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Rodrigues EA, Rosa CM, Campos DHS, Damatto FC, Murata GM, Souza LM, Pagan LU, Gatto M, Brosler JY, Souza HOA, Martins MM, Bastos LM, Tanni SE, Okoshi K, Okoshi MP. The influence of dapagliflozin on cardiac remodeling, myocardial function and metabolomics in type 1 diabetes mellitus rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:223. [PMID: 37908006 PMCID: PMC10617150 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)2 inhibitors have displayed beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. As most clinical trials were performed in Type 2 DM, their effects in Type 1 DM have not been established. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of long-term treatment with SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on cardiac remodeling, myocardial function, energy metabolism, and metabolomics in rats with Type 1 DM. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into groups: Control (C, n = 15); DM (n = 15); and DM treated with dapagliflozin (DM + DAPA, n = 15) for 30 weeks. DM was induced by streptozotocin. Dapagliflozin 5 mg/kg/day was added to chow. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn. RESULTS DM + DAPA presented lower glycemia and higher body weight than DM. Echocardiogram showed DM with left atrium dilation and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, dilation, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction. In LV isolated papillary muscles, DM had reduced developed tension, +dT/dt and -dT/dt in basal condition and after inotropic stimulation. All functional changes were attenuated by dapagliflozin. Hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activity was lower in DM than C, and PFK and PK activity higher in DM + DAPA than DM. Metabolomics revealed 21 and 5 metabolites positively regulated in DM vs. C and DM + DAPA vs. DM, respectively; 6 and 3 metabolites were negatively regulated in DM vs. C and DM + DAPA vs. DM, respectively. Five metabolites that participate in cell membrane ultrastructure were higher in DM than C. Metabolites levels of N-oleoyl glutamic acid, chlorocresol and N-oleoyl-L-serine were lower and phosphatidylethanolamine and ceramide higher in DM + DAPA than DM. CONCLUSION Long-term treatment with dapagliflozin attenuates cardiac remodeling, myocardial dysfunction, and contractile reserve impairment in Type 1 diabetic rats. The functional improvement is combined with restored pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase activity and attenuated metabolomics changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Anderson Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Moreno Rosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Dijon Henrique Salome Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cesar Damatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- LIM29, Division of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Moreira Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Urbano Pagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Yumi Brosler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Hebreia Oliveira Almeida Souza
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mario Machado Martins
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Machado Bastos
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Suzana Erico Tanni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Politi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Effects of Resistance Exercise on Slow-Twitch Soleus Muscle of Infarcted Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020291. [PMID: 36829850 PMCID: PMC9952394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although current guidelines recommend resistance exercise in combination with aerobic training to increase muscle strength and prevent skeletal muscle loss during cardiac remodeling, its effects are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of resistance training on cardiac remodeling and the soleus muscle in long-term myocardial infarction (MI) rats. METHODS Three months after MI induction, male Wistar rats were assigned to Sham (n = 14), MI (n = 9), and resistance exercised MI (R-MI, n = 13) groups. The rats trained three times a week for 12 weeks on a climbing ladder. An echocardiogram was performed before and after training. Protein expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1/protein kinase B (Akt)/rapamycin target complex (mTOR) pathway was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Mortality rate was higher in MI than Sham; in the R-MI group, mortality rate was between that in MI and Sham and did not differ significantly from either group. Exercise increased maximal load capacity without changing cardiac structure and left ventricular function in infarcted rats. Infarction size did not differ between infarcted groups. Catalase activity was lower in MI than Sham and glutathione peroxidase lower in MI than Sham and R-MI. Protein expression of p70S6K was lower in MI than Sham and p-FoxO3 was lower in MI than Sham and R-MI. Energy metabolism did not differ between groups, except for higher phosphofrutokinase activity in R-MI than MI. CONCLUSION Resistance exercise is safe and increases muscle strength regardless structural and functional cardiac changes in myocardial-infarcted rats. This exercise modality attenuates soleus glycolytic metabolism changes and improves the expression of proteins required for protein turnover and antioxidant response.
