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Martemucci G, Fracchiolla G, Muraglia M, Tardugno R, Dibenedetto RS, D’Alessandro AG. Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from the Oxidative Stress to the Management of Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2091. [PMID: 38136211 PMCID: PMC10740837 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a growing disorder affecting thousands of people worldwide, especially in industrialised countries, increasing mortality. Oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, dysbiosis, abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and hypertension are important factors linked to MS clusters of different pathologies, such as diabesity, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. All biochemical changes observed in MS, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, endothelial cell function and intestinal microbiota, promote pathological bridges between metabolic syndrome, diabesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarise metabolic syndrome's involvement in diabesity and highlight the link between MS and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. A better understanding of MS could promote a novel strategic approach to reduce MS comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martemucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Roberta Savina Dibenedetto
- Department of Pharmacy–Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (R.T.); (R.S.D.)
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Jakubiak GK, Osadnik K, Lejawa M, Osadnik T, Goławski M, Lewandowski P, Pawlas N. "Obesity and Insulin Resistance" Is the Component of the Metabolic Syndrome Most Strongly Associated with Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:79. [PMID: 35052583 PMCID: PMC8773170 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is not a homogeneous entity, but this term refers to the coexistence of factors that increase the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There are different versions of the criteria for the diagnosis of MS, which makes the population of patients diagnosed with MS heterogeneous. Research to date shows that MS is associated with oxidative stress (OS), but it is unclear which MS component is most strongly associated with OS. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the parameters of OS and the presence of individual elements of MS in young adults, as well as to identify the components of MS by means of principal components analysis (PCA) and to investigate how the parameters of OS correlate with the presence of individual components. The study included 724 young adults with or without a family history of coronary heart disease (population of the MAGNETIC study). Blood samples were taken from the participants of the study to determine peripheral blood counts, biochemical parameters, and selected parameters of OS. In addition, blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured. In subjects with MS, significantly lower activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper- and zinc-containing SOD (CuZnSOD), and manganese-containing SOD (MnSOD) were found, along with significantly higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and significantly lower concentration of thiol groups per gram of protein (PSH). We identified three components of MS by means of PCA: "Obesity and insulin resistance", "Dyslipidemia", and "Blood pressure", and showed the component "Obesity and insulin resistance" to have the strongest relationship with OS. In conclusion, we documented significant differences in some parameters of OS between young adults with and without MS. We showed that "Obesity and insulin resistance" is the most important component of MS in terms of relationship with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz K. Jakubiak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38 Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (K.O.); (M.L.); (T.O.); (N.P.)
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Kamila Osadnik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38 Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (K.O.); (M.L.); (T.O.); (N.P.)
| | - Mateusz Lejawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38 Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (K.O.); (M.L.); (T.O.); (N.P.)
| | - Tadeusz Osadnik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38 Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (K.O.); (M.L.); (T.O.); (N.P.)
| | - Marcin Goławski
- Student Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38 Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (M.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Piotr Lewandowski
- Student Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38 Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (M.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Natalia Pawlas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38 Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (K.O.); (M.L.); (T.O.); (N.P.)
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Rasoul AA, Khudhur ZO, Hamad MS, Ismaeal YS, Smail SW, Rasul MF, Mohammad KA, Bapir AA, Omar SA, Qadir MK, Rajab MF, Salihi A, Kaleem M, Rizwan MA, Qureshi AS, Iqbal ZM, Qudratullah. The role of oxidative stress and haematological parameters in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Kurdish population. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 56:103228. [PMID: 34492630 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS), as a neurodegenerative disorder, exhibits inflammation and oxidative stress hallmarks. OBJECTIVE The research aims to know any disturbances in haematological parameters and antioxidant system of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients in the Kurdish population. METHODS A case-control research meeting following the McDonald criterion was conducted on 100 RRMS patients and 100 controls. RESULTS Lipid peroxidation products of malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and total leucocyte counts (TLCs) were increased significantly, but copper (Cu+2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased significantly while nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and lymphocyte were not changed significantly if compared with that of controls. CONCLUSION Findings from our study revealed that some defects were detected in haematological profiles in the Kurdish population and disturbance of immunological parameters. In addition, the utilization of Cu+2 supplement as an effective modality for RRMS patients may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhikal Omar Khudhur
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University - Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | | | - Shukur Wasman Smail
- Biology Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Biology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University - Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad
- General Directorate for Scientific Research Center, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Shwan Ali Omar
- Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Regional Government, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mahdi Khaled Qadir
- Department of Physiotherapy, Erbil Technical Health College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mustafa Fahmi Rajab
- Biology Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Anas Sarwar Qureshi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Livestock Management, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Qudratullah
- Department of Surgery, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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Najafi A, Pourfarzam M, Zadhoush F. Oxidant/antioxidant status in Type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:6. [PMID: 34084185 PMCID: PMC8103957 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_249_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background The concurrence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide. The long-term complications of these chronic diseases are a threat to patients' well-being. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. To understand the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of Type-2 DM (T2DM) and its related complications, we aimed to investigate the oxidant/antioxidant status and Na+-K+ ATPase activity in T2DM with MS. Materials and Methods A population of ninety individuals including fifty patients diagnosed with T2DM and MS, but without overt diabetes complications, and forty individuals without T2DM or MS as control group participated in this study. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and Na+-K+ ATPase activity were assessed by standard laboratory methods. Results Plasma MDA in patients group was statistically significantly higher than that of controls (P ≤ 0.05). Whereas, Na+-K+ ATPase activity was statistically significantly lower in patient group (P ≤ 0.05). TAC, CAT, SOD, and GPx enzyme activities were not statistically significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05). Results from the patient group showed positive correlations between CAT activity and triglyceride and positive correlations between GPx activity and weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. In addition, there was a positive correlation between MDA results with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol and a negative correlation with TAC, BMI, and weight (P ≤ 0.05) in controls. Conclusion Because T2DM patients were without any vascular complications, antioxidant defense results may reflect the lack of progression of diabetes complications in these patients. These results emphasize the need for initial and continued assessment of cardiovascular disease risks in diabetic individuals. Implementation of timely interventions may improve the management of diabetes and prevent the progression of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Najafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Zadhoush
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sakhaei F, Keshvari M, Asgary S, Salehizadeh L, Rastqar A, Samsam-Shariat SZ. Enzymatic antioxidant system and endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2020; 16:94-101. [PMID: 33133208 PMCID: PMC7578525 DOI: 10.22122/arya.v16i2.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the relationship between serum glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) activity and endothelial dysfunction in the subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 76 subjects, 38 were patients with MetS and 38 were without MetS. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of the subjects were measured and then compared. The MetS was diagnosed according to the definitions of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Serum GPx-1 activity was measured by standard methods. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) technique. RESULTS In case-control study of 76 subjects, all of MetS risk factors including abdominal obesity, triglyceride (TG), low serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertension (HTN), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were significantly higher than healthy individuals (P < 0.050). FMD was significantly lower than normal subjects (P < 0.050). Serum GP-1 activity was significantly lower in patients with MetS compared to normal subjects (21.7 ± 13.5 vs. 79.0 ± 38.6, respectively) (P = 0.001). The value of GPx-1 was significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = -0.249, P = 0.040), C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = -0.409, P = 0.014), and FMD (r = 0.293, P = 0.050) in patients with MetS. The results of logistic regression showed that a unite increase in CRP (mg/dl), FMD (%), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) (pg/ml) and a unit decrease in GPx significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) of MetS; after adjusting for age and sex the results remained significant except for FMD (P < 0.050) CONCLUSION Endothelial dysfunction is related to serum GPx-1 activity in patients with MetS. GPX-1 activity is associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and peripheral vascular diseases (PVDs) in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Sakhaei
