Bonder CS. Desmoglein-2 expression is an independent predictor of poor prognosis patients with multiple myeloma. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1221-1240. [PMID: 34245117 PMCID: PMC8936512 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy and is an incurable disease of neoplastic plasma cells (PC). Newly diagnosed MM patients currently undergo lengthy genetic testing to match chromosomal mutations with the most potent drug/s to decelerate disease progression. With only 17% of MM patients surviving 10‐years postdiagnosis, faster detection and earlier intervention would unequivocally improve outcomes. Here, we show that the cell surface protein desmoglein‐2 (DSG2) is overexpressed in ~ 20% of bone marrow biopsies from newly diagnosed MM patients. Importantly, DSG2 expression was strongly predictive of poor clinical outcome, with patients expressing DSG2 above the 70th percentile exhibiting an almost 3‐fold increased risk of death. As a prognostic factor, DSG2 is independent of genetic subtype as well as the routinely measured biomarkers of MM activity (e.g. paraprotein). Functional studies revealed a nonredundant role for DSG2 in adhesion of MM PC to endothelial cells. Together, our studies suggest DSG2 to be a potential cell surface biomarker that can be readily detected by flow cytometry to rapidly predict disease trajectory at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Ebert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Myeloma Research Laboratory, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M Zahied Johan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark DeNichilo
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lih Y Tan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kay K Myo Min
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Weimann
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Brenton W Ebert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Myeloma Research Laboratory, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Craig T Wallington-Beddoe
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.,Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Cheong CM, Mrozik KM, Hewett DR, Bell E, Panagopoulos V, Noll JE, Licht JD, Gronthos S, Zannettino ACW, Vandyke K. Twist-1 is upregulated by NSD2 and contributes to tumour dissemination and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like gene expression signature in t(4;14)-positive multiple myeloma. Cancer Lett 2020; 475:99-108. [PMID: 32014459 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15% of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) harbour the t(4;14) chromosomal translocation, leading to the overexpression of the histone methyltransferase NSD2. Patients with this translocation display increased tumour dissemination, accelerated disease progression and rapid relapse. Using publicly available gene expression profile data from NSD2high (n = 135) and NSD2low (n = 878) MM patients, we identified 39 epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes which are overexpressed in NSD2high MM plasma cells. In addition, our analyses identified Twist-1 as a key transcription factor upregulated in NSD2high MM patients and t(4;14)-positive cell lines. Overexpression and knockdown studies confirmed that Twist-1 is involved in driving the expression of EMT-associated genes in the human MM cell line KMS11 and promoted the migration of myeloma cell lines in vitro. Notably, Twist-1 overexpression in the mouse MM cell line 5TGM1 significantly increased tumour dissemination in an intratibial tumour model. These findings demonstrate that Twist-1, downstream of NSD2, contributes to the induction of an EMT-like signature in t(4;14)-positive MM and enhances the dissemination of MM plasma cells in vivo, which may, in part, explain the aggressive disease features associated with t(4;14)-positive MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Man Cheong
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Krzysztof M Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Duncan R Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elyse Bell
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacqueline E Noll
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and University of Florida Health Cancer Center, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
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4
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Expressed fusion gene landscape and its impact in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1893. [PMID: 29196615 PMCID: PMC5711960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by recurrent IgH translocations and well described genomic heterogeneity. Although transcriptome profiles in multiple myeloma has been described, landscape of expressed fusion genes and their clinical impact remains unknown. To provide a comprehensive and detailed fusion gene cartography and suggest new mechanisms of tumorigenesis in multiple myeloma, we performed RNA sequencing in a cohort of 255 newly diagnosed and homogeneously treated multiple myeloma patients with long follow-up. Here, we report that patients have on average 5.5 expressed fusion genes. Kappa and lambda light chains and IgH genes are main partners in a third of all fusion genes. We also identify recurrent fusion genes that significantly impact both progression-free and overall survival and may act as drivers of the disease. Lastly, we find a correlation between the number of fusions, the age of patients and the clinical outcome, strongly suggesting that genomic instability drives prognosis of the disease. Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells in the blood. Here, the authors establish the landscape of fusion genes within this disease, identifying novel recurrent fusion genes that impact survival and may drive disease progression.
