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Hussain MS, Afzal O, Gupta G, Altamimi ASA, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Kukreti N, Gupta S, Sulakhiya K, Singh SK, Dua K. Probing the links: Long non-coding RNAs and NF-κB signalling in atherosclerosis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154773. [PMID: 37647827 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves the accumulation of lipids and immune cells in the arterial wall. NF-kB signaling is a key regulator of inflammation and is known to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs can regulate NF-kB and contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Preliminary findings reveal significant alterations in the expression of specific lncRNAs in atherosclerotic lesions compared to healthy arterial tissue. Experimental evidence suggests that these dysregulated lncRNAs can influence the NF-kB pathway. By unravelling the crosstalk between lncRNAs and NF-kB signaling, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. Identifying novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers may lead to developing interventions and management strategies for this prevalent cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of lncRNAs in NF-kB signaling in atherosclerosis and highlights their potential as therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, 302017 Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India.
| | | | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Neuro Pharmacology Research Laboratory (NPRL), Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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He J, Pang Q, Huang C, Xie J, Hu J, Wang L, Wang C, Meng L, Fan R. Environmental dose of 16 priority-controlled PAHs mixture induce damages of vascular endothelial cells involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105296. [PMID: 34896602 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that cardiovascular diseases caused by PM2.5 pollution account for the second death rate in China. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one important group of persistent organic pollutants absorbed on PM2.5. Though individual PAH is related to vascular disease, the relationship between environmental PAHs exposure and vascular damages is still unclear. To explore the effect of PAHs on blood vessel, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are treated with 16 priority-controlled PAHs at various concentrations to study their cytotoxicity and morphological alteration. Results showed that, after 48 h treatment, PAHs mixture generally attenuated the ability of wound healing, transwell migration and tube formation of HUVECs (p < 0.01) except for 1 × PAHs in transwell migration. Moreover, PAHs increased the levels of ROS and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (p < 0.05), indicating that it exceeded the scavenging ability of superoxide dismutase activity. However, PAHs mixture did not increase apoptosis rate, which may be attribute to the difference of PAH concentration and composition between this study and previous reports. Downstream signaling cascades significantly and generally upregulated the relative expression of proteins in Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-ƙB/TNF-α pathway with the activation of oxidative stress, including HO-, TNF-α and Nrf2. In summary, this study suggests that environmental mixture of 16 priority-controlled PAHs can induce the damages of vascular endothelial cells involved in cellular oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qihua Pang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chengmeng Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jindian Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lingxue Meng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ruifang Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Lee AJ, Lim JW, Kim H. Ascorbic Acid Suppresses House Dust Mite-Induced Expression of Interleukin-8 in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:64-70. [PMID: 33842407 PMCID: PMC8020177 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) is one of the significant causes for airway inflammation such as asthma. It induces oxidative stress and an inflammatory response in the lungs through the release of chemokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate inflammatory signaling mediators such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and redox-sensitive transcription factors including NF-κB and AP-1. Ascorbic acid shows an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in various cells. It ameliorated the symptoms of HDM-induced rhinitis. The present study was aimed to investigate whether HDM could induce IL-8 expression through activation of MAPKs, NF-κB, and AP-1 and whether ascorbic acid could inhibit HDM-stimulated IL-8 expression by reducing ROS and suppressing activation of MAPKs, NF-κB, and AP-1 in respiratory epithelial H292 cells. H292 cells were treated with HDM (5 μg/mL) in the absence or presence of ascorbic acid (100 or 200 μM). HDM treatment increased ROS levels, and activated MAPKs, NF-κB, and AP-1 and thus, induced IL-8 expression in H292 cells. Ascorbic acid reduced ROS levels and inhibited activation of MAPKs, NF-κB and AP-1 and L-8 expression in H292 cells. In conclusion, consumption of ascorbic acid-rich foods may be beneficial for prevention of HDM-mediated respiratory inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress-mediated MAPK signaling pathways and activation of NF-kB and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Jun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK 21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK 21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK 21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Chen M, Chen C, Gao Y, Li D, Huang D, Chen Z, Zhao X, Huang Q, Wu D, Lai T, Su G, Wu B, Zhou B. Bergenin-activated SIRT1 inhibits TNF-α-induced proinflammatory response by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 62:101921. [PMID: 32615160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bergenin, a type of polyphenol compound, exhibits antiulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and burn wound-healing properties. However, its therapeutic effect on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced proinflammatory responses in the airway and potential mechanisms of actions are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of bergenin in TNF-α-stimulated human bronchial epithelial (16-HBE) cells. