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Alhajouj S, Turkolmez S, Abalkhail T, Alwan ZHO, James Gilmour D, Mitchell PJ, Hettema EH. Efficient PCR-based gene targeting in isolates of the nonconventional yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Yeast 2023; 40:550-564. [PMID: 37870109 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is a yeast with considerable biotechnological potential as an osmotolerant, stress-tolerant oleaginous microbe. However, targeted genome modification tools are limited and require a strain with auxotrophic markers. Gene targeting by homologous recombination has been reported to be inefficient, but here we describe a set of reagents and a method that allows gene targeting at high efficiency in wild-type isolates. It uses a simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification that extends a completely heterologous selectable marker with 50 bp flanks identical to the target site in the genome. Transformants integrate the PCR product through homologous recombination at high frequency (>75%). We illustrate the potential of this method by disrupting genes at high efficiency and by expressing a heterologous protein from a safe chromosomal harbour site. These methods should stimulate and facilitate further analysis of D. hansenii strains and open the way to engineer strains for biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos Alhajouj
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Selva Turkolmez
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tarad Abalkhail
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Future address: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Phil J Mitchell
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ewald H Hettema
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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2
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Jeon MS, Jeong DM, Doh H, Kang HA, Jung H, Eyun SI. A practical comparison of the next-generation sequencing platform and assemblers using yeast genome. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201744. [PMID: 36746534 PMCID: PMC9902641 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Assembling fragmented whole-genomic information from the sequencing data is an inevitable process for further genome-wide research. However, it is intricate to select the appropriate assembly pipeline for unknown species because of the species-specific genomic properties. Therefore, our study focused on relatively more static proclivities of sequencing platforms and assembly algorithms than the fickle genome sequences. A total of 212 draft and polished de novo assemblies were constructed under the different sequencing platforms and assembly algorithms with the repetitive yeast genome. Our comprehensive data indicated that sequencing reads from Oxford Nanopore with R7.3 flow cells generated more continuous assemblies than those derived from the PacBio Sequel, although the homopolymer-based assembly errors and chimeric contigs exist. In addition, the comparison between two second-generation sequencing platforms showed that Illumina NovaSeq 6000 provides more accurate and continuous assembly in the second-generation-sequencing-first pipeline, but MGI DNBSEQ-T7 provides a cheap and accurate read in the polishing process. Furthermore, our insight into the relationship among the computational time, read length, and coverage depth provided clues to the optimal pipelines of yeast assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seung Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Min Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Huijeong Doh
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungtaek Jung
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Genome Sequence of the Diploid Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii TMW 3.1188. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0064922. [PMID: 36287019 PMCID: PMC9670972 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00649-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii TMW 3.1188 is a halotolerant diploid yeast that was isolated from lupine moromi fermentation. Here, we report on the 24.77-Mbp genome of a diploid strain of the species D. hansenii.
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4
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Wanarska M, Krajewska-Przybyszewska E, Wicka-Grochocka M, Cieśliński H, Pawlak-Szukalska A, Białkowska AM, Turkiewicz M, Florczak T, Gromek E, Krysiak J, Filipowicz N. A New Expression System Based on Psychrotolerant Debaryomyces macquariensis Yeast and Its Application to the Production of Cold-Active β-d-Galactosidase from Paracoccus sp. 32d. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911691. [PMID: 36232994 PMCID: PMC9569826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts provide attractive host/vector systems for heterologous gene expression. The currently used yeast-based expression platforms include mesophilic and thermotolerant species. A eukaryotic expression system working at low temperatures could be particularly useful for the production of thermolabile proteins and proteins that tend to form insoluble aggregates. For this purpose, an expression system based on an Antarctic psychrotolerant yeast Debaryomyces macquariensis strain D50 that is capable of growing at temperatures ranging from 0 to 30 °C has been developed. The optimal physical culture conditions for D. macquariensis D50 in a fermenter are as follows: temperature 20 °C, pH 5.5, aeration rate of 1.5 vvm, and a stirring speed of 300 rpm. Four integrative plasmid vectors equipped with an expression cassette containing the constitutive GAP promoter and CYC1 transcriptional terminator from D. macquariensis D50 were constructed and used to clone and express a gene-encoding cold-active β-d-galactosidase of Paracoccus sp. 32d. The yield was 1150 U/L of recombinant yeast culture. Recombinant D. macquariensis D50 strains were mitotically stable under both selective and non-selective conditions. The D. macquariensis D50 host/vector system has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of heterologous thermolabile protein, and it can be an alternative to other microbial expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wanarska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewelina Krajewska-Przybyszewska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Wicka-Grochocka
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hubert Cieśliński
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Pawlak-Szukalska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aneta M. Białkowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-573 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marianna Turkiewicz
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-573 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Florczak
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-573 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Gromek