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5
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Insights into the molecular roles of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs—syndecans) in autocrine and paracrine growth factor signaling in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11573-11588. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Lazareth A, Song XY, Coquin A, Harel S, Karlin L, Belhadj K, Roos-Weil D, Frenzel L, Tamburini J, Macro M, Chevret S, Loiseau HA, Minvielle S, Fermand JP, Soulier J, Bories JC, Arnulf B. MB4-2 breakpoint in MMSET combined with del(17p) defines a subset of t(4;14) multiple myeloma with very poor prognosis. Haematologica 2015. [PMID: 26206803 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lazareth
- Immuno-Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France INSERM UMR 1126 Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Xiu-Yi Song
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France INSERM UMR 1126 Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Coquin
- Biological Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean Paul Fermand
- Immuno-Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France INSERM UMR 1126 Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- Biological Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean Christophe Bories
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France INSERM UMR 1126 Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Arnulf
- Immuno-Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France INSERM UMR 1126 Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
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7
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Yuan CM, Stetler-Stevenson M. Role of flow cytometry of peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates in early myeloma. Semin Hematol 2011; 48:32-8. [PMID: 21232656 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCM) of multiple myeloma (MM) is commonly accepted in academic centers as providing clinically significant information and is becoming increasingly utilized in the private setting. FCM has established clinical relevance in the following: (1) differential diagnosis of MM from other plasma cell dyscrasias; (2) differentiating MM from lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas; (3) diagnosis of unusual cases of myeloma (eg, to confirm the diagnosis of rare cases of IgM MM); (4) determining the risk of progression of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM; (5) prognostication in MM; and (6) minimal residual disease detection (MRD) post therapy. FCM may have an emerging role in the enumeration of abnormal plasma cells in diagnosis of MM, but further studies are needed. We review the clinical value of FCM in evaluation of peripheral blood and bone marrow in early myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance M Yuan
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Karlin L, Soulier J, Chandesris O, Choquet S, Belhadj K, Macro M, Bouscary D, Porcher R, Ghez D, Malphettes M, Asli B, Brouet JC, Bories JC, Hermine O, Fermand JP, Arnulf B. Clinical and biological features of t(4;14) multiple myeloma: a prospective study. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:238-46. [PMID: 21261498 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.537795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The t(4;14) translocation, found in 15% of multiple myeloma (MM), indicates a poor prognosis. Clinico-biological features associated with this severe outcome and the impact of novel agents are unknown. We report a series of 102 consecutive patients with t(4;14) MM. The median age was 56 years. The isotype was IgA in 42%, and the median serum β(2)-microglobulin was 2.3 mg/L. FGFR3 expression was lacking in 20 (19%) cases. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering MM (sMM) was found in 26 patients (25%). Seven (27%) became symptomatic in a median time of 9 months. Fifty-six of 76 patients with symptomatic MM received high-dose therapy (HDT). The overall response rate (ORR) was 93% (22% CR, 44% VGPR), and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12 months. Twenty-four (37%) patients experienced aggressive relapse. Post-second-line ORR was 51% and the median PFS was 7 months, with a trend for longer PFS in patients treated with a bortezomib-based regimen. Median overall survival after HDT was 31 months. t(4;14) is detected in patients with MGUS/sMM and this does not require immediate chemotherapy. Patients with t(4;14) MM have a high ORR after HDT, contrasting with a short PFS and aggressive relapses, and, despite novel agents, still have a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Karlin
- Immuno-Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
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9
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Paiva B, Pérez-Andrés M, Vídriales MB, Almeida J, de las Heras N, Mateos MV, López-Corral L, Gutiérrez NC, Blanco J, Oriol A, Hernández MT, de Arriba F, de Coca AG, Terol MJ, de la Rubia J, González Y, Martín A, Sureda A, Schmidt-Hieber M, Schmitz A, Johnsen HE, Lahuerta JJ, Bladé J, San-Miguel JF, Orfao A. Competition between clonal plasma cells and normal cells for potentially overlapping bone marrow niches is associated with a progressively altered cellular distribution in MGUS vs myeloma. Leukemia 2011; 25:697-706. [PMID: 21252988 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Disappearance of normal bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PC) predicts malignant transformation of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering myeloma (SMM) into symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM). The homing, behavior and survival of normal PC, but also CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), B-cell precursors, and clonal PC largely depends on their interaction with stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expressing, potentially overlapping BM stromal cell niches. Here, we investigate the distribution, phenotypic characteristics and competitive migration capacity of these cell populations in patients with MGUS, SMM and MM vs healthy adults (HA) aged >60 years. Our results show that BM and peripheral blood (PB) clonal PC progressively increase from MGUS to MM, the latter showing a slightly more immature immunophenotype. Of note, such increased number of clonal PC is associated with progressive depletion of normal PC, B-cell precursors and CD34(+) HSC in the BM, also with a parallel increase in PB. In an ex vivo model, normal PC, B-cell precursors and CD34(+) HSC from MGUS and SMM, but not MM patients, were able to abrogate the migration of clonal PC into serial concentrations of SDF-1. Overall, our results show that progressive competition and replacement of normal BM cells by clonal PC is associated with more advanced disease in patients with MGUS, SMM and MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Paiva
