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Rajkumar DS, Padmanaban R. Impact of bisphenol A and analogues eluted from resin-based dental materials on cellular and molecular processes: An insight on underlying toxicity mechanisms. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38711185 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Dental resin systems, used for artificial replacement of teeth and their surrounding structures, have gained popularity due to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recommendation to reduce dental amalgam use in high-risk populations and medical circumstances. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an essential monomer within dental resin in the form of various analogues and derivatives. Leaching of monomers from resins results in toxicity, affecting hormone metabolism and causing long-term health risks. Understanding cellular-level toxicity profiles of bisphenol derivatives is crucial for conducting toxicity studies in in vivo models. This review provides insights into the unique expression patterns of BPA and its analogues among different cell types and their underlying toxicity mechanisms. Lack of a consistent cell line for toxic effects necessitates exploring various cell lines. Among the individual monomers, BisGMA was found to be the most toxic; however, BisDMA and BADGE generates BPA endogenously and found to elicit severe adverse reactions. In correlating in vitro data with in vivo findings, further research is necessary to classify the elutes as human carcinogens or xenoestrogens. Though the basic mechanisms underlying toxicity were believed to be the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and a corresponding decline in glutathione levels, several underlying mechanisms were identified to stimulate cellular responses at low concentrations. The review calls for further research to assess the synergistic interactions of co-monomers and other components in dental resins. The review emphasizes the clinical relevance of these findings, highlighting the necessity for safer dental materials and underscoring the potential health risks associated with current dental resin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Caneschi CDS, Benetti F, de Oliveira LCA, Belchior JC, Ferreira RC, Moreira AN, Dos Santos Alves Morgan LF. Bleaching effectiveness and cytotoxicity of new experimental formulation of niobium-based bleaching gel. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1613-1621. [PMID: 36607491 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The development of new bleaching agents with minimum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP), without adverse effects, and with bleaching effectiveness, has great clinical relevance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bleaching efficacy and cytotoxicity of a new niobium-based bleaching gel, compared to already available HP-based gels. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the bleaching efficacy analysis, 40 bovine incisors were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the established bleaching protocol: control, untreated; 35HP, 35% HP bleaching gel; 6HP, 6% HP bleaching gel; NbHP, niobium gel associated with 3% HP gel. The color variation was measured in a spectrophotometer and the values of ΔL, Δa, Δb, and ΔE obtained. For the cell viability assay by MTT, MC3T3 cells were exposed to bleaching gel extracts (1:500, 1:250, 1:125 dilutions; immediately and 24 h). Statistical tests were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS The color alteration for all bleaching gels was significant compared to control (P < 0.05), but the NbHP gel showed a significant ΔE than other gels, with expressive color alteration at 14 days (P < 0.05). The 35HP showed high cytotoxicity regarding control and the most groups in all periods and extracts analyzed (P < 0.05), while the NbHP showed greater cell viability than control in the immediate period, dilution of the 1:500 and superior to 6HP in the most extracts at 24 h. CONCLUSION The new experimental niobium-based gel has bleaching efficacy similar to that of gels with a high concentration of HP, and it has high cytocompatibility. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of this new generation of niobium-based whitening gel associated with a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide represents the possibility of a tooth whitening with lower dentin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Sousa Caneschi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Bairro Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Francine Benetti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Bairro Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Bairro Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jadson Cláudio Belchior
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Bairro Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Raquel Conceição Ferreira
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Bairro Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Allyson Nogueira Moreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Bairro Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Luís Fernando Dos Santos Alves Morgan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Bairro Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
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In-vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of polyphenols based strawberry extracts for dental bleaching. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4181. [PMID: 36914760 PMCID: PMC10011378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To formulate a dental bleaching agent with strawberry extract that has potent bleaching properties and antimicrobial efficacy. Enamel specimens (3 × 3 × 2 mm3) were prepared. Quaternary Ammonium Silane (CaC2 enriched) was homogenized with fresh strawberries: Group 1: supernatant strawberry (10 g) extract < Group 2: supernatant strawberry (10 g) extract + 15%HA (Hydroxyapatite) < Group 3: supernatant strawberry (10 g) extract + 15% (HA-2%k21) < Group 4: supernatant strawberry (20 g) extract only (20 g strawberries) < Group 5: supernatant strawberry (20 g) extract + 15% HA < Group 6: supernatant strawberry (20 g) extract + 15% (HA-2%K21) < Group 7: In-office Opalescence Boost 35%. Single-colony lactobacillus was examined using confocal microscopy identifying bacterial growth and inhibition in presence of bleaching agents using 300 µL aliquot of each bacterial culture. Images were analysed by illuminating with a 488 nm argon/helium laser beam. Colour difference (∆E00) was calculated using an Excel spreadsheet implementation of the CIEDE2000 colour difference formula and colour change measured between after staining and after bleaching. Scanning electron microscope was used to image specimens. Raman spectra were collected, and enamel slices were used for STEM/TEM analysis. HPLC was used for strawberry extract analysis. Nano-indentation was performed and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was determined along with molecular simulation. hDPSCs were expanded for Alamar Blue Analysis and SEM. Mean colour change was significantly reduced in group 1 compared to other groups (p < 0.05). CLSM showed detrimental effects of different strawberry extracts on bioflms, especially with antimicrobial (p < 0.05). Groups 1, 2 and 3 showed flatter/irregular surfaces with condensation of anti-microbial in group 3. In strawberry specimens, bands predominate at 960 cm-1. HPLC determined the strawberry extracts content. Molecular simulation verified interaction between calcium and polyphenol components. XPS peak-fitted high-resolution corresponding results of Ca2p3/2 and Ca2p1/2 for all k21 groups. Combination of 10 g strawberry extract supernatant and 15% (hydroxyapatite 2%k21) improved the whiteness and provided additional antimicrobial potential. The novel strawberry extract and antimicrobial based dental formulation had immediate bleaching effect without promoting significant changes in enamel morphology.