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Integrative network analysis interweaves the missing links in cardiomyopathy diseasome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19670. [PMID: 36385157 PMCID: PMC9668833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are progressive disease conditions that give rise to an abnormal heart phenotype and are a leading cause of heart failures in the general population. These are complex diseases that show co-morbidity with other diseases. The molecular interaction network in the localised disease neighbourhood is an important step toward deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying these complex conditions. In this pursuit, we employed network medicine techniques to systematically investigate cardiomyopathy's genetic interplay with other diseases and uncover the molecular players underlying these associations. We predicted a set of candidate genes in cardiomyopathy by exploring the DIAMOnD algorithm on the human interactome. We next revealed how these candidate genes form association across different diseases and highlighted the predominant association with brain, cancer and metabolic diseases. Through integrative systems analysis of molecular pathways, heart-specific mouse knockout data and disease tissue-specific transcriptomic data, we screened and ascertained prominent candidates that show abnormal heart phenotype, including NOS3, MMP2 and SIRT1. Our computational analysis broadens the understanding of the genetic associations of cardiomyopathies with other diseases and holds great potential in cardiomyopathy research.
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Medeiros M, Ribeiro AO, Lupi LA, Romualdo GR, Pinhal D, Chuffa LGDA, Delella FK. Mimicking the tumor microenvironment: Fibroblasts reduce miR-29b expression and increase the motility of ovarian cancer cells in a co-culture model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:96-101. [PMID: 31200958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly prevalent gynecological malignancy worldwide. Throughout ovarian carcinogenesis, the crosstalk between cellular components of the microenvironment, including tumor cells and fibroblasts, is proposed to play critical roles in cancer progression. The dysregulation of microRNA expression is also a pronounced feature of the OC. The screening of microRNAs, mainly those involved in OC microenvironment, could have diagnostic and/or therapeutic potential for this malignancy. Thus, we assessed the influence of fibroblasts on microRNA expression and the motility of OC cells. To achieve this goal, SKOV-3 cancer cells were co-cultured with human normal fibroblasts derived from primary culture (FP-96). Cell viability, expression of tumor suppressor microRNAs and oncomiRs by RT-qPCR, cell migration by wound healing assay and analysis of MMP-2 activity by zymography were performed in SKOV-3 cells. Moreover, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was evaluated by Western blot in FP-96 fibroblasts. Notably, the co-culture downregulated the tumor suppressor miR-29b and increased migration of SKOV-3 cells. In addition, co-culture increased the activity of MMP-2, which is a miR-29 target, and accounted for extracellular matrix remodeling and augmented cellular motility. Concomitantly, the co-culture system induced α-SMA expression in FP-96 fibroblasts, the commonly expressed marker in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Our findings suggest that the potential crosstalk between OC cells and fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment may play a key role in the progression of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Medeiros
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Oliveira Ribeiro
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antônio Lupi
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Anatomy, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danillo Pinhal
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Karina Delella
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Exercise Prevents Diaphragm Wasting Induced by Cigarette Smoke through Modulation of Antioxidant Genes and Metalloproteinases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5909053. [PMID: 29789801 PMCID: PMC5896353 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5909053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to analyze the effects of physical training on an antioxidant canonical pathway and metalloproteinases activity in diaphragm muscle in a model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Male mice were randomized into control, smoke, exercise, and exercise + smoke groups, which were maintained in trial period of 24 weeks. Gene expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; nuclear factor erythroid-2 like 2; and heme-oxygenase1 by polymerase chain reaction was performed. Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 activities were analyzed by zymography. Exercise capacity was evaluated by treadmill exercise test before and after the protocol. Results Aerobic training inhibited diaphragm muscle wasting induced by cigarette smoke exposure. This inhibition was associated with improved aerobic capacity in those animals that were submitted to 24 weeks of aerobic training, when compared to the control and smoke groups, which were not submitted to training. The aerobic training also downregulated the increase of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and upregulated antioxidant genes, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2 like 2 (NRF2) and heme-oxygenase1 (HMOX1), in exercise + smoke group compared to smoke group. Conclusions Treadmill aerobic training protects diaphragm muscle wasting induced by cigarette smoke exposure involving upregulation of antioxidant genes and downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases.
