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Yu H, Chen G, Li L, Wei G, Li Y, Xiong S, Qi X. Spider minor ampullate silk protein nanoparticles: an effective protein delivery system capable of enhancing systemic immune responses. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e573. [PMID: 38882211 PMCID: PMC11179522 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Spider silk proteins (spidroins) are particularly attractive due to their excellent biocompatibility. Spider can produce up to seven different types of spidroins, each with unique properties and functions. Spider minor ampullate silk protein (MiSp) might be particularly interesting for biomedical applications, as the constituent silk is mechanically strong and does not super-contract in water, attributed to its amino acid composition. In this study, we evaluate the potential of recombinant nanoparticles derived from Araneus ventricosus MiSp as a protein delivery carrier. The MiSp-based nanoparticles were able to serve as an effective delivery system, achieving nearly 100% efficiency in loading the model protein lysozyme, and displayed a sustained release profile at physiological pH. These nanoparticles could significantly improve the delivery efficacy of the model proteins through different administration routes. Furthermore, nanoparticles loaded with model protein antigen lysozyme after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration could enhance antigen-specific immune responses in mouse models, through a mechanism involving antigen-depot effects at the injection site, long-term antigen persistence, and efficient uptake by dendritic cells as well as internalization by lymph nodes. These findings highlight the transnational potential of MiSp-based nanoparticle system for protein drug and vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Yu
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - Linchao Li
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Guoqiang Wei
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery Changhai Hospital Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Xingmei Qi
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences Soochow University Suzhou China
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2
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Tsiareshyna M, Wang TH, Lin YS, Piorkowski D, Huang SYT, Huang YL, Chao WT, Chang YJ, Liao CP, Wang PH, Tso IM. Bacteria inhabiting spider webs enhance host silk extensibility. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11011. [PMID: 38744937 PMCID: PMC11093983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Spider silk is a promising material with great potential in biomedical applications due to its incredible mechanical properties and resistance to degradation of commercially available bacterial strains. However, little is known about the bacterial communities that may inhabit spider webs and how these microorganisms interact with spider silk. In this study, we exposed two exopolysaccharide-secreting bacteria, isolated from webs of an orb spider, to major ampullate (MA) silk from host spiders. The naturally occurring lipid and glycoprotein surface layers of MA silk were experimentally removed to further probe the interaction between bacteria and silk. Extensibility of major ampullate silk produced by Triconephila clavata that was exposed to either Microbacterium sp. or Novosphigobium sp. was significantly higher than that of silk that was not exposed to bacteria (differed by 58.7%). This strain-enhancing effect was not observed when the lipid and glycoprotein surface layers of MA silks were removed. The presence of exopolysaccharides was detected through NMR from MA silks exposed to these two bacteria but not from those without exposure. Here we report for the first time that exopolysaccharide-secreting bacteria inhabiting spider webs can enhance extensibility of host MA silks and silk surface layers play a vital role in mediating such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Te-Hsin Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Sammi Yen-Ting Huang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Huang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chao
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Jay Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Pan Liao
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Han Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Center for Ecology and Environment, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - I-Min Tso
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Center for Ecology and Environment, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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3
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Zhao T, Ma H, Liu Y, Chen Z, Shi Q, Ning L. Interfacial interactions between spider silk protein and cellulose studied by molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2024; 30:156. [PMID: 38693294 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Due to their excellent biocompatibility and degradability, cellulose/spider silk protein composites hold a significant value in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical dressings. The interfacial interactions between cellulose and spider silk protein affect the properties of the composite. Therefore, it is important to understand the interfacial interactions between spider silk protein and cellulose to guide the design and optimization of composites. The study of the adsorption of protein on specific surfaces of cellulose crystal can be very complex using experimental methods. Molecular dynamics simulations allow the exploration of various physical and chemical changes at the atomic level of the material and enable an atomic description of the interactions between cellulose crystal planes and spider silk protein. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the interfacial interactions between spider silk protein (NTD) and cellulose surfaces. Findings of RMSD, RMSF, and secondary structure showed that the structure of NTD proteins remained unchanged during the adsorption process. Cellulose contact numbers and hydrogen bonding trends on different crystalline surfaces suggest that van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding interactions drive the binding of proteins to cellulose. These findings reveal the interaction between cellulose and protein at the molecular level and provide theoretical guidance for the design and synthesis of cellulose/spider silk protein composites. METHODS MD simulations were all performed using the GROMACS-5.1 software package and run with CHARMM36 carbohydrate force field. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for 500 ns for the simulated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhao
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiqin Ma
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjuan Chen
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Shi
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Ning
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Glomb C, Wilhelmi M, Strauß S, Zippusch S, Klingenberg M, Aper T, Vogt PM, Ruhparwar A, Helms F. Fabrication and biomechanical characterization of a spider silk reinforced fibrin-based vascular prosthesis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106433. [PMID: 38316085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
With fibrin-based vascular prostheses, vascular tissue engineering offers a promising approach for the fabrication of biologically active regenerative vascular grafts. As a potentially autologous biomaterial, fibrin exhibits excellent hemo- and biocompatibility. However, the major problem in the use of fibrin constructs in vascular tissue engineering, which has so far prevented their widespread clinical application, is the insufficient biomechanical stability of unprocessed fibrin matrices. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated to what extent the addition of a spider silk network into the wall structure of fibrin-based vascular prostheses leads to an increase in biomechanical stability and an improvement in the biomimetic elastic behavior of the grafts. For the fabrication of hybrid prostheses composed of fibrin and spider silk, a statically cast tubular fibrin matrix was surrounded with an envelope layer of Trichonephila edulis silk using a custom built coiling machine. The fibrin matrix was then compacted and pressed into the spider silk network by transluminal balloon compression. This manufacturing process resulted in a hybrid prosthesis with a luminal diameter of 4 mm. Biomechanical characterization revealed a significant increase in biomechanical stability of spider silk reinforced grafts compared to exclusively compacted fibrin segments with a mean burst pressure of 362 ± 74 mmHg vs. 213 ± 14 mmHg (p < 0.05). Dynamic elastic behavior of the spider silk reinforced grafts was similar to native arteries. In addition, the coiling with spider silk allowed a significant increase in suture retention strength and resistance to external compression without compromising the endothelialization capacity of the grafts. Thus, spider silk reinforcement using the abluminal coiling technique represents an efficient and reproducible technique to optimize the biomechanical behavior of small-diameter fibrin-based vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Glomb
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelmi
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, St. Bernward Hospital, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Strauß
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Zippusch
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Klingenberg
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Aper
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arjang Ruhparwar
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Helms