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Guedes FR, Bonvicini JFS, de Souza GL, da Silva WHT, Moura CCG, Paranhos LR, Turrioni AP. Cytotoxicity and dentin composition alterations promoted by different chemomechanical caries removal agents: A preliminary in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e826-e834. [PMID: 34512923 PMCID: PMC8412812 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of chemomechanical agents for caries removal has been indicated as a non-invasive treatment option; however, their possible deleterious effects on the dental-pulp complex have been insufficiently studied. This study assessed the direct cytotoxicity of two chemomechanical caries removal agents (Brix 3000™ - BX and Papacarie Duo™ - PD) on pulp cells from deciduous teeth, as well as to assess the morphology and chemical compositions of the dentin surface after the application of these materials. Material and Methods The cells were seeded (50,000 cells/cm²) in a culture medium (DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum - FBS). After 24 hours, the BX and PD materials were added to 1:20, 1:100, and 1:1000 dilutions. Non-exposed cells were considered as the control group. The viability test (MTT), Trypan Blue assay (TB), and cell morphology (Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM) were performed after 24 hours of agent application. For the SEM and chemical (energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry - EDS) dentin evaluation, 0.3-mm-thick dentin discs were obtained and divided into control group (no treatment) and surfaces covered with 37% phosphoric acid, BX, or PD. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results Decreases in cell viability and numbers of viable cells were observed for both materials, at all dilutions, when compared with the control group (p<0.05). The BX and PD materials did not cause visually perceptible changes, according to SEM, on the surfaces of dentin discs. The EDS analysis did not indicate a statistically significant difference in the levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) between the materials and the control group (p>0.05). Conclusions Both materials showed cytotoxicity when in direct contact with the pulp cells from deciduous teeth, and the BX material presented lower cytotoxicity than the PD material. Moreover, both materials did not significantly change the dentin composition. Key words:Cell culture, cytotoxicity, dental pulp, papacarie, primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda-Rodrigues Guedes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela-Leite de Souza
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz-Renato Paranhos
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana-Paula Turrioni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
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5
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Maru V, Dixit U, Patil RSB, Parekh R. Cytotoxicity and Bioactivity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Bioactive Endodontic Type Cements: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:30-39. [PMID: 34326580 PMCID: PMC8311779 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of endodontic materials may assist in understanding their ability to promote dental pulp stem cell activity and pulp healing in primary teeth. Materials and methods This systematic review was carried out by searching the electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane reviews for the articles published between January 2000 and December 2018 using the appropriate MeSH keywords. An independent investigator evaluated the abstracts and titles for possible inclusion, as per the stipulated inclusion and exclusion criteria. The topics considered for extracting data from each study were: cell lineage, cytotoxicity assay used, and type of material tested. Results Seven eligible studies were selected for assessing the quality of evidence on the bioactivity of bioactive endodontic cements (BECs) (1 human cell line, 2 animal cell lines, and 4 in vitro, animal, and human studies) and 13 studies were selected for reviewing the quality of evidence on cytotoxicity (7 human cell lines, 4 animal cell lines, and 2 animal model studies). Very limited studies had been conducted on the bioactivity of materials other than mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). With regards to cytotoxicity, the studies were diverse and most of the studies were based on MTT assay. Mineral trioxide aggregate is the most frequently used as well as studied root-end filling cement, and the literature evidence corroborated its reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced bioavailability. Conclusion There was a lack of sufficient evidence to arrive at a consensus on the ideal material with minimal cytotoxicity and optimal bioactivity. More focused human/cell line-based studies are needed on the available root filling materials. Clinical significance The present systematic review provides an update on the available literature evidence on the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of various BECs including MTAs and their influence on the different cells with respect to their composition and strength. How to cite this article Maru V, Dixit U, Patil RSB, et al. Cytotoxicity and Bioactivity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Bioactive Endodontic Type Cements: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):30–39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral Maru
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Uma Dixit
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rucha Shivajirao Bhise Patil
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupanshi Parekh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DY Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Esteban Florez FL, Kraemer H, Hiers RD, Sacramento CM, Rondinone AJ, Silvério KG, Khajotia SS. Sorption, solubility and cytotoxicity of novel antibacterial nanofilled dental adhesive resins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13503. [PMID: 32782299 PMCID: PMC7421579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental adhesives hydrolyze in the mouth. This study investigated the water sorption (SOR), solubility (SOL) and cytotoxicity (CYTO) of experimental adhesives containing nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (N_TiO2). Specimens (n = 15/group [SOR, SOL]; n = 10/group [CYTO]) of unaltered Clearfil SE Protect (CSP), OptiBond Solo Plus (OSP), Adper Scotchbond (ASB) and experimental adhesives (OSP + 25% or 30% of N_TiO2) were fabricated, desiccated (37 °C) and tested for SOR and SOL according to ISO Specification 4049 (2009). CYTO specimens were UV-sterilized (8 J/cm2) and monomer extracted in growth medium (1, 3 or 7 days). Human pulp cells were isolated and seeded (0.5 × 104) for MTT assay. SOR and SOL data was analyzed using GLM and SNK (α = 0.05) and CYTO data was analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and SNK tests (α = 0.05). SOR and SOL values ranged from 25.80 μg/mm3 (30% N_TiO2) to 28.01 μg/mm3 (OSP) and 23.88 μg/mm3 (30% N_TiO2) to 25.39 μg/mm3 (25% N_TiO2). CYTO results indicated that pulp cells exposed to experimental materials displayed comparable viabilities (p > 0.05) to those of OSP. Experimental materials displayed comparable SOR, SOL and CYTO values (p > 0.05) when compared to unaltered materials. N_TiO2 incorporation have not adversely impacted SOR, SOL and CYTO properties of unaltered adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
| | - Hannah Kraemer
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Rochelle Denise Hiers
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Catharina Marques Sacramento
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901-Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901-Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Adam Justin Rondinone
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Karina Gonzales Silvério
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901-Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901-Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Sharukh S Khajotia
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
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Assessment and Characterization of Some New Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13133012. [PMID: 32640635 PMCID: PMC7372345 DOI: 10.3390/ma13133012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The novelty of this study consists on the formulation and evaluation of five complex experimental natural photosensitizers (PS): gel with oregano essential oil (O), gel with methylene blue (AM), gel with a mixture of essential oils (Thieves-H), gel with arnica oil and curcuma extract (CU) and gel with frankincense essential oil (T), used as photosensitizing agents (PS) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the control of microbial biofilm in oral cavity. The experimental PS were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, cytotoxicity assay, antimicrobial effect and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The IR spectra of the experimental PS with essential oils exhibit absorption bands due to the presence of water and glycerol in high quantities. The studied compounds had a reduced cytotoxic effect on cell cultures. The lowest cytotoxic effect was observed in experimental PS with oregano essential oil and methylene blue PS. Essential oils with proven antibacterial capabilities used in experimental PS confer antibacterial activity to the gels in which they are incorporated, an activity that may be more efficient use of a PDT therapy. Single bacteria were detected mainly by SEM after 12 h, while aggregate bacteria and micro colonies dominated the samples at 48 h.
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8
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Petta TDM, Pedroni ACF, Saavedra DF, Faial KDCF, Marques MM, Couto RSD. The effect of three different pulp capping cements on mineralization of dental pulp stem cells. Dent Mater J 2019; 39:222-228. [PMID: 31827054 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in response to substances released by the pulp capping agents, Biodentine (BD), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and two-paste calcium hydroxide cement (CHC), along with their physicochemical characteristics. The dimensional stability test showed that of the materials studied, only BD met the standards recommended by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for pulp capping materials and thus can be used safely. In the chemical tests, BD was the most stable material. In the Alizarin red S test, BD formed the higher amount of mineralized nodules in the mineralizing medium and also formed mineralized nodules in a non-mineralizing medium. BD releases substances that can significantly induce formation of the human dental pulp stem cell-mineralized extracellular matrix, with physicochemical characteristics that are more conducive to pulp repair than those of MTA and CHC.
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New Pre-reacted Glass Containing Dental Composites (giomers) with Improved Fluoride Release and Biocompatibility. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12234021. [PMID: 31816959 PMCID: PMC6926637 DOI: 10.3390/ma12234021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to prepare a series of novel restorative giomers and investigate the morphology, the physico-chemical properties (residual monomer, fluoride release), and the cytotoxicity of the new materials. The experimental giomers were prepared as light-cured pastes by blending different resin matrices comprising aromatic/aliphatic/urethane (di) methacrylates, with hybrid fillers containing pre-reacted glasses (PRGs), a radiopaque glass, and nano fluorhydroxyapatite. Polyalkenoic acids based on acrylic acid/itaconic acid/N-acryloyl -L-leucine modified or not with methacrylic groups, together with a superficially active glass, were used to prepare the PRGs. The fluoride ion release of the experimental giomers was investigated within a period of 60 days of storage in bidistilled water while using a fluoride ion selective electrode. Beautifil II commercial product was used as a reference. Cell cytotoxicity tests were done in vitro, in accordance with ISO 10993-122012 proceedings. Human dermal fibroblasts and umbilical endothelial vein cultures were used. The values that were obtained for cumulative fluoride release for all experimental giomers were higher than for the Beautifil II product, being more than twice the ones that were obtained for the commercial product after 60 days of storage in bidistilled water. The experimental biomaterials showed similar and/or better results when compared to the commercial one; this effect was maintained in all tested conditions.
