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Mouchrek MMM, Franco MM, da Silva LA, Martins KAC, Conceição SIOD, Rodrigues VP, Benatti BB. Identifying metabolic parameters related to severity and extent of periodontitis in down syndrome patients. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:904-913. [PMID: 35730357 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Systemic metabolic status and periodontitis can be related in patients with Down syndrome (DS). The objective of this study was to identify metabolic indicators (anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and serum markers) related to severity and extent of periodontitis in DS patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 49 patients with DS. Periodontal evaluation included the periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and visible plaque index (VPI). Periodontitis severity was classified by the stages system. The extent of periodontitis was assessed as the percentage of sites with CAL ≥3 mm, CAL ≥4 mm, PPD ≥4 mm, and PPD ≥5 mm. The metabolic condition of the participants was determined by analyzing anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and serum markers. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Periodontitis stage 3/4 was detected in 32.7% of patients, with high values of VPI (54.6 ± 35.8) and GBI (42.4 ± 33.3). The severity of periodontitis was related to higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin (β = .291, p = .028) and mean corpuscular volume values (β = .293, p = .046). Arm circumference measurements were inversely related to CAL ≥3 mm (β = -.408, p = .023), PPD ≥4 mm (β = -.475, p = .006), and PPD ≥5 mm (β = -.443, p = .010). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the severity and extent of periodontitis may be related to some metabolic parameters in DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayra Moura Franco
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Braga Benatti
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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Access to Dental Care-A Survey from Dentists, People with Disabilities and Caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041556. [PMID: 33562099 PMCID: PMC7915372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The literature highlights differences in the dental conditions of people with disabilities compared with the general population. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the dental health of people with disabilities in order to understand if their needs are met and to identify their most critical issues as per dentists. A paper and a Google Form platform were used in conducting a survey in Central Italy (the Abruzzo region), by performing an analysis on different points of view as reported by people with disabilities and dentists. The results showed that only 69.2% of dentists treat persons with disabilities. Of these, 73.5% treat less than 10 patients with physical disabilities per year. However, 54% of dentists do not treat people with cognitive impairment and a poor ability to collaborate during treatment. More than 80% of respondent dentists report that people with disabilities do not have good oral hygiene. On the other hand, 49.1% of people with disabilities (or their caregivers in cases where the patient was unable to answer) report that they rarely or never go to the dental office. Moreover, when they do go, it is mainly for emergencies. Despite this, respondents are well aware of their dental problems. However, they have difficulties in communicating their dental problems to their dentist. The 50% of dentists who treat people with cognitive impairment do not include them in follow-up, while only 20% of these patients reported being regularly recalled. This illustrates the importance of the implementation of follow-up. In addition, training courses could help clinicians to reduce this gap and create barrier-free dental offices.
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Nuernberg MAA, Ivanaga CA, Haas AN, Aranega AM, Casarin RCV, Caminaga RMS, Garcia VG, Theodoro LH. Periodontal status of individuals with Down syndrome: sociodemographic, behavioural and family perception influence. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2019; 63:1181-1192. [PMID: 31062454 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to assess the periodontal condition of individuals with Down syndrome and the association with sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics and family perception of oral health. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was performed at a referral centre for dental assistance to disabled persons in Araçatuba, Brazil. Parents of the individuals were interviewed, and the visible plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded by one periodontist in six sites per tooth of all teeth. The individual was the unit of analysis. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS Sixty-four subjects (23.8 ± 8.3 years old) were included. Eighteen (28.1%) were diagnosed with gingivitis and 46 (71.9%) with periodontitis. In the multiple logistic regression final model, age and self-reported oral hygiene practices were associated with the occurrence of periodontitis. The chance of having periodontitis was 4.7 times higher among individuals older than 20 years and approximately 4 times higher in patients whose oral hygiene was performed by themselves and their parents, compared with those who performed oral hygiene alone. Sex, follow-up time in the centre, education, degree of participants' dependence, flossing and family history of periodontal disease were not associated with the occurrence of periodontitis. Higher levels of plaque and bleeding were observed for participants with parents reporting bad gingival health (76.2% and 46.9%) and deficient oral hygiene (79.5% and 47.3%). The perception of parents regarding gingival bleeding was correlated with higher bleeding detected clinically (P = 0.01; 50.1%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of periodontitis in individuals with Down syndrome is high and increases with age, even in the face of the parents' perception about their children's oral condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A A Nuernberg
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - C A Ivanaga
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - A N Haas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A M Aranega
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - R C V Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - R M S Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - V G Garcia
- Post Graduate Program, Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education (ILAPEO), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - L H Theodoro
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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van de Wiel B, van Loon M, Reuland W, Bruers J. Periodontal disease in Down's syndrome patients. A retrospective study. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2018; 38:299-306. [PMID: 30044508 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the periodontal condition of people with Down syndrome (DS). Furthermore, risk factors were identified for the development of periodontitis. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were collected at the Centre for Special Care Dentistry (CBT) Rijnmond from the records of all 183 registered patients with DS who were 18 years of age on 31 December 2013. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of their periodontal status: healthy or periodontally compromised. A total of 36.6% of the DS patients had actually incurred damage by periodontitis. The risk factors were: high age at the time of intake, large number of treatment sessions, and impossibility for the "Dutch Periodontal Screening Index" to be measured. In conclusion, the early introduction and continuous attendance of DS patients in a CBT can contributed to better results for a healthy periodontal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjolein van Loon
- Centre for Special Care Dentistry, CBT Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wimke Reuland
- Centre for Special Care Dentistry, CBT Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Bruers
- Department of Social Dentistry and Behavioural Sciences, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Royal Dutch Dental Association (KNMT), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Scalioni FAR, Carrada CF, Martins CC, Ribeiro RA, Paiva SM. Periodontal disease in patients with Down syndrome: A systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc 2018; 149:628-639.e11. [PMID: 29779565 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors systematically reviewed the scientific evidence of an association between periodontal disease and Down syndrome (DS). TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED In this systematic review, the authors included observational studies in which the investigators assessed the prevalence, incidence, or experience of periodontal disease in patients with DS compared with that in healthy patients. The authors used the Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome structure. The population was patients of any age, the exposure was the presence of DS, the comparison was the absence of DS, and the outcome was the presence of periodontal disease. The authors conducted an electronic search in 5 databases through March 2017. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias by using the Fowkes and Fulton scale. The authors performed a meta-analysis to compare periodontal disease among patients with DS and those without DS. The authors calculated a summary effect measure-standard mean difference-when evaluating the means of the oral hygiene index. The authors assessed the strength of evidence from the selected studies by using a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. RESULTS The authors included 23 case-control studies in the systematic review and submitted 3 to meta-analysis. In the qualitative analysis, results from most studies showed that the prevalence of some periodontal parameters was higher among patients with DS than among those without DS. Evaluations of the Fowkes and Fulton scale point to many methodological problems in the studies evaluated. Results of the meta-analysis revealed no differences between groups with regard to the oral hygiene index (standard mean difference, 0.05; 95% confidence interval, -0.55 to 0.65; I2 = 0.0%). CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Further research is required, in particular well-designed studies that avoid the deficiencies identified in the studies in this review.