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Integration of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles reveals microRNA-regulated networks during muscle wasting in cardiac cachexia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6998. [PMID: 28765595 PMCID: PMC5539204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac cachexia (CC) is a common complication of heart failure (HF) associated with muscle wasting and poor patient prognosis. Although different mechanisms have been proposed to explain muscle wasting during CC, its pathogenesis is still not understood. Here, we described an integrative analysis between miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of muscle wasting during CC. Global gene expression profiling identified 1,281 genes and 19 miRNAs differentially expressed in muscle wasting during CC. Several of these deregulated genes are known or putative targets of the altered miRNAs, including miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-210-5p, miR-214, and miR-489. Gene ontology analysis on integrative mRNA/miRNA expression profiling data revealed miRNA interactions affecting genes that regulate extra-cellular matrix (ECM) organization, proteasome protein degradation, citric acid cycle and respiratory electron transport. We further identified 11 miRNAs, including miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p, which target 21 transcripts encoding the collagen proteins related to ECM organization. Integrative miRNA and mRNA global expression data allowed us to identify miRNA target genes involved in skeletal muscle wasting in CC. Our functional experiments in C2C12 cells confirmed that miR-29b down-regulates collagen genes and contributes to muscle cell atrophy. Collectively, our results suggest that key ECM-associated miRNAs and their target genes may contribute to CC in HF.
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MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression in the prostatic tissue of two ethanol-preferring rat models. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:954548. [PMID: 26258010 PMCID: PMC4518171 DOI: 10.1155/2015/954548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether chronic ethanol intake is capable of altering the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 expression in the dorsal and lateral prostatic lobes of low (UChA) and high (UChB) ethanol-preferring rats. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression were significantly reduced in the lateral prostatic lobe of the ethanol drinking animals. Dorsal prostatic lobe was less affected showing no significant alterations in these proteins, except for a reduction in the TIMP-1 expression in UChA rats. These important findings demonstrate that chronic ethanol intake impairs the physiological balance of the prostate extracellular matrix turnover, through downregulation of MMPs, which may contribute to the development of prostatic diseases. Furthermore, since these proteins are also components of prostate secretion, the negative impact of chronic ethanol intake on fertility may also involve reduction of MMPs and TIMPs in the seminal fluid.
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Protease Nexin-1 affects the migration and invasion of C6 glioma cells through the regulation of urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2631-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kohli S, Chhabra A, Jaiswal A, Rustagi Y, Sharma M, Rani V. Curcumin suppresses gelatinase B mediated norepinephrine induced stress in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76519. [PMID: 24116115 PMCID: PMC3792053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling facilitates biomechanical signals in response to abnormal physiological conditions. This process is witnessed as one of the major effects of the stress imposed by catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE), on cardiac muscle cells. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the key proteases involved in degradation of the ECM in heart. Objectives The present study focuses on studying the effect of curcumin on Gelatinase B (MMP-9), an ECM remodeling regulatory enzyme, in NE-induced cardiac stress. Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol found in the spice turmeric, has been studied for its multi-fold beneficial properties. This study focuses on investigating the role of curcumin as a cardio-protectant. Methods H9c2 cardiomyocytes were subjected to NE and curcumin treatments to study the response in stress conditions. Effect on total collagen content was studied using Picrosirus red staining. Gelatinase B activity was assessed through Gel-Diffusion Assay and Zymographic techniques. RT-PCR, Western Blotting and Immunocytochemistry were performed to study effect on expression of gelatinase B. Further, the effect of curcumin on the localization of NF-κB, known to regulate gelatinase B, was also examined. Results Curcumin suppressed the increase in the total collagen content under hypertrophic stress and was found to inhibit the in-gel and in-situ gelatinolytic activity of gelatinase B. Moreover, it was found to suppress the mRNA and protein expression of gelatinase B. Conclusions The study provides an evidence for an overall inhibitory effect of curcumin on Gelatinase B in NE-induced hypertrophic stress in H9c2 cardiomyocytes which may contribute in the prevention of ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Kohli