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center AND Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Keshvari
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Professor, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Salehizadeh
- Professor, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Rastqar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Seyyed Ziaedin Samsam-Shariat
- Associate Professor, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center AND Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhang Z, Yan B, Gao F, Li Q, Meng X, Chen P, Zhou L, Deng W, Li C, Xu W, Han S, Feng H, Li Y, Chen J, Yin Z, Liao C, Tse HF, Xu A, Lian Q. PSCs Reveal PUFA-Provoked Mitochondrial Stress as a Central Node Potentiating RPE Degeneration in Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2642-2661. [PMID: 32755565 PMCID: PMC7704739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is an incurable retinal disorder caused by the polypeptide 2 of cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily V (CYP4V2) mutations. Patients with BCD present degeneration of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and consequent blindness. The lack of appropriate disease models and patients’ RPE cells limits our understanding of the pathological mechanism of RPE degeneration. In this study, using CYP4V2 mutant pluripotent stem cells as disease models, we demonstrated that RPE cells with CYP4V2 mutations presented a disrupted fatty acid homeostasis, which were characterized with excessive accumulation of poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), including arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The PUFA overload increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, impaired mitochondrial respiratory functions, and triggered mitochondrial stress-activated p53-independent apoptosis in CYP4V2 mutant RPE cells. Restoration of the mutant CYP4V2 using adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) can effectively reduce PUFA deposition, alleviate mitochondria oxidative stresses, and rescue RPE cell death in BCD RPE cells. Taken together, our results highlight a role of PUFA-induced mitochondrial damage as a central node to potentiate RPE degeneration in BCD patients. AAV2-mediated gene therapy may represent a feasible strategy for the treatment of BCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing Li
- Ophthalmology, Grantham Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohong Meng
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weiyi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zhengqin Yin
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Can Liao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Relationship between Decreased Serum Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Synergistic Mediating Role of Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5384909. [PMID: 32617139 PMCID: PMC7306846 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5384909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interplays of cellular aging and oxidative stress (OS) markers form a complex network, which has been reported to be interrelated with numerous age-related and metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MS). However, given the multifactorial mechanisms of MS, several important confounders such as dietary factors and the reciprocal effect among these markers have not been considered and adjusted in previous investigations regarding the associations of cellular aging and OS markers with MS and its related metabolic abnormalities. To explicate this, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 533 Chinese adults. All the participants underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary data were collected via a 24-hour dietary recall and subsequently analyzed by a registered dietitian using nutrition calculation software. Clinical diagnosis of MS was made according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (2004) with waist circumference cutoff modified for an Asian population. The leukocyte telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione reductase were examined. SOD activity was significantly decreased in MS subjects (62.06 ± 16.89 U/mL vs. 56.25 ± 22.61 U/mL, P = 0.001) and exhibited a descending trend across sequential increase of MS component number (P for trend = 0.031). SOD activity is modestly correlated with glucose indicators and insulin sensitivity and β-cell function indices and was independently and negatively correlated with the level of triglyceride. An independent association between SOD activity and MS was observed after adjusting for metabolic indicators, dietary factors, cellular aging, and OS markers, as well as insulin sensitivity and β-cell function indices. However, the statistical significance of the association between SOD activity and MS was attenuated after adjusting for the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISIM) and insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2), suggesting a possible mediating effect. Therefore, we conducted a mediation model analysis, which showed that decreased ISIM and ISSI-2 partially and synergistically mediated the contribution of decreased SOD activity to MS. In conclusion, decreased SOD activity is an independent predictor for increased risk of MS, and insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction partially mediate the relationship between decreased SOD activity and MS.
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Jamshidi N, Mantri N, Cohen MM. Acute effects of dietary plant nutrients on transcriptome profiles: evidence from human studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1869-1880. [PMID: 31032630 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1608154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of long-term dietary plant ingestion are well-established. However, literature on acute nutritional challenges is very limited. This study aimed to identify available evidence on transcriptomics responses to acute ingestion of plants or plant extracts and identify signature gene profiles that may serve as biomarkers of health status. We systematically searched electronic databases and extracted information based-on inclusion criteria such as human clinical studies, single plant-based nutrients and outcomes reported on acute transcriptome responses. A total of 11 studies reported on acute intake of plant dietary interventions. Four studies investigating natural oil extracts with three reporting on whole plants and two studies on natural plant-derived extracts. Gene expression was found to be associated with immune response (7 studies), inflammation (9 studies), metabolism (8 studies), cellular processes and cancer. The finding of this systematic review suggests that acute ingestion may significantly impact diverse physiological and pathological pathways including inflammatory, immune, cancer and oxidative stress pathways. Transcriptomics approach is proven to be an effective strategy in discovery of these anticipated mechanisms. Further studies are now required to validate and continue exploring the short-term health impact of dietary plants and their bioactive phytochemicals on gene expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Jamshidi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc M Cohen
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Lopez-Moreno J, Quintana-Navarro GM, Delgado-Lista J, Garcia-Rios A, Alcala-Diaz JF, Gomez-Delgado F, Camargo A, Perez-Martinez P, Tinahones FJ, Striker GE, Perez-Jimenez F, Villalba JM, Lopez-Miranda J, Yubero-Serrano EM. Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Coenzyme Q10 Modulates the Postprandial Metabolism of Advanced Glycation End Products in Elderly Men and Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:340-346. [PMID: 28329789 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress are elevated with aging and dysmetabolic conditions. Because a Mediterranean (Med) diet reduces oxidative stress, serum AGEs levels, and gene expression related to AGEs metabolism in healthy elderly people, we studied whether supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) was of further benefit. Twenty participants aged ≥ 65 (10 men and 10 women) were randomly assigned to each of three isocaloric diets for successive periods of 4 weeks in a crossover design: Med diet, Med + CoQ, and a Western high-saturated-fat diet (SFA diet). After a 12-hour fast, volunteers consumed a breakfast with a fat composition similar to the previous diet period. Analyses included dietary AGEs consumed, serum AGEs and AGE receptor-1 (AGER1), receptor for AGEs (RAGE), glyoxalase I (GloxI), and estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA levels. Med diet modulated redox-state parameters, reducing AGEs levels and increasing AGER1 and GloxI mRNA levels compared with the SFA diet. This benefit was accentuated by adding CoQ, in particular, in the postprandial state. Because elevated oxidative stress/inflammation and AGEs are associated with clinical disease in aging, the enhanced protection of a Med diet supplemented with CoQ should be assessed in a larger clinical trial in which clinical conditions in aging are measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Lopez-Moreno
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia M Quintana-Navarro
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gomez-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, University of Malaga, Spain
| | - Gary E Striker
- Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Villalba
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Suriyaprom K, Kaewprasert S, Putpadungwipon P, Namjuntra P, Klongthalay S. Association of antioxidant status and inflammatory markers with metabolic syndrome in Thais. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2019; 38:1. [PMID: 30606264 PMCID: PMC6318924 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-018-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An oxidant/antioxidant disequilibrium has been suggested as having a role in the pathogenesis of some diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is significantly associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The pathogenesis of MS is complex and not well understood. The purposes of the present study were to compare enzymatic and non-enzyme antioxidants, anthropometric, hematological, and biochemical findings between subjects with MS and without MS and to evaluate the relationship between antioxidant status and hematological parameters with the components of MS. METHODS Metabolic syndrome was assessed by using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Three hundred Thais, 124 with MS and 176 without MS, were included in the study. Each subject was tested for erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, (GPX), catalase (CAT), albumin and vitamin C levels, and hematological findings. RESULTS Subjects with MS had lower SOD and CAT levels than those without MS (p < 0.01). Subjects with MS had lower vitamin C and albumin levels than those without MS (p < 0.05). The hematological findings were not significantly different between those with and without MS except the white blood cell (WBC) count which was significantly higher in those with MS. SOD and CAT levels were significantly positively associated with HDL-C levels and negatively associated with components of MS. After adjusting for potential covariates, we found lower SOD and vitamin C levels and higher WBC counts were significantly associated with MS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an alteration in antioxidant status and an increase in inflammatory markers are associated with MS and its components among Thais; subjects with MS may be more likely to have oxidative stress problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Suriyaprom
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand.