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Division for Cardiothoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Branković M, Zivic F, Grujovic N, Stojadinovic I, Milenkovic S, Kotorcevic N. Review of Spider Silk Applications in Biomedical and Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:169. [PMID: 38534854 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review will present the latest research related to the production and application of spider silk and silk-based materials in reconstructive and regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, with a focus on musculoskeletal tissues, and including skin regeneration and tissue repair of bone and cartilage, ligaments, muscle tissue, peripheral nerves, and artificial blood vessels. Natural spider silk synthesis is reviewed, and the further recombinant production of spider silk proteins. Research insights into possible spider silk structures, like fibers (1D), coatings (2D), and 3D constructs, including porous structures, hydrogels, and organ-on-chip designs, have been reviewed considering a design of bioactive materials for smart medical implants and drug delivery systems. Silk is one of the toughest natural materials, with high strain at failure and mechanical strength. Novel biomaterials with silk fibroin can mimic the tissue structure and promote regeneration and new tissue growth. Silk proteins are important in designing tissue-on-chip or organ-on-chip technologies and micro devices for the precise engineering of artificial tissues and organs, disease modeling, and the further selection of adequate medical treatments. Recent research indicates that silk (films, hydrogels, capsules, or liposomes coated with silk proteins) has the potential to provide controlled drug release at the target destination. However, even with clear advantages, there are still challenges that need further research, including clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Branković
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Fatima Zivic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Grujovic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stojadinovic
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Center, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Strahinja Milenkovic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nikola Kotorcevic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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6
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Stadlmayr S, Peter K, Millesi F, Rad A, Wolf S, Mero S, Zehl M, Mentler A, Gusenbauer C, Konnerth J, Schniepp HC, Lichtenegger H, Naghilou A, Radtke C. Comparative Analysis of Various Spider Silks in Regard to Nerve Regeneration: Material Properties and Schwann Cell Response. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302968. [PMID: 38079208 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve reconstruction through the employment of nerve guidance conduits with Trichonephila dragline silk as a luminal filling has emerged as an outstanding preclinical alternative to avoid nerve autografts. Yet, it remains unknown whether the outcome is similar for silk fibers harvested from other spider species. This study compares the regenerative potential of dragline silk from two orb-weaving spiders, Trichonephila inaurata and Nuctenea umbratica, as well as the silk of the jumping spider Phidippus regius. Proliferation, migration, and transcriptomic state of Schwann cells seeded on these silks are investigated. In addition, fiber morphology, primary protein structure, and mechanical properties are studied. The results demonstrate that the increased velocity of Schwann cells on Phidippus regius fibers can be primarily attributed to the interplay between the silk's primary protein structure and its mechanical properties. Furthermore, the capacity of silk fibers to trigger cells toward a gene expression profile of a myelinating Schwann cell phenotype is shown. The findings for the first time allow an in-depth comparison of the specific cellular response to various native spider silks and a correlation with the fibers' material properties. This knowledge is essential to open up possibilities for targeted manufacturing of synthetic nervous tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Peter
- Institute for Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anda Rad
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sonja Wolf
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sascha Mero
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Axel Mentler
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Claudia Gusenbauer
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln an der Donau, 3430, Austria
| | - Johannes Konnerth
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln an der Donau, 3430, Austria
| | - Hannes C Schniepp
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Institute for Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Aida Naghilou
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Wilczek G, Surmiak-Stalmach K, Morenc M, Niemiec-Cyganek A, Rost-Roszkowska M, Karcz J, Skowronek M. The effect of ingested copper on the structural and cytotoxic properties of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spider silk. ZOOLOGY 2024; 162:126143. [PMID: 38218003 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Spiders, assigned to macroconcentrators of heavy metals, are particularly threatened by the toxic effects of these chemicals. Until now, it has not been specified to what extent metals alter the processes proceeding in silk glands and if such changes could consequently influence the chemical and structural properties of the spun web threads. In the present study selected biological properties of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) silk yarn after nutritional exposure to copper at sublethal doses (0.234 mM CuSO4) were assessed. It was determined both changes in ultrastructure of ampullate glands and hunting web's architecture as well the cytotoxic effect in model cells (fibroblasts: line ATCC® CCL-1 NCTC clone 929), that were in contact with the analyzed biomaterial. The exposure of spiders to copper caused the occurrence of apoptotic cells in the ampullate glands as well as a significant reduction in the diameter of single fibers in double and multiple connection complexes as compared with control. At both 24 and 72 h of incubation, intensification of apoptotic and necrotic processes was observed in the fibroblast cultures that were remaining in indirect contact with the webs produced by copper-contaminated individuals. In the case of fibroblasts in direct contact with silk from the copper group, a clear cytotoxic effect resulting in an increased frequency of necrosis was observed after 72 h of incubation. The results indicated that copper may change the biological properties of spider silk and compromise its biomaterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Wilczek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Kinga Surmiak-Stalmach
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Morenc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Prof. Zbigniew Religa Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Wolności 345a, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jagna Karcz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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8
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Strauß S, Diemer M, Bucan V, Kuhbier JW, Asendorf T, Vogt PM, Schlottmann F. Spider silk enhanced tissue engineering of cartilage tissue: Approach of a novel bioreactor model using adipose derived stromal cells. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2024; 22:22808000241226656. [PMID: 38253568 DOI: 10.1177/22808000241226656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cartilage tissue remains a challenge for the development of therapeutic options due to its poor vascularization and reduced regenerative capacities. There are a variety of research approaches dealing with cartilage tissue engineering. In addition to different biomaterials, numerous cell populations have been investigated in bioreactor-supported experimental setups to improve cartilage tissue engineering. The concept of the present study was to investigate spider silk cocoons as scaffold seeded with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) in a custom-made bioreactor model using cyclic axial compression to engineer cartilage-like tissue. For chemical induction of differentiation, BMP-7 and TGF-β2 were added and changes in cell morphology and de-novo tissue formation were investigated using histological staining to verify chondrogenic differentiation. By seeding spider silk cocoons with ASC, a high colonization density and cell proliferation could be achieved. Mechanical induction of differentiation using a newly established bioreactor model led to a more roundish cell phenotype and new extracellular matrix formation, indicating a chondrogenic differentiation. The addition of BMP-7 and TGF-β2 enhanced the expression of cartilage specific markers in immunohistochemical staining. Overall, the present study can be seen as pilot study and valuable complementation to the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Strauß
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Diemer
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vesna Bucan
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörn W Kuhbier
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Helios Klinikum Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Tomke Asendorf
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frederik Schlottmann
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Trossmann VT, Lentz S, Scheibel T. Factors Influencing Properties of Spider Silk Coatings and Their Interactions within a Biological Environment. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:434. [PMID: 37623678 PMCID: PMC10455157 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are an indispensable part of biomedical research. However, although many materials display suitable application-specific properties, they provide only poor biocompatibility when implanted into a human/animal body leading to inflammation and rejection reactions. Coatings made of spider silk proteins are promising alternatives for various applications since they are biocompatible, non-toxic and anti-inflammatory. Nevertheless, the biological response toward a spider silk coating cannot be generalized. The properties of spider silk coatings are influenced by many factors, including silk source, solvent, the substrate to be coated, pre- and post-treatments and the processing technique. All these factors consequently affect the biological response of the environment and the putative application of the appropriate silk coating. Here, we summarize recently identified factors to be considered before spider silk processing as well as physicochemical characterization methods. Furthermore, we highlight important results of biological evaluations to emphasize the importance of adjustability and adaption to a specific application. Finally, we provide an experimental matrix of parameters to be considered for a specific application and a guided biological response as exemplarily tested with two different fibroblast cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa T. Trossmann
- Chair of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (V.T.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Sarah Lentz
- Chair of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (V.T.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (V.T.T.); (S.L.)
- Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Materials Center (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Naghilou A, Peter K, Millesi F, Stadlmayr S, Wolf S, Rad A, Semmler L, Supper P, Ploszczanski L, Liu J, Burghammer M, Riekel C, Bismarck A, Backus EHG, Lichtenegger H, Radtke C. Insights into the material properties of dragline spider silk affecting Schwann cell migration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125398. [PMID: 37330085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dragline silk of Trichonephila spiders has attracted attention in various applications. One of the most fascinating uses of dragline silk is in nerve regeneration as a luminal filling for nerve guidance conduits. In fact, conduits filled with spider silk can measure up to autologous nerve transplantation, but the reasons behind the success of silk fibers are not yet understood. In this study dragline fibers of Trichonephila edulis were sterilized with ethanol, UV radiation, and autoclaving and the resulting material properties were characterized with regard to the silk's suitability for nerve regeneration. Rat Schwann cells (rSCs) were seeded on these silks in vitro and their migration and proliferation were investigated as an indication for the fiber's ability to support the growth of nerves. It was found that rSCs migrate faster on ethanol treated fibers. To elucidate the reasons behind this behavior, the fiber's morphology, surface chemistry, secondary protein structure, crystallinity, and mechanical properties were studied. The results demonstrate that the synergy of dragline silk's stiffness and its composition has a crucial effect on the migration of rSCs. These findings pave the way towards understanding the response of SCs to silk fibers as well as the targeted production of synthetic alternatives for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Naghilou
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karolina Peter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Wolf
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anda Rad
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Semmler
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Supper
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leon Ploszczanski
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiliang Liu
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Riekel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Harke NN, Strauss S, Peters I, Katzendorn O, Tezval H, Kuczyk MA, Vogt PM. Spider silk erectile nerve reconstruction in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a first-in-men feasibility analysis. World J Urol 2023:10.1007/s00345-023-04427-7. [PMID: 37195313 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the safety and feasibility of spider silk interposition for erectile nerve reconstruction in patients undergoing robotic radical prostatectomy (RARP). METHODS The major-ampullate-dragline from Nephila edulis was used for spider silk nerve reconstruction (SSNR). After removal of the prostate with either uni- or bilateral nerve-sparing, the spider silk was laid out on the site of the neurovascular bundles. Data analysis included inflammatory markers and patient reported outcomes. RESULTS Six patients underwent RARP with SSNR. In 50% of the cases, only a unilateral nerve-sparing was performed, bilateral nerve-sparing could be performed in three patients. Placement of the spider silk conduit was uneventful, contact of the spider silk with the surrounding tissue was mostly sufficient for a stable connection with the proximal and distal ends of the dissected bundles. Inflammatory markers peaked until postoperative day 1 but stabilized until discharge without any need for antibiotic treatment throughout the hospital stay. One patient was readmitted due to a urinary tract infection. Three patients reported about erections sufficient for penetration after three months with a continuous improvement of erectile function both after bi- and unilateral nerve-sparing with SSNR up to the last follow-up after 18 months. CONCLUSION In this analysis of the first RARP with SSNR, a simple intraoperative handling without major complications was demonstrated. While the series provides evidence that SSNR is safe and feasible, a prospective randomized trial with long-term follow-up is needed to identify further improvement in postoperative erectile function due to the spider silk-directed nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina N Harke
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sarah Strauss
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Peters
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olga Katzendorn
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hossein Tezval
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus A Kuczyk
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Semmler L, Naghilou A, Millesi F, Wolf S, Mann A, Stadlmayr S, Mero S, Ploszczanski L, Greutter L, Woehrer A, Placheta-Györi E, Vollrath F, Weiss T, Radtke C. Silk-in-Silk Nerve Guidance Conduits Enhance Regeneration in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203237. [PMID: 36683305 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Advanced nerve guidance conduits can provide an off-the-shelf alternative to autografts for the rehabilitation of segmental peripheral nerve injuries. In this study, the excellent processing ability of silk fibroin and the outstanding cell adhesion quality of spider dragline silk are combined to generate a silk-in-silk conduit for nerve repair. Fibroin-based silk conduits (SC) are characterized, and Schwann cells are seeded on the conduits and spider silk. Rat sciatic nerve (10 mm) defects are treated with an autograft (A), an empty SC, or a SC filled with longitudinally aligned spider silk fibers (SSC) for 14 weeks. Functional recovery, axonal re-growth, and re-myelination are assessed. The material characterizations determine a porous nature of the conduit. Schwann cells accept the conduit and spider silk as growth substrate. The in vivo results show a significantly faster functional regeneration of the A and SSC group compared to the SC group. In line with the functional results, the histomorphometrical analysis determines a comparable axon density of the A and SSC groups, which is significantly higher than the SC group. These findings demonstrate that the here introduced silk-in-silk nerve conduit achieves a similar regenerative performance as autografts largely due to the favorable guiding properties of spider dragline silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Semmler
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Aida Naghilou
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Sonja Wolf
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Anda Mann
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sascha Mero
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Leon Ploszczanski
- Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Medel-Straße 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Lisa Greutter
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Eva Placheta-Györi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Fritz Vollrath
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd., Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Tamara Weiss
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
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13
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Bergmann F, Stadlmayr S, Millesi F, Zeitlinger M, Naghilou A, Radtke C. The properties of native Trichonephila dragline silk and its biomedical applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213089. [PMID: 36037764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spider silk has fascinated mankind for millennia, but it is only in recent decades that scientific research has begun to unravel all its characteristics and applications. The uniqueness of spider silk resides in its versatility, in which a combination of high strength and extensibility results in extraordinary toughness, superior to almost all natural and man-made fibers. Dragline silk consists of proteins with highly repetitive amino acid sequences, which have been correlated with specific secondary structures responsible for its physical properties. The native fiber also shows high cytocompatibility coupled with low immunogenicity, making it a promising natural biomaterial for numerous biomedical applications. Recently, novel technologies have enabled new insights into the material and biomedical properties of silk. Due to the increasing interest in spider silk, as well as the desire to produce synthetic alternatives, we present an update on the current knowledge of silk fibers produced by the spider genus Trichonephila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bergmann
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aida Naghilou
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Maltseva ES, Nikolaeva VO, Savin AM, Dobryakov MY, Koshel EI, Krivoshapkin PV, Krivoshapkina EF. Fluorescent Hybrid Material Based on Natural Spider Silk and Carbon Dots for Bioapplication. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3310-3319. [PMID: 35763797 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the outcome of an operation largely depends on the quality of wound healing, it is one of the most challenging stages in surgery. Today, wound closure is mostly undertaken by means of a surgical suture. Good surgical sutures are biocompatible and biodegradable and possess excellent mechanical properties. Preferably, these sutures demonstrate optical activity for bacteria detection as there is a risk of surgical site infections. In this study, a solution, which fulfills all the requirements for manufacturing a multifunctional hybrid material, is proposed. In this work, a method for the in situ modification of spider silk with fluorescent carbon dots has been developed. The basic concept is the use of silk fibers as both the main framework for tissue regeneration and a carbon source during carbon dot synthesis. The resulting hybrid material exhibits strong photoluminescence in the red region of the spectrum (590 nm) when irradiated with blue light (480 nm). The proposed approach potentially allows for simultaneous wound closure and pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta S Maltseva
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Valeria O Nikolaeva
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Artemii M Savin
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Dobryakov
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Elena I Koshel
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Pavel V Krivoshapkin
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Elena F Krivoshapkina
- Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
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15
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Mikhailova MM, Sydoruk KV, Davydova LI, Yastremsky EV, Chvalun SN, Debabov VG, Bogush VG, Panteleyev AA. Nonwoven spidroin materials as scaffolds for ex vivo cultivation of aortic fragments and dorsal root ganglia. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1685-1703. [PMID: 35499451 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2073426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant spidroins (RS; the analogues of silk proteins of spider's web) have multiple properties beneficial for bioengineering, including their suitability for electrospinning and thus, for production of materials with oriented fibers. This makes RS-based matrices potentially effective in stimulating regeneration of peripheral nerves. The restoration of injured nerves also depends on prompt regrowth of blood vessels. Therefore, prospective scaffold materials for neuro-regenerative therapy should positively affect both the nerves and the blood vessels. Currently, the experimental models suitable for culturing and quantitative assessment of the vascular and neuronal cells on the same material are lacking. Here, we assessed the suitability of electrospun RS-based matrices for cultivation of the mouse aorta and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants. We also quantified the effects of matrix topography upon both types of tissues. The RS-based materials have effectively supported aortic explants survival and sprouting. The cumulative length of endothelial sprouts on rS1/9-coated inserts was significantly higher as compared to type I collagen coatings, suggesting stimulatory effects on angiogenesis in vitro. In contrast to matrices with random fibers, on matrices with parallel fibers the migration of both smooth muscle and endothelial cells was highly oriented. Furthermore, alignment of RS fibers effectively directs the growth of axons and the migration of Schwann cells from DRGs. Thus, the electrospun RS matrices are highly suitable to culture both, the DRGs and aortic explants and to study the effects of matrix topography on cell migration. This model has a high potential for further endeavor into interactions of nerve and vascular cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin V Sydoruk
