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Inflammation in Urological Malignancies: The Silent Killer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010866. [PMID: 36614308 PMCID: PMC9821648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the role of inflammation in promoting tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Neoplastic as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The tumor-associated inflammatory tissue is highly plastic, capable of continuously modifying its phenotypic and functional characteristics. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the development of urological cancers. Here, we review the origins of inflammation in urothelial, prostatic, renal, testicular, and penile cancers, focusing on the mechanisms that drive tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. We also discuss how tumor-associated inflammatory tissue may be a diagnostic marker of clinically significant tumor progression risk and the target for future anti-cancer therapies.
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Fernandes D, Barbeiro CDO, Palaçon MP, Biancardi MR, Ferrisse TM, Silveira HA, Castilho RM, de Almeida LY, Leon JE, Bufalino A. High density of CD8 T cell and immune imbalance of T lymphocytes subsets are associated with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Immunol Suppl 2023; 168:96-109. [PMID: 36056642 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OL) and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) are oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) that microscopically show no or varying degrees of dysplasia. Even sharing clinical and microscopic aspects, PVL shows a more aggressive clinical behaviour, with a malignant transformation rate greater than 40%. Inflammatory infiltrate associated with dysplastic lesions may favour malignant transformation of OPMDs. This study aimed to evaluate the density of T cells and cytokines in dysplastic lesions from OL and PVL patients. Additionally, we evaluated whether soluble products produced in vitro by dysplastic keratinocytes are capable of modulating apoptosis rates and Th phenotype (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The density of CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Cytokines and chemokines profile from frozen tissue samples were analysed using the LUMINEX system. Apoptosis rates and Th phenotype modulation were evaluated by flow cytometry. Our results showed an increase in the number of CD8 T cell in the subepithelial region from PVL dysplastic lesions in relation to OL samples. PVL showed increased levels of IL-5 and a decrease in IL-1β and IFN-γ levels compared to OL. Soluble products of PVL and oral carcinoma cell cultures were able to reduce apoptosis rate and promote an imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg. The high-subepithelial density of CD8 T cells and immune imbalance of T lymphocytes subsets probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of PVL and may explain its more aggressive behaviour in relation to OL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Fernandes
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Barbeiro
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Paravani Palaçon
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariel Ruivo Biancardi
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heitor Albergoni Silveira
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Luciana Yamamoto de Almeida
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Esquiche Leon
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (FORP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Bufalino
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Huang H, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Ma K, Luo Y. miR-628-5p is a Potential Novel Prognosis Biomarker, Associated with Immune Infiltration in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2477-2488. [PMID: 37916623 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128254621231017062923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNA-628-5p (miR-628-5p) has a significant impact on certain types of cancer. The precise function of miR-628-5p in the context of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) remains ambiguous. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the role of miR-628-5p in BLCA. METHODS The samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Statistics were employed to evaluate the correlation and predictive significance of miR-628-5p. We analyzed the target genes and regulatory network of miR-628-5p and the correlation between miR-628-5p and immune infiltration. The expression of miR-628-5p in BLCA cells was confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS miR-628-5p exhibited differential expression across various types of cancer. There was a significant association between high expression of miR-628-5p and primary therapy outcome (p < 0.05). High expression of miR-628-5p was observed to be associated with poorer overall survival (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.06-1.90; p = 0.02), progress free survival (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.17-2.11; p = 0.003), and disease specific survival (HR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.28-2.62; p = 0.001) in BLCA. miR-628-5p was an independent prognostic factor in BLCA and may be involved in the development of the disease through various pathways, including focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway, and among others. miR-628-5p expression was significantly correlated with immune infiltration in BLCA patients. Compared to normal bladder epithelial cells, BLCA cell lines exhibited a significant upregulation of miR-628-5p. CONCLUSION It is possible that miR-628-5p could serve as a hopeful therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for individuals with BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Jinping District, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Qingchun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Jinping District, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Yonghai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Jinping District, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Yizhou Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Jinping District, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Kaiqun Ma
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Jinping District, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Yingxun Luo
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Jinping District, Shantou 515031, China
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Fattahi S, Karimi M, Ghatreh-Samani M, Taheri F, Shirzad H, Mohammad Alibeigi F, Anjomshoa M, Bagheri N. Correlation between aryl hydrocarbon receptor and IL-17 + and Foxp3 + T-cell infiltration in bladder cancer. Int J Exp Pathol 2021; 102:249-259. [PMID: 34762773 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent cancers around the world and, if not treated well, has high morbidity and mortality. Many studies have indicated that there may be various roles for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the immune system. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 cells (Th17) in BC tissue in comparison with controls and determine the relationship between AHR, Foxp3+ Treg and Th17 cells in BC. A total of 40 patients with BC were enrolled in this study. The control group was selected from non-tumoural parts of bladder tissues from the patients who have undergone cystoscopy. The percentage of regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ /CD4+ ) and Th17 (IL-17+ /CD4+ ), as well as AHR+ cells in BC tissues and controls, were determined by immunohistochemistry. The results of this study showed that the number of Foxp3+ Treg and Th17 is significantly higher in bladder tumour tissues in comparison with non-tumoural tissues. Also, the percentage of AHR+ lymphocytes and AHR+ cells was increased significantly in bladder tumour tissues rather than non-tumoural tissues. This study also found a relation between AHR and Foxp3+ /CD4+ T lymphocytes ratio cells in BC. The percentage of Foxp3+ Tregs and AHR+ cells were significantly correlated with the grade and stage of BC. An increase in the percentage of Foxp3+ Treg and Th17 cells may play an important role in tumour immunity; and determining the relationship between AHR and differentiation of Th17/Foxp3+ Treg in BC can lead to a potential cancer therapeutic possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Monireh Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghatreh-Samani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taheri
- Department of Pathology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Anjomshoa
