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Dupnock TL, Deshusses MA. Detailed investigations of dissolved hydrogen and hydrogen mass transfer in a biotrickling filter for upgrading biogas. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121780. [PMID: 31325841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the hydrogen mass transfer limitations in a biotrickling filter inoculated with hydrogenotrophic methanogens for biogas upgrading. A highly sensitive dissolved hydrogen probe allowed measuring concentrations in real-time. Experiments were conducted to test the mass transfer resistance in the gas and liquid films. Results demonstrated that the main resistance resides in the trickling liquid film and that promoting direct gas-biofilm mass transfer could improve upgrading performance by about 20%. Increasing the gas velocity (keeping a constant gas contact time) lowered the upgrading capacity. This was explained by the lowering of the concentration to the average concentration throughout the bed, which resulted a lower reaction rate. At extended gas contact times, the bioreactor shifted from microbial to diffusion limitation, causing lower upgrading capacities. Methane-containing biogas mimics (H2/CH4/CO2) were successfully upgraded to natural gas pipeline standards (>97% methane) with only minor performance reduction compared to upgrading just a H2/CO2 mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha L Dupnock
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 127C, Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0287, USA
| | - Marc A Deshusses
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 127C, Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0287, USA.
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2
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Glass JB, Orphan VJ. Trace metal requirements for microbial enzymes involved in the production and consumption of methane and nitrous oxide. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:61. [PMID: 22363333 PMCID: PMC3282944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluxes of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are heavily influenced by microbiological activity. Microbial enzymes involved in the production and consumption of greenhouse gases often contain metal cofactors. While extensive research has examined the influence of Fe bioavailability on microbial CO(2) cycling, fewer studies have explored metal requirements for microbial production and consumption of the second- and third-most abundant greenhouse gases, methane (CH(4)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O). Here we review the current state of biochemical, physiological, and environmental research on transition metal requirements for microbial CH(4) and N(2)O cycling. Methanogenic archaea require large amounts of Fe, Ni, and Co (and some Mo/W and Zn). Low bioavailability of Fe, Ni, and Co limits methanogenesis in pure and mixed cultures and environmental studies. Anaerobic methane oxidation by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) likely occurs via reverse methanogenesis since ANME possess most of the enzymes in the methanogenic pathway. Aerobic CH(4) oxidation uses Cu or Fe for the first step depending on Cu availability, and additional Fe, Cu, and Mo for later steps. N(2)O production via classical anaerobic denitrification is primarily Fe-based, whereas aerobic pathways (nitrifier denitrification and archaeal ammonia oxidation) require Cu in addition to, or possibly in place of, Fe. Genes encoding the Cu-containing N(2)O reductase, the only known enzyme capable of microbial N(2)O conversion to N(2), have only been found in classical denitrifiers. Accumulation of N(2)O due to low Cu has been observed in pure cultures and a lake ecosystem, but not in marine systems. Future research is needed on metalloenzymes involved in the production of N(2)O by enrichment cultures of ammonia oxidizing archaea, biological mechanisms for scavenging scarce metals, and possible links between metal bioavailability and greenhouse gas fluxes in anaerobic environments where metals may be limiting due to sulfide-metal scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. Glass
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA, USA
| | - Victoria J. Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA, USA
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3
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Didier C, Forno G, Etcheverrigaray M, Kratje R, Goicoechea H. Novel chemometric strategy based on the application of artificial neural networks to crossed mixture design for the improvement of recombinant protein production in continuous culture. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 650:167-74. [PMID: 19720188 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The optimal blends of six compounds that should be present in culture media used in recombinant protein production were determined by means of artificial neural networks (ANN) coupled with crossed mixture experimental design. This combination constitutes a novel approach to develop a medium for cultivating genetically engineered mammalian cells. The compounds were collected in two mixtures of three elements each, and the experimental space was determined by a crossed mixture design. Empirical data from 51 experimental units were used in a multiresponse analysis to train artificial neural networks which satisfy different requirements, in order to define two new culture media (Medium 1 and Medium 2) to be used in a continuous biopharmaceutical production process. These media were tested in a bioreactor to produce a recombinant protein in CHO cells. Remarkably, for both predicted media all responses satisfied the predefined goals pursued during the analysis, except in the case of the specific growth rate (mu) observed for Medium 1. ANN analysis proved to be a suitable methodology to be used when dealing with complex experimental designs, as frequently occurs in the optimization of production processes in the biotechnology area. The present work is a new example of the use of ANN for the resolution of a complex, real life system, successfully employed in the context of a biopharmaceutical production process.