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. Cytokine expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunofluorescence, western blot, and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activity assays were employed to investigate potential molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Bergenin obviously decreased both mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukins 6 and 8 (IL-6 and IL-8) in TNF-α-stimulated 16-HBE cells. Bergenin blocked TNF-α-mediated activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Interestingly, RT-qPCR and western blotting results revealed that bergenin did not affect SIRT1 expression, but significantly increased its activity. Bergenin-mediated SIRT1 activation was further confirmed by results indicating decreased acetylation levels of NF-κB-p65 and p53. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of bergenin on mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were reversed by a SIRT1 inhibitor. In addition, combining bergenin and dexamethasone (DEX) yielded additive effects on the reduction of IL-6 and IL-8 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that bergenin could suppress TNF-α-induced proinflammatory responses by augmenting SIRT1 activity to block the NF-κB signaling pathway, which may provide beneficial effects for the treatment of airway inflammation associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Cuifen Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Xuanna Zhao
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Guomei Su
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Beixian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, Guangdong, 525200, PR China.
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Ueda Y, Nakagome K, Kobayashi T, Noguchi T, Soma T, Ohashi-Doi K, Tokuyama K, Nagata M. Dermatophagoides farinae Upregulates the Effector Functions of Eosinophils through αMβ2-Integrin and Protease-Activated Receptor-2. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 178:295-306. [PMID: 30630188 DOI: 10.1159/000495008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even in subjects who are not sensitized to house dust mite (HDM), allergic symptoms can be aggravated by exposure to dust, suggesting that innate immune responses may be involved in these processes. Since eosinophils express pattern recognition receptors, HDM may directly upregulate eosinophil functions through these re ceptors. The objective of this study was to examine whether Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), a representative HDM, or Der f 1, a major allergen of Df, modifies the effector functions of eosinophils. METHODS Eosinophils isolated from the blood of healthy donors or allergic patients were stimulated with Df extract or Der f 1, and their adhesion to recombinant human intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was measured using eosinophil peroxidase assays. Generation of the eosinophil superoxide anion (O2-) was examined based on the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) concentrations in cell media were measured by ELISA as a marker of degranulation. RESULTS Df extract or Der f 1 directly induced eosinophil adhesion to ICAM-1, O2- generation, and EDN release. Anti-αM- or anti-β2-integrin antibodies or protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 antagonists suppressed the eosinophil adhesion, O2- generation, and EDN release induced by Df extract or Der f 1. Eosinophils from allergic patients showed higher adhesion to ICAM-1 than those from healthy donors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that Df extract and Der f 1 directly activate eosinophil functions through αMβ2-integrin and PAR-2. Eosinophil activation by HDM may play roles in the aggravation of allergic symptoms, not only in HDM-sensitized patients, but also in nonsensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan, .,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Takehito Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Tokuyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Gu L, Wang Z, Zuo J, Li H, Zha L. Prognostic significance of NF-κB expression in non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198223. [PMID: 29813121 PMCID: PMC5973575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a key nuclear transcription factor, is associated with prognosis in a variety of human cancers. However, the clinical value of NF-κB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to obtain an accurate evaluation of the relationship between NF-κB expression and survival prognosis of NSCLC patients based on published articles. PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for potential articles. A total of 1159 patients from 7 eligible studies comparing prognostic significance of NF-κB expression levels in NSCLC were included in our meta-analysis. I2 statistic and P value were performed to evaluate heterogeneity. The results of analysis were presented as hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity of NSCLC patients and NF-kB cellular localization within cancer cells were conducted to illustrate the potential discrepancy. Significant heterogeneity was considered at I2>50% and P<0.05, and random-effects model was used. The combined results indicated that higher NF-κB expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients (HR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.51–5.12, P = 0.001). Moreover, NF-κB expression was closely associated with tumor stage (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.18–0.57, P<0.0001), lymph node metastasis (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.38–0.83, P = 0.004) and 5-year OS for NSCLC patients (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.02–3.31, P = 0.04). We conclude that NF-κB expression may be a potential unfavorable prognostic marker for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Gu