| | - Sarunya Kaewprasert
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pumpath Putpadungwipon
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Pisit Namjuntra
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Suwit Klongthalay
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
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11
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Baez-Duarte BG, Zamora-Ginez I, De Jésus KL, Torres-Rasgado E, González-Mejía ME, Porchia L, Ruiz-Vivanco G, Pérez-Fuentes R. Association of the Metabolic Syndrome with Antioxidant Defense and Outstanding Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Mexican Subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:154-60. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca G. Baez-Duarte
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Irma Zamora-Ginez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Porchia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Pérez-Fuentes
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Puebla, Mexico
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12
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Kerimi A, Williamson G. At the interface of antioxidant signalling and cellular function: Key polyphenol effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1770-88. [PMID: 26887821 PMCID: PMC5021119 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that dietary (poly)phenols promote well‐being by improving chronic disease‐risk biomarkers, such as endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and plasma uric acid, is the subject of intense current research, involving human interventions studies, animal models and in vitro mechanistic work. The original claim that benefits were due to the direct antioxidant properties of (poly)phenols has been mostly superseded by detailed mechanistic studies on specific molecular targets. Nevertheless, many proposed mechanisms in vivo and in vitro are due to modulation of oxidative processes, often involving binding to specific proteins and effects on cell signalling. We review the molecular mechanisms for 3 actions of (poly)phenols on oxidative processes where there is evidence in vivo from human intervention or animal studies. (1) Effects of (poly) phenols on pathways of chronic inflammation leading to prevention of some of the damaging effects associated with the metabolic syndrome. (2) Interaction of (poly)phenols with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, leading to effects on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, and consequent reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. (3) The inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase leading to modulation of intracellular superoxide and plasma uric acid, a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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13
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Frying oils with high natural or added antioxidants content, which protect against postprandial oxidative stress, also protect against DNA oxidation damage. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1597-1607. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Urquiaga I, D'Acuña S, Pérez D, Dicenta S, Echeverría G, Rigotti A, Leighton F. Wine grape pomace flour improves blood pressure, fasting glucose and protein damage in humans: a randomized controlled trial. Biol Res 2015; 48:49. [PMID: 26337448 PMCID: PMC4560073 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet is a healthy diet with positive scientific evidence of preventing chronic diseases. Bioactive components support the healthy properties of the Mediterranean diet. Antioxidants and fiber, two components of the Mediterranean diet, are key functional nutrients for healthy eating and nutrition. Wine grape pomace is a rich source of these dietary constituents and may be beneficial for human health. Our hypothesis was that the intake of red wine grape pomace flour (WGPF) prepared from red wine grapes (Cabernet Sauvignon variety) reduced the metabolic syndrome in humans. To evaluate the effect of WGPF on components of metabolic syndrome we design a 16-week longitudinal intervention study. Thirty-eight males, 30-65 years of age, with at least one component of metabolic syndrome, were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 25) or the control group (n = 13). At lunch, the intervention group was given 20 g of WGPF per day, which contained 10 g of dietary fiber, 822 mg of polyphenols and an antioxidant capacity of 7258 ORAC units. Both groups were asked to maintain their regular eating habits and lifestyles. Clinical evaluation, anthropometric measurements and biochemical blood analyses were done at the beginning and the end of the study. RESULTS WGPF intake significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as fasting glucose levels. Plasma γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol increased and carbonyl group in plasma protein decreased in WGPT group, significantly. No significant effect was observed for waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C in and between groups. The group-dependent magnitude of the differences between the baseline and final postprandial insulin values and γ-tocopherol concentrations was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of WGPF-rich in fiber and polyphenol antioxidants, as a food supplement in a regular diet improves blood pressure, glycaemia and postprandial insulin. In addition, increased antioxidant defenses and decreased oxidative protein damage indicating attenuation of oxidative stress. WGPF might be a useful food ingredient for health promotion and chronic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Urquiaga
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sonia D'Acuña
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Druso Pérez
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sara Dicenta
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Guadalupe Echeverría
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Federico Leighton
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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Díaz-Ruiz A, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Moreno NR, García-Rios A, Delgado-Casado N, Membrives A, Túnez I, El Bekay R, Fernández-Real JM, Tovar S, Diéguez C, Tinahones FJ, Vázquez-Martínez R, López-Miranda J, Malagón MM. Proteasome Dysfunction Associated to Oxidative Stress and Proteotoxicity in Adipocytes Compromises Insulin Sensitivity in Human Obesity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:597-612. [PMID: 25714483 PMCID: PMC4554552 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is characterized by a low-grade systemic inflammatory state and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, which predispose individuals to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic disease. However, a subset of obese individuals, referred to as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals, are protected from obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities. Here, we aim at identifying molecular factors and pathways in adipocytes that are responsible for the progression from the insulin-sensitive to the insulin-resistant, metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) phenotype. RESULTS Proteomic analysis of paired samples of adipocytes from subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) human AT revealed that both types of cells are altered in the MUHO state. Specifically, the glutathione redox cycle and other antioxidant defense systems as well as the protein-folding machinery were dysregulated and endoplasmic reticulum stress was increased in adipocytes from IR subjects. Moreover, proteasome activity was also compromised in adipocytes of MUHO individuals, which was associated with enhanced accumulation of oxidized and ubiquitinated proteins in these cells. Proteasome activity was also impaired in adipocytes of diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to palmitate. In line with these data, proteasome inhibition significantly impaired insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. INNOVATION This study provides the first evidence of the occurrence of protein homeostasis deregulation in adipocytes in human obesity, which, together with oxidative damage, interferes with insulin signaling in these cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that proteasomal dysfunction and impaired proteostasis in adipocytes, resulting from protein oxidation and/or misfolding, constitute major pathogenic mechanisms in the development of IR in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Díaz-Ruiz
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Natalia R Moreno
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Rios
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,3 Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Delgado-Casado
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,3 Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Membrives
- 4 Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y Digestivo. Sección de Obesidad, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,6 Biomedical Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria , Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,7 Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi) , Girona, Spain
| | - Sulay Tovar
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,8 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS-Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,8 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS-Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,6 Biomedical Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria , Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Martínez
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,3 Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
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16