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-573 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Krysiak
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-573 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Filipowicz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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5
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Jeong DM, Yoo SJ, Jeon MS, Chun BH, Han DM, Jeon CO, Eyun SI, Seo YJ, Kang HA. Genomic features, aroma profiles, and probiotic potential of the Debaryomyces hansenii species complex strains isolated from Korean soybean fermented food. Food Microbiol 2022; 105:104011. [PMID: 35473972 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fermented soybean products are gaining attention in the food industry owing to their nutritive value and health benefits. In this study, we performed genomic analysis and physiological characterization of two Debaryomyces spp. yeast isolates obtained from a Korean traditional fermented soy sauce "ganjang". Both Debaryomyces hansenii ganjang isolates KD2 and C11 showed halotolerance to concentrations of up to 15% NaCl and improved growth in the presence of salt. Ploidy and whole-genome sequencing analyses indicated that the KD2 genome is haploid, whereas the C11 genome is heterozygous diploid with two distinctive subgenomes. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis using intron sequences indicated that the C11 strain was generated via hybridization between D. hansenii and D. tyrocola ancestor strains. The D. hansenii KD2 and D. hansenii-hybrid C11 produced various volatile flavor compounds associated with butter, caramel, cheese, and fruits, and showed high bioconversion activity from ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol, a characteristic flavor compound of soybean products. Both KD2 and C11 exhibited viability in the presence of bile salts and at low pH and showed immunomodulatory activity to induce high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The safety of the yeast isolates was confirmed by analyzing virulence and acute oral toxicity. Together, the D. hansenii ganjang isolates possess physiological properties beneficial for improving the flavor and nutritional value of fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Min Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Byung Hee Chun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Dong Min Han
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
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6
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Cebrián E, Núñez F, Álvarez M, Roncero E, Rodríguez M. Biocontrol of ochratoxigenic Penicillium nordicum in dry-cured fermented sausages by Debaryomyces hansenii and Staphylococcus xylosus. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 375:109744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Recent developments in the biology and biotechnological applications of halotolerant yeasts. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:27. [PMID: 34989905 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural hypersaline environments are inhabited by an abundance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms capable of thriving under extreme saline conditions. Yeasts represent a substantial fraction of halotolerant eukaryotic microbiomes and are frequently isolated as food contaminants and from solar salterns. During the last years, a handful of new species has been discovered in moderate saline environments, including estuarine and deep-sea waters. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered the primary osmoadaptation model system for studies of hyperosmotic stress conditions, our increasing understanding of the physiology and molecular biology of halotolerant yeasts provides new insights into their distinct metabolic traits and provides novel and innovative opportunities for genome mining of biotechnologically relevant genes. Yeast species such as Debaryomyces hansenii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Hortaea werneckii and Wallemia ichthyophaga show unique properties, which make them attractive for biotechnological applications. Select halotolerant yeasts are used in food processing and contribute to aromas and taste, while certain gene clusters are used in second generation biofuel production. Finally, both pharmaceutical and chemical industries benefit from applications of halotolerant yeasts as biocatalysts. This comprehensive review summarizes the most recent findings related to the biology of industrially-important halotolerant yeasts and provides a detailed and up-to-date description of modern halotolerant yeast-based biotechnological applications.
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Abstract
Yeasts constitute an important part of cheeses, and especially the artisanal ones. The current study reviews the occurrence of yeasts in different cheese varieties and the role of yeasts in cheesemaking process. The use of molecular methods for identification and strain typing has extended the knowledge for yeast diversity in cheeses. For the study of the occurrence of yeasts in different cheese types, seven categories are used, that is: 1) hard, 2) semi-hard, 3) soft, which includes soft pasta-filata and whey cheeses, 4) white brined cheeses, 5) mould surface ripened, 6) bacterial surface ripened cheeses, and 7) blue cheeses. For some cheese types, yeasts are the main microbial group, at least for some part of their ripening process, while for some other types, yeasts are absent. Differences between industrially manufactured cheeses and artisanal cheeses have specified. Artisanal cheeses possess a diverse assortment of yeast species, mainly belonging to the genera Candida, Clavisporalus, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Geotrichum, Issatchenkia, Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, Kodemaea, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Saturnispora, Torulaspora, Trichosporon, Yarrowia and ZygoSaccharomyces. The role of the yeasts for selected cheeses from the seven cheese categories is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bintsis
- Collaborating Teaching Staff at Hellenic Open University, Greece
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9