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIGenetika, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov I Davydova
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIGenetika, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V Yastremsky
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir G Debabov
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIGenetika, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Bogush
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIGenetika, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Man K, Joukhdar H, Manz XD, Brunet MY, Jiang LH, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Yang XB. Bone tissue engineering using 3D silk scaffolds and human dental pulp stromal cells epigenetic reprogrammed with the selective histone deacetylase inhibitor MI192. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:565-581. [PMID: 35362831 PMCID: PMC9110470 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics plays a critical role in regulating mesenchymal stem cells’ (MSCs) fate for tissue repair and regeneration. There is increasing evidence that the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoform 3 can enhance MSC osteogenesis. This study investigated the potential of using a selective HDAC2 and 3 inhibitor, MI192, to promote human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPSCs) bone-like tissue formation in vitro and in vivo within porous Bombyx Mori silk scaffolds. Both 2 and 5 wt% silk scaffolds were fabricated and characterised. The 5 wt% scaffolds possess thicker internal lamellae, reduced scaffold swelling and degradation rates, whilst increased compressive modulus in comparison to the 2 wt% silk scaffold. MI192 pre-treatment of hDPSCs on 5 wt% silk scaffold significantly enhanced hDPSCs alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). The expression of osteoblast-related genes (RUNX2, ALP, Col1a, OCN) was significantly upregulated in the MI192 pre-treated cells. Histological analysis confirmed that the MI192 pre-treated hDPSCs-silk scaffold constructs promoted bone extracellular matrix (ALP, Col1a, OCN) deposition and mineralisation compared to the untreated group. Following 6 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in nude mice, the MI192 pre-treated hDPSCs-silk scaffold constructs enhanced the vascularisation and extracellular matrix mineralisation compared to untreated control. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate the potential of using epigenetic reprogramming and silk scaffolds to promote hDPSCs bone formation efficacy, which provides evidence for clinical translation of this technology for bone augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Man
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, WTBB, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS97TF, UK.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Habib Joukhdar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xue D Manz
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Y Brunet
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xuebin B Yang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, WTBB, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS97TF, UK.
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17
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Bäcklund FG, Schmuck B, Miranda GHB, Greco G, Pugno NM, Rydén J, Rising A. An Image-Analysis-Based Method for the Prediction of Recombinant Protein Fiber Tensile Strength. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030708. [PMID: 35160653 PMCID: PMC8915176 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibers derived from the cocoon of silk moths and the wide range of silks produced by spiders exhibit an array of features, such as extraordinary tensile strength, elasticity, and adhesive properties. The functional features and mechanical properties can be derived from the structural composition and organization of the silk fibers. Artificial recombinant protein fibers based on engineered spider silk proteins have been successfully made previously and represent a promising way towards the large-scale production of fibers with predesigned features. However, for the production and use of protein fibers, there is a need for reliable objective quality control procedures that could be automated and that do not destroy the fibers in the process. Furthermore, there is still a lack of understanding the specifics of how the structural composition and organization relate to the ultimate function of silk-like fibers. In this study, we develop a new method for the categorization of protein fibers that enabled a highly accurate prediction of fiber tensile strength. Based on the use of a common light microscope equipped with polarizers together with image analysis for the precise determination of fiber morphology and optical properties, this represents an easy-to-use, objective non-destructive quality control process for protein fiber manufacturing and provides further insights into the link between the supramolecular organization and mechanical functionality of protein fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik G. Bäcklund
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (B.S.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Benjamin Schmuck
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (B.S.); (A.R.)
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gisele H. B. Miranda
- Division of Computational Science and Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden;
- BioImage Informatics Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Greco
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.G.); (N.M.P.)
| | - Nicola M. Pugno
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.G.); (N.M.P.)
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jesper Rydén
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (B.S.); (A.R.)
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Zhang Q, Li M, Hu W, Wang X, Hu J. Spidroin-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering: General Approaches and Potential Stem Cell Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7141550. [PMID: 34966432 PMCID: PMC8712125 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7141550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider silks are increasingly gaining interest for potential use as biomaterials in tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Owing to their facile and versatile processability in native and regenerated forms, they can be easily tuned via chemical synthesis or recombinant technologies to address specific issues required for applications. In the past few decades, native spider silk and recombinant silk materials have been explored for a wide range of applications due to their superior strength, toughness, and elasticity as well as biocompatibility, biodegradation, and nonimmunogenicity. Herein, we present an overview of the recent advances in spider silk protein that fabricate biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Beginning with a brief description of biological and mechanical properties of spidroin-based materials and the cellular regulatory mechanism, this review summarizes various types of spidroin-based biomaterials from genetically engineered spider silks and their prospects for specific biomedical applications (e.g., lung tissue engineering, vascularization, bone and cartilage regeneration, and peripheral nerve repair), and finally, we prospected the development direction and manufacturing technology of building more refined and customized spidroin-based protein scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Min Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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19
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Bakhshandeh B, Nateghi SS, Gazani MM, Dehghani Z, Mohammadzadeh F. A review on advances in the applications of spider silk in biomedical issues. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:258-271. [PMID: 34627845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spider silk, as one of the hardest natural and biocompatible substances with extraordinary strength and flexibility, have become an ideal option in various areas of science and have made their path onto the biomedical industry. Despite its growing popularity, the difficulties in the extraction of silks from spiders and farming them have made it unaffordable and almost impossible for industrial scale. Biotechnology helped production of spider silks recombinantly in different hosts and obtaining diverse morphologies out of them based on different processing and assembly procedures. Herein, the characteristics of these morphologies and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. A detailed view about applications of recombinant silks in skin regeneration and cartilage, tendon, bone, teeth, cardiovascular, and neural tissues engineering are brought out, where there is a need for strong scaffolds to support cell growth. Likewise, spider silk proteins have applications as conduit constructs, medical sutures, and 3D printer bioinks. Other characteristics of spider silks, such as low immunogenicity, hydrophobicity, homogeneity, and adjustability, have attracted much attention in drug and gene delivery. Finally, the challenges and obstacles ahead for industrializing the production of spider silk proteins in sufficient quantities in biomedicine, along with solutions to overcome these barriers, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Saba Nateghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Maddah Gazani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehghani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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20
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Doblado LR, Martínez-Ramos C, Pradas MM. Biomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.643507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapy of neural nerve injuries that involve the disruption of axonal pathways or axonal tracts has taken a new dimension with the development of tissue engineering techniques. When peripheral nerve injury (PNI), spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), or neurodegenerative disease occur, the intricate architecture undergoes alterations leading to growth inhibition and loss of guidance through large distance. To improve the limitations of purely cell-based therapies, the neural tissue engineering philosophy has emerged. Efforts are being made to produce an ideal scaffold based on synthetic and natural polymers that match the exact biological and mechanical properties of the tissue. Furthermore, through combining several components (biomaterials, cells, molecules), axonal regrowth is facilitated to obtain a functional recovery of the neural nerve diseases. The main objective of this review is to investigate the recent approaches and applications of neural tissue engineering approaches.
