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Ito T, Kudoh S, Ichimura T, Fujino K, Hassan WAMA, Udaka N. Small cell lung cancer, an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like cancer: significance of inactive Notch signaling and expression of achaete-scute complex homologue 1. Hum Cell 2016; 30:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-016-0149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Galván JA, Astudillo A, Vallina A, Crespo G, Folgueras MV, González MV. Prognostic and diagnostic value of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:855. [PMID: 25413006 PMCID: PMC4256901 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (Pulmonary NETs) include a wide spectrum of tumors, from the low-grade typical carcinoid (TC) and the intermediate-grade atypical carcinoid (AC), to the high-grade large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and the small-cell carcinoma (SCLC). Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a process initially recognised during several critical stages of embryonic development, which has more recently been implicated in promoting carcinoma invasion and metastasis. The initial stage of the EMT process begins with the deregulation of adhesion molecules, such as E-cadherin, due to transcriptional repression carried out by factors such as Snail family members, Twist and Foxc2. Methods Immunohistochemistry for EMT markers and E-cadherin/ β-catenin complex in 134 patients with pulmonary NETs between 1990 – 2009. Analysis of potential associations with clinicopathological variables and survival. Results Pulmonary NETs of high malignant potential (LCNEC and SCLC) had reduced expression of the adhesion molecules and high level expression of transcriptional repressors (Snail1, Snail2, Twist and Foxc2). Snail high expression levels and the loss of E-cadherin/β-catenin complex integrity had the strongest negative effect on the five-year survival rates. E-cadherin/β-catenin complex integrity loss independently predicted lymph node involvement and helped in Atypical Carcinoid (AC) vs Typical Carcinoid (TC) differential diagnosis. Importantly, among the TC group, the loss of E-cadherin/β-catenin complex integrity identified patients with an adverse clinical course despite favourable clinicopathological features. Conclusion The immunohistochemical determination of E-cadherin/β-catenin complex integrity loss and EMT markers in the clinical setting might be a potential useful diagnostic and prognostic tool especially among the TC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-855) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Victoria González
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Ong BA, Li J, McDonough JM, Wei Z, Kim C, Chiavacci R, Mentch F, Caboot JB, Spergel J, Allen JL, Sleiman PMA, Hakonarson H. Gene network analysis in a pediatric cohort identifies novel lung function genes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72899. [PMID: 24023788 PMCID: PMC3759429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung function is a heritable trait and serves as an important clinical predictor of morbidity and mortality for pulmonary conditions in adults, however, despite its importance, no studies have focused on uncovering pediatric-specific loci influencing lung function. To identify novel genetic determinants of pediatric lung function, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of four pulmonary function traits, including FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25–75% in 1556 children. Further, we carried out gene network analyses for each trait including all SNPs with a P-value of <1.0×10−3 from the individual GWAS. The GWAS identified SNPs with notable trends towards association with the pulmonary function measures, including the previously described INTS12 locus association with FEV1 (pmeta = 1.41×10−7). The gene network analyses identified 34 networks of genes associated with pulmonary function variables in Caucasians. Of those, the glycoprotein gene network reached genome-wide significance for all four variables. P-value range pmeta = 6.29×10−4 - 2.80×10−8 on meta-analysis. In this study, we report on specific pathways that are significantly associated with pediatric lung function at genome-wide significance. In addition, we report the first loci associated with lung function in both pediatric Caucasian and African American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Ong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jin Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. McDonough
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Kim
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rosetta Chiavacci
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frank Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason B. Caboot
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Spergel
- Center for Pediatric Eosinophilic Disorders, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julian L. Allen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. A. Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HH); (PMAS)
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HH); (PMAS)
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Lappi-Blanco E, Lehtonen ST, Sormunen R, Merikallio HM, Soini Y, Kaarteenaho RL. Divergence of tight and adherens junction factors in alveolar epithelium in pulmonary fibrosis. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:895-907. [PMID: 23253490 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that an epithelial injury may be one of the multiple primary events in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aim of this study was to characterize the tight junction and adherens junction proteins in normal human lung, IPF, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, and asbestosis. We determined the immunohistochemical cell-specific expression of tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-5, and claudin-7, as well as 3 adherens junction proteins, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin. We further analyzed the expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, and claudin-4 and E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin at the transcriptional level by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of both tight junction and adherens junction proteins were elevated in regenerative alveolar epithelium in pulmonary fibrosis as compared with the expression of these proteins in normal alveolar epithelium. In particular, the expression levels of claudins-1 and claudin-3 were clearly elevated in all diseases. Furthermore, the amounts of adherens junction proteins messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were also all increased in pulmonary fibroses in comparison with healthy controls, with N-cadherin showing the greatest increase in mRNA levels in all diseases. However, the amounts of claudin-1, claudin-3, and claudin-4 mRNAs in fibrotic lung were similar to or even lower than those measured in the healthy controls. It is possible that the diminished capacity to produce claudin mRNAs may be one explanation for poor repair capacity of alveolar epithelial cells in IPF.