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10
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Preparation and Characterization of Natural Bleaching Gels Used in Cosmetic Dentistry. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132106. [PMID: 31261993 PMCID: PMC6651425 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The novelty of this study consists of the formulation and characterization of three experimental bleaching gels with hydroxylapatite oxides and fluorine (G28®, G29®, G30®) based on natural fruit extracts compared to the commercial Opalescence 15% (GC, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA). Studies have been conducted on the effect that the experimental bleaching gels have on the color and morphology of different restorative materials (Nanofill®-Schulzer, P.L. Superior Dental Materials GmbH, Hamburg, Germany, and experimental nanocomposites (P11®, P31®, P61®)), immersed in coffee and artificial saliva (for 10 days and 30 days). The study also includes a cytotoxicity test on the gels and nanocomposites after bleaching, with ISO 109993-5 protocols on human dental follicle stem cells. UV-VIS spectroscopy, computerized measurement, and fluorescence spectrometry were used in order to observe the color changes, while the microstructure of the surface was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). All of the samples immersed in coffee showed the highest color shift in comparison to the baseline. The color difference ΔE values obtained using the two methods (UV-Vis, computerized based on digital images) both after coloring and bleaching, respectively, were different for all four types of nanocomposites stored in the coffee, while no difference was observed in those stored in artificial saliva. The studied experimental gels and nanocomposites had a low cytotoxic effect on cell cultures after bleaching.
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11
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Llena C, Collado-González M, García-Bernal D, Oñate-Sánchez RE, Martínez CM, Moraleda JM, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L. Comparison of diffusion, cytotoxicity and tissue inflammatory reactions of four commercial bleaching products against human dental pulp stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7743. [PMID: 31123303 PMCID: PMC6533274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple side effects related to bleaching were found to occur in the dental pulp tissue, including decreased cell metabolism and viability. In this work we evaluated the in vitro diffusion capacity, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of four commercial bleaching products on stem cells from human dental pulp (hDPSCs). Two commercial bleaching gels hydrogen peroxide-based (HP), Norblanc Office 37.5% (Nor-HP) and Opalescence Boost 40% (Opal-HP) were applied for 30 min to enamel/dentine discs. Another two gels from the same manufacturers, 16% carbamide peroxide-based (CP), Norblanc Home (Nor-CP) and Opalescence CP 16% (Opal-CP), were applied for 90 min. The diffusion of HP was analysed by fluorometry. Cytotoxicity was determined using the MTT assays, the determination of apoptosis, immunofluorescence assays and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Tissue inflammatory reactions were evaluated histopathologically in rats. Statistical differences were performed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test (α < 0.05). Normon products showed lower cytotoxicity and diffusion capacity than the Ultradent products. A high intracellular ROS level was measured in hDPSCs after exposure to Opal-HP. Finally, a severe necrosis of both coronal and radicular pulp was observed with Opal-HP. Similar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide in a variety of bleaching products exhibited different responses in cells and dental pulp tissue, suggesting that bleaching products contain unknown agents that could influence their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Collado-González
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Unit of Special Care in Dentistry and Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Internal Medicine Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - D García-Bernal
- Unit of Special Care in Dentistry and Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Internal Medicine Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - R E Oñate-Sánchez
- Unit of Special Care in Dentistry and Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Internal Medicine Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - C M Martínez
- Experimental Pathology Unit, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J M Moraleda
- Unit of Special Care in Dentistry and Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Internal Medicine Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Unit of Special Care in Dentistry and Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Internal Medicine Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - L Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Fonseca BM, Barcellos DC, Silva TMD, Borges ALS, Cavalcanti BDN, Prakki A, Oliveira HPMD, Gonçalves SEDP. Mechanical-physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of catechin-incorporated adhesive resins. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180111. [PMID: 30624464 PMCID: PMC6322639 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several anti-proteolytic dentin therapies are being exhaustively studied in an attempt to reduce dentin bond degradation and improve clinical performance and longevity of adhesive restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Maria Fonseca
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Grupo Acadêmico de Pesquisa Clínica, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daphne Camara Barcellos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Grupo Acadêmico de Pesquisa Clínica, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Tânia Mara da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Grupo Acadêmico de Pesquisa Clínica, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Luis Souto Borges
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Grupo Acadêmico de Pesquisa Clínica, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Bruno das Neves Cavalcanti
- University of Iowa, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Department of Endodontics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Restorative Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva Gonçalves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Grupo Acadêmico de Pesquisa Clínica, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
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Dutra-Correa M, Leite AABV, de Cara SPHM, Diniz IMA, Marques MM, Suffredini IB, Fernandes MS, Toma SH, Araki K, Medeiros IS. Antibacterial effects and cytotoxicity of an adhesive containing low concentration of silver nanoparticles. J Dent 2018; 77:66-71. [PMID: 30009857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the antibacterial effects, cytotoxicity and microtensile bond strength of an adhesive containing low concentrations of silver nanoparticles (NAg). METHODS Various concentrations of NAg (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm) were incorporated into the primer of the Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive system (SBMP). Antibacterial activity was examined using a broth microdilution assay to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), agar diffusion assay and the MTT assay was used to examine the biofilm metabolic activity (S. mutans). The Microtensile Bond Test (μTBS) was performed after 24 h, followed by 6-months storage in distilled water. Cytotoxicity was assessed with an MTT reduction assay in human dental pulp stem cells viability after exposure to Nag-conditioned culture media during 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. The results were statistically analyzed (α ≤ 0.05). RESULTS MIC was found between NAg 25 and 50 ppm MBC was determined at 50 ppm of NAg. Bacterial activity inhibition was higher than control in all NAg groups compared to control in agar diffusion assay. Biofilm inhibition was statistically higher in 250 ppm NAg than control. All NAg groups and SBMP presented similar cytotoxicity in each period. Adhesives with NAg 200 and 250 ppm and SBMP (control) presented the highest μTBS values, similar to that of SBMP control, in both instances (24 h and 6 months) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The commercial primer containing NAg 250 ppm showed both antibacterial effect and reliable bond strength with no cytotoxicity increase. The addition of NAg to primers seems promising for the improvement of conventional dental adhesives efficacy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of low concentrations of NAg (250 ppm) to primers were effective to improve antibacterial effect preserving the bond strength and the biocompatibility of the commercial product. NAg/primer association could protect the tooth-adhesive interface increasing dental restoration longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristela Dutra-Correa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Alessandra A B V Leite
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Sueli P H M de Cara
- School of Dentistry, Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, Av. Santo Amaro, 1239, São Paulo, SP 04505-002, Brazil
| | - Ivana M A Diniz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcia M Marques
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ivana B Suffredini
- Center for Research in Biodiversity, Extraction Laboratory, Universidade Paulista, Av. Paulista, 900, São Paulo, SP 01310-100, Brazil
| | - Marina S Fernandes
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Paulista, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Sergio H Toma
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Koiti Araki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Igor S Medeiros
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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14
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Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Exhibit Different Biological Behaviours in Response to Commercial Bleaching Products. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071098. [PMID: 29954139 PMCID: PMC6073762 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diffusion capacity and the biological effects of different bleaching products on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The bleaching gel was applied for 90, 30 or 15 min to enamel/dentine discs that adapted in an artificial chamber. The diffusion of hydrogen peroxide (HP) was analysed by fluorometry and the diffusion products were applied to hDPSCs. Cell viability, cell migration and cell morphology assays were performed using the eluates of diffusion products. Finally, cell apoptosis and the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers were analysed by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Kruskal⁻Wallis or Mann⁻Whitney tests (α < 0.05). Significant reductions of approximately 95% in cell viability were observed for the 3 × 15 min groups (p < 0.001), while 1 × 30 min of PerfectBleach and 1 × 90 min of PolaNight resulted in reductions of 50% and 60% in cell viability, respectively (p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in the migration assay. Moreover, the 3 × 15 min group was associated with cell morphology alterations and reductions of >70% in cell live. Finally, hDPSCs maintained their mesenchymal phenotype in all conditions. Similar concentrations of carbamide peroxide (CP) and HP in different commercial products exhibited different biological effects on hDPSCs.