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21
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Liu Y, Huang W, Meng M, Chen M, Cao C. Progress in the application of spider silk protein in medicine. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:859-871. [PMID: 33853426 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211003850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spider silk protein has attracted much attention on account of its excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. As the main protein component of spider silk, spidroin plays important role in spider spinning under natural circumstances and biomaterial application in medicine as well. Compare to the native spidroin which has a large molecular weight (>300 kDa) with highly repeat glycine and polyalanine regions, the recombinant spidroin was maintained the core amino motifs and much easier to collect. Here, we reviewed the application of recombinant spider silk protein eADF4(C16), major ampullate spidroin (MaSp), minor ampullate spidroin (MiSp), and the derivatives of recombinant spider silk protein in drug delivery system. Moreover, we also reviewed the application of spider silk protein in the field of alternative materials, repairing materials, wound dressing, surgical sutures along with advances in recombinant spider silk protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- 1Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- 1Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Minsi Meng
- 1Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Minhui Chen
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Chengjian Cao
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
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22
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Johansson J, Rising A. Doing What Spiders Cannot-A Road Map to Supreme Artificial Silk Fibers. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1952-1959. [PMID: 33470789 PMCID: PMC7905870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating artificial spider silk fibers in bulk scale has been a major goal in materials science for centuries. Two main routes have emerged for making such fibers. One method uses biomimetics in which the spider silk proteins (spidroins) are produced under nativelike conditions and then spun into fibers in a process that captures the natural, complex molecular mechanisms. However, these fibers do not yet match the mechanical properties of native silk fibers, potentially due to the small size of the designed spidroin used. The second route builds on biotechnological progress that enables production of large spidroins that can be spun into fibers by using organic solvents. With this approach, fibers that equal the native material in terms of mechanical properties can be manufactured, but the yields are too low for economically sustainable production. Hence, the need for new ideas is urgent. Herein, we introduce a structural-biology-based approach for engineering artificial spidroins that circumvents the laws with which spidroins, being secretory proteins, have to comply in order to avoid membrane insertion and provide a road map to the production of biomimetic silk fibers with improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Johansson
- Department
of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska
Institutet, Neo, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- E-mail:
| | - Anna Rising
- Department
of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska
Institutet, Neo, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- E-mail:
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23
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Kornfeld T, Nessler J, Helmer C, Hannemann R, Waldmann KH, Peck CT, Hoffmann P, Brandes G, Vogt PM, Radtke C. Spider silk nerve graft promotes axonal regeneration on long distance nerve defect in a sheep model. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120692. [PMID: 33607544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries with substantial tissue loss require autologous nerve transplantation or alternatively reconstruction with nerve conduits. Axonal elongation after nerve transection is about 1 mm/day. The precise time course of axonal regeneration on an ultrastructural level in nerve gap repair using either autologous or artificial implants has not been described. As peripheral nerve regeneration is a highly time critical process due to deterioration of the neuromuscular junction, this in vivo examination in a large animal model was performed in order to investigate axonal elongation rates and spider silk material degradation in a narrowly delimited time series (20, 30, 40, 50, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days) by using a novel spider silk based artificial nerve graft as a critical prerequisite for clinical translation. Autologous nerves or artificial nerve conduits based on spider silk of the spider species Trichonephila edulis were transplanted in a 6.0 cm nerve defect model in the black headed mutton. At each of the post-implant time point, electrophysiology recordings were performed to assess functional reinnervation of axonal fibers into the implants. Samples were analyzed by histology and immunofluorescence in order to verify the timeline of axonal regeneration including axonal regeneration rates of the spider silk implant and the autologous transplant groups. Spider silk was degraded within 3 month by a light immune response mainly mediated by Langhans Giant cells. In conjunction with behavioral analysis and electrophysiological measurements, the results indicate that the spider silk nerve implant supported an axonal regeneration comparable to an autologous nerve graft which is the current gold standard in nerve repair surgery. These findings indicate that a biomaterial based spider silk nerve conduit is as effective as autologous nerve implants and may be an important approach for long nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kornfeld
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Department of Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Nessler
- Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Helmer
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Hannemann
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - K H Waldmann
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - C T Peck
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Brandes
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - P M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Department of Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Millesi F, Weiss T, Mann A, Haertinger M, Semmler L, Supper P, Pils D, Naghilou A, Radtke C. Defining the regenerative effects of native spider silk fibers on primary Schwann cells, sensory neurons, and nerve-associated fibroblasts. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21196. [PMID: 33210360 PMCID: PMC7894153 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001447r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The search for a suitable material to promote regeneration after long-distance peripheral nerve defects turned the spotlight on spider silk. Nerve conduits enriched with native spider silk fibers as internal guiding structures previously demonstrated a regenerative outcome similar to autologous nerve grafts in animal studies. Nevertheless, spider silk is a natural material with associated limitations for clinical use. A promising alternative is the production of recombinant silk fibers that should mimic the outstanding properties of their native counterpart. However, in vitro data on the regenerative features that native silk fibers provide for cells involved in nerve regeneration are scarce. Thus, there is a lack of reference parameters to evaluate whether recombinant silk fiber candidates will be eligible for nerve repair in vivo. To gain insight into the regenerative effect of native spider silk, our study aims to define the behavioral response of primary Schwann cells (SCs), nerve-associated fibroblasts (FBs), and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured on native dragline silk from the genus Nephila and on laminin coated dishes. The established multi-color immunostaining panels together with confocal microscopy and live cell imaging enabled the analysis of cell identity, morphology, proliferation, and migration on both substrates in detail. Our findings demonstrated that native spider silk rivals laminin coating as it allowed attachment and proliferation and supported the characteristic behavior of all tested cell types. Axonal out-growth of DRG neurons occurred along longitudinally aligned SCs that formed sustained bundled structures resembling Bungner bands present in regenerating nerves. The migration of SCs along the silk fibers achieved the reported distance of regenerating axons of about 1 mm per day, but lacked directionality. Furthermore, rFBs significantly reduced the velocity of rSCs in co-cultures on silk fibers. In summary, this study (a) reveals features recombinant silk must possess and what modifications or combinations could be useful for enhanced nerve repair and (b) provides assays to evaluate the regenerative performance of silk fibers in vitro before being applied as internal guiding structure in nerve conduits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Millesi
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Tamara Weiss
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Anda Mann
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maximilian Haertinger
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Lorenz Semmler
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Paul Supper
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Division of General SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Aida Naghilou
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Research Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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25
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Roll-to-Roll Production of Spider Silk Nanofiber Nonwoven Meshes Using Centrifugal Electrospinning for Filtration Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235540. [PMID: 33255885 PMCID: PMC7728303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Filtration systems used in technical and medical applications require components for fine particle deep filtration to be highly efficient and at the same time air permeable. In high efficiency filters, nonwoven meshes, which show increased performance based on small fiber diameters (e.g., using nanofibers), can be used as fine particle filter layers. Nanofiber nonwoven meshes made by electrospinning of spider silk proteins have been recently shown to exhibit required filter properties. Needle-based electrospinning, however, is limited regarding its productivity and scalability. Centrifugal electrospinning, in contrast, has been shown to allow manufacturing of ultrathin polymer nonwoven meshes in an efficient and scalable manner. Here, continuous roll-to-roll production of nonwoven meshes made of recombinant spider silk proteins is established using centrifugal electrospinning. The produced spider silk nanofiber meshes show high filter efficiency in the case of fine particulate matter below 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and a low pressure drop, resulting in excellent filter quality.