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Nanlou Health Care Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Clinical Center of Spaceport, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center of Spaceport, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (LZ)
| | - Lin Zha
- Clinical Center of Spaceport, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center of Spaceport, The 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (LZ)
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Tilborghs S, Corthouts J, Verhoeven Y, Arias D, Rolfo C, Trinh XB, van Dam PA. The role of Nuclear Factor-kappa B signaling in human cervical cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 120:141-150. [PMID: 29198328 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF-kB) family consists of transcription factors that play a complex and essential role in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. NF-kB has recently generated considerable interest as it has been implicated in human cancer initiation, progression and resistance to treatment. In the present comprehensive review the different aspects of NF-kB signaling in the carcinogenesis of cancer of the uterine cervix are discussed. NF-kB functions as part of a network, which determines the pattern of its effects on the expression of several other genes (such as crosstalks with reactive oxygen species, p53, STAT3 and miRNAS) and thus its function. Activation of NF-kB triggered by a HPV infection is playing an important role in the innate and adaptive immune response of the host. The virus induces down regulation of NF-kB to liquidate the inhibitory activity for its replication triggered by the immune system leading a status of persistant HPV infection. During the progression to high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer NF-KB becomes constitutionally activated again. Mutations in NF-kB genes are rare in solid tumors but mutations of upstream signaling molecules such as RAS, EGFR, PGF, HER2 have been implicated in elevated NF-kB signaling. NF-kB can stimulate transcription of proliferation regulating genes (eg. cyclin D1 and c-myc), genes involved in metastasis, VEGF dependent angiogenesis and cell immortality by telomerase. NF-kB activation can also induce the expression of activation-induced cytodine deaminase (AID) and the APOBEC proteins, providing a mechanistic link between the NF-kB pathway and mutagenic characteristic of cervical cancer. Inhibition of NF-kB has the potential to be used to reverse resistance to radiotherapy and systemic anti-cancer medication, but currently no clinicaly active NF-kB targeting strategies are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Tilborghs
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA) Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jerome Corthouts
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA) Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Yannick Verhoeven
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA) Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - David Arias
- Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit & Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Belgium
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA) Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit & Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Belgium
| | - Xuan Bich Trinh
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA) Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Antwerp University Hospital & Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Belgium
| | - Peter A van Dam
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA) Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Antwerp University Hospital & Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Belgium.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes generally associated with type 2 immune responses. They can contribute to protection against helminths but also mediate pro-inflammatory functions during allergic immune responses. Only recently, eosinophils were also found to exert many other functions such as regulation of glucose and fat metabolism, thermogenesis, survival of plasma cells, and antitumor activity. The mechanisms that control eosinophil development and survival are only partially understood. RECENT FINDINGS Here we review new findings regarding the role of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic factors for eosinophilopoiesis and eosinophil homeostasis. Several reports provide new insights in the regulation of eosinophil development by transcription factors, miRNAs and epigenetic modifications. Danger signals like lipopolysaccharide or alarmins can activate eosinophils but also prolong their lifespan. We further reflect on the observations that eosinophil development is tightly controlled by the unfolded protein stress response and formation of cytoplasmic granules. SUMMARY Eosinophils emerge as important regulators of diverse biological processes. Their differentiation and survival is tightly regulated by factors that are still poorly understood. Newly identified pathways involved in eosinophilopoiesis and eosinophil homeostasis may lead to development of new therapeutic options for treatment of eosinophil-associated diseases.