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15
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Early responses of human pulp to direct capping with resin adhesive systems and calcium hydroxide. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e73-e82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Jun SK, Mahapatra C, Lee HH, Kim HW, Lee JH. Biological Effects of Provisional Resin Materials on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Oper Dent 2018; 42:E81-E92. [PMID: 28257256 DOI: 10.2341/16-137-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity as well as the proinflammatory cytokine expression of provisional resin materials on primary cultured human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS Five commercially available provisional resin materials were chosen (SNAP [SN], Luxatemp [LT], Jet [JE], Revotek LC [RL], and Vipi block [VB]). Eluates that were either polymerizing or already set were added to hDPSCs under serially diluted conditions divided into three different setting times (25% set, 50% set, and 100% set) and incubated for 24 hours with 2× concentrated culture media. Cell cytotoxicity tests were performed by LDH assay and live and dead confocal microscope images. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines in SN and VB was measured using cytokine antibody arrays. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) or ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test at a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS Cytotoxicity greater than 30% was observed in the 50% diluted culture in SN, LT, and JE in the already set stage (p<0.05), while it was detected in SN and LT in early or intermediate stage samples. The cytotoxicity of SN, JE, and LT was greater with eluates from the polymerizing phase compared to that from already set samples (p<0.05), as observed by live and dead images. On the other hand, RL and VB did not exhibit cytotoxicity greater than 30%. Proinflammatory cytokines were not detected in 12.5% diluted culture with eluates from VB and early set stage SN. CONCLUSIONS The eluates from chemical-activated provisional resin materials during polymerization (SN, LT, and JE) were cytotoxic to hDPSCs and may adversely affect pulp tissue.
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Araújo LB, Cosme-Silva L, Fernandes AP, Oliveira TMD, Cavalcanti BDN, Gomes Filho JE, Sakai VT. Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate, BiodentineTM and calcium hydroxide on viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20160629. [PMID: 29412365 PMCID: PMC5777405 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the capping materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide (CH) and BiodentineTM (BD) on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in vitro. SHED were cultured for 1 - 7 days in medium conditioned by incubation with MTA, BD or CH (1 mg/mL), and tested for viability (MTT assay) and proliferation (SRB assay). Also, the migration of serum-starved SHED towards conditioned media was assayed in companion plates, with 8 μm-pore-sized membranes, for 24 h. Gene expression of dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) was evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Regular culture medium with 10% FBS (without conditioning) and culture medium supplemented with 20% FBS were used as controls. MTA, CH and BD conditioned media maintained cell viability and allowed continuous SHED proliferation, with CH conditioned medium causing the highest positive effect on proliferation at the end of the treatment period (compared with BD and MTA) (p<0.05). In contrast, we observed increased SHED migration towards BD and MTA conditioned media (compared with CH) (p<0.05). A greater amount of DMP-1 gene was expressed in MTA group compared with the other groups from day 7 up to day 21. Our results show that the three capping materials are biocompatible, maintain viability and stimulate proliferation, migration and differentiation in a key dental stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Borges Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Leopoldo Cosme-Silva
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thais Marchini de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - João Eduardo Gomes Filho
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vivien Thiemy Sakai
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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18
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de Souza GF, Arrais AB, Aragão CFS, Ferreira IA, Borges BCD. Physical-Mechanical Properties and Micromorphology of Calcium Cements Exposed to Polyacrylic and Phosphoric Acids. SCANNING 2018; 2018:3197510. [PMID: 29854041 PMCID: PMC5966664 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3197510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if physical and mechanical properties of self-curing calcium hydroxide cements were affected by contact with polyacrylic and phosphoric acids. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resin-containing (Life (LF)) and resin-free (Hydro C (HyC)) materials were subjected to polyacrylic acid conditioning and rinsing (POL); phosphoric acid conditioning and rinsing (PHO); rinsing only; and no treatment (n = 10). Water sorption/solubility, release of hydroxyl ions (pH), roughness (Ra), and impact resistance were evaluated. Additional samples (n = 1) were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the surface morphology. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Water sorption was significantly higher for LF when in contact with PHO and lower for POL (P < 0.05). The mean solubility was higher with POL for both cements (P < 0.05). PHO increased the mean surface roughness for HyC (P < 0.01); a significant decrease was noted for LF after contact with both acids (P < 0.01). PHO promoted lower release of hydroxyl ions on both cements (P < 0.05). For LF, rinsing, PHO, and POL presented similar morphology, differing from the control group. For HyC, PHO and POL presented similar morphology, differing from the control group. CONCLUSIONS PHO had a negative effect on the physical properties of the cements tested, except for the solubility test. POL affected roughness and solubility of HyC cement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical procedures that require polyacrylic and phosphoric acid conditioning must be done carefully on self-curing calcium hydroxide cements in order to avoid negative impact on their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Beatriz Arrais
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Isana Alvares Ferreira
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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Lee JH, Jun SK, Kim SC, Okubo C, Lee HH. Investigation of the cytotoxicity of thermoplastic denture base resins. J Adv Prosthodont 2017; 9:453-462. [PMID: 29279765 PMCID: PMC5741449 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2017.9.6.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of thermoplastic denture base resins and to identify the possible adverse effects of these resins on oral keratinocytes in response to hot water/food intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six dental thermoplastic resin materials were evaluated: three polyamide materials (Smile tone, ST; Valplast, VP; and Luciton FRS, LF), two acrylic materials (Acrytone, AT; and Acryshot, AS), and one polypropylene resin material (Unigum, UG). One heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Vertex RS, RS) was chosen for comparison. After obtaining extracts from specimens of the denture resin materials (Φ=10 mm and d=2 mm) under different extraction conditions (37℃ for 24 hours, 70℃ for 24 hours, and 121℃ for 1 hour), the extracts (50%) or serial dilutions (25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%) in distilled water were co-cultured for 24 hours with immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOKs) or mouse fibroblasts (L929s) for the cytotoxicity assay described in ISO 10993. RESULTS Greater than 70% viability was detected under all test conditions. Significantly lower IHOK and L929 viability was detected in the 50% extract from the VP (70℃) and AT (121℃) samples (P<.05), but only L929 showed reduced viability in the 50% and 25% extract from LF (37℃) (P<.05). CONCLUSION Extracts obtained from six materials under different extraction conditions (37℃, 70℃, and 121℃) did not exhibit severe cytotoxicity (less than 70% viability), although their potential risk to oral mucosa at high temperatures should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Jun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Chul Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chikahiro Okubo
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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20