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Huang X, Pan T, Yan L, Jin T, Zhang R, Chen B, Feng J, Duan T, Xiang Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Yang Z, Zhang W, Ding X, Xie T, Sui X. The inflammatory microenvironment and the urinary microbiome in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 8:781-797. [PMID: 34522708 PMCID: PMC8427242 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may play a critical role in various malignancies, including bladder cancer. This hypothesis stems in part from inflammatory cells observed in the urethral microenvironment. Chronic inflammation may drive neoplastic transformation and the progression of bladder cancer by activating a series of inflammatory molecules and signals. Recently, it has been shown that the microbiome also plays an important role in the development and progression of bladder cancer, which can be mediated through the stimulation of chronic inflammation. In effect, the urinary microbiome can play a role in establishing the inflammatory urethral microenvironment that may facilitate the development and progression of bladder cancer. In other words, chronic inflammation caused by the urinary microbiome may promote the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Here, we provide a detailed and comprehensive account of the link between chronic inflammation, the microbiome and bladder cancer. Finally, we highlight that targeting the urinary microbiome might enable the development of strategies for bladder cancer prevention and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Lili Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ting Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Bi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ting Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Zuyi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Xia Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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Su T, Zhang P, Zhao F, Zhang S. Exosomal MicroRNAs Mediating Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells With Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631703. [PMID: 33869017 PMCID: PMC8049566 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles containing diverse bioactive molecules. They play essential roles in mediating bidirectional interplay between cancer and stromal cells. Specific elements are selected into different types of exosomes via various mechanisms, including microRNAs (miRNAs), a subset of non-coding RNA that could epigenetically reprogram cells and modulate their activities. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are two major types of stromal cells inhibiting immune response and facilitating tumor progression. Notably, accumulated studies provided critical evidence regarding the significance of exosomal miRNA–mediated intercellular crosstalk between cancer cells with TAMs and CAFs for tumor progression. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge of cell–cell interactions between stromal and cancer cells conveyed by exosome-derived miRNAs. The findings might help find effective therapeutic targets of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Rs-10889677 variant in interleukin-23 receptor may contribute to creating an inflammatory milieu more susceptible to bladder tumourigenesis: report and meta-analysis. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:207-226. [PMID: 33665735 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLC) is a recurrent high-risk malignancy typified by an inherent localised chronic inflammation. IL-23-receptor (IL-23R), as a positive regulator in the priming of T helper-17 cells, is regarded a principal coordinator of inflammation-propelled neoplasia. In this article, we indented firstly to scrutinise the influence of rs10889677"A/C" SNP located in IL-23R-gene on BLC development and progression among Egyptians. Findings revealed that the rs10889677"C" allele was significantly associated with the increased BLC risk and its higher frequencies were plainly noticeable in high-grade and invasive tumours when applied the dominant/homozygous/allelic genetic models. Under the same genetic models, elevated serum levels of IL-23R protein in BLC patients were pertinently correlated with the rs10889677"A/C" polymorphism. As a corollary, the frequent up-regulation of IL-23R exerts a subsequent activation of the IL-23/17 inflammatory axis. That is experienced as a drastic increase in IL-23 and IL17 levels under the dominant/homozygous/heterozygous/recessive models. Second, study further described how the rs10889677 variant confers its pro-tumoural influences on IL-23R-bearing immune cells, involving tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), natural killers (NKs) and CD4+ T-helper cells. When the dominant model was adopted, it was observed that patients bearing the rs10889677 "C" allele had lower counts of IL-23R-positive CD56+NKs and CD4+ T-cells, in tandem with higher levels of IL-23R-positive CD14+ TAMs compared with those with rs10889677 "A" allele. To entrench the idea, we did a meta-analysis on BLC patients from three different ethnicities (Asian, Caucasians and African). We observed that rs10889677"SNP" is significantly correlated with increased risk of BLCs in the overall population using over-dominant model. Consequently, authors suggested that the rs10889677 variant could be directly implicated in developing inflammatory environment more prone to generating malignancy.
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Jin K, Qiu S, Jin D, Zhou X, Zheng X, Li J, Liao X, Yang L, Wei Q. Development of prognostic signature based on immune-related genes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: bioinformatics analysis of TCGA database. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:1859-1871. [PMID: 33465047 PMCID: PMC7880322 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with high tumor stages accounts for most bladder cancer patient mortality. Platinum-based chemotherapy provides insufficient survival benefits; however, immunotherapy is a promising option for MIBC. Results: There were 31 differentially expressed IRGs that significantly correlated with the clinical outcomes of MIBC patients. A prognostic signature based on 12 IRGs (MMP9, RBP7, ADIPOQ, AHNAK, OAS1, RAC3, SLIT2, EDNRA, IL34, PDGFD, PPY, IL17RD) performed moderately in prognostic predictions with area under the curve (AUC) equal to 0.76. The high-risk patient group presented worse survival outcomes (hazard ratio 1.197, 95% confidence interval 1.103–1.299, p < 0.001). Furthermore, immune cell infiltration analysis showed increased tumor infiltration of macrophages in the high-risk group. Conclusion: This novel prognostic signature can effectively divide MIBC patients into different risk groups, allowing for intensive treatment of high-risk individuals who have worse predicted survival outcomes. Methods: Bioinformatics analyses were conducted using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes and survival-associated immune-related genes (IRGs) were analyzed through a computational algorithm and Cox regression. The potential mechanisms of IRG expression were explored with transcription factors, and a prognosis classification based on IRG expression was developed to stratify patients into distinct risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianghong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyang Liao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Li L, Huang S, Yao Y, Chen J, Li J, Xiang X, Deng J, Xiong J. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:324. [PMID: 33292276 PMCID: PMC7724795 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) plays a central role in the progression of tumor and tumor immunity. However, the effect of FSTL1 on the prognosis and immune infiltration of gastric cancer (GC) remains to be elucidated. Methods The expression of FSTL1 data was analyzed in Oncomine and TIMER databases. Analyses of clinical parameters and survival data were conducted by Kaplan-Meier plotter and immunohistochemistry. Western blot assay and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to analyze protein and mRNA expression, respectively. The correlations between FSTL1 and cancer immune infiltrates were analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIME), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and LinkedOmics database. Results The expression of FSTL1 was significantly higher in GC tissues than in normal tissues, and bioinformatic analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) indicated that high FSTL1 expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis in GC. Moreover, FSTL1 was predicted as an independent prognostic factor in GC patients. Bioinformatics analysis results suggested that FSTL1 mainly involved in tumor progression and tumor immunity. And significant correlations were found between FSTL1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GC. Conclusions The study effectively revealed useful information about FSTL1 expression, prognostic values, potential functional networks, and impact of tumor immune infiltration in GC. In summary, FSTL1 can be used as a biomarker for prognosis and evaluating immune cell infiltration in GC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-020-02070-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Individualized Cancer Therapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Individualized Cancer Therapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Yao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Individualized Cancer Therapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Individualized Cancer Therapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Junhe Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Individualized Cancer Therapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Individualized Cancer Therapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China. .,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Individualized Cancer Therapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China. .,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Individualized Cancer Therapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.