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Damatto R, Martinez P, Lima A, Cezar M, Campos D, Oliveira Junior S, Guizoni D, Bonomo C, Nakatani B, Dal Pai Silva M, Carvalho R, Okoshi K, Okoshi M. Heart failure-induced skeletal myopathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:698-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Peviani SM, Russo TL, Durigan JLQ, Vieira BS, Pinheiro CM, Galassi MS, Salvini TF. Stretching and electrical stimulation regulate the metalloproteinase-2 in rat denervated skeletal muscle. Neurol Res 2013; 32:891-6. [DOI: 10.1179/174313209x459093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Rehn TA, Munkvik M, Lunde PK, Sjaastad I, Sejersted OM. Intrinsic skeletal muscle alterations in chronic heart failure patients: a disease-specific myopathy or a result of deconditioning? Heart Fail Rev 2013; 17:421-36. [PMID: 21996779 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) patients frequently experience impaired exercise tolerance due to skeletal muscle fatigue. Studies suggest that this in part is due to intrinsic alterations in skeletal muscle of CHF patients, often interpreted as a disease-specific myopathy. Knowledge about the mechanisms underlying these skeletal muscle alterations is of importance for the pathophysiological understanding of CHF, therapeutic approach and rehabilitation strategies. We here critically review the evidence for skeletal muscle alterations in CHF, the underlying mechanisms of such alterations and how skeletal muscle responds to training in this patient group. Skeletal muscle characteristics in CHF patients are very similar to what is reported in response to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), detraining and deconditioning. Furthermore, skeletal muscle alterations observed in CHF patients are reversible by training, and skeletal muscle of CHF patients seems to be at least as trainable as that of matched controls. We argue that deconditioning is a major contributor to the skeletal muscle dysfunction in CHF patients and that further research is needed to determine whether, and to what extent, the intrinsic skeletal muscle alterations in CHF represent an integral part of the pathophysiology in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Rehn
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway.
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Toricelli M, Melo FHM, Peres GB, Silva DCP, Jasiulionis MG. Timp1 interacts with beta-1 integrin and CD63 along melanoma genesis and confers anoikis resistance by activating PI3-K signaling pathway independently of Akt phosphorylation. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:22. [PMID: 23522389 PMCID: PMC3635912 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoikis resistance is one of the abilities acquired along tumor progression. This characteristic is associated with metastasis development, since tumorigenic cells must survive independently of cell-matrix interactions in this process. In our laboratory, it was developed a murine melanocyte malignant transformation model associated with a sustained stressful condition. After subjecting melan-a melanocytes to 1, 2, 3 and 4 cycles of anchorage impediment, anoikis resistant cells were established and named 1C, 2C, 3C and 4C, respectively. These cells showed altered morphology and PMA independent cell growth, but were not tumorigenic, corresponding to pre-malignant cells. After limiting dilution of 4C pre-malignant cells, melanoma cell lines with different characteristics were obtained. Previous data from our group showed that increased Timp1 expression correlated with anoikis-resistant phenotype. Timp1 was shown to confer anchorage-independent growth capability to melan-a melanocytes and render melanoma cells more aggressive when injected into mice. However, the mechanisms involved in anoikis regulation by Timp1 in tumorigenic cells are not clear yet. METHODS The β1-integrin and Timp1 expression were evaluated by Western blotting and CD63 protein expression by flow cytometry using specific antibodies. To analyze the interaction among Timp1, CD63 and β1-integrin, immunoprecipitation assays were performed, anoikis resistance capability was evaluated in the presence or not of the PI3-K inhibitors, Wortmannin and LY294002. Relative expression of TIMP1 and CD63 in human metastatic melanoma cells was analyzed by real time PCR. RESULTS Differential association among Timp1, CD63 and β1-integrins was observed in melan-a melanocytes, 4C pre-malignant melanocytes and 4C11- and 4C11+ melanoma cells. Timp1 present in conditioned medium of melanoma cells rendered melan-a melanocytes anoikis-resistant through PI3-K signaling pathway independently of Akt activation. In human melanoma cell lines, in which TIMP1 and beta-1 integrin were also found to be interacting, TIMP1 and CD63 levels together was shown to correlate significantly with colony formation capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Timp1 is assembled in a supramolecular complex containing CD63 and β1-integrins along melanoma genesis and confers anoikis resistance by activating PI3-K signaling pathway, independently of Akt phosphorylation. In addition, our data point TIMP1, mainly together with CD63, as a potential biomarker of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Toricelli
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Souza PAT, Matheus SMM, Castan EP, Campos DHS, Cicogna AC, Carvalho RF, Dal-Pai-Silva M. Morphological aspects of neuromuscular junctions and gene expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in skeletal muscle of rats with heart failure. J Mol Histol 2011; 42:557-65. [PMID: 21928074 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-011-9354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HF is syndrome initiated by a reduction in cardiac function and it is characterized by the activation of compensatory mechanisms. Muscular fatigue and dyspnoea are the more common symptoms in HF; these may be due in part to specific skeletal muscle myopathy characterized by reduced oxidative capacity, a shift from slow fatigue resistant type I to fast less fatigue resistant type II fibers and downregulation of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) gene expression that can regulate gene expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In chronic heart failure, skeletal muscle phenotypic changes could influence the maintenance of the neuromuscular junction morphology and nAChRs gene expression during this syndrome. Two groups of rats were studied: control (CT) and Heart Failure (HF), induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT). At the end of the experiment, HF was evaluated by clinical signs and animals were sacrificed. Soleus (SOL) muscles were removed and processed for morphological, morphometric and molecular NMJ analyses. Our major finding was an up-regulation in the gene expression of the alpha1 and epsilon subunits of nAChR and a spot pattern of nAChR in SOL skeletal muscle in this acute monocrotaline induced HF. Our results suggest a remodeling of nAChR alpha1 and epsilon subunit during heart failure and may provide valuable information for understanding the skeletal muscle myopathy that occurs during this syndrome.