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Huang C, Zhang L, Johansen PG, Petersen MA, Arneborg N, Jespersen L. Debaryomyces hansenii Strains Isolated From Danish Cheese Brines Act as Biocontrol Agents to Inhibit Germination and Growth of Contaminating Molds. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:662785. [PMID: 34211441 PMCID: PMC8239395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antagonistic activities of native Debaryomyces hansenii strains isolated from Danish cheese brines were evaluated against contaminating molds in the dairy industry. Determination of chromosome polymorphism by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed a huge genetic heterogeneity among the D. hansenii strains, which was reflected in intra-species variation at the phenotypic level. 11 D. hansenii strains were tested for their ability to inhibit germination and growth of contaminating molds, frequently occurring at Danish dairies, i.e., Cladosporium inversicolor, Cladosporium sinuosum, Fusarium avenaceum, Mucor racemosus, and Penicillium roqueforti. Especially the germination of C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti was significantly inhibited by cell-free supernatants of all D. hansenii strains. The underlying factors behind the inhibitory effects of the D. hansenii cell-free supernatants were investigated. Based on dynamic headspace sampling followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DHS-GC-MS), 71 volatile compounds (VOCs) produced by the D. hansenii strains were identified, including 6 acids, 22 alcohols, 15 aldehydes, 3 benzene derivatives, 8 esters, 3 heterocyclic compounds, 12 ketones, and 2 phenols. Among the 71 identified VOCs, inhibition of germination of C. inversicolor correlated strongly with three VOCs, i.e., 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-pentanone as well as acetic acid. For P. roqueforti, two VOCs correlated with inhibition of germination, i.e., acetone and 2-phenylethanol, of which the latter also correlated strongly with inhibition of mycelium growth. Low half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were especially observed for 3-methylbutanoic acid, i.e., 6.32-9.53 × 10-5 and 2.00-2.67 × 10-4 mol/L for C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti, respectively. For 2-phenylethanol, a well-known quorum sensing molecule, the IC50 was 1.99-7.49 × 10-3 and 1.73-3.45 × 10-3 mol/L for C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti, respectively. For acetic acid, the IC50 was 1.35-2.47 × 10-3 and 1.19-2.80 × 10-3 mol/L for C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti, respectively. Finally, relative weak inhibition was observed for 2-pentanone and acetone. The current study shows that native strains of D. hansenii isolated from Danish brines have antagonistic effects against specific contaminating molds and points to the development of D. hansenii strains as bioprotective cultures, targeting cheese brines and cheese surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Geronikou A, Srimahaeak T, Rantsiou K, Triantafillidis G, Larsen N, Jespersen L. Occurrence of Yeasts in White-Brined Cheeses: Methodologies for Identification, Spoilage Potential and Good Manufacturing Practices. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:582778. [PMID: 33178163 PMCID: PMC7593773 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are generally recognized as contaminants in the production of white-brined cheeses, such as Feta and Feta-type cheeses. The most predominant yeasts species are Debaryomyces hansenii, Geotrichum candidum, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kluyveromyces lactis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Trichosporon spp. Although their spoilage potential varies at both species and strain levels, yeasts will, in case of excessive growth, present a microbiological hazard, effecting cheese quality. To evaluate the hazard and trace routes of contamination, the exact taxonomic classification of yeasts is required. Today, identification of dairy yeasts is mainly based on DNA sequencing, various genotyping techniques, and, to some extent, advanced phenotypic identification technologies. Even though these technologies are state of the art at the scientific level, they are only hardly implemented at the industrial level. Quality defects, caused by yeasts in white-brined cheese, are mainly linked to enzymatic activities and metabolism of fermentable carbohydrates, leading to production of metabolites (CO2, fatty acids, volatile compounds, amino acids, sulfur compounds, etc.) and resulting in off-flavors, texture softening, discoloration, and swelling of cheese packages. The proliferation of spoilage yeast depends on maturation and storage conditions at each specific dairy, product characteristics, nutrients availability, and interactions with the co-existing microorganisms. To prevent and control yeast contamination, different strategies based on the principles of HACCP and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) have been introduced in white-brined cheese production. These strategies include milk pasteurization, refrigeration, hygienic sanitation, air filtration, as well as aseptic and modified atmosphere packaging. Though a lot of research has been dedicated to yeasts in dairy products, the role of yeast contaminants, specifically in white-brined cheeses, is still insufficiently understood. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the identification of contaminant yeasts in white-brined cheeses, their occurrence and spoilage potential related to different varieties of white-brined cheeses, their interactions with other microorganisms, as well as guidelines used by dairies to prevent cheese contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Geronikou
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thanyaporn Srimahaeak
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Nadja Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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11
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The Effects of NaCl and Temperature on Growth and Survival of Yeast Strains Isolated from Danish Cheese Brines. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3377-3384. [PMID: 32936341 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts play an important role in cheese making, by contributing to microbial community establishment and improving flavor. This study aimed at investigating the impact of NaCl and temperature on growth and survival of 20 strains belonging to the yeast species Candida intermedia (2 strains), Debaryomyces hansenii (11), Kluyveromyces lactis (1), Papiliotrema flavescens (1), Rhodotorula glutinis (1), Sterigmatomyces halophilus (2) and Yamadazyma triangularis (2) isolated from Danish cheese brines. All yeasts could grow in Malt Yeast Glucose Peptone (MYGP) medium with low NaCl (≤ 4%, w/v) concentrations at 25 °C and 16 °C. Further, none of the strains, except for one strain of D. hansenii (KU-9), were able to grow under a condition mimicking cheese brine (MYGP with 23% (w/v) NaCl and 6.3 g/L lactate) at 25 °C, while all yeasts could grow at 16 °C, except for the two strains of C. intermedia. In the survival experiment, D. hansenii, S. halophilus and Y. triangularis survived in MYGP with 23% (w/v) NaCl throughout 13.5 days at 25 °C, with Y. triangularis and S. halophilus being the most NaCl tolerant, while the remaining yeasts survived for less than 7 days. These results enable the selection of relevant yeasts from cheese brines for potential use in the cheese industry.