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10
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Xing Q, Liu S, Jiang S, Li T, Wang Z, Wang Y. Prognostic model of 10 immune-related genes and identification of small molecule drugs in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2054-2070. [PMID: 33209669 PMCID: PMC7658175 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to establish an immune-related gene (IRG) based signature that could provide guidance for clinical bladder cancer (BC) prognostic surveillance. Methods Differentially expressed IRGs and transcription factors (TFs) between BCs and normal tissues were extracted from transcriptome data downloaded from the TCGA database. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to identify related pathways based on differently expressed IRGs. Then, univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate IRGs with prognostic values and LASSO penalized Cox regression analysis was utilized to develop the prognostic index (PI) model. Results A total of 411 BC tissue samples and 19 normal bladder tissues in the TCGA database were enrolled in this study and 259 differentially expressed IRGs were identified. Networks between TFs and IRGs were also provided to seek the upstream regulators of differentially expressed IRGs. By means of univariate Cox regression analysis, 57 IRGs were analyzed with prognostic values and 10 IRGs were finally identified by LASSO penalized Cox regression analysis to construct the PI model. This model could significantly classified BC patients into high-risk group and low-risk group in terms of OS (P=9.923e-07) and its AUC reached 0.711. By means of univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis, this PI was proven to be a valuable independent prognostic factor (HR =1.119, 95% CI =1.066-1.175, P<0.001). CMap database analysis was also utilized to screen out 10 small molecules drugs with the potential for the treatment of BC. Conclusions Our study successfully provided a novel PI based on IRGs with the potential to predict the prognosis of BC and screened out 10 small molecules drugs with the potential to treat BC. Besides, networks between TFs and IRGs were also displayed to seek its upstream regulators for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Xing
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shouyong Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Silin Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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11
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Moussa M, Papatsoris AG, Dellis A, Abou Chakra M, Saad W. Novel anticancer therapy in BCG unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:965-983. [PMID: 32915676 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1822743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) failed intravesical BCG therapy. Currently, radical cystectomy is the recommended standard of care for those patients. There is unfortunately no effective other second-line therapy recommended. AREAS COVERED In this review, we present the topics of BCG unresponsive NMIBC; definition, prognosis, and further treatment options: immunotherapy, intravesical chemotherapy, gene therapy, and targeted individualized therapy. EXPERT OPINION There are major challenges of the management of NMIBC who failed BCG therapy as many patients refuse or are unfit for radical cystectomy. Multiple new modalities currently under investigation in ongoing clinical trials to better treat this category of patients. Immunotherapy, especially PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, offers exciting and potentially effective strategies for the treatment of BCG unresponsive NMIBC. As the data expands, it is sure that soon there will be established new guidelines for NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Moussa
- Head of Urology Department, Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athanasios G Papatsoris
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Dellis
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed Abou Chakra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Lebanese University , Beirut,Lebanon
| | - Wajih Saad
- Head of Oncology Department, Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Leblond MM, Tillé L, Nassiri S, Gilfillan CB, Imbratta C, Schmittnaegel M, Ries CH, Speiser DE, Verdeil G. CD40 Agonist Restores the Antitumor Efficacy of Anti-PD1 Therapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in an IFN I/II-Mediated Manner. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1180-1192. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Chen W, Qin Y, Liu S. CCL20 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1231:53-65. [PMID: 32060846 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36667-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CCL20, as a chemokine, plays an important role in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and other diseases by binding to its receptor CCR6. Recent 10 years' research has demonstrated that CCL20 also contributes to the progression of many cancers, such as liver cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and gastric cancer. This article reviews and discusses the previous studies on CCL20 roles in cancers from the aspects of its specific effects on various cancers, its remodeling on tumor microenvironment (TME), its synergistic effects with other cytokines in tumor microenvironment, and the specific mechanisms of CCL20 signal activation, illustrating CCL20 signaling in TME from multiple directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Joseph M, Enting D. Immune Responses in Bladder Cancer-Role of Immune Cell Populations, Prognostic Factors and Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1270. [PMID: 31824850 PMCID: PMC6879653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosurveillance, which describes the immunologically mediated elimination of transformed cells, has been widely accepted in the context of bladder cancer for many decades with the successful use of Bacillus-Calmette Guerin for superficial bladder cancer since the 1970s. With the emergence of checkpoint inhibitor blockade in the treatment of urothelial cancers, there has been a resurgent interest in the immunology of bladder cancer. The theory of cancer immunoediting proposes that the immune system has both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumor effects, the balance between the two determining the progression of an individual tumor. However, whilst there is evidence for the action of various immune cell populations in bladder cancer, a cohesive picture of the immune response to bladder cancer and its driving forces are still lacking. Additionally, little is still known about the normal immune landscape of the bladder. Future progress in bladder cancer therapeutic approaches will require a strong foundation in understanding the immunology of this disease. This review considers the evidence for the role of the main immune cell populations, both innate and adaptive, in the immune response to bladder cancer. Recent research and overarching themes in the immune response to bladder cancer are explored. The minimal evidence regarding the normal immune landscape of the human bladder is also summarized to contextualize downstream immune responses. Of specific interest are the innate and myeloid populations, some of which are resident in the human bladder and which have significant effects on downstream adaptive tumor immunity. We discuss factors which restrain the efficacy of populations known to have anti-tumor activity such as cytotoxic T cells, including the constraints on checkpoint blockade. Additionally, the effects on the immune response of tumor intrinsic factors such as the genomic subtype of bladder cancer and the effect of common therapies such as chemotherapy and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin are considered. A significant theme is the polarization of immune responses within the tumor by a heavily immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment which affects the phenotype of multiple innate and adaptive populations. Throughout, clinical implications are discussed with suggestions for future research directions and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Joseph
- Hayday Laboratory, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Enting
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Guy's Hospital, Guy's St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Shadpour P, Zamani M, Aghaalikhani N, Rashtchizadeh N. Inflammatory cytokines in bladder cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14489-14499. [PMID: 30779110 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The presence of inflammatory cells and their products in the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a tumor. Releasing the cytokines from a host in response to infection and inflammation can inhibit tumor growth and progression. However, tumor cells can also respond to the host cytokines with increasing the growth/invasion/metastasis. Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. The microenvironment of a bladder tumor has been indicated to be rich in growth factors/inflammatory cytokines that can induce the tumor growth/progression and also suppress the immune system. On the contrary, modulate of the cancer progression has been shown following upregulation of the cytokines-related pathways that suggested the cytokines as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we provide a summary of cytokines that are involved in BC formation/regression with both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. A more accurate understanding of tumor microenvironment creates favorable conditions for cytokines targeting to treat BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Shadpour