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Fernandes AMM, Vilela PGF, Valera MC, Bolay C, Hiller KA, Schweikl H, Schmalz G. Effect of bleaching agent extracts on murine macrophages. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1771-1781. [PMID: 29196947 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the influence of bleaching agents on immunologically cell surface antigens of murine macrophages in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to bleaching gel extracts (40% hydrogen peroxide or 20% carbamide peroxide) and different H2O2 concentrations after 1 and 24-h exposure periods and 1-h exposure and 23-h recovery. Tests were performed with and without N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The expression of surface markers CD14, CD40, and CD54 with and without LPS stimulation was detected by flow cytometry, while the production of TNF-α was measured by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Extracts of bleaching agents were cytotoxic for cells after a 1-h exposure; cells could not recover after 24 h. This effect can be mitigated by the antioxidant NAC and increased by BSO, an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. LPS stimulated expression of all surface markers and TNF-α production. Exposure to bleaching agent extracts and H2O2 leads to a reduction of TNF-α, CD14, and CD40 expression, while the expression of CD54 was upregulated at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Whereas NAC reduced this effect, it was increased in the presence of BSO. CONCLUSIONS Extracts of bleaching agents were irreversibly cytotoxic to macrophages after a 1-h exposure. Only the expression of CD54 was upregulated. The reactions are mediated by the non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The addition of an antioxidant can downregulate unfavorable effects of dental bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aletéia M M Fernandes
- Department of Health Sciences, Endodontics Division, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences, Anatomy and Pathology Division, Anhanguera University, Vergueiro, 235/249-Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01504-000, Brazil
| | - Polyana G F Vilela
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Microbiology Division, São José dos Campos Dental School, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777-Jardim Sao Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São José dos Campos Dental School, State University of São Paulo UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777-Jardim Sao Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Carola Bolay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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21
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Komabayashi T, Zhu Q, Eberhart R, Imai Y. Current status of direct pulp-capping materials for permanent teeth. Dent Mater J 2017; 35:1-12. [PMID: 26830819 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct pulp-capping is a method for treating exposed vital pulp with dental material to facilitate the formation of reparative dentin and to maintain vital pulp. Two types of pulp-capping materials, calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate, have been most commonly used in clinics, and an adhesive resin has been considered a promising capping material. However, until now, there has been no comprehensive review of these materials. Therefore, in this paper, the composition, working mechanisms and clinical outcome of these types of pulp-capping materials are reviewed.
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22
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Lee JH, Jun SK, Moon HJ, Lee HH. Cytotoxicity and proinflammatory cytokine expression induced by interim resin materials in primary cultured human dental pulp cells. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 118:524-534. [PMID: 28343671 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Acrylic resin materials for interim restoration may adversely affect pulp tissue during the polymerization phase. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the cytotoxic and proinflammatory cytokine production effects induced by interim resin materials in primary cultured human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Five interim resin materials were evaluated: 3 types of chemically activated products, 1 light-activated product, and 1 computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) product. After obtaining eluates from interim resin materials that either were in the process of polymerizing or were already polymerized, these extracts were cocultured with hDPCs under serially diluted conditions (50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125%) for 24 hours with positive (1% phenol) and negative (distilled water) controls. A cell viability assay with tetrazolium was used to evaluate toxic effects on the cells, and images of both live and dead cells were captured using confocal microscopy. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured using cytokine antibody arrays. All experiments were independently repeated 3 times, and data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey honest significant differences test (α=.05). RESULTS Cell viabilities less than 70% were observed from the eluates of the 3 chemically activated products under the 50% conditions. Among the chemically activated products, the adverse effects were significantly greater with eluates derived from the polymerizing phase compared than those that had already polymerized, as shown by confocal microscopy images of live and dead cells. However, the light-activated and CAD-CAM-fabricated products did not adversely affect the hDPCs. Significantly increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines were not detected in 12.5% of extract from polymerizing compared with distilled water control. CONCLUSIONS The 50% eluates derived from chemically activated interim resin during the polymerizing phase were cytotoxic to hDPCs and may adversely affect pulp tissue. Recommendations such as excess washing are necessary during fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Lee
- Researcher, Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Jun
- Graduate student, Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Moon
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Professor, Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JH, Kwon JS, Moon SK, Uhm SH, Choi BH, Joo UH, Kim KM, Kim KN. Titanium-Silver Alloy Miniplates for Mandibular Fixation: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 74:1622.e1-1622.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Barcellos DC, Fonseca BM, Pucci CR, Cavalcanti BDN, Persici EDS, Gonçalves SEDP. Zn-doped etch-and-rinse model dentin adhesives: Dentin bond integrity, biocompatibility, and properties. Dent Mater 2016; 32:940-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Baldea I, Olteanu DE, Filip AG, Cenariu M, Dudea D, Tofan A, Alb C, Moldovan M. Toxicity and efficiency study of plant extracts-based bleaching agents. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1315-1326. [PMID: 27324476 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tooth bleaching is one of the most required dental esthetic treatments. However, it can generate side effects like oral irritation, enamel alteration, tooth sensitivity, especially caused by hydrogen peroxide, the main bleaching component of the commercial products. Therefore, development of new tooth bleaching agents, based on natural products, with comparable esthetic results and lower side effects is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects and bleaching efficacy of four experimental bleaching agents, derived from fruit juices, against the commercially available Opalescence (Ultradent, USA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Organic acid composition of the gels was characterized by HPLC. Bleaching efficiency was tested by spectrophotometry on composite restorative materials. Biological testing was done in vitro, on human fibroblasts. Cells were exposed to dilutions of the bleaching gel-conditioned medium. Viability was measured by MTS, apoptosis by FACS-AnnexinV FITC/Propidium iodide, NF-kB activation by western blot, malondyaldehide, and superoxide dismutase activity by spectrophotometry. RESULTS All gels exhibited physical stability and dental bleaching capabilities. Experimental gels induced significantly better viability and apoptosis rates, lower lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant defense, compared to Opalescence. CONCLUSIONS The studied experimental gel formulations exhibited a good safety profile in vitro, as well as bleaching efficiency on restorative composite materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data open new possibilities for the use of new natural products in dental bleaching treatments that can insure significant esthetic results and lower side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Baldea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Gabriela Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihai Cenariu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Dudea
- Department of Propedeutics and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Tofan
- Department of Propedeutics and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Camelia Alb