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Camargo A, Peña-Orihuela P, Rangel-Zúñiga OA, Pérez-Martínez P, Delgado-Lista J, Cruz-Teno C, Marín C, Tinahones F, Malagón MM, Roche HM, Pérez-Jiménez F, López-Miranda J. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells as in vivo model for dietary intervention induced systemic oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:178-86. [PMID: 25057809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as an in vivo cellular model to evaluate diet-induced changes in the oxidative stress status by analyzing the gene expression pattern of NADPH-oxidase subunits and antioxidant genes. A randomized, controlled trial assigned metabolic syndrome patients to 4 diets for 12 weeks each: (i) high-saturated fatty acid (HSFA), (ii) high-monounsaturated fatty acid, and (iii), (iv) two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or placebo. A fat challenge reflecting the fatty acid composition as the original diets was conducted post-intervention. The mRNA levels of gp91(phox) (P<0.001), p22(phox) (P=0.005), p47(phox) (P=0.001) and p40(phox) (P<0.001) increased at 2h after the intake of the HSFA meal. The expression of SOD1, SOD2, GSR, GPx1, GPX4, TXN, TXNRD1 and Nrf2 increased after the HSFA meal (p<0.05). In contrast, the expression of these genes remained unaltered in response to the other dietary interventions. Our results suggest that the increased expression of antioxidant genes in PBMC seems to be due to the response to the postprandial oxidative stress generated mainly in adipose tissue after the consumption of an HSFA diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Patricia Peña-Orihuela
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zúñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Cristina Cruz-Teno
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Carmen Marín
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Francisco Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Helen M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food & Health/UCD Conway Institute, School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francisco Pérez-Jiménez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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17
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Differential acute postprandial effects of processed meat and isocaloric vegan meals on the gastrointestinal hormone response in subjects suffering from type 2 diabetes and healthy controls: a randomized crossover study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107561. [PMID: 25222490 PMCID: PMC4164634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intake of meat, particularly processed meat, is a dietary risk factor for diabetes. Meat intake impairs insulin sensitivity and leads to increased oxidative stress. However, its effect on postprandial gastrointestinal hormone (GIH) secretion is unclear. We aimed to investigate the acute effects of two standardized isocaloric meals: a processed hamburger meat meal rich in protein and saturated fat (M-meal) and a vegan meal rich in carbohydrates (V-meal). We hypothesized that the meat meal would lead to abnormal postprandial increases in plasma lipids and oxidative stress markers and impaired GIH responses. METHODS In a randomized crossover study, 50 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 50 healthy subjects underwent two 3-h meal tolerance tests. For statistical analyses, repeated-measures ANOVA was performed. RESULTS The M-meal resulted in a higher postprandial increase in lipids in both groups (p<0.001) and persistent postprandial hyperinsulinemia in patients with diabetes (p<0.001). The plasma glucose levels were significantly higher after the V-meal only at the peak level. The plasma concentrations of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were higher (p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively) and the ghrelin concentration was lower (p<0.001) after the M-meal in healthy subjects. In contrast, the concentrations of GIP, PYY and PP were significantly lower after the M-meal in T2D patients (p<0.001). Compared with the V-meal, the M-meal was associated with a larger increase in lipoperoxidation in T2D patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the diet composition and the energy content, rather than the carbohydrate count, should be important considerations for dietary management and demonstrate that processed meat consumption is accompanied by impaired GIH responses and increased oxidative stress marker levels in diabetic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01572402.
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18
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Lucke-Wold BP, Logsdon AF, Turner RC, Rosen CL, Huber JD. Aging, the metabolic syndrome, and ischemic stroke: redefining the approach for studying the blood-brain barrier in a complex neurological disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 71:411-49. [PMID: 25307225 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has many important functions in maintaining the brain's immune-privileged status. Endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes have important roles in preserving vasculature integrity. As we age, cell senescence can contribute to BBB compromise. The compromised BBB allows an influx of inflammatory cytokines to enter the brain. These cytokines lead to neuronal and glial damage. Ultimately, the functional changes within the brain can cause age-related disease. One of the most prominent age-related diseases is ischemic stroke. Stroke is the largest cause of disability and is third largest cause of mortality in the United States. The biggest risk factors for stroke, besides age, are results of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome, if unchecked, quickly advances to outcomes that include diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. The contribution from these comorbidities to BBB compromise is great. Some of the common molecular pathways activated include: endoplasmic reticulum stress, reactive oxygen species formation, and glutamate excitotoxicity. In this chapter, we examine how age-related changes to cells within the central nervous system interact with comorbidities. We then look at how comorbidities lead to increased risk for stroke through BBB disruption. Finally, we discuss key molecular pathways of interest with a focus on therapeutic targets that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Aric F Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ryan C Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Charles L Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jason D Huber
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
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Meza-Miranda ER, Camargo A, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Delgado-Lista J, Garcia-Rios A, Perez-Martinez P, Tasset-Cuevas I, Tunez I, Tinahones FJ, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Postprandial oxidative stress is modulated by dietary fat in adipose tissue from elderly people. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:507-517. [PMID: 23963800 PMCID: PMC4039280 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated whether dietary fat modifies the postprandial oxidative stress in adipose tissue of elderly people. Twenty participants received three diets for 4 weeks each: SFA-rich diet, Mediterranean (Med) diet enriched in MUFA with virgin olive oil, and a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet enriched in n-3 PUFA (α-linolenic acid from plant origin) (CHO-PUFA diet). After 12 h of fasting, volunteers received a breakfast reflecting the fatty acid composition of the diet ingested in the preceding dietary period. Med diet induced higher postprandial SOD2 and TrxR mRNA levels, and CHO-PUFA diet induced higher GPx1 and TrxR mRNA levels compared with SFA-rich diet. Med and CHO-PUFA breakfasts induced a postprandial increase in plasma reduced glutathione (GSH), and a greater postprandial GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio compared to the SFA-rich diet. Our study suggests that the consumption of Med and CHO-PUFA diets may reduce postprandial oxidative stress compared to an SFA-rich diet, which may be due to higher antioxidant enzymes gene expression in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Romina Meza-Miranda
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zuñiga
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inma Tasset-Cuevas
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofıa/Universidad de Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Tunez
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofıa/Universidad de Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- />Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Ghasemzadeh N, Patel RS, Eapen DJ, Veledar E, Al Kassem H, Manocha P, Khayata M, Zafari AM, Sperling L, Jones DP, Quyyumi AA. Oxidative stress is associated with increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure in humans. Hypertension 2014; 63:1270-5. [PMID: 24614216 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension in experimental models, but this association in humans is unknown. We investigated the relationship between pulmonary artery systolic pressure measured by echocardiography and plasma aminothiol oxidative stress markers, with the hypothesis that oxidative stress will be higher in those with pulmonary hypertension. A group of 347 patients aged 65±12 years from the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank underwent echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Plasma aminothiols, cysteine, its oxidized form, cystine, glutathione, and its oxidized disulphide were measured and the redox potentials (Eh) of cysteine/cystine and glutathione/oxidized glutathione couples were calculated. Non-normally distributed variables were log transformed (Ln). Univariate predictors of pulmonary artery systolic pressure included age (P<0.001), sex (P=0.002), mitral regurgitation (P<0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.001), left atrial size (P<0.001), diabetes mellitus (P=0.03), plasma Ln cystine (β=9.53; P<0.001), Ln glutathione (β=-5.4; P=0.002), and Eh glutathione (β=0.21; P=0.001). A multivariate linear regression model adjusting for all confounding variables demonstrated that Ln cystine (β=6.56; P=0.007), mitral regurgitation (β=4.52; P<0.001), statin use (β=-3.39; P=0.03), left ventricular ejection fraction (β=-0.26; P=0.003), and age (β=0.17; P=0.003) were independent predictors of pulmonary artery systolic pressure. For each 1% increase in plasma cystine, pulmonary artery systolic pressure increased by 16%. This association persisted in the subgroup with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%) and no significant mitral regurgitation. Whether treatment of oxidative stress will improve pulmonary hypertension requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ghasemzadeh
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, 1462 Clifton Rd NE, Suite 507, Atlanta GA 30322.