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center (HKC), Hospital Management Research Center (HMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zamani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nazi Aghaalikhani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nadereh Rashtchizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Miliani M, Nouar M, Paris O, Lefranc G, Mennechet F, Aribi M. Thymoquinone Potently Enhances the Activities of Classically Activated Macrophages Pulsed with Necrotic Jurkat Cell Lysates and the Production of Antitumor Th1-/M1-Related Cytokines. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:539-551. [PMID: 30422744 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor activity of classically activated macrophage (Mϕ) may be impaired within the tumors, spleen, and bone marrow. Thus, it is possible to boost its antitumor activity after its pulsing with necrotic tumor cell lysates combined with an adjuvant. We set out to determine the potential adjuvant effects of thymoquinone (TQ; 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, C10H12O2) on both functional activities of classically activated Mϕs, pulsed or not with necrotic Jurkat T cell line lysates (NecrJCL), and the balance of antitumor cytokines (ATCs) versus immunosuppressive cytokines (ISCs) during crosstalk with autologous human CD4+ T cells. We found that TQ treatment resulted in a significant upregulation of phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and IL-17 in NecrJCL-pulsed Mϕ co-culture system, and, conversely, in downregulation of the production of IL-6, IL-17, nitric oxide (NO), and arginase activity in nonpulsed TQ-treated Mϕs co-culture system. In addition, TQ has also shown low upregulation effect on the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β, pathogen killing capacity and H2O2 in NecrJCL-pulsed Mϕs co-cultures. Moreover, TQ significantly downregulated arginase activity, and significantly upregulated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity-to-arginase activity ratio in NecrJCL-pulsed Mϕ co-cultures. Furthermore, TQ downregulated IL-10-to-IL-17 ratio and total cellular cholesterol content (ttcCHOL), but upregulated the ratios of IL-1β-to-IL-4, IL-1β-to-IL-10, IFN-γ-to-IL-4, IFN-γ-to-IL-10, TNF-α-to-IL-4, TNF-α-to-IL-10, and combined proinflammatory cytokines (PICs)-to-anti-inflammatory cytokines (AICs) in NecrJCL-pulsed Mϕs co-culture system, whereas significant differences were highlighted only for IL-10-to-IL-17, IFN-γ-to-IL-10, and PICs-to-AICs ratios. Our outcomes demonstrated that TQ can act as potent adjuvant for enhancing both the functional activities of NecrJCL-pulsed Mϕ and the production of ATCs during their interplay with CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Miliani
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mouna Nouar
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Océane Paris
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM)-UMR5535, CNRS et Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Lefranc
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Mennechet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM)-UMR5535, CNRS et Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
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17
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Zhou J, Li X, Wu X, Zhang T, Zhu Q, Wang X, Wang H, Wang K, Lin Y, Wang X. Exosomes Released from Tumor-Associated Macrophages Transfer miRNAs That Induce a Treg/Th17 Cell Imbalance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1578-1592. [PMID: 30396909 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune microenvironment is crucial for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression and consists of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and T lymphocytes, such as regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. In this study, the Treg/Th17 ratio was significantly higher in EOC in situ and in metastatic peritoneal tissues than in benign ovarian tumors and benign peritoneum. The Treg/Th17 ratio was associated with histologic grade and was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of EOC patients. On the basis of microarray analysis of exosomes derived from TAMs, we identified miRNAs enriched in the exosomes, including miR-29a-3p and miR-21-5p. When the two miRNA mimics were transfected into CD4+ T cells, they directly suppressed STAT3 and regulated Treg/Th17 cells, inducing an imbalance, and they had a synergistic effect on STAT3 inhibition. Taken together, these results indicate that exosomes mediate the interaction between TAMs and T cells, generating an immune-suppressive microenvironment that facilitates EOC progression and metastasis. These findings suggest that targeting these exosomes or their associated miRNAs might pave the way for the development of novel treatments for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinyi Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Husheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Gaur P, Shukla NK, Das SN. Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Th17 (CD4 +IL17A +) Cells in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Clinical Relevance. Immunol Invest 2018; 46:689-702. [PMID: 28872971 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1360344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested an important role of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in tumor biology however, their phenotypic and functional aspects are poorly understood in context with oral cancer. We therefore, investigated the various phenotypic and functional markers of Th17 cells elucidating their relevance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Multi-color flow cytometry (FACs) was used to analyze the frequency and different markers of circulating Th17 cells ex vivo in peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) from 69 OSCC patients and 35 healthy controls. Percent Mean ± SEM of different types of cells were compared between the two groups using Mann-Whitney U test. We found significantly (p < 0.0001) increased frequency of Th17 cells in patients as compared to controls. These cells were found to express CCR6 profoundly but not CXCR4, CD62L, and CCR7 as chemokine receptors. Additionally, it expressed HLA-DR, CD69, and CD25 moderately but CD28 and CD161 highly. The cytokine profiling revealed 3 subsets namely Th17/1 (IL17A+IFNγ+), Th17/inflammatory (IL17A+IL8+), and Th17/2 (IL17A+IL4+) which were found to be elevated in patients as compared to controls. The early stage patients had a shift toward Th17/1 type and vice versa. Our results suggest that Th17 cells may have effector immune functions in oral cancer immunity through CCR6, CD161, HLA-DR, CD69, CD28 receptors and inducing Th17/1 type of cells expressing polyfunctional antitumor IFNγ cytokine. Thus, novel immune-boosting regimens based on enhancement of Th17 cells in oral cancer patients may provide therapeutic benefits in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Gaur
- a Departments of Biotechnology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Ansari Nagar, New Delhi , India
| | - Nootan K Shukla
- b Surgical Oncology, BRA-IRCH , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Ansari Nagar, New Delhi , India
| | - Satya N Das
- a Departments of Biotechnology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Ansari Nagar, New Delhi , India
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19
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Lee JH, Song Y, Do Han K, Park YM, Lee JY, Park YG, Lee YB. Cancer risk by the subtype of alopecia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9748. [PMID: 29950587 PMCID: PMC6021412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer risk in patients with alopecia areata (AA) or alopecia totalis (AT)/alopecia universalis (AU) remains unknown. In this study, national statistical data were used to study the association between these forms of alopecia and the risk of cancer. We enrolled 668,604 patients who were treated for alopecia from 2007 to 2014, and age- and sex-matched control subjects. AA and AT/AU patients had slightly higher overall cancer risks (hazard ratio (HR), 1.043; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.022-1.065 and HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.013-1.129, respectively) than controls, after adjusting for confounding factors. The risks of oral cavity, esophagus, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, larynx, lung, kidney, breast, cervix, ovary, uterus, testis, nerve, and skin cancers; and lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia, were not increased in alopecia patients. In AA or AT/AU patients, the only increased risk was that of thyroid cancer. In AA patients alone, the risks of bladder and prostate cancers were increased. Thus, the cancer risks varied by the alopecia subtype. Careful monitoring is needed to explore if the actual risks of thyroid, bladder, and prostate cancers are increased in alopecia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumee Song