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Abstract
Chromosome 17q21 contains a cluster of genes including ORMDL3 and GSDMB, which have been highly linked to asthma in genome-wide association studies. ORMDL3 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and regulates downstream pathways including sphingolipids, metalloproteases, remodeling genes, and chemokines. ORMDL3 inhibits serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase, the rate-limiting enzyme for sphingolipid biosynthesis. In addition, ORMDL3 activates the ATF6α branch of the unfolded protein response which regulates SERCA2b and IL-6, pathways of potential importance to asthma. The SNP-linking chromosome 17q21 to asthma is associated with increased ORMDL3 and GSDMB expression. Mice expressing either increased levels of human ORMDL3, or human GSDMB, have an asthma phenotype characterized by increased airway responsiveness and increased airway remodeling (increased smooth muscle and fibrosis) in the absence of airway inflammation. GSDMB regulates expression of 5-LO and TGF-β1 which are known pathways involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. GSDMB is one of four members of the GSDM family (GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDMD). GSDMD (located on chromosome 8q24 and not linked to asthma) has emerged as a key mediator of pyroptosis. GSDMD is a key component of the NLPR3 inflammasome and is required for its activation. GSDMD undergoes proteolytic cleavage by caspase-1 to release its N-terminal fragment, which in turn mediates pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion. Chromosome 17q21 has not only been linked to asthma but also to type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis suggesting that future insights into the biology of genes located in this region will increase our understanding of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Das
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Marina Miller
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are obstructive airway disorders which differ in their underlying causes and phenotypes but overlap in patterns of pharmacological treatments. In both asthma and COPD, oxidative stress contributes to airway inflammation by inducing inflammatory gene expression. The redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (NF-κB), is an important participant in a broad spectrum of inflammatory networks that regulate cytokine activity in airway pathology. The anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids (GCs), a mainstay treatment for asthma, involve inhibition of NF-κB induced gene transcription. Ligand bound GC receptors (GRs) bind NF-κB to suppress the transcription of NF-κB responsive genes (i.e., transrepression). However, in severe asthma and COPD, the transrepression of NF-κB by GCs is negated as a consequence of post-translational changes to GR and histones involved in chromatin remodeling. Therapeutics which target NF-κB activation, including inhibitors of IκB kinases (IKKs) are potential treatments for asthma and COPD. Furthermore, reversing GR/histone acetylation shows promise as a strategy to treat steroid refractory airway disease by augmenting NF-κB transrepression. This review examines NF-κB signaling in airway inflammation and its potential as target for treatment of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schuliga
- Lung Health Research Centre (LHRC), Department Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Grattan St., Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
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Ilmarinen P, Moilanen E, Kankaanranta H. Regulation of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis-a neglected area of importance. J Cell Death 2014; 7:1-9. [PMID: 25278781 PMCID: PMC4167313 DOI: 10.4137/jcd.s13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils in the airways in most phenotypes. Eosinophils are inflammatory cells that require an external survival-prolonging stimulus such as granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-5, or IL-3 for survival. In their absence, eosinophils are programmed to die by spontaneous apoptosis in a few days. Eosinophil apoptosis can be accelerated by Fas ligation or by pharmacological agents such as glucocorticoids. Evidence exists for the relevance of these survival-prolonging and pro-apoptotic agents in the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation in inflamed airways. Much less is known about the physiological significance and mechanisms of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis even though it forms the basis of regulation of eosinophil longevity by pathophysiological factors and pharmacological agents. This review concentrates on discussing the mechanisms of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis compared to those of glucocorticoid- and Fas-induced apoptosis. We aim to answer the question whether the external apoptotic stimuli only augment the ongoing pathway of spontaneous apoptosis or truly activate a specific pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinja Ilmarinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, School of Medicine University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, School of Medicine University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, School of Medicine University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Pucheu-Haston CM, Kasparek KA, Stout RW, Kearney MT, Hammerberg B. Effects of pentoxifylline on immediate and late-phase cutaneous reactions in response to anti-immunoglobulin E antibodies in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:152-60. [PMID: 24471751 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the