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21
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Glycine restores glutathione and protects against oxidative stress in vascular tissue from sucrose-fed rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 126:19-29. [PMID: 23742196 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The attenuation of oxidative stress could be an important mechanism whereby the incidence of vascular complications in the MS (metabolic syndrome) may be diminished. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism by which glycine, supplemented to the diet of SF (sucrose-fed) rats, modulates glutathione biosynthesis and protects against oxidative stress and altered endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated aorta. Glycine reduced O2•- (superoxide anion radical) release in the presence of NADPH, and decreased protein carbonyl and lipid peroxidation. This effect of glycine could be because of the increased amount of glutathione synthetase, which may be responsible for increased glutathione (GSH) content in vascular tissue from SF rats. Moreover, glycine increased the amount of Cu,Zn-SOD (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase) and eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) in aorta from SF animals. Finally, it improved the relaxation response to ACh (acetylcholine) found impaired in aortic rings from SF rats. In the presence of NAC (N-acetylcysteine), a precursor of GSH, an improved ACh-mediated aortic relaxation of aortic rings from SF rats was observed, whereas BSO (buthionine sulfoximine), an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, inhibited the relaxing effect of NAC in aortas from both control and SF rats. This experiment emphasizes the role of GSH in endothelial function in SF rats. The present data suggest that glycine rectifies vascular reactivity by increasing the biosynthesis of glutathione. Glutathione protects vascular tissue against oxidative stress, and enhances the availability of NO, which exerts its relaxing effect, thus contributing to the reduction of high BP (blood pressure) in the SF rats.
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22
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Effects of a citrus based juice on biomarkers of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome patients. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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23
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Belobrajdic DP, Bird AR. The potential role of phytochemicals in wholegrain cereals for the prevention of type-2 diabetes. Nutr J 2013; 12:62. [PMID: 23679924 PMCID: PMC3658901 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets high in wholegrains are associated with a 20-30% reduction in risk of developing type-2 diabetes (T2D), which is attributed to a variety of wholegrain components, notably dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. Most phytochemicals function as antioxidants in vitro and have the potential to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation which are implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D. In this review we compare the content and bioavailability of phytochemicals in wheat, barley, rice, rye and oat varieties and critically evaluate the evidence for wholegrain cereals and cereal fractions increasing plasma phytochemical concentrations and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in humans. Phytochemical content varies considerably within and among the major cereal varieties. Differences in genetics and agro-climatic conditions explain much of the variation. For a number of the major phytochemicals, such as phenolics and flavanoids, their content in grains may be high but because these compounds are tightly bound to the cell wall matrix, their bioavailability is often limited. Clinical trials show that postprandial plasma phenolic concentrations are increased after consumption of wholegrain wheat or wheat bran however the magnitude of the response is usually modest and transient. Whether this is sufficient to bolster antioxidant defences and translates into improved health outcomes is still uncertain. Increased phytochemical bioavailability may be achieved through bio-processing of grains but the improvements so far are small and have not yet led to changes in clinical or physiological markers associated with reduced risk of T2D. Furthermore, the effect of wholegrain cereals and cereal fractions on biomarkers of oxidative stress or strengthening antioxidant defence in healthy individuals is generally small or nonexistent, whereas biomarkers of systemic inflammation tend to be reduced in people consuming high intakes of wholegrains. Future dietary intervention studies seeking to establish a direct role of phytochemicals in mediating the metabolic health benefits of wholegrains, and their potential for mitigating disease progression, should consider using varieties that deliver the highest possible levels of bioavailable phytochemicals in the context of whole foods and diets. Both postprandial and prolonged responses in systemic phytochemical concentrations and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress should be assessed along with changes related to health outcomes in healthy individuals as well as those with metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Belobrajdic
- Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation-CSIRO, Food Futures National Flagship, GPO BOX 10041, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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24
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Peña-Orihuela P, Camargo A, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Perez-Martinez P, Cruz-Teno C, Delgado-Lista J, Yubero-Serrano EM, Paniagua JA, Tinahones FJ, Malagon MM, Roche HM, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Antioxidant system response is modified by dietary fat in adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome patients. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1717-23. [PMID: 23647888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with high oxidative stress, which is caused by an increased expression of NADPH-oxidase and a decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes in the adipose tissue. Our aim was to evaluate whether the quality and quantity of dietary fat can modify that process. A randomized, controlled trial conducted within the LIPGENE study assigned MetS patients to one of four diets for 12 wk each: (i) high-saturated fatty acid (HSFA), (ii) high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA), (iii) and (iv) two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diet supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LFHCC n3), or placebo (LFHCC). A fat challenge reflecting the same fatty acid composition as the original diets was conducted post-intervention. The intake of an HSFA meal induced a higher postprandial increase in gp91phox and p67phox mRNA levels than after the intake of HMUFA, LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 meals (all p-values<0.05). The postprandial decrease in CAT, GPXs and TXNRD1 mRNA levels after the HSFA meal intake was higher than after the intake of HMUFA, LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 meals (all p-values<0.05). The intake of an HSFA meal induced a higher postprandial increase in KEAP1 mRNA levels than after the consumption of the HMUFA (P=.007) and LFHCC n-3 (P=.001) meals. Our study demonstrated that monounsaturated fat consumption reduces oxidative stress as compared to saturated fat by inducing higher postprandial antioxidant response in adipose tissue, and thus, replacing SFA for MUFA may be an effective dietary strategy to reduce the oxidative stress in MetS patients and its pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Peña-Orihuela
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba. Cordoba 14004, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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25
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Ziobro A, Duchnowicz P, Mulik A, Koter-Michalak M, Broncel M. Oxidative damages in erythrocytes of patients with metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 378:267-73. [PMID: 23516039 PMCID: PMC3634977 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate the changes caused by oxidative stress in structure and function of membrane of erythrocytes from patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). The study involved 85 patients with MS before pharmacological treatment and 75 healthy volunteers as a control group. Cholesterol level, lipid peroxidation, glutathione level (GSH), and antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes were investigated. The damage to erythrocyte proteins was also indicated by means of activity of ATPase (total and Na+,K+ ATPase) and thiol group level. The membrane fluidity of erythrocytes was estimated by the fluorescent method. The cholesterol concentration and the level of lipid peroxidation were significantly higher, whereas the concentration of proteins thiol groups decreased in the patient group. ATPase and GSH peroxidase activities diminished compared to those in the control group. There were no differences in either catalase or superoxide dismutase activities. The membrane fluidity was lower in erythrocytes from patients with MS than in the ones from control group. These results show changes in red blood cells of patients with MS as a consequence of a higher concentration of cholesterol in the membrane and an increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ziobro
- Department of Environment Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - P. Duchnowicz
- Department of Environment Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - A. Mulik
- Department of Environment Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - M. Koter-Michalak
- Department of Environment Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - M. Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 1/3 Kniaziewicza St., 91-347 Lodz, Poland
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26
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Vávrová L, Kodydková J, Zeman M, Dušejovská M, Macášek J, Staňková B, Tvrzická E, Zák A. Altered activities of antioxidant enzymes in patients with metabolic syndrome. Obes Facts 2013; 6:39-47. [PMID: 23429207 PMCID: PMC5644676 DOI: 10.1159/000348569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), an increase of oxidative stress could play an important role which is closely linked with insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. The aim of our study was to assess several parameters of the antioxidant status in MetS. METHODS 40 subjects with MetS and 40 age- and sex-matched volunteers without MetS were examined for activities of superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), glutathione reductase (GR), paraoxonase1 (PON1), concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), and conjugated dienes in low-density lipoprotein (CD-LDL). RESULTS Subjects with MetS had higher activities of CuZnSOD (p < 0.05) and GR (p < 0.001), higher concentrations of CD-LDL (p < 0.001), lower activities of CAT (p < 0.05) and PON1 (p < 0.05), and lower concentrations of GSH (p < 0.05), as compared with controls. Activity of GPX1 was not significantly changed. CONCLUSIONS Our results implicated an increased oxidative stress in MetS and a decreased antioxidative defense that correlated with some laboratory (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) and clinical (waist circumference, blood pressure) components of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vávrová