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Bok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Winerdal ME, Krantz D, Hartana CA, Zirakzadeh AA, Linton L, Bergman EA, Rosenblatt R, Vasko J, Alamdari F, Hansson J, Holmström B, Johansson M, Winerdal M, Marits P, Sherif A, Winqvist O. Urinary Bladder Cancer Tregs Suppress MMP2 and Potentially Regulate Invasiveness. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:528-538. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Sui X, Lei L, Chen L, Xie T, Li X. Inflammatory microenvironment in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93279-93294. [PMID: 29190997 PMCID: PMC5696263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the idea that chronic inflammation may play a critical role in various malignancies including bladder cancer and long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is significantly effective in reducing certain cancer incidence and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to malignant transformation and the progression of bladder cancer in a chronically inflammatory environment remain largely unknown. In this review, we will describe the role of inflammation in the formation and development of bladder cancer and summarize the possible molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation regulates cell immune response, proliferation and metastasis. Understanding the novel function orchestrating inflammation and bladder cancer will hopefully provide us insights into their future clinical significance in preventing bladder carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuxi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Yan X, Wu C, Chen T, Santos MM, Liu CL, Yang C, Zhang L, Ren J, Liao S, Guo H, Sukhova GK, Shi GP. Cathepsin S inhibition changes regulatory T-cell activity in regulating bladder cancer and immune cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mol Immunol 2016; 82:66-74. [PMID: 28033540 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are immune suppressive cells, but their roles in tumor growth have been elusive, depending on tumor type or site. Our prior study demonstrated a role of cathepsin S (CatS) in reducing Treg immunosuppressive activity. Therefore, CatS inhibition in Tregs may exacerbate tumor growth. Using mouse bladder carcinoma MB49 cell subcutaneous implant tumor model, we detected no difference in tumor growth, whether mice were given saline- or CatS inhibitor-treated Tregs. However, mice that received inhibitor-treated Tregs had fewer splenic and tumor Tregs, and lower levels of tumor and splenic cell proliferation than mice that received saline-treated Tregs. In vitro, inhibitor-treated Tregs showed lower proliferation and higher apoptosis than saline-treated Tregs when cells were exposed to MB49. In contrast, both types of Tregs showed no difference in proliferation when they were co-cultured with normal splenocytes. Inhibitor-treated Tregs had less apoptosis in splenocytes, but more apoptosis in splenocytes with MB49 conditioned media than saline-treated Tregs. In turn, we detected less proliferation and more apoptosis of MB94 cells after co-culture with inhibitor-treated Tregs, compared with saline-treated Tregs. B220+ B-cell, CD4+ T-cell, and CD8+ T-cell proliferation and apoptosis were also lower in splenocytes co-cultured with inhibitor-treated Tregs than with saline-treated Tregs. Under the same conditions, the addition of cancer cell-conditioned media greatly increased CD8+ T-cell proliferation and reduced CD8+ T-cell apoptosis. These observations suggest that CatS inhibition of Tregs may reduce overall T-cell immunity under normal conditions, but enhance CD8+ T-cell immunity in the presence of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yan
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcela M Santos
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cong-Lin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chongzhe Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sha Liao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongqiang Guo
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Rao Q, Chen Y, Yeh CR, Ding J, Li L, Chang C, Yeh S. Recruited mast cells in the tumor microenvironment enhance bladder cancer metastasis via modulation of ERβ/CCL2/CCR2 EMT/MMP9 signals. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7842-55. [PMID: 26556868 PMCID: PMC4884958 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early clinical studies suggested that infiltrating mast cells could be associated with a poor outcome in bladder cancer (BCa) patients. The mechanisms of how mast cells influence the BCa progression, however, are unclear. Using the human clinical BCa sample survey and in vitro co-culture systems, we found BCa cells could recruit more mast cells than the surrounding non-malignant urothelial cells. The consequences of this better recruitment of mast cells toward BCa cells could then enhance BCa cell invasion. Mechanism dissection revealed that the enhanced BCa cell invasion could function via up-regulation of the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in both mast cells and BCa cells, which resulted in the increased CCL2/CCR2/EMT/MMP9 signals. Using the pre-clinical mouse BCa model, we further validated the mast cell-promoted BCa invasion. Interruption of the newly identified ERβ/CCL2/CCR2/EMT/MMP9 pathway via either ERβ-siRNA, ERβ antagonist PHTPP, or CCR2 antagonist can effectively reverse the mast cell-enhanced BCa cells invasion. Together, our finding could lead to the development of an alternative new therapeutic approach to better treat BCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Rao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lei Li
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Lin WY, Lin YP, Levin RM, Chen ML. The relevance of immune responses to partial bladder outlet obstruction and reversal. Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 36:1306-1312. [PMID: 27794187 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) causes tissue inflammation, a significant increase in markers of systemic oxidative stress, and proliferation of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms underlying inflammation and helper T cell involvement in PBOO. METHODS Surgical PBOO was performed in four groups of rats: control (C), obstruction at 2 (O2) and 4 (O4) weeks, and 4 weeks after the relief of PBOO (R4) (n = 6 each). The urinary levels of prostaglandin E metabolite (PGEM), expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-17) in the bladder, numbers of peripheral blood regulatory T cells (Treg cells), and levels of TGF-β1 were assessed via immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, or ELISA. RESULTS The levels of urinary PGEM, bladder IL-17, and TGF-β1 and the numbers of peripheral Treg cells (Foxp3) were all significantly increased at 2 and 4 weeks after PBOO. PGEM, IL-17, and Treg cells (Foxp3) were decreased after the relief of PBOO, while the levels of TGF-β1 continued to increase. CONCLUSIONS Transient PBOO triggers an acute, reversible increase in inflammatory cytokines and Treg cells. The distinct dynamics of individual inflammatory markers support their potential use as markers for monitoring bladder inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pai Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Miaw-Ling Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health Science, Innovative Research Center for Medicine, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Liu WJ, Luo Y. Regulatory T cells suppress autoreactive CD4 + T cell response to bladder epithelial antigen. World J Immunol 2016; 6:105-118. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v6.i2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in CD4+ T cell-mediated bladder autoimmune inflammation.
METHODS: Urothelium-ovalbumin (URO-OVA)/OT-II mice, a double transgenic line that expresses the membrane form of the model antigen (Ag) OVA as a self-Ag on the urothelium and the OVA-specific CD4+ T cell receptor specific for the I-Ab/OVA323-339 epitope in the periphery, were developed to provide an autoimmune environment for investigation of the role of Treg cells in bladder autoimmune inflammation. To facilitate Treg cell analysis, we further developed URO-OVAGFP-Foxp3/OT-II mice, a derived line of URO-OVA/OT-II mice that express the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) fusion protein.
RESULTS: URO-OVA/OT-II mice failed to develop bladder inflammation despite the presence of autoreactive CD4+ T cells. By monitoring GFP-positive cells, bladder infiltration of CD4+ Treg cells was observed in URO-OVAGFP-Foxp3/OT-II mice. The infiltrating Treg cells were functionally active and expressed Treg cell effector molecule as well as marker mRNAs including transforming growth factor-β, interleukin (IL)-10, fibrinogen-like protein 2, and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR). Studies further revealed that Treg cells from URO-OVAGFP-Foxp3/OT-II mice were suppressive and inhibited autoreactive CD4+ T cell proliferation and interferon (IFN)-γ production in response to OVA Ag stimulation. Depletion of GITR-positive cells led to spontaneous development of bladder inflammation and expression of inflammatory factor mRNAs for IFN-γ, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and nerve growth factor in URO-OVAGFP-Foxp3/OT-II mice.
CONCLUSION: Treg cells specific for bladder epithelial Ag play an important role in immunological homeostasis and the control of CD4+ T cell-mediated bladder autoimmune inflammation.