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4
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Hudson MJ, Roberts AK. Establishment of Methanogens in the Infant Intestine. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609309141339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Hudson
- Division of Pathology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology & Research, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - A. K. Roberts
- Division of Pathology, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology & Research, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts, SP4 0JG, UK
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6
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Jones J. A note on the isolation and enumeration of bacteria which deposit and reduce ferric iron. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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VAN DEN BERG L, LAMB KA, MURRAY WD, ARMSTRONG DW. Effects of Sulphate, Iron and Hydrogen on the Microbiological Conversion of Acetic Acid to Methane*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1980.tb01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Liu JS, Schill N, van Gulik WM, Voisard D, Marison IW, von Stockar U. The coupling between catabolism and anabolism of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum in H2- and iron-limited continuous cultures. Enzyme Microb Technol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(99)00109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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A medium optimization strategy for improvement of growth and methane production by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. J Biotechnol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(96)01565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Kennedy MJ, Spooner NR. Using fuzzy logic to design fermentation media: A comparison to neural networks and factorial design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00161083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Preeti Rao P, Seenayya G. Improvement of methanogenesis from cow dung and poultry litter waste digesters by addition of iron. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1994; 10:211-4. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00360890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/01/1993] [Accepted: 09/06/1993] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Southam G, Beveridge TJ. Detection of growth sites in and protomer pools for the sheath of Methanospirillum hungatei GP1 by use of constituent organosulfur and immunogold labeling. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:6460-70. [PMID: 1400199 PMCID: PMC207604 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.20.6460-6470.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanospirillum hungatei GP1 integrated approximately 9% of cellular [35S]cysteine into its sheath. Autoradiography of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels revealed that [35S]cysteine was confined to the proteins released by the sodium dodecyl sulfate-beta-mercaptoethanol-EDTA solubilization method (G. Southam and T. J. Beveridge, J. Bacteriol. 173:6213-6222, 1991) and was not present in the proteins released by treatment with phenol (G. Southam and T. J. Beveridge, J. Bacteriol. 174:935-946, 1992). Limited labeling of exposed sulfhydryl groups on hoops produced from sheath material suggested that most organosulfur groups occur within hoops and therefore help contribute to resilience. Electron microscopic autoradiography demonstrated that sheath growth, which is most active at the sites of cell division (spacer region), occurs through the de novo development of hoops. For growth to occur in the spacer region, sheath precursors must transverse several periodic envelope layers, including the cell wall (a single layer) and the various lamellae of the spacer plug (T. J. Beveridge, G. D. Sprott, and P. Whippey, J. Bacteriol. 173:130-140, 1991).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Southam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Annachhatre AP, Bhamidimarri SM. Microbial attachment and growth in fixed-film reactors: Process startup considerations. Biotechnol Adv 1992; 10:69-91. [PMID: 14540801 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(92)91352-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optimal steady-state performance of any biofilm reactor requires a fully developed and mature biofilm. During fixed-film reactor startup phase, biofilm is in process of development and accordingly, process performance is difficult to quantify. Environmental, cellular and surface factors greatly influence the process of biofilm formation during reactor startup. Improved knowledge of nutritional, toxicological and environmental requirements of wastewater degrading microorganisms has helped define optimal microbial growth conditions. In case of anaerobic fixed film reactors the startup is hindered by low microbial growth rates, strict environmental requirements and limited ability of methanogens to adhere and form fixed biofilms. These obstacles could be overcome by proper support media selection and formulation of appropriate inoculation procedures and startup strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Annachhatre
- Department of Biotechnology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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14
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Raju NR, Devi SS, Nand K. Influence of trace elements on biogas production from mango processing waste in 1.5 m3 KVIC digesters. Biotechnol Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01031002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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16
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17
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Fathepure BZ. Factors Affecting the Methanogenic Activity of
Methanothrix soehngenii
VNBF. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987; 53:2978-82. [PMID: 16347514 PMCID: PMC204234 DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.12.2978-2982.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane production by
Methanothrix soehngenii
VNBF grown on acetate (50 mM) as the sole carbon and energy source was influenced by the addition of Fe, trace elements, and pesticides. The addition of Fe and trace elements significantly enhanced the rate of CH
4
production. The addition of pesticides in the early growth phase caused complete inhibition. However, less inhibition was noted when pesticides were added during early exponential growth phase. Addition to culture tubes of Co, Ni, or Mo at 2 μM produced 64, 41, or 17%, respectively, more CH
4
than that produced in tubes lacking the corresponding trace element. A concentration of more than 5 μM of these trace elements in the medium resulted in decreased CH
4
production, presumably because of toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Z Fathepure
- Microbiology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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18
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Trace metal and vitamin requirements of Methanococcoides methylutens grown with trimethylamine. Arch Microbiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00447058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Dependence of the specific growth rate of methanogenic mutualistic cocultures on the methanogen. Arch Microbiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00423273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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King GM, Guist GG, Lauterbach GE. Anaerobic Degradation of Carrageenan from the Red Macroalga
Eucheuma cottonii. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 49:588-92. [PMID: 16346752 PMCID: PMC373554 DOI: 10.1128/aem.49.3.588-592.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic degradation of the sulfated polysaccharide carrageenan was investigated by batch digestion of the red macroalga
Eucheuma cottonii.