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Dahiya S, Bhatnagar S, Hindi SM, Jiang C, Paul PK, Kuang S, Kumar A. Elevated levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 cause hypertrophy in skeletal muscle of normal and dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4345-59. [PMID: 21846793 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of extracellular proteases involved in tissue remodeling in several physiological and pathophysiological conditions. While increased expression of MMPs (especially MMP-9) has been observed in skeletal muscle in numerous conditions, their physiological significance remains less-well understood. By generating novel skeletal muscle-specific transgenic (Tg) mice expressing constitutively active mutant of MMP-9 (i.e. MMP-9G100L), in this study, we have investigated the effects of elevated levels of MMP-9 on skeletal muscle structure and function in vivo. Tg expression of enzymatically active MMP-9 protein significantly increased skeletal muscle fiber cross-section area, levels of contractile proteins and force production in isometric contractions. MMP-9 stimulated the activation of the Akt signaling pathway in Tg mice. Moreover, expression of active MMP-9 increased the proportion of fast-type fiber in soleus muscle of mice. Overexpression of MMP-9 also considerably reduced the deposition of collagens I and IV in skeletal muscle in vivo. In one-year-old mdx mice (a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD), deletion of the Mmp9 gene reduced fiber hypertrophy and phosphorylation of Akt and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Collectively, our study suggests that elevated levels of active MMP-9 protein cause hypertrophy in skeletal muscle and that the modulation of MMP-9 levels may have therapeutic value in various muscular disorders including DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dahiya
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Ali MAM, Cho WJ, Hudson B, Kassiri Z, Granzier H, Schulz R. Titin is a target of matrix metalloproteinase-2: implications in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Circulation 2010; 122:2039-47. [PMID: 21041693 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.930222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titin is the largest mammalian (≈3000 to 4000 kDa) and myofilament protein that acts as a molecular spring in the cardiac sarcomere and determines systolic and diastolic function. Loss of titin in ischemic hearts has been reported, but the mechanism of titin degradation is not well understood. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is localized to the cardiac sarcomere and, on activation in ischemia/reperfusion injury, proteolyzes specific myofilament proteins. Here we determine whether titin is an intracellular substrate for MMP-2 and if its degradation during ischemia/reperfusion contributes to cardiac contractile dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy in rat and human hearts showed discrete colocalization between MMP-2 and titin in the Z-disk region of titin and that MMP-2 is localized mainly to titin near the Z disk of the cardiac sarcomere. Both purified titin and titin in skinned cardiomyocytes were proteolyzed when incubated with MMP-2 in a concentration-dependent manner, and this was prevented by MMP inhibitors. Isolated rat hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury showed cleavage of titin in ventricular extracts by gel electrophoresis, which was confirmed by reduced titin immunostaining in tissue sections. Inhibition of MMP activity with ONO-4817 prevented ischemia/reperfusion-induced titin degradation and improved the recovery of myocardial contractile function. Titin degradation was also reduced in hearts from MMP-2 knockout mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion in vivo compared with wild-type controls. CONCLUSION MMP-2 localizes to titin at the Z-disk region of the cardiac sarcomere and contributes to titin degradation in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Molina FD, Santos FCA, Falleiros LR, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Felisbino SL, Justulin LA, Maniglia JV, Taboga SR. Microscopical evaluation of extracellular matrix and its relation to the palatopharyngeal muscle in obstructive sleep apnea. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 74:430-9. [PMID: 20836084 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a complex disease of the upper respiratory airways. SAHS physiopathology is multifactorial in which airway compliance is a very important component. To evaluate the tissue changes in the palatopharyngeal muscle by morphometric, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and stereological quantification, with special attention to extracellular matrix associated with this muscle at the structural and ultrastructural levels. Thirty patients with SAHS were divided into groups of 10 according to disease severity: mild, moderate, and severe SAHS. In addition, the control group consisted of 10 patients. Fragments of palatopharyngeal muscle removed from patients with SAHS and tonsillectomies from patients in the control group were histopathologically submitted to