effects of pentoxifylline on the gross and microscopic variables associated with immediate and late-phase inflammation following injection of IgE-specific antibodies in the skin of clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURES Intradermal injections (0.1 mL each) of PBS solution, histamine phosphate, and cross-linking rabbit-origin anti-canine IgE antibodies (3 injections/dog) were administered at 0 hours on day 0; wheal sizes were evaluated at 20 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours. Biopsy specimens of injected and noninjected skin were collected 24 hours after injection. On day 2, treatment with pentoxifylline (20 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h) was initiated and continued until day 30. For each dog, injection, measurement, and biopsy procedures were repeated on days 30 to 31 and on days 37 to 38 (ie, after discontinuation of pentoxifylline administration). RESULTS Pentoxifylline administration was associated with a significant decrease in wheal size at 6 and 24 hours (but not at 20 minutes) after injection of anti-canine IgE. Repeated injections performed 1 week after drug discontinuation revealed partial recovery of the 6-hour cutaneous reaction and complete recovery of the 24-hour cutaneous reaction. Pentoxifylline administration was also associated with inhibition of mast cell degranulation and significant decreases in the total numbers of cutaneous inflammatory cells and eosinophils, compared with pretreatment findings. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In clinically normal dogs, pentoxifylline effectively impaired late-phase reactions but not immediate reactions at sites of intradermal injection of IgE-specific antibodies by inhibiting mast cell degranulation and recruitment of cutaneous inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie M Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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Ha SG, Ge XN, Bahaie NS, Kang BN, Rao A, Rao SP, Sriramarao P. ORMDL3 promotes eosinophil trafficking and activation via regulation of integrins and CD48. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2479. [PMID: 24056518 PMCID: PMC3940275 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ORM (yeast)-like protein isoform 3 (ORMDL3) has recently been identified as a candidate gene for susceptibility to asthma; however, the mechanisms by which it contributes to asthma pathogenesis are not well understood. Here we demonstrate a functional role for ORMDL3 in eosinophils in the context of allergic inflammation. Eosinophils recruited to the airways of allergen-challenged mice express ORMDL3. ORMDL3 expression in bone marrow eosinophils is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and is induced by interleukin-3 and eotaxin-1. Overexpression of ORMDL3 in eosinophils causes increased rolling, distinct cytoskeletal rearrangement, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (1/2) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B. Knockdown of ORMDL3 significantly inhibits activation-induced cell shape changes, adhesion and recruitment to sites of inflammation in vivo, combined with reduced expression of CD49d and CD18. In addition, ORMDL3 regulates interleukin-3-induced expression of CD48 and CD48-mediated eosinophil degranulation. These studies show that ORMDL3 regulates eosinophil trafficking, recruitment and degranulation, further elucidating a role for this molecule in allergic asthma and potentially other eosinophilic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gil Ha
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Inflammation, Departments of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Xiao Na Ge
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Inflammation, Departments of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Nooshin S. Bahaie
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Inflammation, Departments of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Bit Na Kang
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Inflammation, Departments of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Amrita Rao
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Inflammation, Departments of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Savita P. Rao
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Inflammation, Departments of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - P. Sriramarao
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Inflammation, Departments of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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Jacquet A. The role of innate immunity activation in house dust mite allergy. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:604-11. [PMID: 21741880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) allergy is a frequent inflammatory disease found worldwide. Although allergen-specific CD4(+) Th2 cells orchestrate the HDM allergic response, notably through induction of IgE directed towards mite allergens, recent studies have demonstrated that innate immunity activation also plays a critical role in HDM-induced allergy pathogenesis. HDM allergens can not only be considered proteins that induce adaptive Th2-biased responses in susceptible subjects but also as strong activators of innate immune cells, including skin keratinocytes and airway epithelial cells. The contribution of microbial adjuvant factors, derived from HDM carriers or the environment, is also essential in such cell stimulation. This review highlights how HDM allergens, together with microbial compounds, promote allergic responses through pattern recognition receptor-dependent pathways.