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Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-associated cytokine expression in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and clinical significance. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:431-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nesi G, Nobili S, Cai T, Caini S, Santi R. Chronic inflammation in urothelial bladder cancer. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:623-633. [PMID: 26263854 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The association between inflammation and cancer has been pointed out in epidemiological and clinical studies, revealing how chronic inflammation may contribute to carcinogenesis in various malignancies. However, the molecular events leading to malignant transformation in a chronically inflamed environment are not fully understood. In urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, inflammation plays a dual role. On the one hand, chronic inflammation is a well-established risk factor for the development of bladder cancer (BC), as seen in Schistosoma haematobium infection. On the other, intravesical therapy by bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), which induces inflammation, offers protection against cancer recurrence. The large variety of pro-inflammatory mediators expressed by BC and immune cells binds to specific receptors which control signalling pathways. These activate transcription of a plethora of downstream factors. This review summarizes recent data regarding inflammation and urothelial carcinoma, with special emphasis on the role the inflammatory response plays in BC recurrence risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Nesi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cai
- Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, Largo Medaglie d'Oro 9, 50011, Trento, Italy
| | - Saverio Caini
- Unit of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPO), Via delle Oblate 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaella Santi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Gakis G. The role of inflammation in bladder cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:183-96. [PMID: 24818724 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this book chapter is to present the latest basic research developments on the role of inflammation in bladder cancer and provide insights into their future clinical significance in preventing bladder carcinogenesis and progression. Bladder cancer is a highly immunogenic malignancy. Urothelial cancer cells aim to manipulate the immune system by inhibiting its cytotoxic function while stimulating the secretion of growth promoting factors. Cytokine-induced imbalances in the distribution and differentiation of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic cells can boost bladder cancer cell proliferation. Tumor-induced release of excessive amount of cytokines causes an "inflammatory storm" which drives metastasis formation via degradation of extracellular matrix proteins. Tumor-related selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) upregulation suppresses the cell-mediated immune response via aberrant prostaglandin metabolism resulting in failure of differentiation of myeloid cell progenitors into mature antigen-presenting cells. T cells are capable of increasing the oxidative stress on bladder cancer cells via induction of COX-2 and STEAP expression. Some evidence also suggests that COX-2 activation may be also involved in inflammation-mediated cancer stem cell proliferation. Antibodies against the VEGF-co-receptor neuropilin decrease the angiogenetic potential of bladder cancer cells. Inflammation-based predictive bladder cancer models have demonstrated to accurately predict response to treatment both in the curative and palliative setting. While randomized trials do not support a clinical benefit for the use of anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e., celecoxib, atorvastatin) in preventing recurrence of low-grade bladder cancer, further investigations are warranted in the setting of high-grade tumors since the immune response to cancer stimuli is most probably more pronounced in advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Gakis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
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Baharlou R, Ahmadi Vasmehjani A, Dehghani A, Ghobadifar MA, Khoubyari M. Reduced interleukin-17 and transforming growth factor Beta levels in peripheral blood as indicators for following the course of bladder cancer. Immune Netw 2014; 14:156-63. [PMID: 24999312 PMCID: PMC4079822 DOI: 10.4110/in.2014.14.3.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 17 is produced by T-helper (Th) 17 with a vigorous effect on cells of the immune system playing important roles in pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers. Therefore, the aim of current study was to determine the serum levels of IL-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in Iranian bladder cancer patients, and to correlate them with disease status. Blood samples were collected from 40 bladder cancer patients and 38 healthy individuals with no history of malignancies or autoimmune disorders. The serum levels of IL-6, IL-17, and TGF-β were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the levels of IL-17 (p<0.0001) and TGF-β (p<0.0001) were significantly lower in the patients compared to the controls. No significant differences in the level of serum IL-6 (p=0.16) was observed between the patients and controls. In addition, demographic characteristics between control and patients groups were not significantly different. As most of the cases studied in this investigation were in stage I and II, it is concluded that reduced Th17-related cytokines can be used as indicators for following the course and clinical stages of bladder carcinoma progress and immune response to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghani
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mohamed Amin Ghobadifar
- Department of Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mahshid Khoubyari
- Department of Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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Li S, Li Y, Qu X, Liu X, Liang J. Detection and significance of TregFoxP3(+) and Th17 cells in peripheral blood of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:232-9. [PMID: 24904654 PMCID: PMC4042043 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.42573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between TregFoxP3(+) cells and Th17 cells and occurrence of lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The proportions of TregFoxP3(+) and Th17 cells, the expression of FoxP3 and RORγt mRNA, and the levels of related cell factors such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin IL-17 (IL-17) and IL-23 were determined respectively by flow cytometry analysis, real-time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and ELISA in peripheral blood of 18 healthy people and 26 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RESULTS The levels of TregFoxP3(+) and Th17, expression of FoxP3 and RORγt mRNA, and ratios of TregFoxP3(+)/Th17 and FoxP3/RORγt in peripheral blood with NSCLC were higher than those in healthy controls (p < 0.05). The proportion of Th17 cells from NSCLC patients was positively correlated with that of TregFoxP3(+) (r = 0.81, p < 0.05). The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrates that the increased level of TregFoxP3(+)/Th17 in the peripheral blood may be a useful indicator in early diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma. The TregFoxP3(+)/Th17 and FoxP3/RORγt levels for patients in stage IV were higher than those of patients in stages I, II, and III (p < 0.05). The levels of TGF-β, IL-17, and IL-23 were higher in NSCLC patients than those in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that ratios of Treg/Th17 correlate with the stage of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Department of Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xun Qu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Huang Y, Wang F, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Gao Y, Ma Z, Xu R, Du Z. Intrahepatic interleukin-17+ T cells and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells cooperate to promote development and affect the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:851-9. [PMID: 24303990 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recent studies have shown that imbalance between tumor-infiltrating interleukin (IL)-17(+) T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is an important regulator of progression in various cancers, but little is known regarding this imbalance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study explored the role of imbalance between IL-17(+) T cells and Tregs in the immunopathogenesis of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. METHODS Fifty-six of patient-matched tumors and peritumoral surgical specimens from 56 patient with HCC and 136 liver biopsies specimens from 46 patients with CHB, 37 with atypical hyperplasia (AH), and 53 with HCC were enrolled. The expressions of IL-17, FoxP3, CD4, and CD8 in liver tissue were measured by immunochemistry for the evaluation of liver-infiltrating lymphocytes. RESULTS The density of liver infiltrated FoxP3(+) Tregs was increased in a stepwise manner from CHB to AH then HCC, while there was a decreasing trend for the density of IL-17(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells. In surgical specimens of less differentiated HCC, the quantity of tumor-infiltrating FoxP3(+) Tregs was significantly lower and IL-17(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells were significantly higher. Additionally, peritumoral IL-17(+) T cells were increased in poorly differentiated HCC. High intratumoral FoxP3(+) Tregs with high intratumoral IL-17(+) T cells showed a significantly lower overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with other groups (OS, P = 0.033; DFS, P = 0.004). High intratumoral FoxP3(+) Tregs with high peritumoral IL-17(+) T cells showed a significantly lower survival rate compared with other groups (OS, P < 0.001 and DFS, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that intrahepatic IL-17(+) T cells and FoxP3(+) Tregs may cooperate to promote the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