- Department of Propedeutics and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Raluca Ripan Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Polymer Composites, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Sadaghiani L, Gleeson HB, Youde S, Waddington RJ, Lynch CD, Sloan AJ. Growth Factor Liberation and DPSC Response Following Dentine Conditioning. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1298-307. [PMID: 27307049 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516653568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liberation of the sequestrated bioactive molecules from dentine by the action of applied dental materials has been proposed as an important mechanism in inducing a dentinogenic response in teeth with viable pulps. Although adhesive restorations and dentine-bonding procedures are routinely practiced, clinical protocols to improve pulp protection and dentine regeneration are not currently driven by biological knowledge. This study investigated the effect of dentine (powder and slice) conditioning by etchants/conditioners relevant to adhesive restorative systems on growth factor solubilization and odontoblast-like cell differentiation of human dental pulp progenitor cells (DPSCs). The agents included ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA; 10%, pH 7.2), phosphoric acid (37%, pH <1), citric acid (10%, pH 1.5), and polyacrylic acid (25%, pH 3.9). Growth factors were detected in dentine matrix extracts drawn by EDTA, phosphoric acid, and citric acid from powdered dentine. The dentine matrix extracts were shown to be bioactive, capable of stimulating odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation as observed by gene expression and phenotypic changes in DPSCs cultured in monolayer on plastic. Polyacrylic acid failed to solubilize proteins from powdered dentine and was therefore considered ineffective in triggering a growth factor-mediated response in cells. The study went on to investigate the effect of conditioning dentine slices on growth factor liberation and DPSC behavior. Conditioning by EDTA, phosphoric acid, and citric acid exposed growth factors on dentine and triggered an upregulation in genes associated with mineralized differentiation, osteopontin, and alkaline phosphatase in DPSCs cultured on dentine. The cells demonstrated odontoblast-like appearances with elongated bodies and long extracellular processes extending on dentine surface. However, phosphoric acid-treated dentine appeared strikingly less populated with cells, suggesting a detrimental impact on cell attachment and growth when conditioning by this agent. These findings take crucial steps in informing clinical practice on dentine-conditioning protocols as far as treatment of operatively exposed dentine in teeth with vital pulps is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sadaghiani
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - H B Gleeson
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Youde
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R J Waddington
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C D Lynch
- Learning and Scholarship, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A J Sloan
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Candeiro GTM, Moura-Netto C, D'Almeida-Couto RS, Azambuja-Júnior N, Marques MM, Cai S, Gavini G. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antibacterial effectiveness of a bioceramic endodontic sealer. Int Endod J 2015; 49:858-864. [PMID: 26281002 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the characteristics of bioceramic endodontic sealer Endosequence BC sealer with those of AH Plus sealer. METHODOLOGY Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were analysed on human gingival fibroblasts submitted to cell culture medium conditioned by sealers using the MTT reduction assay and micronucleus formation test (MNT), respectively. Cells grown on fresh medium served as controls. Cell viabilities were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The antibacterial activity was analysed on an Enterococcus faecalis strain (ATCC 29212) using both on agar diffusion test (ADT) and a direct contact test (DCT). The inhibition zones in ADT were measured after 48 h and the colony-forming units counting in the DCT after 1, 24, 72 and 168 h. Data were compared by anova and Tukey's test and MNT by Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Cultures submitted to Endosequence BC sealer had a significantly higher number of viable cells (P < 0.01) and less micronucleus formation (P < 0.05) than AH Plus sealer. Endosequence BC sealer exhibited significantly smaller inhibition zones (6.00 ± 0.03 mm) than AH Plus sealer (10.31 ± 0.21 mm) (P < 0.05). Moreover, Endosequence BC sealer had significantly smaller antibacterial activity than AH Plus sealer up to 1 h of direct contact (P < 0.05). On other exposure times, both materials had similar antibacterial effectiveness (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Bioceramic-based sealer had less cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and similar antibacterial effect against E. faecalis in comparison with AH Plus sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T M Candeiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Unichristus, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - C Moura-Netto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Instituto de Odontologia - Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R S D'Almeida-Couto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Campus Castanhal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - N Azambuja-Júnior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Marques
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Cai
- Discipline of Microbiology, Biomedicine Sciences Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Gavini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yamada M, Kojima N, Att W, Hori N, Suzuki T, Ogawa T. N-Acetyl cysteine restores viability and function of rat odontoblast-like cells impaired by polymethylmethacrylate dental resin extract. Redox Rep 2013; 14:13-22. [DOI: 10.1179/135100009x392430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Kim RH, Williams DW, Bae S, Lee RS, Oh JE, Mehrazarin S, Kim T, Shin KH, Park NH, Kang MK. Camphorquinone inhibits odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells and triggers release of inflammatory cytokines. J Endod 2012; 39:57-61. [PMID: 23228258 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Camphorquinone (CQ) is a photoinitiator that triggers polymerization of light-curing materials such as dental adhesives and composites. CQ does not become a part of the polymer network, suggesting that CQ can be leached out into surrounding environment including dental pulp and exert adversary effects on tissues. In order to understand the mechanisms of CQ-induced side effects, we investigated the effect of CQ on cell viability, cytokine secretion, and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in vitro. METHODS Cell viability was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay after CQ exposure. Western blotting was performed for p16(INK4A), p21(WAF1), and p53. Secretory cytokines were evaluated using the membrane-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as conventional and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The effects of CQ on odontogenic differentiation were evaluated using alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S staining methods. RESULTS CQ treatment suppressed the proliferation of DPSCs and induced the expression of p16(INK4A), p21(WAF1), and p53. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (eg, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 [MMP3]) were increased by CQ treatment. CQ also inhibited odontogenic differentiation and mineralization capacities of DPSC and MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that CQ may trigger pulpal inflammation by inducing proinflammatory cytokine production from the pulpal cells and may impair odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells, resulting in pulpal irritation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben H Kim
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Gala-García A, Carneiro MBH, Silva GAB, Ferreira LS, Vieira LQ, Marques MM, Sinisterra RD, Cortes ME. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the biocompatibility of a calcium phosphate/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:1785-1796. [PMID: 22569732 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study assess the effects of bioceramic and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite (BCP/PLGA) on the viability of cultured macrophages and human dental pulp fibroblasts, and we sought to elucidate the temporal profile of the reaction of pulp capping with a composite of bioceramic of calcium phosphate and biodegradable polymer in the progression of delayed dentine bridge after (30 and 60 days) in vivo. Histological evaluation of inflammatory infiltrate and dentin bridge formation were performed after 30 and 60 days. There was similar progressive fibroblast growth in all groups and the macrophages showed viability. The in vivo study showed that of the three experimental groups: BCP/PLGA composite, BCP and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) dentin bridging was the most prevalent (90 %) in the BCP/PLGA composite after 30 days, mild to moderate inflammatory response was present throughout the pulp after 30 days. After 60 days was observed dentine bridging in 60 % and necrosis in 40 %, in both groups. The results indicate that understanding BCP/PLGA composite is biocompatible and by the best tissue response as compared to calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping may be important in the mechanism of delayed dentine bridge after 30 and 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gala-García