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26
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Correlating the secondary protein structure of natural spider silk with its guiding properties for Schwann cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Fornasari BE, Carta G, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S. Natural-Based Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:554257. [PMID: 33178670 PMCID: PMC7596179 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.554257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury treatment is a relevant problem because of nerve lesion high incidence and because of unsatisfactory regeneration after severe injuries, thus resulting in a reduced patient's life quality. To repair severe nerve injuries characterized by substance loss and to improve the regeneration outcome at both motor and sensory level, different strategies have been investigated. Although autograft remains the gold standard technique, a growing number of research articles concerning nerve conduit use has been reported in the last years. Nerve conduits aim to overcome autograft disadvantages, but they must satisfy some requirements to be suitable for nerve repair. A universal ideal conduit does not exist, since conduit properties have to be evaluated case by case; nevertheless, because of their high biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural-based biomaterials have great potentiality to be used to produce nerve guides. Although they share many characteristics with synthetic biomaterials, natural-based biomaterials should also be preferable because of their extraction sources; indeed, these biomaterials are obtained from different renewable sources or food waste, thus reducing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability in comparison to synthetic ones. This review reports the strengths and weaknesses of natural-based biomaterials used for manufacturing peripheral nerve conduits, analyzing the interactions between natural-based biomaterials and biological environment. Particular attention was paid to the description of the preclinical outcome of nerve regeneration in injury repaired with the different natural-based conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta E Fornasari
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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28
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Greco G, Francis J, Arndt T, Schmuck B, G. Bäcklund F, Barth A, Johansson J, M. Pugno N, Rising A. Properties of Biomimetic Artificial Spider Silk Fibers Tuned by PostSpin Bath Incubation. Molecules 2020; 25:E3248. [PMID: 32708777 PMCID: PMC7397010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient production of artificial spider silk fibers with properties that match its natural counterpart has still not been achieved. Recently, a biomimetic process for spinning recombinant spider silk proteins (spidroins) was presented, in which important molecular mechanisms involved in native spider silk spinning were recapitulated. However, drawbacks of these fibers included inferior mechanical properties and problems with low resistance to aqueous environments. In this work, we show that ≥5 h incubation of the fibers, in a collection bath of 500 mM NaAc and 200 mM NaCl, at pH 5 results in fibers that do not dissolve in water or phosphate buffered saline, which implies that the fibers can be used for applications that involve wet/humid conditions. Furthermore, incubation in the collection bath improved the strain at break and was associated with increased β-sheet content, but did not affect the fiber morphology. In summary, we present a simple way to improve artificial spider silk fiber strain at break and resistance to aqueous solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Greco
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Juanita Francis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Tina Arndt
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Benjamin Schmuck
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Fredrik G. Bäcklund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Andreas Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Nicola M. Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Zhang C, Mi J, Qi H, Huang J, Liu S, Zhang L, Fan D. Engineered a novel pH-sensitive short major ampullate spidroin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:698-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Kiseleva AP, Krivoshapkin PV, Krivoshapkina EF. Recent Advances in Development of Functional Spider Silk-Based Hybrid Materials. Front Chem 2020; 8:554. [PMID: 32695749 PMCID: PMC7338834 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Silkworm silk is mainly known as a luxurious textile. Spider silk is an alternative to silkworm silk fibers and has much more outstanding properties. Silk diversity ensures variation in its application in nature and industry. This review aims to provide a critical summary of up-to-date fabrication methods of spider silk-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials. This paper focuses on the relationship between the molecular structure of spider silk and its mechanical properties. Such knowledge is essential for understanding the innate properties of spider silk as it provides insight into the sophisticated assembly processes of silk proteins into the distinct polymers as a basis for novel products. In this context, we describe the development of spider silk-based hybrids using both natural and bioengineered spider silk proteins blended with inorganic nanoparticles. The following topics are also covered: the diversity of spider silk, its composition and architecture, the differences between silkworm silk and spider silk, and the biosynthesis of natural silk. Referencing biochemical data and processes, this paper outlines the existing challenges and future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena F. Krivoshapkina
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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31
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Åstrand C, Chotteau V, Falk A, Hedhammar M. Assembly of FN-silk with laminin-521 to integrate hPSCs into a three-dimensional culture for neural differentiation. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2514-2525. [PMID: 32215392 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) neural tissue cultures recapitulate the basic concepts during development and disease better than what can be obtained using conventional two-dimensional cultures. Here, we use a recombinant spider silk protein functionalized with a cell binding motif from fibronectin (FN-silk) in combination with a human recombinant laminin 521 (LN-521) to create a fully defined stem cell niche in 3D. A novel method to assemble silk blended with LN-521 together with human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) is used to create centimeter-sized foams, which upon cultivation develop into 3D cell constructs supported by a microfibrillar network. After initial cell expansion, neural differentiation was induced to form a homogenous layer of continuous neuroectodermal tissue that allows further differentiation into neuronal subtypes. The silk-supported 3D cell constructs could then be detached from the bottom of the well and cultured as floating entities, where cells appeared in distinctive radial organization resembling early neural tube. This shows that the neural progenitors retain their cellular self-organization ability in the FN-silk/LN-521-supported 3D culture. Calcium imaging demonstrated spontaneous activity, which is important for the formation of neuronal networks. Together, the results show that hPSCs integrated into FN-silk/LN-521 foam develop into neural progenitors and that these stay viable during long-term differentiations. FN-silk/LN-521 also supports morphogenesis mimicking the human brain development and can serve as base for engineering of hPSC-derived neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Åstrand
- Dept. of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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32
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Gonska N, López PA, Lozano-Picazo P, Thorpe M, Guinea GV, Johansson J, Barth A, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Rising A. Structure-Function Relationship of Artificial Spider Silk Fibers Produced by Straining Flow Spinning. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2116-2124. [PMID: 32223220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The production of large quantities of artificial spider silk fibers that match the mechanical properties of the native material has turned out to be challenging. Recent advancements in the field make biomimetic spinning approaches an attractive way forward since they allow the spider silk proteins to assemble into the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures that are characteristic of the native silk fiber. Straining flow spinning (SFS) is a newly developed and versatile method that allows production under a wide range of processing conditions. Here, we use a recombinant spider silk protein that shows unprecedented water solubility and that is capable of native-like assembly, and we spin it into fibers by the SFS technique. We show that fibers may be spun using different hydrodynamical and chemical conditions and conclude that these spinning conditions affect fiber mechanics. In particular, it was found that the addition of acetonitrile and polyethylene glycol to the collection bath results in fibers with increased β-sheet content and improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gonska
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Box 7045, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patricia A López
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Tecnologı́a Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Paloma Lozano-Picazo
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Tecnologı́a Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Michael Thorpe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Box 7045, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Tecnologı́a Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Tecnologı́a Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Box 7045, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
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33
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Li H, Chen S, Piao S, An T, Wang C. Production of artificial synthetic spidroin gene 4S-transgenic cloned sheep embryos using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 32:616-626. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1737098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Shanhua Piao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Tiezhu An
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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34
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Nephila edulis-breeding and care under laboratory conditions. Dev Genes Evol 2020; 230:203-211. [PMID: 32006088 PMCID: PMC7127998 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-020-00649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to fascinating mechanical and biological characteristics spider silk is of great interest in many research fields. Among the orb-weavers Nephila edulis is one of the species used as source for natural spider silk in laboratories. Under appropriate conditions, animals can be kept and bred easily. This manuscript gives information about the spiders’ natural habitat, behavior, and breeding and compares them with the established methods and conditions within a research laboratory. Keeping conditions and methods of rearing are described in detail. Within a keeping facility with reliable supply of food, cannibalism rate is significantly reduced and spiders mate all year long. Cohabitants of the genus Steatoda are routinely found in laboratory keeping. While these small spiders do not pose a threat to Nephila edulis, cellar spiders (family Pholcidae) have to be extracted as they have been observed hunting for Nephila spiders.