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Caimi G, Hopps E, Noto D, Canino B, Montana M, Lucido D, Lo Presti R, Averna MR. Protein oxidation in a group of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2013; 7:38-41. [PMID: 23517795 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the protein oxidation, marker of the oxidative stress, in metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS We enrolled 106 subjects (45 women and 61 men) with MS of which 43 (14 women and 27 men) were with diabetes mellitus and 63 (31 women and 32 men) were without diabetes mellitus, and 54 subjects (19 women and 35 men) as control group. The protein oxidation, expressed as carbonyl groups, was measured by an enzyme-like immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (BioCell PC test kit, Enzo Life Sciences AG, Switzerland). RESULTS In the whole group of MS subjects, in comparison with control group, a significant increase in carbonyl groups was present. The same datum was also evident between control group and diabetic subjects with MS and between control group and nondiabetic subjects with MS. No difference was observed between the two subgroups (diabetic and nondiabetic subjects with MS) about NOx. Few information were obtained examining the linear regression among carbonyl groups, age, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure values and metabolic pattern of MS subjects. CONCLUSIONS In MS subject we observed an increase of protein oxidation not influenced by diabetes mellitus. Several strategies may be employed to reduce this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Caimi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università di Palermo, Italy
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28
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Oxidative stress parameters in serum and low density lipoproteins of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:349-52. [PMID: 22951187 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although prooxidant and antioxidant status were reported to be changed in clinical and experimental hypothyroidism, obtained results are conflicting. In addition, in subclinical hypothyroidism, scarced and controversial data are available about oxidative stress. Therefore, we aimed to investigate prooxidant-antioxidant status only in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients with subclinical (sHT) and overt hypothyroidism (oHT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty sHT and 18 oHT patients and 30 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Endogenous and prooxidant 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugate (DC), protein carbonyl (PC) and nitrotyrosine (NT) levels as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined in serum. In addition, endogenous DC and copper-induced MDA levels were measured in low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction. RESULTS Although there were no significant difference in serum endogenous MDA and DC levels, AAPH-induced MDA levels were significantly increased in sHT patients. All these parameters increased in oHT patients. Serum PC levels were detected to be increased in both sHT and oHT patients. Serum FRAP values did not alter in sHT patients, but they lowered in oHT patients. Endogenous DC and copper-induced MDA levels in LDL fraction did not change in sHT patients. However, these parameters were detected to be increased significantly in oHT patients as compared to controls and sHT patients. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there were significant increases in oxidative stress parameters in serum and LDL-fraction in oHT patients. However, oxidative stress was detected to stimulate partly in serum, but not LDL fraction in sHT patients.
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Abstract
Metabolic osteoarthritis (OA) has now been characterized as a subtype of OA, and links have been discovered between this phenotype and metabolic syndrome (MetS)--both with individual MetS components and with MetS as a whole. Hypertension associates with OA through subchondral ischaemia, which can compromise nutrient exchange into articular cartilage and trigger bone remodelling. Ectopic lipid deposition in chondrocytes induced by dyslipidemia might initiate OA development, exacerbated by deregulated cellular lipid metabolism in joint tissues. Hyperglycaemia and OA interact at both local and systemic levels; local effects of oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products are implicated in cartilage damage, whereas low-grade systemic inflammation results from glucose accumulation and contributes to a toxic internal environment that can exacerbate OA. Obesity-related metabolic factors, particularly altered levels of adipokines, contribute to OA development by inducing the expression of proinflammatory factors as well as degradative enzymes, leading to the inhibition of cartilage matrix synthesis and stimulation of subchondral bone remodelling. In this Review, we summarize the shared mechanisms of inflammation, oxidative stress, common metabolites and endothelial dysfunction that characterize the aetiologies of OA and MetS, and nominate metabolic OA as the fifth component of MetS. We also describe therapeutic opportunities that might arise from uniting these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhuo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28#, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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30
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Morris AA, Zhao L, Patel RS, Jones DP, Ahmed Y, Stoyanova N, Gibbons GH, Vaccarino V, Din-Dzietham R, Quyyumi AA. Differences in systemic oxidative stress based on race and the metabolic syndrome: the Morehouse and Emory Team up to Eliminate Health Disparities (META-Health) study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 10:252-9. [PMID: 22385338 PMCID: PMC3449394 DOI: 10.1089/met.2011.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classification schema such as metabolic syndrome may underestimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in African Americans, despite a higher burden of CVD in African Americans. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance of prooxidants and antioxidants and leads to endothelial dysfunction that promotes vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Aminothiol markers of oxidative stress are associated with CVD risk factors and metabolic syndrome; however, little is known about racial differences in levels of oxidative stress. We sought to investigate whether oxidative stress would be higher in African Americans compared to whites independently of traditional risk factor burden. METHODS We assessed oxidative stress in a biracial, community-based cohort. In 620 subjects (59% female, 52% African American) in the Morehouse and Emory Team up to Eliminate Health Disparities (META-Health) study, we measured plasma levels of glutathione, an intracellular antioxidant, and its redox potential as a ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (E(h) glutathione). RESULTS African Americans had lower glutathione levels (P<0.001) compared to whites. There was a trend toward more oxidized E(h) glutathione (P = 0.07) in African Americans; however, this did not reach statistical significance. After adjustment for demographics and CVD risk factors, African-American race remained a significant correlate of lower glutathione levels (P<0.001) and a more oxidized E(h) glutathione (P = 0.04). After further adjustment for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), glutathione remained significantly lower in African Americans (P = 0.001). African Americans with or without metabolic syndrome had lower glutathione levels compared to whites with or without metabolic syndrome, respectively (both P ≤ 0.001), and African Americans without metabolic syndrome had a more oxidized E(h) glutathione compared to whites without metabolic syndrome (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS African Americans have higher levels of oxidative stress than whites, even after adjustment for differences in CVD risk factors and inflammation. Racial differences in oxidative stress may play a key role in understanding observed racial disparities in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna A Morris
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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31
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Goodwill AG, Frisbee JC. Oxidant stress and skeletal muscle microvasculopathy in the metabolic syndrome. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:150-9. [PMID: 22796585 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the metabolic syndrome in afflicted individuals is, in part, characterized by the development of a severely pro-oxidant state within the vasculature. It has been previously demonstrated by many investigators that this increasingly pro-oxidant state can have severe negative implications for many relevant processes within the vasculature, including the coordination of dilator/constrictor tone or reactivity, the structural adaptations of the vascular wall or distal networks, as well as the integrated regulation of perfusion resistance across and throughout the vascular networks. The purpose of this review article is to present the different sources of oxidant stress within the setting of the metabolic syndrome, the available mechanism for attempts at regulation and the vascular outcomes associated with this condition. It is anticipated that this overview will help readers and investigators to more effectively design experiments and interpret their results within the extremely complicated setting of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
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Clemente-Postigo M, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Murri M, Boto-Ordoñez M, Perez-Martinez P, Andres-Lacueva C, Cardona F, Tinahones FJ. Endotoxin increase after fat overload is related to postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in morbidly obese patients. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:973-978. [PMID: 22394503 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p020909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-grade inflammation observed in obesity has been associated with a high-fat diet, though this relation is not fully understood. Bacterial endotoxin, produced by gut microbiota, may be the linking factor. However, this has not been confirmed in obese patients. To study the relationship between a high-fat diet and bacterial endotoxin, we analyzed postprandial endotoxemia in morbidly obese patients after a fat overload. The endotoxin levels were determined in serum and the chylomicron fraction at baseline and 3 h after a fat overload in 40 morbidly obese patients and their levels related with the degree of insulin resistance and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. The morbidly obese patients with the highest postprandial hypertriglyceridemia showed a significant increase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in serum and the chylomicron fraction after the fat overload. Postprandial chylomicron LPS levels correlated positively with the difference between postprandial triglycerides and baseline triglycerides. There were no significant correlations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and LPS levels. The main variables contributing to serum LPS levels after fat overload were baseline and postprandial triglyceride levels but not glucose or insulin resistance. Additionally, superoxide dismutase activity decreased significantly after the fat overload. Postprandial LPS increase after a fat overload is related to postprandial hypertriglyceridemia but not to degree of insulin resistance in morbidly obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Clemente-Postigo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain
| | - M I Queipo-Ortuño
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Murri
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Boto-Ordoñez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Perez-Martinez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain; Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - C Andres-Lacueva
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Cardona
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain.