light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Histopathological evaluations by light and transmission electron microscopes showed differences in analyzed groups, such as reduction of the muscle fiber diameter in patients with SAHS, taking disease severity into consideration. In contrast, stereological analysis showed a gradual increase of the collagen and elastic system fibers relative frequencies, proportionally to SAHS seriousness. MMP-2 and MMP-9 immunostaining also showed an increased reaction in the muscle fiber cytoplasm and endomisium during SAHS progression. The ultrastructural analysis showed that palatopharyngeal muscle fibers presented cytoplasmic residual corpuscles, a sign of early cell aging. In conclusion, the increase of tissue compliance in individuals with SAHS can be, in addition to other factors, consequence of diminished contractile activity of the muscle fibers, which exhibited clear signs of early senescence. Moreover, extracellular matrix components changes may contribute to muscle myopathy during SAHS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando D Molina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Service for Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine at Sao Jose do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Santos DPD, Okoshi K, Moreira VO, Seiva FRF, Almeida FLAD, Padovani CR, Carvalho RF, Okoshi MP, Cicogna AC, Castro AVB, Pai-Silva MD. Growth hormone attenuates skeletal muscle changes in experimental chronic heart failure. Growth Horm IGF Res 2010; 20:149-155. [PMID: 20060348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of growth hormone (GH) on morphology and myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) gene expression in skeletal muscle of rats with ascending aortic stenosis (AAS) induced chronic heart failure. DESIGN Male 90-100g Wistar rats were subjected to thoracotomy. AAS was created by placing a stainless-steel clip on the ascending aorta. Twenty five weeks after surgery, rats were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of recombinant human GH (2mg/kg/day; AAS-GH group) or saline (AAS group) for 14 days. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed before and after treatment. IGF-1 serum levels were measured by ELISA. After anesthesia, soleus muscle was frozen in liquid nitrogen. Histological sections were stained with HE and picrosirius red to calculate muscle fiber cross-sectional area and collagen fractional area, respectively. MRF myogenin and MyoD expression was analyzed by reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS Body weight was similar between groups. AAS and AAS-GH groups presented dilated left atrium, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LV mass index: Control 1.90+/-0.15; AAS 3.11+/-0.44; AAS-GH 2.94+/-0.47 g/kg; p<0.05 AAS and AAS-GH vs. Control), and reduced LV posterior wall shortening velocity. Soleus muscle fiber area was significantly lower in AAS than in Control and AAS-GH groups; there was no difference between AAS-GH and Control groups. Collagen fractional area was significantly higher in AAS than Control; AAS-GH did not differ from both Control and AAS groups. Serum IGF-1 levels decreased in AAS compared to Control. MyoD mRNA was significantly higher in AAS-GH than AAS; there was no difference between AAS-GH and Control groups. Myogenin mRNA levels were similar between groups. CONCLUSION In rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure, growth hormone administration increases MyoD gene expression above non-treated animal levels, preserves muscular trophism and attenuates interstitial fibrosis. These results suggest that growth hormone may have a potential role as an adjuvant therapy for chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Pioli dos Santos
- Department of Morphology, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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De Mello Malheiro OC, Giacomini CT, Justulin LA, Delella FK, Dal-Pai-Silva M, Felisbino SL. Calcaneal Tendon Regions Exhibit Different MMP-2 Activation After Vertical Jumping and Treadmill Running. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:1656-62. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lee RH, Pulin AA, Seo MJ, Kota DJ, Ylostalo J, Larson BL, Semprun-Prieto L, Delafontaine P, Prockop DJ. Intravenous hMSCs improve myocardial infarction in mice because cells embolized in lung are activated to secrete the anti-inflammatory protein TSG-6. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 5:54-63. [PMID: 19570514 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1362] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative assays for human DNA and mRNA were used to examine the paradox that intravenously (i.v.) infused human multipotent stromal cells (hMSCs) can enhance tissue repair without significant engraftment. After 2 x 10(6) hMSCs were i.v. infused into mice, most of the cells were trapped as emboli in lung. The cells in lung disappeared with a half-life of about 24 hr, but <1000 cells appeared in six other tissues. The hMSCs in lung upregulated expression of multiple genes, with a large increase in the anti-inflammatory protein TSG-6. After myocardial infarction, i.v. hMSCs, but not hMSCs transduced with TSG-6 siRNA, decreased inflammatory responses, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac function. I.v. administration of recombinant TSG-6 also reduced inflammatory responses and reduced infarct size. The results suggest that improvements in animal models and patients after i.v. infusions of MSCs are at least in part explained by activation of MSCs to secrete TSG-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryang Hwa Lee