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dentistry Faculty, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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Kuga MC, Só MVR, De Campos EA, Faria G, Keine KC, Dantas AAR, Faria NB. Persistence of endodontic methacrylate-based cement residues on dentin adhesive surface treated with different chemical removal protocols. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1432-6. [PMID: 22718396 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of methacrylate-based cement residues on the dentin, after dentin surface cleaning with ethanol or acetone, with or without previous application of a dentin adhesive. Forty bovine crown fragments were obtained and the dentin surface was washed with 1.0 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), followed by 0.1 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid application for 3 min, and final irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl. The specimens were air dried and resin-based cement was rubbed onto the dentine surface with a microbrush applicator. In 20 specimens, previously to cement, a dentin adhesive was applied in all surfaces. After 15 min, the surface was scrubbed with a cotton pellet and moistened with ethanol or acetone, compounding the following groups: G1-99.5% ethanol and G2-acetone, without previous use of dentin adhesive; G3-99.5% ethanol and G4-acetone, with previous use of dentin adhesive. The dentin surface was scrubbed until the cement residues could not be visually detected. Sections were then processed for scanning electron microscopy and evaluated at 500× magnification and scores were attributed to each image according to the area covered by residual sealer, and data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis at 5% significance. The lower residue presence was observed in G3 (P = 0.005). All surface presented cement residues when acetone was used as cleaning solution (P = 0.0005). The cleaning solutions were unable to completely remove the cement residues from both surfaces. The ethanol used after previous application of the dentin adhesive promoted the lower presence of residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-University of Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Samara A, Sarri Y, Stravopodis D, Tzanetakis GN, Kontakiotis EG, Anastasiadou E. A comparative study of the effects of three root-end filling materials on proliferation and adherence of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Endod 2011; 37:865-70. [PMID: 21787507 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present in vitro study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and comparing the cytotoxic effects of three root-end filling materials, ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Memphis, TN), MTA Angelus (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), and a modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement (Super-EBA; Bosworth Co, Skokie, IL) on human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. METHODS PDL cells were cultured in an mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)- or a Super-EBA-conditioned medium to assess the viability as determined by the trypan blue exclusion assay. The proliferation of the cells was recorded, and the cellular morphology was observed by confocal microscopy. Moreover, PDL cell aggregates were cultured on the substrate surfaces to assess cell adhesion. RESULTS ProRoot MTA was found to be the most biocompatible material, whereas Super-EBA was found to be the most cytotoxic material because it significantly inhibited the cell growth and adherence on its. In the presence of ProRoot MTA, the PDL cell proliferation was almost unaltered. MTA Angelus was found to be more cytotoxic than ProRoot MTA, offering, however, excellent scaffold properties for the adhesion of cell aggregates. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of the present study, it seems that commercially available forms of MTA may behave in different ways regarding their proliferative effect on human PDL fibroblasts. ProRoot MTA appears to be the most biocompatible of the three tested materials when considering use for root-end endodontic microsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Samara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Cavalcanti BN, Rode SDM, França CM, Marques MM. Pulp capping materials exert an effect on the secretion of IL-1β and IL-8 by migrating human neutrophils. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25:13-8. [PMID: 21359446 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242011000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulp repair is a complex process whose mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The first immune cells to reach the damaged pulp are neutrophils that play an important role in releasing cytokines and in phagocytosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different pulp-capping materials on the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by migrating human neutrophils. Neutrophils were obtained from the blood of three healthy donors. The experimental groups were calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2)], an adhesive system (Single Bond), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Untreated cells were used as control. Transwell chambers were used in performing the assays to mimic an in vivo situation of neutrophil chemotaxis. The pulp-capping materials were placed in the lower chamber and the human neutrophils, in the upper chamber. The cells were counted and the culture medium was assayed using ELISA kits for detecting and quantifying IL-1β and IL8. The data were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The secretion of IL-8 was significantly higher in all groups in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). The adhesive system group showed higher IL-8 than the MTA group (p < 0.05). The secretion of IL-1β was significantly greater only in the MTA group (p < 0.001). It was concluded that only MTA is able to improve the secretion of IL-1β, and all materials tested increased IL-8 secretion. These results combined with all the other biological advantages of MTA indicate that it could be considered the material of choice for dental pulp capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Neves Cavalcanti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kaya A, Ündeğer Ü, Aydın S, Ömürlü H, Başaran N. Genotoxicity evaluation of dentine bonding agents by comet assay. Int Endod J 2011; 44:807-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Dantas CMG, Vivan CL, Ferreira LS, Freitas PMD, Marques MM. In vitro effect of low intensity laser on the cytotoxicity produced by substances released by bleaching gel. Braz Oral Res 2011; 24:460-6. [PMID: 21180969 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242010000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to analyze the effect of different parameters of phototherapy with low intensity laser on the viability of human dental pulp fibroblasts under the effect of substances released by bleaching gel. Cells were seeded into 96 wells plates (1 x 10³ cells/well) and placed in contact with culture medium conditioned by a 35 % hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel for 40 minutes, simulating the clinical condition of the in-office bleaching treatment. Cells cultured in ideal growth conditions served as positive control group (PC), and the cells grown in conditioned medium and non-irradiated served as negative control group (NC). Cells grown in conditioned medium were submitted to a single irradiation with a diode laser (40 mW, 0.04 cm²) emitting at visible red (660 nm; RL) or near infrared (780 nm; NIR) using punctual technique, in contact mode and energy densities of 4, 6 or 10 J/cm². The cell viability was analyzed through the MTT reduction assay immediately and 24 hours after the irradiation. The data was compared by ANOVA followed by the Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). The cell viability increased significantly in 24 hours within each group. The PC presented cell viability significantly higher than NC in both experimental times. Only the NIR/10 J/cm² group presented cell viability similar to that of PC in 24 hours. The phototherapy with low intensity laser in defined parameters is able to compensate the cytotoxic effects of substances released by 35 % hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel.
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Brackett MG, Messer RLW, Lockwood PE, Bryan TE, Lewis JB, Bouillaguet S, Wataha JC. Cytotoxic response of three cell lines exposed in vitro to dental endodontic sealers. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 95:380-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Modena KCDS, Casas-Apayco LC, Atta MT, Costa CADS, Hebling J, Sipert CR, Navarro MFDL, Santos CF. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of direct and indirect pulp capping materials. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 17:544-54. [PMID: 20027424 PMCID: PMC4327511 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several studies about the cytotoxic effects of dental materials in contact with the pulp tissue, such as calcium hydroxide (CH), adhesive systems, resin composite and glass ionomer cements. The aim of this review article was to summarize and discuss the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of materials used for protection of the dentin-pulp complex, some components of resin composites and adhesive systems when placed in direct or indirect contact with the pulp tissue. A large number of dental materials present cytotoxic effects when applied close or directly to the pulp, and the only material that seems to stimulate early pulp repair and dentin hard tissue barrier formation is CH.