During a 10-week incubation, ca. 60% of the starting
E. cottonii
biomass was fermented to CO
2
, methane, and volatile fatty acids (predominantly acetate). Carrageenan degradation paralleled the loss of total biomass, suggesting no preferential degradation or preservation. After 10 weeks of incubation, the carrageenan content of the remaining biomass was 51%, as opposed to 61% of the original
E. cottonii
biomass. Carrageenan recovered after 10 weeks of digestion had a lower average molecular weight (319,000 versus 510,000) and formed solutions with considerably lower viscosities than did intact carrageenan. The percent C and percent N content of the particulate material in the digestors increased over time, probably as a result of microbial growth. In contrast, the percent S content decreased continuously; the loss of sulfur was most likely a result of the hydrolysis of carrageenan. Results from this study indicate that it is not economically viable to process
E. cottonii
simultaneously for hydrocolloids and methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M King
- I. C. Darling Center, University of Maine, Walpole, Maine 04573
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21
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Pankhania I, Robinson J. Heavy metal inhibition of methanogenesis byMethanospirillum hungateiGP1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb00741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Shelton DR, Tiedje JM. General method for determining anaerobic biodegradation potential. Appl Environ Microbiol 1984; 47:850-7. [PMID: 6721493 PMCID: PMC239775 DOI: 10.1128/aem.47.4.850-857.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, generalized method was refined and validated to test whether an organic chemical was susceptible to anaerobic degradation to CH4 + CO2. The method used digested sewage sludge diluted to 10% and incubated anaerobically in 160-ml serum bottles with 50 micrograms of C per ml of test chemical. Biodegradation was determined by the net increase in gas pressure in bottles with test chemicals over the pressure in nonamended sludge bottles. Gas production was measured by gas chromatography and by a pressure transducer. The latter method is recommended because of its speed, accuracy, and low cost. Sewage sludge from municipal digesters with 15- to 30-day retention times was found to be suitable. The sludge could be stored anaerobically at 4 degrees C for up to 4 weeks with satisfactory test results. p-Cresol, phthalic acid, and ethanol are suggested as reference chemicals to confirm sludge activity and method reliability. A revised anaerobic salts medium was developed which minimizes problems of a biological gas production (CO2), avoids precipitation, and meets the requirements of the anaerobic microbiota. When greater than 75% of the theoretical gas production was observed, the chemical was judged to be degradable, and when 30 to 75% of the expected gas was produced, it was termed partially degradable. This method has been tested on more than 100 chemicals of various physical properties and found to reproducibly determine anaerobic biodegradation potential. Of the chemicals tested, 46 were found to be anaerobically degraded. Sludges from nine different municipal treatment plants were surveyed for their ability to degrade nine chemicals which differed in susceptibility to degradation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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23
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Sahm H. Anaerobic wastewater treatment. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1984; 29:83-115. [PMID: 6437159 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Scherer P, Lippert H, Wolff G. Composition of the major elements and trace elements of 10 methanogenic bacteria determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 1983; 5:149-63. [PMID: 24263482 DOI: 10.1007/bf02916619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/1982] [Accepted: 12/29/1982] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The elemental composition of 10 methanogenic species was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry and by a C-H-N-analyzer. The 10 species were representative of all three orders of the methanogens and were cultivated under defined conditions. Special emphasis was given toMethanosarcina barkeri, represented by 5 strains and cultivated on various substrates. The following elements with the lowest and highest values in parentheses were determined: C (37-44%, w/w), H (5.5-6.5%), N (9.5-12,8%); Na (0.3-4.0%), K (0.13-5.0%), S (0.56-1.2%), P (0.5-2.8%), Ca (order I: 85-550 ppm; order II: 1000-4500 ppm), Mg (0.09-0.53%), Fe (0.07-0.28%), Ni (65-180 ppm), Co (10-120 ppm). Mo (10-70 ppm), Zn (50-630 ppm), Cu (<10-160 ppm), Mn (<5-25 ppm). The biggest variations were found with respect to N and K, which both seem to have important physiological functions. Although it is unknown whether zinc and copper are essential trace elements for methanogens, all investigated species contained remarkably high zinc contents, whereas copper seemed to be present only in some species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Scherer
- Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhornststr. 18, D-2000, Hamburg 52, West Germany
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25