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12
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Fröhlich-Wyder MT, Arias-Roth E, Jakob E. Cheese yeasts. Yeast 2019; 36:129-141. [PMID: 30512214 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous traditionally aged cheeses are surface ripened and develop a biofilm, known as the cheese rind, on their surfaces. The rind of such cheeses comprises a complex community of bacterial and fungal species that are jointly responsible for the typical characteristics of the various cheese varieties. Surface ripening starts directly after brining with the rapid colonization of the cheese surface by yeasts. The initially dominant yeasts are acid and salt-tolerant and are capable of metabolizing the lactate produced by the starter lactic acid bacteria and of producing NH3 from amino acids. Both processes cause the pH of the cheese surface to rise dramatically. This so-called deacidification process enables the establishment of a salt-tolerant, Gram-positive bacterial community that is less acid-tolerant. Over the past decade, knowledge of yeast diversity in cheeses has increased considerably. The yeast species with the highest prevalence on surface-ripened cheeses are Debaryomyces hansenii and Geotrichum candidum, but up to 30 species can be found. In the cheese core, only lactose-fermenting yeasts, such as Kluyveromyces marxianus, are expected to grow. Yeasts are recognized as having an indispensable impact on the development of cheese flavour and texture because of their deacidifying, proteolytic, and/or lipolytic activity. Yeasts are used not only in the production of surface-ripened cheeses but also as adjunct cultures in the vat milk in order to modify ripening behaviour and flavour of the cheese. However, yeasts may also be responsible for spoilage of cheese, causing early blowing, off-flavour, brown discolouration, and other visible alterations of cheese.
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13
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Haastrup MK, Johansen P, Malskær AH, Castro-Mejía JL, Kot W, Krych L, Arneborg N, Jespersen L. Cheese brines from Danish dairies reveal a complex microbiota comprising several halotolerant bacteria and yeasts. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 285:173-187. [PMID: 30176565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Danish Danbo cheese is a surface ripened semi-hard cheese, which before ripening is submerged in brine for up to 24 h. The brining is required in order to obtain the structural and organoleptic properties of the cheeses. Likewise, the content of NaCl in the cheese will influence especially the surface microbiota being of significant importance for flavour development and prevention of microbial spoilage. Even though the microbiota on cheese surfaces have been studied extensively, limited knowledge is available on the occurrence of microorganisms in cheese brine. The aim of the present study was to investigate by both culture-dependent and -independent techniques the brine microbiota in four Danish dairies producing Danbo cheese. The pH of the brines varied from 5.1 to 5.6 with a dry matter content from 20 to 27% (w/w). The content of lactate varied from 4.1 to 10.8 g/L and free amino acids from 65 to 224 mg/L. Bacteria were isolated on five different media with NaCl contents of 0.85-23.0% (w/v) NaCl. The highest count of 6.3 log CFU/mL was obtained on TSA added 4% (w/v) NaCl. For yeasts, the highest count was 3.7 log CFU/mL on MYGP added 8% (w/v) NaCl. A total of 31 bacterial and eight eukaryotic species were isolated including several halotolerant and/or halophilic species. Among bacteria, counts of ≥6.0 log CFU/mL were obtained for Tetragenococcus muriaticus and Psychrobacter celer, while counts between ≥4.5 and < 6.0 log CFU/mL were obtained for Lactococcus lactis, Staphylococcus equorum, Staphylococcus hominis, Chromohalobacter beijerinckii, Chromohalobacter japonicus and Microbacterium maritypicum. Among yeasts, counts of ≥3.5 log CFU/mL were only obtained for Debaryomyces hansenii. By amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS2 regions for bacteria and eukaryotes respectively, brines from the same dairy clustered together indicating the uniqueness of the dairy brine microbiota. To a great extent the results obtained by amplicon sequencing fitted with the culture-dependent technique though each of the two methodologies identified unique genera/species. Dairy brine handling procedures as e.g. microfiltration were found to influence the brine microbiota. The current study proves the occurrence of a specific dairy brine microbiota including several halotolerant and/or halophilic species most likely of sea salt origin. The importance of these species during especially the initial stages of cheese ripening and their influence on cheese quality and safety need to be investigated. Likewise, optimised brine handling procedures and microbial cultures are required to ensure an optimal brine microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kragelund Haastrup
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Johansen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Agnete Harboe Malskær
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Josué L Castro-Mejía
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Witold Kot
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Aarhus, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nils Arneborg