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Hashimoto T, Soeno Y, Maeda G, Taya Y, Aoba T, Nasu M, Kawashiri S, Imai K. Progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma accompanied with reduced E-cadherin expression but not cadherin switch. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47899. [PMID: 23110125 PMCID: PMC3479144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cadherin switch from E-cadherin to N-cadherin is considered as a hallmark of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and progression of carcinomas. Although it enhances aggressive behaviors of adenocarcinoma cells, the significance and role of cadherin switch in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are largely controversial. In the present study, we immunohistochemically examined expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in oral SCCs (n = 63) and its implications for the disease progression. The E-cadherin-positive carcinoma cells were rapidly decreased at the invasive front. The percentage of carcinoma cells stained E-cadherin at the cell membrane was reduced in parallel with tumor dedifferentiation (P<0.01) and enhanced invasion (P<0.01). In contrast, N-cadherin-positive cells were very limited and did not correlate with the clinicopathological parameters. Mouse tongue tumors xenotransplantated oral SCC cell lines expressing both cadherins in vitro reproduced the reduction of E-cadherin-positive carcinoma cells at the invasive front and the negligible expression of N-cadherin. These results demonstrate that the reduction of E-cadherin-mediated carcinoma cell-cell adhesion at the invasive front, but not the cadherin switch, is an important determinant for oral SCC progression, and suggest that the environments surrounding carcinoma cells largely affect the cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Soeno
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genta Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Taya
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Aoba
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nasu
- Research Center for Odontology, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazushi Imai
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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CD56 expression is associated with neuroectodermal differentiation in ameloblastomas: an immunohistochemical evaluation in comparison with odontogenic cystic lesions. Med Mol Morphol 2011; 44:79-85. [PMID: 21717310 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-010-0510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ameloblastoma (AB), which is the most common odontogenic tumor, may originate from the dental lamina remnants. The expression of CD56, which is a transmembrane molecule, is associated with neuroectodermal differentiation of the embryonal cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD56 in AB, in comparison with other odontogenic cysts. We used formalin-fixed, paraffi n-embedded specimens from 34 cases of AB, 10 cases of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), and 7 cases of dentigerous cyst (DC). We immunohistochemically examined CD56, NeuroD1, and N-cadherin expression in these tumors as compared with the expression patterns of various epithelial markers. Seventy-four percent of AB showed immunopositivity for CD56, and both CD56 and N-cadherin were diffusely positive in the outer columnar cells of AB. The immunopositivities for NeuroD1 and N-cadherin were also observed in the outer cells of AB. None of the DC cases was positive for CD56, whereas half the cases of KCOT were positive. Because CD56 is expressed in the inner enamel epithelium of enamel organs, the outer columnar cells of AB are likely to be the differentiation phenotype of the inner enamel epithelium, which is associated with neuroectodermal differentiation. The aberrant NeuroD1 expression may induce CD56 expression in AB and KCOT.
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Okimura A, Terada N, Hata M, Kawahara K, Iwasaki T, Oota M, Hirano H. Expression of adhesion molecules and transforming growth factor-β in pleomorphic carcinomas of the lung. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:959-965. [PMID: 22870095 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2010.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) of the lung consists of an epithelial component showing the histology of poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and a sarcomatous component, that is more aggressive compared to non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. To determine the differences between an epithelial component of PC and poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma, the expression of adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, β-catenin and N-cadherin) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was compared immunohistochemically among 14 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the lung (PDAs) and 14 PCs of the lung, with an epithelial component, showing the histology of PDA. Expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin were significantly lower in epithelial or sarcomatous components of PCs than in PDAs while that of TGF-β was significantly higher in epithelial components of PCs than in PDAs. No significant difference was found in incidences of the expression of these molecules between epithelial and sarcomatous components of PCs. No significant difference was noted in the expression level of N-cadherin among PDAs and epithelial and sarcomatous components of PCs. The present results showed that E-cadherin and β-catenin expression is reduced and TGF-β expression is increased in epithelial components of PCs with the same histology as PDA when compared to PDAs, suggesting that an epithelial component of PC is distinct from non-small cell carcinoma with the same histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Okimura
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Habikino, Osaka 583-8588
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