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Archer D. The microbiological basis of process control in methanogenic fermentation of soluble wastes. Enzyme Microb Technol 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(83)90089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Good P, Moudry R, Fluri P. Use of fixed film and CSTR reactor for anaerobic treatment of stillage of wood hydrolysate. Biotechnol Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00127791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Methanococcus voltae is a heterotrophic, H2-oxidizing methanogenic bacterium. In complex medium, this bacterium has a doubling time of 1.2 h at its temperature optimum of 38 degrees C. In defined medium, optimal growth is obtained with 0.75 mM isoleucine, 0.75 mM leucine, 2.5 mM acetate, 5 mM NH4Cl, 84 mM MgSO4, 0.4 M NaCl, 1 mM CaCl2, 10 microM Fe2O3, and 0.2 microM NiCl2. In addition, pantothenate, sodium selenate, and cobalt stimulate growth. Optimal growth is obtained between pH 6.0 and 7.0 with either H2 or formate as the electron donor. The volatile fatty acids 2-methylbutyrate and isovalerate can substitute for isoleucine and leucine, respectively. Cellular carbon is derived from acetate (31%), isoleucine (22%), leucine (25%), and carbon dioxide (23%). The amino acids and fatty acids are incorporated almost exclusively into protein. A comparison of the incorporation of U-14C-amino acids and 1-14C-fatty acids indicated that the fatty acids are degraded during incorporation into cell protein. The distribution of carbon from the amino acids suggests that acetyl coenzyme A is not a major intermediate in the degradation of these compounds. Thus, M. voltae may convert isoleucine and leucine to other amino acids by a unique mechanism. The lipid carbon is derived largely from acetate. Thus, the isoprenoid lipids are synthesized de novo from acetate rather than by degradation of leucine. The carbon in the nucleic acids is derived from carbon dioxide (45%), the C-1 of acetate (25%), the C-2 of acetate (22%), and isoleucine and leucine (7%). This labeling pattern is consistent with known biochemical pathways.
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28
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Schlegel HG. Microorganisms Involved in the Nitrogen and Sulfur Cycles. PROCEEDINGS IN LIFE SCIENCES 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-67919-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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29
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Schönheit P, Moll J, Thauer RK. Nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum requirement for growth of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. Arch Microbiol 1979; 123:105-7. [PMID: 120728 DOI: 10.1007/bf00403508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum on H2 and CO2 as sole energy and carbon sources was found to be dependent on Ni, Co, and Mo. At low concentrations of Ni (less than 100 nM), Co (less than 10 nM) and Mo (less than 10 nM) the amount of cells formed was roughly proportional to the amount of transition metal added to the medium; for the formation of 1 g cells (dry weight) approximately 150 nmol NiCl2, 20 nmol CoCl2 and 20 nmol Na2MoO4 were required. A dependence of growth on Cu, Mn, Zn, Ca, Al, and B could not be demonstrated. Conditions are described under which the bacterium grew exponentially with a doubling time of 1.8 h up to a cell density of 2 g cells (dry weight)/l.
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30
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Hoban DJ, van den Berg L. Effect of iron on conversion of acetic acid to methane during methanogenic fermentations. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1979; 47:153-9. [PMID: 500512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1979.tb01179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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McKellar RC, Sprott GD. Solubilization and properties of a particulate hydrogenase from Methanobacterium strain G2R. J Bacteriol 1979; 139:231-8. [PMID: 37236 PMCID: PMC216850 DOI: 10.1128/jb.139.1.231-238.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical disruption of cells of Methanobacterium strain G2R resulted in a 78-fold increase in the specific activity of the hydrogenase as measured by the benzyl viologen reduction assay. Approximately 50% of the activity in disrupted cells was associated with the particulate fraction. Between 69 and 85% of the particulate hydrogenase was released by treatment with the detergents Triton X-100, deoxycholate, and octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside. The relative electrophoretic mobilities of the soluble hydrogenases were identical, indicating that G2R possessed a single electrophoretically distinct hydrogenase. The particulate enzyme was inactivated by oxygen and could be reactivated with dithionite or glucose plus glucose oxidase. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.5 and resisted heating at 52 but not 77 degrees C. A number of nonspecific dyes, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and riboflavin 5'-phosphate were effective electron acceptors; oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and factor 420 were apparently not reduced. Hydrogenase activity was inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, cyanide, chloroform, and chloramphenicol. The molecular weight of the solubilized enzyme was 900,000, with subunits of molecular weights 38,500, 50,700, and approximately 80,000. It is suggested that, in intact cells of G2R, the large hydrogenase complex is loosely bound to the cell wall or membrane.
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