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Padilla B, Manzanares P, Belloch C. Yeast species and genetic heterogeneity within Debaryomyces hansenii along the ripening process of traditional ewes' and goats' cheeses. Food Microbiol 2014; 38:160-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Andrade MJ, Thorsen L, Rodríguez A, Córdoba JJ, Jespersen L. Inhibition of ochratoxigenic moulds by Debaryomyces hansenii strains for biopreservation of dry-cured meat products. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 170:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Michán C, Martínez JL, Alvarez MC, Turk M, Sychrova H, Ramos J. Salt and oxidative stress tolerance in Debaryomyces hansenii and Debaryomyces fabryi. FEMS Yeast Res 2012; 13:180-8. [PMID: 23122272 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the characterization of five strains belonging to the halotolerant highly related Debaryomyces hansenii/fabryi species. The analysis performed consisted in studying tolerance properties, membrane characteristics, and cation incell amounts. We have specifically investigated (1) tolerance to different chemicals, (2) tolerance to osmotic and salt stress, (3) tolerance and response to oxidative stress, (4) reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, (5) relative membrane potential, (6) cell volume, (7) K(+) and Na(+) ion content, and (8) membrane fluidity. Unexpectedly, no direct relationship was found between one particular strain, Na(+) content and its tolerance to NaCl or between its ROS content and its tolerance to H(2)O(2). Results show that, although in general, human origin D. fabryi strains were more resistant to oxidative stress and presented shorter doubling times and smaller cell volume than food isolated D. hansenii ones, strains belonging to the same species can be significantly different. Debaryomyces fabryi CBS1793 strain highlighted for its extremely tolerant behavior when exposed to the diverse stress factors studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Michán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Gori K, Sørensen LM, Petersen MA, Jespersen L, Arneborg N. Debaryomyces hansenii strains differ in their production of flavor compounds in a cheese-surface model. Microbiologyopen 2012; 1:161-8. [PMID: 22950022 PMCID: PMC3426413 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavor production among 12 strains of Debaryomyces hansenii when grown on a simple cheese model mimicking a cheese surface was investigated by dynamic headspace sampling followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The present study confirmed that D. hansenii possess the ability to produce important cheese flavor compounds, primarily branched-chain aldehydes and alcohols, and thus important for the final cheese flavor. Quantification of representative aldehydes (2-Methylpropanal, 3-Methylbutanal) and alcohols (2-Methyl-1-propanol, 3-Methyl-1-butanol, and 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol) showed that the investigated D. hansenii strains varied significantly with respect to production of these flavor compounds. Contrary to the alcohols (2-Methyl-1-propanol, 3-Methyl-1-butanol, and 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol), the aldehydes (2-Methylpropanal, 3-Methylbutanal) were produced by the D. hansenii strains in concentrations higher than their sensory threshold values, and thus seemed more important than alcohols for cheese flavor. These results show that D. hansenii strains may have potential to be applied as cultures for increasing the nutty/malty flavor of cheese due to their production of aldehydes. However, due to large strain variations, production of flavor compounds has to be taken into consideration for selection of D. hansenii strains as starter cultures for cheese production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Gori
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Louise Marie Sørensen
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mikael Agerlin Petersen
- Department of Food Science, Quality and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nils Arneborg
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Sørensen LM, Gori K, Petersen MA, Jespersen L, Arneborg N. Flavour compound production by Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii in a cheese-surface model. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gori K, Knudsen PB, Nielsen KF, Arneborg N, Jespersen L. Alcohol-based quorum sensing plays a role in adhesion and sliding motility of the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. FEMS Yeast Res 2011; 11:643-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Gori
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg; Denmark
| | - Peter B. Knudsen
- Department of Systems Biology; Center for Microbial Biotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby; Denmark
| | - Kristian F. Nielsen
- Department of Systems Biology; Center for Microbial Biotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby; Denmark
| | - Nils Arneborg
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg; Denmark
| | - Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg; Denmark
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Population polymorphism of nuclear mitochondrial DNA insertions reveals widespread diploidy associated with loss of heterozygosity in Debaryomyces hansenii. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2010; 9:449-59. [PMID: 20048048 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00263-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii, a yeast that participates in the elaboration of foodstuff, displays important genetic diversity. Our recent phylogenetic classification of this species led to the subdivision of the species into three distinct clades. D. hansenii harbors the highest number of nuclear mitochondrial DNA (NUMT) insertions known so far for hemiascomycetous yeasts. Here we assessed the intraspecific variability of the NUMTs in this species by testing their presence/absence first in 28 strains, with 21 loci previously detected in the completely sequenced strain CBS 767(T), and second in a larger panel of 77 strains, with 8 most informative loci. We were able for the first time to structure populations in D. hansenii, although we observed little NUMT insertion variability within the clades. We determined the chronology of the NUMT insertions, which turned out to correlate with the previously defined taxonomy and provided additional evidence that colonization of nuclear genomes by mitochondrial DNA is a dynamic process in yeast. In combination with flow cytometry experiments, the NUMT analysis revealed the existence of both haploid and diploid strains, the latter being heterozygous and resulting from at least four crosses among strains from the various clades. As in the diploid pathogen Candida albicans, to which D. hansenii is phylogenetically related, we observed a differential loss of heterozygosity in the diploid strains, which can explain some of the large genetic diversity found in D. hansenii over the years.