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Ye BQ, Geng ZH, Ma L, Geng JG. Slit2 regulates attractive eosinophil and repulsive neutrophil chemotaxis through differential srGAP1 expression during lung inflammation. J Immunol 2010; 185:6294-305. [PMID: 20944010 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Directional migration of leukocytes is an essential step in leukocyte trafficking during inflammatory responses. However, the molecular mechanisms governing directional chemotaxis of leukocytes remain poorly understood. The Slit family of guidance cues has been implicated for inhibition of leuocyte migration. We report that Clara cells in the bronchial epithelium secreted Slit2, whereas eosinophils and neutrophils expressed its cell-surface receptor, Robo1. Compared to neutrophils, eosinophils exhibited a significantly lower level of Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 1 (srGAP1), leading to activation of Cdc42, recruitment of PI3K to Robo1, enhancment of eotaxin-induced eosinophil chemotaxis, and exaggeration of allergic airway inflammation. Notably, OVA sensitization elicited a Slit2 gradient at so-called bronchus-alveoli axis, with a higher level of Slit2 in the bronchial epithelium and a lower level in the alveolar tissue. Aerosol administration of rSlit2 accelerated eosinophil infiltration, whereas i.v. administered Slit2 reduced eosinophil deposition. In contrast, Slit2 inactivated Cdc42 and suppressed stromal cell-derived factor-1α-induced chemotaxis of neutrophils for inhibiting endotoxin-induced lung inflammation, which were reversed by blockade of srGAP1 binding to Robo1. These results indicate that the newly identified Slit2 gradient at the bronchus-alveoli axis induces attractive PI3K signaling in eosinophils and repulsive srGAP1 signaling in neutrophils through differential srGAP1 expression during lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Qing Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha correlates with eosinophilic inflammation that occurs during a lower respiratory tract infection with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children. Sixty children with RSV bronchiolitis (RSV group) and 20 healthy children with no respiratory symptoms (Control group) were enrolled. We measured the nasal lavage fluid (NLF) Th2 cytokine (IL-5), proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-8), eosinophil-active cytokine [granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-gamma], and eosinophil-active chemokine (eotaxin, regulated on activation normal T cell excreted and secreted) levels for both groups. We also measured serum eosinophil-degranulation product (eosinophil-derived neurotoxin; EDN, eosinophil cationic protein; ECP) levels from RSV group. TNF-alpha, IL-8, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and eotaxin levels were significantly higher in the RSV group compared with the Control group. TNF-alpha correlated with GM-CSF (r = 0.87, p < 0.0001), IFN-gamma (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001), eotaxin (r = 0.64, p < 0.0001), and IL-8 (r = 0.84, p < 0.0001). TNF-alpha may have an important role in eosinophilic inflammation of airways in children with RSV bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungi Choi
- Department of Pediatrics and Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Chuang CY, Chang CH, Huang YL. Thioredoxin mediates remodeling factors of human bronchial epithelial cells upon interaction with house dust mite-stimulated eosinophils. Inhal Toxicol 2009; 21:153-67. [PMID: 18800270 DOI: 10.1080/08958370802368730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells exposed to allergens typically secrete chemokines to recruit eosinophils. Persistent inflammation and repair responses result in airway remodeling and irreversible airflow limitation. House dust mite (HDM) is a common allergen causing allergic disorders. Thioredoxin (TRX) is a redox protein that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study was to elucidate how TRX mediates gene expression of remodeling factors of human bronchial epithelial cells in response to HDM stimuli interacting with eosinophils. This study cultured normal human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells with eosinophils exposed to 0.5 microg/ml recombinant Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 (rDer p1) protease to mimic the allergen-immune reaction. Eosinophils were induced by rDer p1 protease to secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and generate ROS. When cultured with rDer p1-stimulated eosinophils, BEAS-2B cells released interleukin-6 and underwent apoptosis. The HDM-stimulated eosinophils applied oxidative stress and apoptosis to BEAS-2B cells through the release of mediators. Damaged BEAS-2B cells interfered with gene expression of remodeling factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (p21(waf)) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, relevant to inflammatory response and epithelial repair in airway remodeling. Notably, BEAS-2B cells over-expressing TRX reduced eosinophil-derived apoptosis and suppressed underlying airway remodeling via attenuation of TGF-beta1, EGFR and p21(waf) and up-regulation of MMP9 expression. Results of this study indicated TRX-over-expressing bronchial epithelial cells attenuated TGF-beta1 and activated MMP9 expression to prevent airway remodeling from HDM-induced inflammation. The finding can be as a reference for further therapeutic studies of TRX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Lee J, Kim IS, Yun C. Secretion of MCP‐1, IL‐8 and IL‐6 induced by house dust mite,dermatophagoides pteronissinusin human eosinophilic EOL‐1 cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2009.9647234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