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35
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Aigner T, Haynl C, Salehi S, O'Connor A, Scheibel T. Nerve guidance conduit design based on self-rolling tubes. Mater Today Bio 2020; 5:100042. [PMID: 32159159 PMCID: PMC7063334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current gold standard in peripheral nerve repair is nerve autografts for bridging gaps larger than a centimeter. However, autografts are associated with a low availability and the loss of function at the donor site. Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials reflect suitable alternatives. Clinically approved NGCs comprise either wraps that are rolled around the loose ends of the nerve or steady-state tubes; however, both lack internal guidance structures. Here, we established self-rolling NGCs to allow for gentle encapsulation of nerve cells together with supportive microenvironments, such as (1) an inner tube wall coating with a bioactive spider silk film, (2) an inner tube wall lining using an anisotropic spider silk non-woven mat, or (3) a luminal filler using an anisotropic collagen cryogel. Neuronal cells adhered and differentiated inside the modified tubes and formed neurites, which were oriented along the guidance structures provided by the spider silk non-woven mat or by the fibrillary structure of the collagen cryogel. Thus, our size-adaptable NGCs provide several features useful for peripheral nerve repair, and distinct combinations of the used elements might support and enhance the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.B. Aigner
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biomaterials, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str.1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C. Haynl
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biomaterials, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str.1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S. Salehi
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biomaterials, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str.1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A. O'Connor
- University of Melbourne, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - T. Scheibel
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biomaterials, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str.1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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36
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In vitro construction of artificial blood vessels using spider silk as a supporting matrix. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 101:103436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Pawar K, Welzel G, Haynl C, Schuster S, Scheibel T. Recombinant Spider Silk and Collagen-Based Nerve Guidance Conduits Support Neuronal Cell Differentiation and Functionality in Vitro. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4872-4880. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Pawar
- Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Christian Haynl
- Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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38
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Spider (Linothele megatheloides) and silkworm (Bombyx mori) silks: Comparative physical and biological evaluation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 107:110197. [PMID: 31761195 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Silks, in particular silkworm silks, have been studied for decades as possible candidate materials for biomedical applications. Recently, great attentions have been paid to spider silks, mainly due to their unique and remarkable mechanical properties. Both materials express singular interactions with cells through specific biorecognition moieties on the core proteins making up the two silks. In this work, the silk from a Colombian spider, Linothele megatheloides (LM), which produces a single type of silk in a relatively large amount, was studied in comparison with silk from Bombyx mori silkworm, before and after degumming, with the evaluation of their chemical, mechanical and biological properties. Unexpected biological features in cell culture tests were found for the LM silk already at very early stage, so suggesting further investigation to explore its use for tailored biomedical applications.
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39
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Yilmaz-Bayraktar S, Schwieger J, Scheper V, Lenarz T, Böer U, Kreienmeyer M, Torrente M, Doll T. Decellularized equine carotid artery layers as matrix for regenerated neurites of spiral ganglion neurons. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 43:332-342. [PMID: 31434531 PMCID: PMC7221869 DOI: 10.1177/0391398819868481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Today’s best solution in compensating for sensorineural hearing loss is the cochlear implant, which electrically stimulates the spiral ganglion neurons in the inner ear. An optimum hearing impression is not ensured due to, among other reasons, a remaining anatomical gap between the spiral ganglion neurons and the implant electrodes. The gap could be bridged via pharmacologically triggered neurite growth toward the electrodes if biomaterials for neurite guidance could be provided. For this, we investigated the suitability of decellularized tissue. We compared three different layers (tunica adventitia, tunica media, and tunica intima) of decellularized equine carotid arteries in a preliminary approach. Rat spiral ganglia explants were cultured on decellularized equine carotid artery layers and neurite sprouting was assessed quantitatively. Generally, neurite outgrowth was possible and it was most prominent on the intima (in average 83 neurites per spiral ganglia explants, followed by the adventitia (62 neurites) and the lowest growth on the media (20 neurites). Thus, decellularized equine carotid arteries showed promising effects on neurite regeneration and can be developed further as efficient biomaterials for neural implants in hearing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheda Yilmaz-Bayraktar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Schwieger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4All, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4All, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Böer
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michaela Kreienmeyer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariela Torrente
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Theodor Doll
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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40
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Nanostructured, Self-Assembled Spider Silk Materials for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:187-221. [PMID: 31713200 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The extraordinary mechanical properties of spider silk fibers result from the interplay of composition, structure and self-assembly of spider silk proteins (spidroins). Genetic approaches enabled the biotechnological production of recombinant spidroins which have been employed to unravel the self-assembly and spinning process. Various processing conditions allowed to explore non-natural morphologies including nanofibrils, particles, capsules, hydrogels, films or foams. Recombinant spider silk proteins and materials made thereof can be utilized for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering or 3D-biomanufacturing.
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41
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Resch A, Wolf S, Mann A, Weiss T, Stetco AL, Radtke C. Co-Culturing Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells and Schwann Cells on Spider Silk-A New Approach as Prerequisite for Enhanced Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E71. [PMID: 30586946 PMCID: PMC6337114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast recovery is crucial for a successful nerve repair and an optimal functional outcome after peripheral nerve injury. Regarding donor site morbidity, autologous transplantation shows great limitations, which urge the need for alternative options in nerve reconstruction. Spider silk was reported as an advantageous material for cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, and its use in conduits is of great interest, especially in combination with cells to improve nerve regeneration. We here described the behavior of a co-culture of human Schwann cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on spider silk as a new approach. After characterized by immunostaining ADSCs and Schwann cells were seeded in the co-culture on a spider silk scaffold and observed for 21 days. Results showed that cells were attached to the silk and aligned along the silk fibers. With further culture time, cells migrated along the silk and increased in number and formed an almost confluent cell layer. In immunostaining, results suggest that the cell layer was equally composed of ADSCs and Schwann cells. In conclusion, we showed that by providing a guiding structure for directed growth and cells to support nerve regeneration and remyelination, a valid alternative to autologous nerve grafts could have been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Resch
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Wolf
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anda Mann
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tamara Weiss
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexandra-Larissa Stetco
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christine Radtke
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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42
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Nerve grafting for peripheral nerve injuries with extended defect sizes. Wien Med Wochenschr 2018; 169:240-251. [PMID: 30547373 PMCID: PMC6538587 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-018-0675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Artificial and non-artificial nerve grafts are the gold standard in peripheral nerve reconstruction in cases with extensive loss of nerve tissue, particularly where a direct end-to-end suture or an autologous nerve graft is inauspicious. Different materials are marketed and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for peripheral nerve graft reconstruction. The most frequently used materials are collagen and poly(DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone). Only one human nerve allograft is listed for peripheral nerve reconstruction by the FDA. All marketed nerve grafts are able to demonstrate sufficient nerve regeneration over small distances not exceeding 3.0 cm. A key question in the field is whether nerve reconstruction on large defect lengths extending 4.0 cm or more is possible. This review gives a summary of current clinical and experimental approaches in peripheral nerve surgery using artificial and non-artificial nerve grafts in short and long distance nerve defects. Strategies to extend nerve graft lengths for long nerve defects, such as enhancing axonal regeneration, include the additional application of Schwann cells, mesenchymal stem cells or supporting co-factors like growth factors on defect sizes between 4.0 and 8.0 cm.