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Sohier D, Le Dizes AS, Thuault D, Neuveglise C, Coton E, Casaregola S. Important genetic diversity revealed by inter-LTR PCR fingerprinting ofKluyveromyces marxianusandDebaryomyces hanseniistrains from French traditional cheeses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1051/dst/2009032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nguyen HV, Gaillardin C, Neuvéglise C. Differentiation of Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida famata by rRNA gene intergenic spacer fingerprinting and reassessment of phylogenetic relationships among D. hansenii, C. famata, D. fabryi, C. flareri (=D. subglobosus) and D. prosopidis: description of D. vietnamensis sp. nov. closely related to D. nepalensis. FEMS Yeast Res 2009; 9:641-62. [PMID: 19385997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intergenic spacer rDNA amplification and AluI fingerprinting (IGSAF) method detected four distinct groups among 170 Debaryomyces hansenii strains: D. hansenii var. hansenii; Candida famata var. famata; D. hansenii var. fabryi and C. famata var. flareri. IGS sequence comparison of representative strains showed that D. hansenii var. hansenii and C. famata var. famata belonged to one species, whereas D. hansenii var. fabryi and C. famata var. flareri belonged to two different ones. This confirmed the following three species recently reinstated: D. hansenii (=C. famata), Debaryomyces fabryi and Debaryomyces subglobosus (=Candida flareri). Accordingly, growth at 37 degrees C may no longer be used to differentiate D. hansenii from D. fabryi. Riboflavin production is more specific for D. fabryi and D. subglobosus strains. IGSAF identified all the other 17 species of the genus Debaryomyces, six of them sharing with D. hansenii an rRNA gene unit harbouring two 5S rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree established with IGS sequences was congruent with the one based on ACT1, GPD1 and COX2 sequences depicting a distinct D. hansenii clade close to the D. subglobosus, Debaryomyces prosopidis and D. fabryi clade. Description of Debaryomyces vietnamensis sp. nov. (type strain CBS 10535(T), MUCL 51648(T)), closely related to Debaryomyces nepalensis is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Vang Nguyen
- Collection de Levures d'Intérêt Biotechnologique, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Versailles-Grignon, INRA (UMR1238) CNRS (UMR2585) AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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Álvarez-Martín P, Flórez AB, López-Díaz TM, Mayo B. Phenotypic and molecular identification of yeast species associated with Spanish blue-veined Cabrales cheese. Int Dairy J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gori K, Hébraud M, Chambon C, Mortensen HD, Arneborg N, Jespersen L. Proteomic changes inDebaryomyces hanseniiupon exposure to NaCl stress. FEMS Yeast Res 2007; 7:293-303. [PMID: 17328743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteome of the highly NaCl-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii was investigated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE), and 47 protein spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) followed by mass spectrometry (MS). The influence of NaCl on the D. hansenii proteome was investigated during the first 3 h of NaCl exposure. The rate of protein synthesis was strongly decreased by exposure to 8% and 12% (w/v) NaCl, as the average incorporation rates of l-[(35)S]methionine within the first 30 min after addition of NaCl were only 7% and 4% of the rate in medium without NaCl. In addition, the number of protein spots detected on 2D gels prepared from cells exposed to 8% and 12% (w/v) NaCl exceeded less than 28% of the number of protein spots detected on 2D gels prepared from cells without added NaCl. Several proteins were identified as being either induced or repressed upon NaCl exposure. The induced proteins were enzymes involved in glycerol synthesis/dissimilation and the upper part of glycolysis, whereas the repressed proteins were enzymes involved in the lower part of glycolysis, the route to the Krebs cycle, and the synthesis of amino acids. Furthermore, one heat shock protein (Ssa1p) was induced, whereas others (Ssb2p and Hsp60p) were repressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Gori
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Mortensen HD, Gori K, Siegumfeldt H, Jespersen L, Arneborg N. Relationship between growth and pH gradients of individual cells of Debaryomyces hansenii as influenced by NaCl and solid substrate. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 44:279-85. [PMID: 17309505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.02067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the relationship between the growth and pH gradients of Debaryomyces hansenii at a single-cell level. METHODS AND RESULTS Using bioimaging techniques, the cell areas and early pH gradients (Delta pH(10)), i.e. the pH gradients determined 10 min after initiation of experiments, were determined for single cells of two D. hansenii strains in fluid and on solid (agar) substrate with and without 8% (w/v) NaCl. The combination of NaCl and solid substrate prolonged the growth initiation of both D. hansenii strains additively. In all our experiments, primarily two groups of cells existed; a vital group consisting of growing single cells with intact early pH gradients, and a group of dead cells without early pH gradients. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that growth initiation of the D. hansenii cells is severely affected by NaCl and to a lesser extent by the type of substrate in an additive and strain dependent way. Moreover, the early pH gradient of a vital D. hansenii cell cannot be correlated with the rate of its subsequent growth. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study reveals new knowledge on the growth and pH gradients of D. hansenii on solid surfaces in the presence of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Mortensen