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Urcan E, Haertel U, Styllou M, Hickel R, Scherthan H, Reichl FX. Real-time xCELLigence impedance analysis of the cytotoxicity of dental composite components on human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater 2010; 26:51-8. [PMID: 19767088 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aim of this study was by continuous monitoring to assay the proliferative capacity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), to investigate cytotoxicity of the most common monomers/comonomers in dental resin composites: bisphenol-A-glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA), hydroxyethylenemethacrylate (HEMA), triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and urethanedimethacrylate (UDMA) in HGFs during 24h exposure using the xCELLigence system. METHODS xCELLigence cell index (CI) impedance measurements were performed according to the instructions of the supplier. HGFs were resuspended in medium and subsequently adjusted to 400,000, 200,000, 100,000, and 50,000 cells/mL. After seeding 100 microL of the cell suspensions into the wells of the E-plate 96, HGFs were monitored every 15 min for a period of up to 18 h by the xCELLigence system. RESULTS Half maximum effect concentrations (EC(50)) were determined based on the dose-response curves derived by xCELLigence measurements. Following real-time analysis, significantly increased EC(50) values of HGFs exposed for 24h to the following substances were obtained: HEMA(a), TEGDMA(b), UDMA(c). The EC(50) values (mean [mmol/L]+/-S.E.M.; n=5) were: HEMA 11.20+/-0.3, TEGDMA(a) 3.61+/-0.2, UDMA(a,b) 0.20+/-0.1, and BisGMA(a,b,c) 0.08+/-0.1. These results are similar to the EC(50) values previously observed with the XTT end-point assay. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggests that the xCELLigence live cell analysis system offers dynamic live cell monitoring and combines high data acquisition rates with ease of handling. Therefore, the xCELLigence system can be used as a rapid monitoring tool for cellular viability and be applied in toxicity testing of xenobiotics using in vitro cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Urcan
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 26, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Arossi GA, Dihl RR, Lehmann M, Reguly ML, De Andrade HHR. Genetic Toxicology of Dental Composite Resin Extracts in Somatic Cells In Vivo. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:625-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Agis H, Stampfl B, Watzek G, Gruber R. Activated platelets increase proliferation and protein synthesis of human dental pulpâderived cells. Int Endod J 2010; 43:115-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ferriello V, Faria MR, Cavalcanti BN. The effects of low-level diode laser treatment and dental pulp-capping materials on the proliferation of L-929 fibroblasts. J Oral Sci 2010; 52:33-8. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.52.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Fagundes TC, Barata TJE, Prakki A, Bresciani E, Pereira JC. Indirect pulp treatment in a permanent molar: case reort of 4-year follow-up. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 17:70-4. [PMID: 19148410 PMCID: PMC4327618 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report describes the Indirect Pulp Treatment (IPT) of deep caries lesion in a permanent molar. A 16-year-old male patient reported discomfort associated with thermal stimulation on the permanent mandibular left first molar. The radiographs revealed a deep distal caries lesion, very close to the pulp, absence of radiolucencies in the periapical region, and absence of periodontal space thickening. Pulp sensitivity was confirmed by thermal pulp vitality tests. Based on the main complaint and the clinical and radiographic examinations, the treatment plan was established to preserve pulp vitality. Clinical procedures consisted of removing the infected dentin and lining the caries-affected dentin with calcium hydroxide paste. The tooth was provisionally sealed for approximately 60 days. After this period, tooth vitality was confirmed, the remaining carious dentin was removed, and the tooth was restored. At 4-year follow-up, no clinical or radiographic pathological findings were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Camargo SEA, Camargo CHR, Hiller KA, Rode SM, Schweikl H, Schmalz G. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of pulp capping materials in two cell lines. Int Endod J 2009; 42:227-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Martins MD, Marques MM, Bussadori SK, Martins MAT, Pavesi VCS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Fernandes KPS. Comparative analysis between Chamomilla recutita and corticosteroids on wound healing. An in vitro and in vivo study. Phytother Res 2009; 23:274-8. [PMID: 18803230 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The comparison of chamomile and corticosteroids for treating ulcers was done in vitro and in vivo. The experimental groups were: control; chamomile recutita; triamcinolone acetonide and clobetasol propionate. For the in vitro study the cell viability of fibroblasts cultured for 24 h in media conditioned by the substances was obtained by the MTT reduction analysis. For the in vivo study, 125 male rats were submitted to experimental ulcers treated or not (control) by the substances tested. At 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days later 5 animals of each group were sacrificed. The lesions were analyzed by means of clinical observation and histological wound-healing grading. Data were compared by ANOVA (p <or= 0.05). All experimental groups presented positive cell viability in 24 h. The cultures treated with chamomile presented the smallest cell viability. All animals of the chamomile group exhibited complete wound healing 9 days before the other groups. Complete repaired lesions were observed after 5 days of treatment only in the chamomile group. Animals treated with chamomile presented significantly faster wound healing in comparison to those treated with corticosteroids. Based on the conditions of this study, we concluded that chamomile in comparison to corticosteroids promotes faster wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Domingues Martins
- Rehabilitation Science Post-Graduation Program, Nove de Julho University - UNINOVE, São Paulo - SP, Brazil.
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Brackett MG, Marshall A, Lockwood PE, Lewis JB, Messer RLW, Bouillaguet S, Wataha JC. Cytotoxicity of endodontic materials over 6-weeksex vivo. Int Endod J 2008; 41:1072-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Miletic VJ, Santini A. Remaining unreacted methacrylate groups in resin-based composite with respect to sample preparation and storing conditions using micro-Raman spectroscopy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 87:468-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Di Pietro A, Visalli G, La Maestra S, Micale R, Baluce B, Matarese G, Cingano L, Scoglio ME. Biomonitoring of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of subjects with dental restorative fillings. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 650:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Reichl FX, Seiss M, Marquardt W, Kleinsasser N, Schweikl H, Kehe K, Hickel R. Toxicity potentiation by H2O2 with components of dental restorative materials on human oral cells. Arch Toxicol 2007; 82:21-8. [PMID: 17611738 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-007-0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity potentiation of two monomers [bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) and urethanedimethacrylate (UDMA)] as well as two comonomers [triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)], each in combination with H(2)O(2), was investigated on the viability on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and human pulpal fibroblasts (HPF). The applied concentration of H(2)O(2) was 0.06 or 0.1 mmol/l, respectively, corresponding to the EC(0) of H(2)O(2) in HGF or HPF. The cell viability was assessed by the XTT test. From this test the half maximum effect concentrations (EC(50)) were calculated from fitted sigmoidale curves. EC(50) values were (HGF; mmol/l; mean +/- s.e.m.; n = 5): HEMA 11.9 +/- 0.9, TEGDMA 3.7 +/- 0.3, H(2)O(2) 0.36 +/- 0.04, UDMA 0.27 +/- 0.08, and BisGMA 0.11 +/- 0.03. No significant (P < 0.05) differences in the EC(50) values were observed when HGF was exposed to substances, as compared to HPF. No significant decrease of the EC(50) values was found when HGF or HPF, respectively, was exposed to HEMA or BisGMA in addition with H(2)O(2) up to the concentration of 0.1 mmol/l, as compared to those EC(50) values of each compound without H(2)O(2) addition. A significant decrease of the TEGDMA EC(50) value from 3.7 to 2.1 or 0.4 mmol/l, respectively, was found when cells were exposed to TEGDMA in combination with H(2)O(2) (0.06 or 0.1 mmol/l), as compared to that TEGDMA EC(50) value without H(2)O(2) addition. A significant decrease of the UDMA EC(50) value from 0.27 to 0.11 or 0.08 mmol/l, respectively, was found when HGF or HPF was exposed to UDMA in combination with H(2)O(2) (0.06 or 0.1 mmol/l), as compared to that UDMA EC(50) value without H(2)O(2) addition. The addition of H(2)O(2) (0.06 or 0.1 mmol/l) resulted in a toxicity potentiation of TEGDMA and UDMA, but not of HEMA and BisGMA, on HGF or HPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 33, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Ergün G, Eğilmez F, Uçtaşli MB, Yilmaz S. Effect of light curing type on cytotoxicity of dentine-bonding agents. Int Endod J 2007; 40:216-23. [PMID: 17284266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the cytotoxic effects of dentine-bonding agents (DBAs) polymerized with two different curing units at 24 h and 72 h on L-929 cells. METHODOLOGY Disc-shaped test samples of light-activated DBAs were prepared according to manufacturers' instructions and cured with either conventional quartz tungsten halogen or light-emitting diode light curing units (LCUs). After curing, the samples were transferred into a culture medium for 24 h. Eluates were obtained and pipetted onto L-929 mouse fibroblast cultures (3 x 10(4) cells per well), incubated for evaluation after 24 and 72 h. After both incubation periods, measurements were performed by an dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium assay. The degree of cytotoxicity for each sample was determined according to the reference value represented by the cells with a control (culture without sample). Statistical significance was determined by a three-way analysis of variance followed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS No significant three-factor interaction occurred amongst LCUs, DBAs and time factors (P = 0.955). LCUs and DBAs had a significant two-factor interaction (P < 0.001). In general, the test materials cured with the light-emitting diode LCU demonstrated higher cell survival rates when compared with the those cured with the quartz tungsten halogen. CONCLUSIONS Differential toxic effects of the DBAs cured with the quartz tungsten halogen or the light-emitting diode on the fibroblast cells may prove to be very important when suitable DBAs or LCUs are used for operative restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ergün
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University Ankara, Turkey.
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