- Center for Gene Therapy, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Delella FK, Justulin Jr LA, Felisbino SL. Finasteride treatment alters MMP-2 and -9 gene expression and activity in the rat ventral prostate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 33:e114-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.00970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Rehn TA, Borge BA, Lunde PK, Munkvik M, Sneve ML, Grøndahl F, Aronsen JM, Sjaastad I, Prydz K, Kolset SO, Wiig H, Sejersted OM, Iversen PO. Temporary fatigue and altered extracellular matrix in skeletal muscle during progression of heart failure in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297:R26-33. [PMID: 19339678 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90617.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) experience increased skeletal muscle fatigue. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unknown, but a deranged extracellular matrix (ECM) might be a contributing factor. Hence, we examined ECM components and regulators in a rat postinfarction model of CHF. At various time points during a 3.5 mo-period after induction of CHF in rats by left coronary artery ligation, blood, interstitial fluid (IF), and muscles were sampled. Isoflurane anesthesia was employed during all surgical procedures. IF was extracted by wicks inserted intermuscularly in a hind limb. We measured cytokines in plasma and IF, whereas matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and collagen content, as well as the level of glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronan were determined in hind limb muscle. In vivo fatigue protocols of the soleus muscle were performed at 42 and 112 days after induction of heart failure. We found that the MMP activity and collagen content in the skeletal muscles increased significantly at 42 days after induction of CHF, and these changes were time related to increased skeletal muscle fatigability. These parameters returned to sham levels at 112 days. VEGF in IF was significantly lower in CHF compared with sham-operated rats at 3 and 10 days, but no difference was observed at 112 days. We conclude that temporary alterations in the ECM, possibly triggered by VEGF, are related to a transient development of skeletal muscle fatigue in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy A Rehn
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo Univ. Hospital-Ullevaal, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.
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Ishibashi Y, Takahashi N, Tokumaru A, Karino K, Sugamori T, Sakane T, Kodani N, Kunizawa Y, Yoshitomi H, Sato H, Oyake N, Murakami Y, Shimada T. Activation of inducible NOS in peripheral vessels and outcomes in heart failure patients. J Card Fail 2008; 14:724-31. [PMID: 18995176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.06.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been reported in congestive heart failure (CHF) conditions. However, it is unknown whether activation of iNOS affects prognosis of CHF patients. We prospectively studied the influence of activation of iNOS in the forearm on the outcome of CHF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to 3 doses of acetylcholine (ACh) and nitroglycerin (NTG), and 4 doses of a selective iNOS inhibitor (aminoguanidine: Amn) and a nonselective NOS inhibitor (L-NMMA) were examined using plethysmography in 68 patients with CHF from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were also measured in all patients. During the mean follow-up period of 3.8 years, 25 patients were hospitalized for worsening heart failure and 9 of these patients died. Patients with adverse events had a diminished vasodilator response to ACh (P < .001) compared to patients without adverse events. Amn significantly decreased FBF (P < .001) in patients with adverse events, but not in patients without adverse events. FBF responses to NTG and L-NMMA were not significantly different between the 2 groups. When grouped by maximum FBF responses to each drug above and below the median value, multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analyses for cardiac event showed a significance in the FBF response to Amn (adjusted hazard ratio 5.89, P < .001). FBF responses to maximum dose of Amn significantly correlated with BNP and TNF-alpha levels (both P < .001). CONCLUSIONS CHF patients with vascular iNOS activation, as demonstrated by a greater vasoconstrictor response to Amn, had poor outcomes. Activation of iNOS in peripheral vessels, associated with proinflammatory cytokines in accordance to the severity of heart failure, is a marker for, or contributes to, adverse events in patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ishibashi
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan.