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Quirós M, Martorell P, Valderrama MJ, Querol A, Peinado JM, de Silóniz MI. PCR-RFLP analysis of the IGS region of rDNA: a useful tool for the practical discrimination between species of the genus Debaryomyces. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 90:211-9. [PMID: 16838194 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-006-9076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The amplification by PCR of the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of rDNA followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was evaluated as a potential method for discriminating the 16 species belonging to the genus Debaryomyces. The digestion of this region with some or all the enzymes used in this study (HapII, HhaI and MboI) produced species-specific patterns that permitted differentiation of the species in the genus. With the exception of Debaryomyces vanrijiae, the technique was also efficient for distinguishing the varieties in the species Debaryomyces hansenii (var. hansenii, var. fabryi), Debaryomyces occidentalis (var. occidentalis, var. persoonii) and Debaryomyces polymorphus (var. africanus, var. polymorphus), respectively. PCR-RFLP analysis of the IGS region of rDNA is proposed as a clear and reproducible technique for the practical discrimination of species of the yeast genus Debaryomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Quirós
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Breuer U, Harms H. Debaryomyces hansenii — an extremophilic yeast with biotechnological potential. Yeast 2006; 23:415-37. [PMID: 16652409 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We illuminate the ecological, physiological and genetic characteristics of the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii in the view of our belief that this metabolically versatile, non-pathogenic, osmotolerant and oleaginous microorganism represents an attractive target for fundamental and applied biotechnological research. To this end, we give a broad overview of extant biotechnological procedures using D. hansenii, e.g. in the manufacture of various foods, and propose research into the heterologous synthesis of a range of fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Breuer
- UFZ-Centre of Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Gori K, Mortensen HD, Arneborg N, Jespersen L. Expression of theGPD1 andGPP2 orthologues and glycerol retention during growth ofDebaryomyces hansenii at high NaCl concentrations. Yeast 2005; 22:1213-22. [PMID: 16278930 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly NaCl-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii produces and obtains high levels of intracellular glycerol as a compatible solute when grown at high NaCl concentrations. The effect of high NaCl concentrations (4%, 8% and 12% w/v) on the glycerol production and the levels of intra- and extracellular glycerol was determined for two D. hansenii strains with different NaCl tolerance and compared to one strain of the moderately NaCl-tolerant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Initially, high NaCl tolerance seems to be determined by enhanced glycerol production, due to an increased expression of DhGPD1 and DhGPP2 (AL436338) in D. hansenii and GPD1 and GPP2 in S. cerevisiae; however, the ability to obtain high levels of intracellular glycerol seems to be more important. The two D. hansenii strains had higher levels of intracellular glycerol than the S. cerevisiae strain and were able to obtain high levels of intracellular glycerol, even at very high NaCl concentrations, indicating the presence of, for example, a type of closing channel, as previously described for other yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Gori
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Mortensen HD, Gori K, Siegumfeldt H, Nissen P, Jespersen L, Arneborg N. Intracellular pH homeostasis plays a role in the NaCl tolerance of Debaryomyces hansenii strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 71:713-9. [PMID: 16240114 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of NaCl stress on cell area and intracellular pH (pHi) of individual cells of two Debaryomyces hansenii strains were investigated. Our results show that one of the strains was more NaCl tolerant than the other, as determined by the rate of growth initiation. Whereas NaCl stress caused similar cell shrinkages (30-35%), it caused different pHi changes of the two D. hansenii strains; i.e., in the more NaCl-tolerant strain, pHi homeostasis was maintained, whereas in the less NaCl-tolerant strain, intracellular acidification occurred. Thus, cell shrinkage could not explain the different intracellular acidifications in the two strains. Instead, we introduce the concept of yeasts having an intracellular pKa (pK(a,i)) value, since permeabilized D. hansenii cells had a very high buffer capacity at a certain pH. Our results demonstrate that the more NaCl-tolerant strain was better able to maintain its pK(a,i) close to its pHi homeostasis level during NaCl stress. In turn, these findings indicate that the closer a D. hansenii strain can keep its pK(a,i) to its pHi homeostasis level, the better it may manage NaCl stress. Furthermore, our results suggest that the NaCl-induced effects on pHi were mainly due to hyperosmotic stress and not ionic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Mortensen
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary & Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Mortensen HD, Gori K, Jespersen L, Arneborg N. Debaryomyces hanseniistrains with different cell sizes and surface physicochemical properties adhere differently to a solid agarose surface. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 249:165-70. [PMID: 16002242 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial adhesion of four Debaryomyces hansenii strains to a solid agarose surface was investigated and correlated with their cell size and some cell surface physicochemical properties, i.e. (i) hydrophobicity and (ii) electron donor/acceptor ability. One strain adhered very poorly, whereas the three other strains were more adhesive. The former strain had a very hydrophilic cell surface, whereas the latter strains had more hydrophobic cell surfaces. In addition, the strain with the lowest adhesion among the adhesive strains had a more hydrophobic cell surface than the two most adhesive strains. Finally, the more adhesive the strain was, the larger it was, and the better it was to donate electrons from its cell surface. These results show a clear relationship between the cell size, the cell surface physicochemical properties, and the initial adhesion of D. hansenii. A possible explanation of this relationship is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik D Mortensen