The house dust mite (HDM) is considered to be the most common indoor allergen associated with bronchial asthma. In this study, we investigated whether crude extract of the HDM Dermatophagoides farinae could activate human eosinophilic leukemic cells (EoL-1) to induce upregulation of cell-surface adhesion molecules. When EoL-1 cells were incubated with D. farinae extract, expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) significantly increased on the cell surfaces compared to cells incubated with medium alone. In contrast, surface expression of CD11b and CD49d in EoL-1 cells was not affected by D. farinae extract. In addition, pretreatment of cells with NF-kappaB inhibitor (MG-132) or JNK inhibitor (SP600125) significantly inhibited ICAM-1 expression promoted by HDM extract. However, neither p38 MAP kinase inhibitor nor MEK inhibitor prevented HDM-induced ICAM-1 expression in EoL-1 cells. These results suggest that crude extract of D. farinae induces ICAM-1 expression in EoL-1 cells through signaling pathways involving both NF-kappaB and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Chul Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Biomolecule Secretion Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Biomolecule Secretion Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Biomolecule Secretion Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Biomolecule Secretion Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Earn Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Biomolecule Secretion Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Heon Shin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Matsuyama W, Mitsuyama H, Ono M, Shirahama Y, Higashimoto I, Osame M, Arimura K. Discoidin domain receptor 1 contributes to eosinophil survival in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Blood 2006; 109:22-30. [PMID: 16968898 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-015206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a systemic disease that shows marked eosinophilia along with eosinophil infiltration in the tissue. Prolonged eosinophil survival plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CSS; however, its detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, and its ligand is collagen. DDR1 was expressed in human leukocytes and fibroblasts, and it plays an important role in leukocyte cytokine production and fibroblast survival in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner. In this study, we examined in vitro and in vivo eosinophil DDR1 expression and its function in CSS patients. The expression level of DDR1 was significantly higher in the eosinophils of CSS patients, and the predominant isoform was DDR1b. Immunohistochemical findings revealed that the tissue-infiltrating eosinophils expressed endogenous DDR1. In CSS patients, DDR1 activation inhibited Fas agonistic antibody-induced apoptosis and up-regulated Fas agonistic antibody-induced cytokine production of eosinophils in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner. Suppression of DDR1 expression in the eosinophils by using RNA interference and addition of the DDR1-blocking protein abolished these effects. We propose that DDR1 contributes to the eosinophil survival in the tissue microenvironment of CSS and that it might be involved in the development of CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Matsuyama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory and Stress Care Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
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Malm-Erjefält M, Greiff L, Ankerst J, Andersson M, Wallengren J, Cardell LO, Rak S, Persson CGA, Erjefält JS. Circulating eosinophils in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis lack morphological signs of degranulation. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 35:1334-40. [PMID: 16238793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In allergic diseases, eosinophils in affected tissues release granule proteins with cytotoxic, immunoregulatory, and remodelling-promoting properties. From recent observations, it may be assumed that eosinophils degranulate already in circulating blood. If degranulation occurs in the circulation, this could contribute to widespread systemic effects and provide an important marker of disease. OBJECTIVE To determine the degranulation status of circulating eosinophils in common allergic diseases. METHODS Using a novel approach of whole blood fixation and leucocyte preparation, the granule morphology of blood eosinophils from healthy subjects, non-symptomatic patients, symptomatic patients with asthma, asthma and Churg-Strauss syndrome, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and eosinophil peroxidase (TEM) histochemistry. Plasma and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein were measured by fluoroenzymeimmunoassay. Selected tissue biopsies were examined by TEM. RESULTS Regardless of symptoms, circulating eosinophils from allergic patients showed the same granule morphology as cells from healthy subjects. The majority of eosinophil-specific granules had preserved intact electron-density (96%; range: 89-98%), while the remaining granules typically exhibited marginal coarsening or mild lucency of the matrix structure. Abnormalities of the crystalline granule core were rarely detected. Furthermore, granule matrix alterations were not associated with any re-localization of intracellular EPO or increase in plasma eosinophil cationic protein. By contrast, eosinophils in diseased tissues exhibited cytolysis (granule release through membrane rupture) and piecemeal degranulation (loss of granule matrix and core structures). CONCLUSION In symptomatic eosinophilic diseases, circulating blood eosinophils retain their granule contents until they have reached their target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malm-Erjefält
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, University of Lund, Sweden.
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