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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10
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Paiva B, Almeida J, Pérez-Andrés M, Mateo G, López A, Rasillo A, Vídriales MB, López-Berges MC, Miguel JFS, Orfao A. Utility of flow cytometry immunophenotyping in multiple myeloma and other clonal plasma cell-related disorders. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2010; 78:239-52. [PMID: 20155853 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) immunophenotyping has become mandatory in the clinical management of hematological malignancies, both for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. Multiple myeloma (MM) and other clonal plasma cell-related (PC) disorders should be no exception to this paradigm, but incorporation of immunophenotypic studies in the management of patients with PC disorders is still far from being routinely established in many diagnostic flow cytometry laboratories. For clonal PC disorders, MFC is of clear and established clinical relevance in: (1) the differential diagnosis between MM and other PC-related disorders; (2) the identification of high-risk MGUS and smoldering MM; (3) minimal residual disease investigation after therapy; additionally it may also be useful for (4) the definition of prognosis-associated antigenic profiles; and (5) the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this article, we review the clinical value of MFC in the study of PC disorders, with specific emphasis in those areas where consensus exists on the need to incorporate MFC into routine evaluation of MM and other clonal PC-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paiva
- Department of Medicine, Services of Cytometry and Hematology and Cancer Research Center (CIC, IBMCC USAL-CSIC), University of Salamanca and University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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11
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Grafone T, Palmisano M, Nicci C, Martelli AM, Emanuela O, Storti S, Baccarani M, Martinelli G. Monitoring of FLT3 phosphorylation status and its response to drugs by flow cytometry in AML blast cells. Hematol Oncol 2008; 26:159-66. [PMID: 18383555 DOI: 10.1002/hon.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
FLT3 mutation and overexpression in most acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients make this tyrosine kinase receptor an attractive therapeutic target. FLT3 kinase inhibitors are actually in clinical trials, thus it is critical to develop a reproducible and standardized method for screening of FLT3 activation and for monitoring its inhibition in response to drug in AML patients. We developed a flow cytometry method to analyse phosphorylated FLT3 (P-FLT3) in samples with <10(5) cells. The method was first validated in FLT3 wild-type (HL60/WT) and mutant (MV4-11/ITD(+)) as well as FLT3 negative (K562) cell lines. The method also proved to be reproducible in AML patient samples. Analysis was performed after exposure to drugs (CEP-701 and SU11657), in vitro and in vivo. In response to increasing drug concentrations, there was a linear reduction in P-FLT3. Intracellular flow cytometry analysis correlated with Western blot and XTT assays; flow cytometry data also correlated with FLT3 mutational status. The results highlight a rapid method to detect P-FLT3 protein at the single cell level by flow cytometry which enables an accurate assessment of FLT3 kinase activity in blast cells in response to novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Grafone
- Institute of Hematology 'John Paul II' Centre for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy.
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12
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Stewart AK, Chang H, Trudel S, Anderson KC, Richardson P, Alsina M, Reece D, Young S, Sable-Hunt A, Li Z, Keats J, Van Wier S, Ahmann G, Price-Troska T, Giusti K, Bergsagel PL, Chesi M, Fonseca R. Diagnostic evaluation of t(4;14) in multiple myeloma and evidence for clonal evolution. Leukemia 2007; 21:2358-9. [PMID: 17568814 PMCID: PMC3882151 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AK Stewart
- Division of Hematology – Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - H Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Trudel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - KC Anderson
- Department of Hematology – Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Richardson
- Department of Hematology – Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Alsina
- Division of Hematology–Oncology, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D Reece
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Young
- Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium, New Caanan, CT, USA
| | - A Sable-Hunt
- Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium, New Caanan, CT, USA
| | - Z Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Keats
- Division of Hematology – Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - S Van Wier
- Division of Hematology – Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - G Ahmann
- Division of Hematology – Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - T Price-Troska
- Division of Hematology – Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - K Giusti
- Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium, New Caanan, CT, USA
| | - PL Bergsagel
- Division of Hematology – Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - M Chesi
- Division of Hematology – Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - R Fonseca
- Division of Hematology – Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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