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43
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Magaz A, Faroni A, Gough JE, Reid AJ, Li X, Blaker JJ. Bioactive Silk-Based Nerve Guidance Conduits for Augmenting Peripheral Nerve Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800308. [PMID: 30260575 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Repair of peripheral nerve injuries depends upon complex biology stemming from the manifold and challenging injury-healing processes of the peripheral nervous system. While surgical treatment options are available, they tend to be characterized by poor clinical outcomes for the injured patients. This is particularly apparent in the clinical management of a nerve gap whereby nerve autograft remains the best clinical option despite numerous limitations; in addition, effective repair becomes progressively more difficult with larger gaps. Nerve conduit strategies based on tissue engineering approaches and the use of silk as scaffolding material have attracted much attention in recent years to overcome these limitations and meet the clinical demand of large gap nerve repair. This review examines the scientific advances made with silk-based conduits for peripheral nerve repair. The focus is on enhancing bioactivity of the conduits in terms of physical guidance cues, inner wall and lumen modification, and imbuing novel conductive functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Magaz
- Bio‐Active Materials GroupSchool of MaterialsMSS TowerThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis, Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Alessandro Faroni
- Blond McIndoe LaboratoriesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Julie E. Gough
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Adam J. Reid
- Blond McIndoe LaboratoriesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Department of Plastic Surgery and BurnsWythenshawe HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M23 9LT UK
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis, Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jonny J. Blaker
- Bio‐Active Materials GroupSchool of MaterialsMSS TowerThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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44
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Liebsch C, Bucan V, Menger B, Köhne F, Waldmann KH, Vaslaitis D, Vogt PM, Strauss S, Kuhbier JW. Preliminary investigations of spider silk in wounds in vivo — Implications for an innovative wound dressing. Burns 2018; 44:1829-1838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Yi S, Xu L, Gu X. Scaffolds for peripheral nerve repair and reconstruction. Exp Neurol 2018; 319:112761. [PMID: 29772248 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trauma-associated peripheral nerve defect is a widespread clinical problem. Autologous nerve grafting, the current gold standard technique for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, has many internal disadvantages. Emerging studies showed that tissue engineered nerve graft is an effective substitute to autologous nerves. Tissue engineered nerve graft is generally composed of neural scaffolds and incorporating cells and molecules. A variety of biomaterials have been used to construct neural scaffolds, the main component of tissue engineered nerve graft. Synthetic polymers (e.g. silicone, polyglycolic acid, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) and natural materials (e.g. chitosan, silk fibroin, and extracellular matrix components) are commonly used along or together to build neural scaffolds. Many other materials, including the extracellular matrix, glass fabrics, ceramics, and metallic materials, have also been used to construct neural scaffolds. These biomaterials are fabricated to create specific structures and surface features. Seeding supporting cells and/or incorporating neurotrophic factors to neural scaffolds further improve restoration effects. Preliminary studies demonstrate that clinical applications of these neural scaffolds achieve satisfactory functional recovery. Therefore, tissue engineered nerve graft provides a good alternative to autologous nerve graft and represents a promising frontier in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yi
- Key laboratory of neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Key laboratory of neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key laboratory of neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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46
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Zhou Y, Rising A, Johansson J, Meng Q. Production and Properties of Triple Chimeric Spidroins. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2825-2833. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Zhou
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qing Meng
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
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47
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Gennari CG, Cilurzo F, Mitro N, Caruso D, Minghetti P, Magnaghi V. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of silk fibroin functionalized with GABA and allopregnanolone for Schwann cell and neuron survival. Regen Med 2017; 13:141-157. [PMID: 29160149 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This in vitro and in vivo study reports on silk fibroin (SF) scaffold, functionalized for in situ delivery of GABA and/or allopregnanolone (ALLO), as biomaterial for potential application in tissue engineering and nerve regeneration. MATERIALS & METHODS We evaluated the feasibility to design 2D scaffolds (films) made of regenerated Bombyx mori SF, functionalized with GABA and/or ALLO to enhance in vitro biological functions, health, survival and growth of Schwann cells and sensitive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Our 2D-SF film showed an efficient loading and controllable release of drugs promoting nerve regeneration. SF functionalized film may be helpful for the development of bioengineered conduits and, in principle, have great potential for long-gap nerve injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gm Gennari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological & Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological & Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Minghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological & Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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48
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Zhang XF, Liu HX, Ortiz LS, Xiao ZD, Huang NP. Laminin-modified and aligned poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/polyethylene oxide nanofibrous nerve conduits promote peripheral nerve regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e627-e636. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Lazarus Santiago Ortiz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Dang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ning-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing P. R. China
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Panagopoulos GN, Megaloikonomos PD, Mavrogenis AF. The Present and Future for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Orthopedics 2017; 40:e141-e156. [PMID: 27783836 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20161019-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury can have a potentially devastating impact on a patient's quality of life, resulting in severe disability with substantial social and personal cost. Refined microsurgical techniques, advances in peripheral nerve topography, and a better understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular basis of nerve injury have all led to a decisive leap forward in the field of translational neurophysiology. Nerve repair, nerve grafting, and nerve transfers have improved significantly with consistently better functional outcomes. Direct nerve repair with epineural microsutures is still the surgical treatment of choice when a tension-free coaptation in a well-vascularized bed can be achieved. In the presence of a significant gap (>2-3 cm) between the proximal and distal nerve stumps, primary end-to-end nerve repair often is not possible; in these cases, nerve grafting is the treatment of choice. Indications for nerve transfer include brachial plexus injuries, especially avulsion type, with long distance from target motor end plates, delayed presentation, segmental loss of nerve function, and broad zone of injury with dense scarring. Current experimental research in peripheral nerve regeneration aims to accelerate the process of regeneration using pharmacologic agents, bioengineering of sophisticated nerve conduits, pluripotent stem cells, and gene therapy. Several small molecules, peptides, hormones, neurotoxins, and growth factors have been studied to improve and accelerate nerve repair and regeneration by reducing neuronal death and promoting axonal outgrowth. Targeting specific steps in molecular pathways also allows for purposeful pharmacologic intervention, potentially leading to a better functional recovery after nerve injury. This article summarizes the principles of nerve repair and the current concepts of peripheral nerve regeneration research, as well as future perspectives. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(1):e141-e156.].
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Natural Occurring Silks and Their Analogues as Materials for Nerve Conduits. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101754. [PMID: 27775616 PMCID: PMC5085779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider silk and its synthetic derivatives have a light weight in combination with good strength and elasticity. Their high cytocompatibility and low immunogenicity make them well suited for biomaterial products such as nerve conduits. Silk proteins slowly degrade enzymatically in vivo, thus allowing for an initial therapeutic effect such as in nerve scaffolding to facilitate endogenous repair processes, and then are removed. Silks are biopolymers naturally produced by many species of arthropods including spiders, caterpillars and mites. The silk fibers are secreted by the labial gland of the larvae of some orders of Holometabola (insects with pupa) or the spinnerets of spiders. The majority of studies using silks for biomedical applications use materials from silkworms or spiders, mostly of the genus Nephila clavipes. Silk is one of the most promising biomaterials with effects not only in nerve regeneration, but in a number of regenerative applications. The development of silks for human biomedical applications is of high scientific and clinical interest. Biomaterials in use for biomedical applications have to meet a number of requirements such as biocompatibility and elicitation of no more than a minor inflammatory response, biodegradability in a reasonable time and specific structural properties. Here we present the current status in the field of silk-based conduit development for nerve repair and discuss current advances with regard to potential clinical transfer of an implantable nerve conduit for enhancement of nerve regeneration.
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