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Faghih Z, Erfani N, Haghshenas MR, Safaei A, Talei AR, Ghaderi A. Immune profiles of CD4+ lymphocyte subsets in breast cancer tumor draining lymph nodes. Immunol Lett 2014; 158:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Galati D, De Martino M, Trotta A, Rea G, Bruzzese D, Cicchitto G, Stanziola AA, Napolitano M, Sanduzzi A, Bocchino M. Peripheral depletion of NK cells and imbalance of the Treg/Th17 axis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Cytokine 2014; 66:119-26. [PMID: 24418172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The immune response plays an unsettled role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the contribution of inflammation being controversial as well. Emerging novel T cell sub-populations including regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) and interleukin (IL)-17 secreting T helper cells (Th17) may exert antithetical actions in this scenario. Phenotype and frequency of circulating immune cell subsets were assessed by multi-parametric flow cytometry in 29 clinically stable IPF patients and 17 healthy controls. The interplay between Treg lymphocytes expressing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Th17 cells was also investigated. Proportion and absolute number of natural killer (NK) cells were significantly reduced in IPF patients in comparison with controls (p<0.001). Conversely, the proportion and absolute number of CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp-3(+) cells were significantly increased in IPF patients (p=0.000). As in controls, almost the totality of cells (>90%) expressed TGF-β upon stimulation. Interestingly, the frequency of Th17 cells was significantly compromised in IPF patients (p=0.000) leading to an increased TGF-β/IL-17 ratio (4.2±2.3 vs 0.5±0.3 in controls, p=0.000). Depletion of NK and Th17 cells along with a not compromised Treg compartment delineate the existence of an "immune profile" that argue against the recent hypothesis of IPF as an autoimmune disease. Our findings along with the imbalance of the Treg/Th17 axis more closely suggest these immune perturbations to be similar to those observed in cancer. Clinical relevance, limitations and perspectives for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galati
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, IRCCS INT Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina De Martino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Trotta
- UOSC Immunologia Oncologica, IRCCS INT Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rea
- Dipartimento dei Servizi Diagnostici e Generali, Ospedali dei Colli, Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO, Napoli, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Napolitano
- UOSC Immunologia Oncologica, IRCCS INT Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanduzzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Bocchino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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Drennan S, Stafford ND, Greenman J, Green VL. Increased frequency and suppressive activity of CD127(low/-) regulatory T cells in the peripheral circulation of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are associated with advanced stage and nodal involvement. Immunology 2013; 140:335-43. [PMID: 23826668 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of regulatory T (Treg) cells is thought to be an important mechanism by which head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) successfully evades the immune system. Using multicolour flow cytometry, the frequency and functional capacity of two CD4(+) CD127(low/-) Treg cell populations, separated on the basis of different levels of CD25 expression (CD25(inter) and CD25(high) ), from the peripheral circulation of newly presenting HNSCC patients were assessed with regard to clinicopathological features and healthy controls. The frequency of circulating Treg cells was similar between HNSCC patients and healthy controls, and for patients with HNSCC developing from different subsites (laryngeal compared with oropharyngeal). However, patients with advanced stage tumours and those with nodal involvement had significantly elevated levels of CD4(+) CD25(high) CD127(low/-) Treg cells compared with patients who had early stage tumours (P = 0·03) and those without nodal involvement (P = 0·03), respectively. CD4(+) CD25(high) CD127(low/-) Treg cells from the entire HNSCC patient cohort and from patients whose tumours had metastasized to the lymph nodes were also shown to suppress the proliferation of effector T cells significantly more, compared with those from healthy controls (P = 0·04) or patients with no nodal involvement (P = 0·04). Additionally, CD4(+) CD25(inter) CD127(low/-) Treg cells consistently induced greater suppressive activity than CD4(+) CD25(high) CD127(low/-) Treg cells on the proliferation of the effector T-cell populations (CD4(+) CD25(-) CD127(-/+) and CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(+) ). Peripheral Treg cells, identified by the CD127(low/-) phenotype, have been shown to be influenced by a patient's tumour stage and/or nodal status in HNSCC; suggesting a role in tumour progression that could be manipulated by future immunotherapy.
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Han RK, Cheng YF, Zhou SS, Guo H, He RD, Chi LJ, Zhang LM. Increased Circulating Th17 Cell Populations and Elevated CSF Osteopontin and IL-17 Concentrations in Patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2013; 34:94-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Involvement of Th17 cells in patients of urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1258-62. [PMID: 23827655 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the second most common urologic malignancy after prostate with urothelial carcinoma accounting for 90% of all bladder cancers. Th17 cells representing novel subset of CD4(+) cells have well described roles in autoimmune diseases and inflammation. Recent studies suggest a potential impact of Th17 cells in tumor immunology. The implication of Th17 cells in bladder cancer can be judged by the expression of their related cytokines and a key transcription factor, RORγt which helps in the development of Th17 cells. Therefore, we aim to assess expression of Th17 related cytokines, RORγt and distribution of Th17 cells to understand its involvement in bladder cancer. In our study, frequency of Th17 cells was significantly higher (p-value <0.001) in patients than controls. Circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-23 and IL-6 were also significantly elevated in patients. Relative mRNA expression of IL-17A and RORγt in PBMCs and fold change in gene expression in tissues was found to be significantly elevated. These findings indicate the possible involvement of Th17 cells in urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Further the data can be validated to better understand the role of Th17 cells in this disease which might help in formulating targeted therapeutic strategy in future.
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Elevated osteopontin levels in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:615745. [PMID: 23576854 PMCID: PMC3612435 DOI: 10.1155/2013/615745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators are closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Osteopontin (OPN) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been shown to play an important role in various neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the function of OPN in AD and MCI progression is not well defined. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples were obtained from 35 AD patients, 31 MCI patients, and 20 other noninflammatory neurologic diseases (OND). Concentrations of OPN in the CSF and plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During a 3-year clinical followup, 13 MCI patients converted to AD (MCI converters), and 18 were clinically stable (MCI nonconverters). CSF OPN concentrations were significantly increased in AD and MCI converters compared to OND, and increased levels of OPN in AD were associated with MMSE score; OPN protein levels both in the CSF and plasma of newly diagnosed AD patients were higher than that of chronical patients. In MCI converters individuals tested longitudinally, both plasma and CSF OPN concentrations were significantly elevated when they received a diagnosis of AD during followup. Further wide-scale studies are necessary to confirm these results and to shed light on the etiopathogenic role of osteopontin in AD.