| | - F J Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain; Fundación IMABIS, and Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Spain
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Tinahones FJ, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Clemente-Postigo M, Fernnadez-Garcia D, Mingrone G, Cardona F. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia predicts improvement in insulin resistance in obese patients after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2011; 9:213-8. [PMID: 22153002 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidly obese patients have associated diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Bariatric surgery improves these obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance. Evidence has shown that patients with morbid obesity have postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and that this type of HTG is related to the degree of insulin resistance. Also, bariatric surgery produces a dramatic reduction in triglyceride levels. However, it is unknown whether patients with postprandial HTG have a different clinical evolution after bariatric surgery. The setting of our study was a university hospital. METHODS We studied 57 morbidly obese patients who had mild or severe postprandial HTG after fat overload (<30 mg/dL or >90 mg/dL increase in triglycerides, respectively). All the patients underwent bariatric surgery. After surgery, the anthropometric and biochemical variables and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance were measured for 1 year at 0, 15, 30, 45, 90, 180, and 365 days after surgery. RESULTS The patients with more severe postprandial HTG had a greater percentage of change in the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance at 30, 90, and 180 days after surgery than the patients with less severe postprandial HTG. Multiple regression analysis showed that the postprandial triglyceride levels predict the variation in the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index, more so than did traditional variables, such as anthropometric, inflammatory, or hormonal data. CONCLUSION The postprandial HTG level might be the best predictor of improved insulin resistance in morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery.
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Stark MJ, Hodyl NA, Wright IMR, Clifton VL. Influence of sex and glucocorticoid exposure on preterm placental pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance. Placenta 2011; 32:865-70. [PMID: 21903264 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are known to influence fetal ROS production and anti-oxidant defences yet little attention has focused on the potential for effects in the placenta. We hypothesised that antenatal GC exposure alters placental pro-oxidant-anti-oxidant balance sex-specifically, based upon the known relationship between male sex and poor pregnancy outcome. Placentae were collected from 60 women who delivered between 24 and 31 completed weeks gestation and placental oxidative and nitrative stress (protein carbonyl, lipid hydroperoxide, and nitrotyrosine concentration) and anti-oxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and superoxide dismutase) measured. A pro-oxidant state was observed in placentae of male compared to female infants born within 72 h of antenatal GC exposure, with higher levels of protein carbonyl content (p = 0.04), lipid hydroperoxide (p < 0.01) and nitrotyrosine content (p = 0.02), and lower levels of glutathione peroxidase activity (p = 0.01). A pro-oxidant state continued to be observed in placentae of males compared to females born outside of 72 h, with higher protein carbonyl content (p = 0.04) and lower glutathione peroxidase activity (p = 0.01) than females, however no differences in placental lipid hydroperoxide and nitrotyrosine content were observed. These sex-specific alterations in products of placental oxidative stress could not purely be explained by differences in clinical illness severity (CRIB2 score). Therefore, these sex-specific alterations in placental pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance in response to antenatal betamethasone exposure, independent of illness severity, could contribute to the patho-physiologic processes underlying oxygen radical diseases of the newborn, conditions known to exhibit a male excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Stark
- Research Centre for Early Origins of Health and Disease, The Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
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Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have related an increase of lipids in the postprandial state to an individual risk for the development of CVD, possibly due to the increased plasma levels of TAG and fatty acids (FA) through enzymes of FA metabolism. The interaction between nutrition and the human genome determines gene expression and metabolic response. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of a fat overload on the gene mRNA levels of lipogenic regulators in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with the metabolic syndrome. The study included twenty-one patients with criteria for the metabolic syndrome who underwent a fat overload. Measurements were made before and after the fat overload of anthropometric and biochemical variables and also the gene mRNA levels of lipogenic factors. The main results were that the fat overload led to an increased mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1), retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) and liver X receptor α (LXRα) in PBMC, and this increase was associated with the FA synthase (FASN) mRNA levels. We also found that TAG levels correlated with FASN mRNA levels. In addition, there was a positive correlation of SREBP1 with RXRα and of LXRα with the plasma lipoperoxide concentration. The fat overload led to an increase in regulators of lipogenesis in PBMC from patients with the metabolic syndrome.
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Kameji H, Mochizuki K, Miyoshi N, Goda T. β-Carotene accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes inhibits the elevation of reactive oxygen species and the suppression of genes related to insulin sensitivity induced by tumor necrosis factor-α. Nutrition 2010; 26:1151-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Postprandial oxidative stress is modified by dietary fat: evidence from a human intervention study. Clin Sci (Lond) 2010; 119:251-61. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence supports the concept that increased oxidative stress may play an important role in MetS (metabolic syndrome)-related manifestations. Dietary fat quality has been proposed to be critical in oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of the MetS. In the present study, we investigated whether oxidative stress parameters are affected by diets with different fat quantity and quality during the postprandial state in subjects with the MetS. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four isoenergetic diets distinct in fat quantity and quality for 12 weeks: a high-saturated-fatty-acid (HSFA) diet, a high-mono-unsaturated-fatty-acid (HMUFA) diet and two low-fat/high-complex carbohydrate diets [supplemented with 1.24 g/day of long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LFHCC n−3) or with 1 g/day of sunflower oil high in oleic acid (LFHCC) as placebo]. The HMUFA diet enhanced postprandial GSH (reduced glutathione) levels and the GSH/GSSH (oxidized glutathione) ratio, compared with the other three diets. In addition, after the HMUFA-rich diet postprandial lipid peroxide levels, protein carbonyl concentrations, SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity and plasma H2O2 levels were lower compared with subjects adhering to the HSFA-rich diet. Both LFHCC diets had an intermediate effect relative to the HMUFA and HSFA diets. In conclusion, our data support the notion that the HMUFA diet improves postprandial oxidative stress in patients with the MetS. These findings suggest that the postprandial state is important for understanding the possible cardioprotective effects associated with mono-unsaturated dietary fat, particularly in subjects with the MetS.