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary & Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Friel D, Vandenbol M, Jijakli MH. Genetic characterization of the yeast Pichia anomala (strain K), an antagonist of postharvest diseases of apple. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98:783-8. [PMID: 15715883 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To obtain information about the genomic organization of Pichia anomala (strain K) and about its genomic diversity at species and intraspecies level. METHODS AND RESULTS The PFGE karyotype of strain K was composed of four bands ranging in size from 1.1 to 3.2 Mb. The number of chromosomes was estimated at six since bands 2 and 3 seemed to result from the comigration of two chromosomes with similar size. A comparison of strain K and Hansenulawingeii migration profiles led to the estimate of K strain genome size at 11.7 Mb. Comparison with isogenic strains, resulting from the sporulation of strain K, highlighted some major karyotypic differences. Two segregants (KH6 and KH7) showed supernumerary chromosomes and one (KH9) displayed chromosomal length polymorphism. This genomic instability was confirmed by molecular hybridization with four probes, consisting of URA3, LEU2, PAEXG1 and PAEXG2 genes of P. anomala. URA3 and LEU2 probes showed second hybridization signals on supernumerary chromosomes of strain KH7 and on chromosome 6 of strain K for LEU2 only. Karyotypic comparison of seven non-isogenic P. anomala strains revealed chromosomal length polymorphism, a sign of intraspecies variation. CONCLUSIONS This work has supplied information about genome size and chromosome number of strain K of P. anomala. The strain seems to be aneuploid because of the presence of supernumerary chromosomes and additional hybridization signals for URA3 and LEU2 probes in the chromosomal profile of some segregants. The work also highlighted genomic diversity within the P. anomala species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results obtained here increase information about the aneuploidy of P. anomala (strain K). Information about the genomic diversity of the segregants will be of great interest for further studies on strain K mode of action. The genome size and chromosomal profile of P. anomala presented here are different from the results obtained elsewhere for Hansenula anomala, while Hansenula is included as a synonym of Pichia. This warrants further studies to investigate this taxonomic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Friel
- Plant Pathology Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gembloux, Belgium
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Jespersen L, Nielsen DS, Hønholt S, Jakobsen M. Occurrence and diversity of yeasts involved in fermentation of West African cocoa beans. FEMS Yeast Res 2005; 5:441-53. [PMID: 15691749 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples of cocoa beans were taken on two separate occasions during heap and tray fermentations in Ghana, West Africa. In total 496 yeast isolates were identified by conventional microbiological analyses and by amplification of their ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 regions. For important species the identifications were confirmed by sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the 5' end of the large subunit (26S) rDNA. Assimilations of organic acids and other carbon compounds were conducted. For dominant yeasts intraspecies variations were examined by determination of chromosome length polymorphism (CLP) using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. For the heap fermentations maximum yeast cell counts of 9.1 x 10(7) were reached, whereas maximum yeast counts of 6.0 x 10(6) were reached for the tray fermentations. Candida krusei was found to be the dominant species during heap fermentation, followed by P. membranifaciens, P. kluyveri, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii and Trichosporon asahii, whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae and P. membranifaciens were found to be the dominant species during tray fermentation followed by low numbers of C. krusei, P. kluyveri, H. guilliermondii and some yeast species of minor importance. For isolates within all dominant species CLP was evident, indicating that several different strains are involved in the fermentations. Isolates of C. krusei, P. membranifaciens, H. guilliermondii, T. asahii and Rhodotorula glutinis could be found on the surface of the cocoa pods and in some cases on the production equipment, whereas the origin of e.g. S. cerevisiae was not indicated by the results obtained. In conclusion, the results obtained show that fermentation of cocoa beans is a very inhomogeneous process with great variations in both yeast counts and species composition. The variations seem to depend especially on the processing procedure, but also the season and the post-harvest storage are likely to influence the yeast counts and the species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Romero P, Patiño B, Quirós M, González-Jaén MT, Valderrama MJ, de Silóniz MI, Peinado JM. Differential detection of isolated from intermediate-moisture foods by PCR-RFLP of the IGS region of rDNA. FEMS Yeast Res 2005; 5:455-61. [PMID: 15691750 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2004] [Revised: 04/14/2004] [Accepted: 09/10/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The amplification by PCR of the Intergenic Spacer region (IGS) of rDNA followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was evaluated as a potential method for the identification of Debaryomyces hansenii among other yeast species that frequently contaminate Intermediate-Moisture Foods (IMFs). For a first rapid differentiation at the species level, the determination of the IGS-PCR fragment size was found to be a useful approach. The digestion of this region with the enzymes HhaI, HapII and MboI resulted in specific patterns that permit the identification of D. hansenii among other yeast species. This method also permitted the discrimination between the D. hansenii varieties (var. hansenii and var. fabryi) as well as the differentiation of D. hansenii from other species of the genus, such as Debaryomyces pseudopolymorphus or Debaryomyces polymorphus var. polymorphus. The IGS-PCR RFLP method was assayed for the differential detection of D. hansenii in contaminated or spoiled IMF products and compared with traditional identification procedures, resulting in a 100% detection rate for D. hansenii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/José Antonio Novais No. 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2004; 21:1317-24. [PMID: 15586969 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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