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Lu L, Zhang Q, Pu LJ, Peng WH, Yan XX, Wang LJ, Chen QJ, Zhu ZB, Michel JB, Shen WF. Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors is related to abnormality of left ventricular geometry and function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic minipigs. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:125-37. [PMID: 18336530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in relation to changes in left ventricle (LV) geometry and function in a porcine model with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In 15 Chinese Guizhou minipigs with STZ-induced diabetes (diabetic group) and 15 age-matched normal controls (control group), Doppler tissue imaging was performed at 6 months of diabetes. Serum MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, -4 and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were determined. Expression of MMPs, TIMPs, urokinase type-plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in aortic intima and LV myocardium was evaluated, with gelatinolytic activities of tissue MMP-2, -9 accessed by zymography. Left ventricle end-diastolic septum thickness (P < 0.05) and mass (P < 0.05) were increased, whereas peak systolic mitral annulus velocity (Sm, P < 0.001), LV systolic (P = 0.01) and diastolic strain (P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in diabetic group than in controls. Diabetic group showed higher expression of TIMP-1, -4 in aortic intima and LV myocardium (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), with increased collagen content and elevated serum BNP level (P = 0.004) and lower gelatinolytic activities of tissue MMP-2, -9 (all P < 0.05). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR of those diabetic tissues revealed elevated mRNA levels of major TIMPs, uPA, uPAR and PAI-1. Reduction of serum MMP-2 and -9 levels was observed in diabetic group vs. control group (both P < 0.05). This study features elevated levels of TIMP-1, -4, uPA, uPAR and PAI-1, and decreased activities of MMP-2, -9 in aorta and myocardium in STZ-induced diabetic minipigs, indicating that MMP-TIMP dysregulation is associated with LV hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction and increased cardiovascular fibrosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Russo TL, Peviani SM, Durigan JLQ, Salvini TF. Electrical stimulation increases matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene expression but does not change its activity in denervated rat muscle. Muscle Nerve 2008; 37:593-600. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.20985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Srivastava AK, Qin X, Wedhas N, Arnush M, Linkhart TA, Chadwick RB, Kumar A. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha augments matrix metalloproteinase-9 production in skeletal muscle cells through the activation of transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-dependent signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:35113-24. [PMID: 17897957 PMCID: PMC4154379 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705329200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on the production of extracellular matrix-degrading proteases in skeletal muscles. Using microarray, quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and zymography, we found that TNF-alpha drastically increases the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 from C2C12 myotubes. In vivo administration of TNF-alpha in mice increased the transcript level of MMP-9 in skeletal muscle tissues. Although TNF-alpha activated all the three MAPKs (i.e. ERK1/2, JNK, and p38), inhibition of ERK1/2 or p38 but not JNK blunted the TNF-alpha-induced production of MMP-9 from myotubes. Inhibition of Akt also inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced production of MMP-9. TNF-alpha increased the activation of transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 but not SP-1 in myotubes. Overexpression of a dominant negative inhibitor of NF-kappaB or AP-1 blocked the TNF-alpha-induced expression of MMP-9 in myotubes. Similarly, point mutations in AP-1- or NF-kappaB-binding sites in MMP-9 promoter inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced expression of a reporter gene. TNF-alpha increased the activity of transforming growth factor-beta-activating kinase-1 (TAK1). Furthermore, overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of TAK1 blocked the TNF-alpha-induced expression of MMP-9 and activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1. Our results also suggest that TNF-alpha induces MMP-9 expression in muscle cells through the recruitment of TRAF-2, Fas-associated protein with death domain, and TNF receptor-associated protein with death domain but not NIK or TRAF-6 proteins. We conclude that TAK1-mediated pathways are involved in TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 production in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva K Srivastava
- Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92357, USA
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