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Sofra M, Fei PC, Fabrizi L, Marcelli ME, Claroni C, Gallucci M, Ensoli F, Forastiere E. Immunomodulatory effects of total intravenous and balanced inhalation anesthesia in patients with bladder cancer undergoing elective radical cystectomy: preliminary results. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:6. [PMID: 23374147 PMCID: PMC3577511 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Although surgery and anesthesia induce immunesuppression, remains largely unknown whether various anesthetic techniques have different immunosuppressive effects on cancer patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of total intravenous anesthesia with target-controlled infusion (TIVA-TCI) and balanced inhalation anesthesia (BAL) on the peri-operative levels of inflammatory cytokines and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with bladder cancer undergoing surgery. Methods Twenty eight consecutive patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy were prospectively randomized into two groups to receive TIVA-TCI (n = 14) or BAL (n = 14). Before the induction of anesthesia (T0), 6–8 hours (T1) post-surgery, and 5 days post-surgery (T2), Tregs and serum levels of interleukin -1beta (IL-1β), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin −2 (IL-2), interleukin −6 (IL-6), and interleukin −10 (IL-10) were measured. Results In the peri-operative period all cancer patients showed a marked and significant increase in IL-6. Moreover, TIVA-TCI patients also showed a higher increase in IFN-γ, whereas in BAL patients Tregs were reduced by approximately 30% during surgery. The incidence of infections, metastases, and death was similar in both groups. Conclusions The increase in the Th1 response in the TIVA-TCI group and the reduction in Tregs in the BAL group seem to balance the immunosuppressive effect induced by IL-6. Therefore TIVA-TCI and BAL can be both used in major surgery in patients with bladder cancer without worsening the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Regina Elena, Rome National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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Doroudchi M, Saidi M, Malekzadeh M, Golmoghaddam H, Khezri A, Ghaderi A. Elevated IL-17A levels in early stages of bladder cancer regardless of smoking status. Future Oncol 2013; 9:295-304. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The interrelation between nicotine and IL-17A in bladder cancer (BC) patients was investigated. Methods: IL-17A in the sera of 121 BC patients who smoked nicotine, 80 nonsmoker BC patients, 29 and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy smokers and nonsmokers were also measured. Results: IL-17A was elevated in smoker and nonsmoker BC patients compared with smoker and nonsmoker controls (p = 0.004 and p = 0.004, respectively). The level of IL-17A in BC patients who smoked both water pipes and cigarettes were the highest (4.35±8.57 pg/ml), followed by BC water pipe users only (1.33±3.122 pg/ml) and cigarette smokers only (0.79±2.26 pg/ml, p = 0.001). IL-17A was elevated in lower stages (I and II) compared with higher stages (III and IV) of the disease (p = 0.013). Conclusion: IL-17A levels are elevated in some BC patients. IL-17A is an important factor in the inflammatory process during tumor progression, either as a defense mechanism or as a tumor-promoting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345–3119, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohadesatosadat Saidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345–3119, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahyar Malekzadeh
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Golmoghaddam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345–3119, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdulaziz Khezri
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345–3119, Shiraz, Iran
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zahran AM, Elsayh KI, Metwalley KA. Regulatory T cells in children with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16:952-957. [PMID: 23226641 PMCID: PMC3510966 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells have an important role in the control of immune reactivity against self antigens and probably play a role in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to determine the frequency of regulatory T cells in recently diagnosed children with/T1D. MATERIALS AND METHODS 20 children with/T1D and 20 healthy children of matched age and sex as controls were enrolled in this study. All cases were subjected to a thorough history taking, full clinical examinations and investigations which include; insulin C peptide levels and flow cytometric detection of B-, T-lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. RESULTS Insulin C peptide level was significantly lower in children with/ T1D compared with controls. The percentages of B and T-lymphocytes were not significantly different between patients and controls. The percentages of CD4+CD25+High and CD4+CD25+High Foxp3+ cells both in total lymphocytes and in CD4+ lymphocytes were significantly decreased in patients than controls, while the percentages of total CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25+Intermediate both in total lymphocytes and in CD4+ lymphocytes were not significantly different between patients and controls. The geometric mean of fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Foxp3+ expression in CD4+CD25+High cells was significantly decreased in patients than controls. Positive correlations were observed between both age and insulin C peptide and frequency of CD4+CD25+High Foxp3. CONCLUSION The percentage of regulatory T cells; CD4+CD25+High Foxp3 was decreased in children with recent T1D and may have a role in its pathogenesis. Their role as a prognostic signifi cance and their relation to various complications should be explored.
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Zahran AM, Elsayh KI. CD4+CD25+High Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells, B Lymphocytes, and T Lymphocytes in Patients With Acute ITP in Assiut Children Hospital. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2012; 20:61-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029612454937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the levels of lymphocyte subsets and regulatory T cells in patients with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and their correlation with the course of ITP. The study included 40 pediatric patients with acute ITP and 30 controls. Lymphocytes and regulatory T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentages of CD19+ and CD8+ cells were significantly increased while that of CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly decreased. The percentages of CD4+CD25+High and CD4+CD25+High forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3+) cells and the expression of Foxp3+ in CD4+CD25+High cells were significantly decreased in patients. Age, platelet count, and mean platelet volume (MPV) in patients with brief duration of thrombocytopenia were significantly decreased than in those with prolonged duration. The percentages of CD8+, CD4+CD25+High, and CD4+CD25+High Foxp3+ were significantly increased in patients with brief duration. Age, platelet count and MPV, and CD8+ cells had prognostic significance. CD4+CD25+High Foxp+ T cells may be a helpful prognostic marker in children with acute ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Oncological Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid I. Elsayh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Inflammatory pathways as promising targets to increase chemotherapy response in bladder cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:528690. [PMID: 22811589 PMCID: PMC3395159 DOI: 10.1155/2012/528690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While more and more physicians are choosing chemotherapy for patients with bladder cancer, the current treatment is still far from satisfactory due to low response rate and severe side effects. Emerging evidence indicates that inflammatory microenvironment is involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Recent studies have also provided ample evidence that chemotherapy response is influenced by activation of major inflammatory mediators, including transcription factors, cytokines, chemokines, and COX-2. We reviewed all published literature addressing the roles of inflammatory microenvironment in bladder cancer and evaluating emerging evidence that inflammatory pathways represent potential therapeutic targets to enhance chemotherapy of bladder cancer.
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Zhou B, Zhang P, Wang Y, Shi S, Zhang K, Liao H, Zhang L. Interleukin-17 gene polymorphisms are associated with bladder cancer in a Chinese Han population. Mol Carcinog 2012; 52:871-8. [PMID: 22692973 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune disorders, and to be elevated in several types of cancer. The present study analyzed polymorphisms in IL-17 gene and their impact on the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. The TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay was used to genotype the SNP rs2275913 of IL-17A and SNP rs763780 of IL-17F in 301 bladder cancer patients and 446 ethnicity-matched healthy controls. The frequencies of AA genotype and A allele of rs2275913, as well as TT genotype and T allele of rs763780 in the bladder cancer patients were significantly higher than that of controls, indicating that both of these two SNPs were associated with bladder cancer (P = 0.003, OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.12-1.69 for allele A of rs2275913, and P = 0.018, OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.07-2.00 for allele T of rs763780, respectively). Results of stratified analysis revealed that rs2275913 was associated with male, non-smokers, and invasion of bladder cancer, while rs763780 was associated with invasion of bladder cancer. Our results suggested that the SNP rs2275913 of IL-17A and SNP rs763780 of IL-17F were associated with the development, as well as gender, smoking status and tumor stage of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Wang J, Yuan B. [Research advances on Th17 cells in tumor]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2011; 14:885-9. [PMID: 22104225 PMCID: PMC5999992 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Th17细胞是近年来被鉴定出的一类新型CD4阳性T细胞亚群。与传统的Th1、Th2细胞不同,它以分泌IL-17为主要特征,并参与自身免疫性疾病和慢性炎症的发病过程。最近的证据表明Th17细胞也参与肿瘤免疫,然而这些细胞究竟是促进肿瘤的发展或是抑制肿瘤的发展尚不清楚。本综述总结了有关Th17细胞在肿瘤中作用的最新资料,分析Th17细胞在肿瘤中的特性和作用,以利于未来设计更有效的肿瘤治疗方案。
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Wang
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, China
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