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Hopps E, Noto D, Caimi G, Averna MR. A novel component of the metabolic syndrome: the oxidative stress. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:72-77. [PMID: 19747805 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MS) represents a cluster of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors associated to CV disease and type 2 diabetes. It is still under debate whether MS is a mere aggregation of risk factors or it represents a clinical entity with visceral obesity as underlying pathophysiological trigger. The publication of several diagnostic criteria of MS by scientific associations or experts panels reflects this uncertainty in understanding the real nature of MS. Besides the metabolic disturbances of MS, as visceral obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension and hyperglycemia, novel mechanisms of arterial damage have been identified. This paper reviews the evidence showing that MS and MS factors are characterized by increased oxidative stress, a relevant factor contributing to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. In the next future, the measure of plasma oxidative stress may contribute to identify a subset of MS patients at increased CV risk, candidates to more intensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hopps
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Diet supplementation with acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp improves biomarkers of oxidative stress and the serum lipid profile in rats. Nutrition 2009; 26:804-10. [PMID: 20022468 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the antioxidant potential and hypocholesterolemic effects of acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp ingestion in rats fed a standard or hypercholesterolemic diet. METHODS Female Fischer rats were fed a standard AIN-93 M diet (control) or a hypercholesterolemic diet that contained 25% soy oil and 1% cholesterol. The test diet was supplemented with 2% acai pulp (dry wt/wt) for control (group CA) and hypercholesterolemic rats (group HA) for 6 wk. At the end of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed and the blood and livers were collected. To evaluate the effect of acai consumption, levels of protein carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups, superoxide dismutase and paraoxonase activities, and lipid profiles of the sera were measured. RESULTS Animals that were fed the hypercholesterolemic diet presented increased levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Supplementing the diet of this group with acai caused a hypocholesterolemic effect by reducing total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Serum levels of carbonyl proteins and total, free, and protein sulfhydryl groups were reduced by acai ingestion in animals receiving the standard or hypercholesterolemic diet. Acai supplementation induced a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase activity only in the hypercholesterolemic rats, indicating an association between diet and acai treatment. Also, acai supplementation increased paraoxonase activity in the CA and HA groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the consumption of acai improves antioxidant status and has a hypocholesterolemic effect in an animal model of dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia.
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Verhaeghe J, van Bree R, Van Herck E. Oxidative stress after antenatal betamethasone: acute downregulation of glutathione peroxidase-3. Early Hum Dev 2009; 85:767-71. [PMID: 19926412 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human and experimental data show that antenatal exposure to glucocorticoids (GC) temporarily reduces fetal well-being and impairs the fetal response to hypoxemia. AIMS We tested the hypothesis that antenatal betamethasone provokes transient oxidative stress, which may be triggered directly by the GC or indirectly by metabolic signals such as increased glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. STUDY DESIGN Prospective (single center, 18 months) cohort study in newborns <34 weeks gestational age at birth. METHODS We studied 105 newborns and measured oxidative damage to lipids [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and proteins (protein carbonyls), as well as glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx3), an important antioxidant enzyme, in umbilical vein (UV) plasma. In addition, we measured umbilical artery and UV blood gases, and metabolic indices (plasma glucose, FFA and insulin) in UV. RESULTS MDA but not protein carbonyl concentrations was inversely related to time elapsed since the first or last betamethasone administration (p=0.006); MDA remained elevated by 69-96% for at least 72 h after the last betamethasone. By contrast, GPx3 concentrations were repressed in newborns who received betamethasone < or =24h before birth. GPx3 and MDA concentrations were correlated (r=-0.38, p<0.001). Labor, GA, sex, size at birth, blood gases or metabolic indices did not explain the effects of betamethasone on MDA and GPx3. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal GC elicit a rapid suppression of the GPx3 antioxidant defense system which may contribute to a longer-lasting but also transient rise in lipid oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Verhaeghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Campus Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Murri M, García-Fuentes E, García-Almeida JM, Garrido-Sánchez L, Mayas MD, Bernal R, Tinahones FJ. Changes in Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in Morbidly Obese Patients After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2009; 20:363-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-009-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Radonjic M, de Haan JR, van Erk MJ, van Dijk KW, van den Berg SAA, de Groot PJ, Müller M, van Ommen B. Genome-wide mRNA expression analysis of hepatic adaptation to high-fat diets reveals switch from an inflammatory to steatotic transcriptional program. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6646. [PMID: 19680557 PMCID: PMC2722023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive exposure to dietary fats is an important factor in the initiation of obesity and metabolic syndrome associated pathologies. The cellular processes associated with the onset and progression of diet-induced metabolic syndrome are insufficiently understood. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To identify the mechanisms underlying the pathological changes associated with short and long-term exposure to excess dietary fat, hepatic gene expression of ApoE3Leiden mice fed chow and two types of high-fat (HF) diets was monitored using microarrays during a 16-week period. A functional characterization of 1663 HF-responsive genes reveals perturbations in lipid, cholesterol and oxidative metabolism, immune and inflammatory responses and stress-related pathways. The major changes in gene expression take place during the early (day 3) and late (week 12) phases of HF feeding. This is also associated with characteristic opposite regulation of many HF-affected pathways between these two phases. The most prominent switch occurs in the expression of inflammatory/immune pathways (early activation, late repression) and lipogenic/adipogenic pathways (early repression, late activation). Transcriptional network analysis identifies NF-kappaB, NEMO, Akt, PPARgamma and SREBP1 as the key controllers of these processes and suggests that direct regulatory interactions between these factors may govern the transition from early (stressed, inflammatory) to late (pathological, steatotic) hepatic adaptation to HF feeding. This transition observed by hepatic gene expression analysis is confirmed by expression of inflammatory proteins in plasma and the late increase in hepatic triglyceride content. In addition, the genes most predictive of fat accumulation in liver during 16-week high-fat feeding period are uncovered by regression analysis of hepatic gene expression and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS The transition from an inflammatory to a steatotic transcriptional program, possibly driven by the reciprocal activation of NF-kappaB and PPARgamma regulators, emerges as the principal signature of the hepatic adaptation to excess dietary fat. These findings may be of essential interest for devising new strategies aiming to prevent the progression of high-fat diet induced pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Radonjic
- Nutrigenomics Consortium, Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Zipprich J, Terry MB, Liao Y, Agrawal M, Gurvich I, Senie R, Santella RM. Plasma protein carbonyls and breast cancer risk in sisters discordant for breast cancer from the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer Res 2009; 69:2966-72. [PMID: 19339271 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are important in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including breast cancer. Several population-based case-control studies have shown that various biomarkers of oxidative stress are associated with an increase in breast cancer risk. We selected sisters discordant for breast cancer (n=645) from the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry to explore factors that contribute to variation in plasma protein carbonyls, and to determine whether this biomarker is associated with an increase in breast cancer risk among those with a family history. Late age at menarche, hormone replacement therapy use, and Hispanic race were significantly associated with lower plasma protein carbonyl levels in unaffected sisters. Plasma protein carbonyls were associated with an increase in breast cancer risk [Q2 odds ratio (OR), 1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8-2.7; Q3 OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9; Q4 OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.8-4.2], although not in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that oxidative damage is a risk factor for breast cancer in high-risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zipprich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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