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Abstract
Down syndrome is a common disorder with many oral conditions and systemic manifestations. Dentists need to take a holistic approach including behavioral, oral, and systemic issues. This review of the literature focuses on oral anomalies, systemic interaction, management, and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Bin Mubayrik
- Department Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Altintas NY, Kilic S, Altintas SH. Oral Rehabilitation with Implant-Retained Overdenture in a Patient with Down Syndrome. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:e617-e621. [PMID: 28118519 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome, known as trisomy 21, is the most common chromosomal disorder. The disorder affects mental and systemic development as well as oral structure, including dental anomalies, high susceptibility of periodontal disease, and poor quality of alveolar bone. This report presents a case of dental rehabilitation by means of dental implants of a patient with Down syndrome. Two titanium dental implants were placed in the maxilla, and three titanium dental implants were installed in the mandible. One implant was lost during the osseointegration period. The prosthetic rehabilitation was performed with implant-retained maxillary and mandibular overdentures with the Locator attachment system. After a 2-year follow-up period, the patient was doing well, and all implants were clinically stable with no signs of bone loss or inflammation. The present study emphasizes that implant-retained overdentures with Locator attachment system could be a therapeutic option even for patients with Down syndrome. This therapy prevents crestal bone loss around the implants, improves functional and esthetic outcomes, and provides optimum oral hygiene for patients with mild mental impairment. Careful patient selection and education of patients and caregivers are essential considerations for a successful and safe treatment with dental implants in Down syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Yilmaz Altintas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Subutay Han Altintas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Ferreira R, Michel RC, Greghi SLA, de Resende MLR, Sant’Ana ACP, Damante CA, Zangrando MSR. Prevention and Periodontal Treatment in Down Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158339. [PMID: 27355338 PMCID: PMC4927059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic literature review was to evaluate which type of periodontal preventive and therapeutic approaches presents superior outcomes in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Studies reporting different methods of periodontal care from DS patients were considered eligible. Included clinical studies should indicate at least two periodontal parameters in different periods of assessment. Screening of the articles, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. Electronic search according to the PICO search, with both Key-words and MESH terms were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases until March 2016. Manual search was conducted in four journals, namely Journal of Periodontology, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Journal of Periodontal Research and Special Care in Dentistry and their electronic databases were searched. Electronic and manual search resulted in 763 papers, and of them 744 were excluded after title/abstract assessment. The full text of 19 potentially eligible publications was screened and 9 studies met inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated the importance to introduce youngest DS patients in preventive programs, as well as participation of parents, caregivers or institutional attendants in supervising/performing oral hygiene. In studies with higher frequency of attendance, all age groups presented superior preventive and therapeutic results, irrespective of the therapeutic approach used (surgical/nonsurgical/periodontal care program). The important factors for reducing periodontal parameters were the frequency of the appointments and association with chlorhexidine/plaque disclosing agents as adjuvant treatment. This systematic review demonstrated that early introduction in periodontal care, participation of parents/caregivers/institutional attendants, frequency of attendance and association with chemical adjuvants (independently of the periodontal treatment adopted) seems to improve periodontal outcomes in preventive and periodontal treatment of DS patients. Registration number (Prospero): CRD42016038433.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ferreira
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphaella Coelho Michel
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Luiz Aguiar Greghi
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Rubo de Resende
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Andreotti Damante
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Feldberg I, Merrick J. Intellectual disability and dental services: experience from Israel. Front Public Health 2014; 2:133. [PMID: 25325047 PMCID: PMC4179685 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Feldberg
- Division for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joav Merrick
- Division for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services, Jerusalem, Israel
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Cavalcante LB, Tanaka MH, Pires JR, Henrique Apponi L, Aparecida Giro EM, Roberto Valentini S, Palomari Spolidório DM, Capela MV, Rossa C, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Expression of the Interleukin-10 Signaling Pathway Genes in Individuals With Down Syndrome and Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2012; 83:926-35. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fickert NA, Ross D. Effectiveness of a caregiver education program on providing oral care to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2012; 50:219-232. [PMID: 22731971 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-50.3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Caregivers who work in community living arrangements or intermediate care facilities are responsible for the oral hygiene of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Oral hygiene training programs do not exist in many organizations, despite concerns about the oral care of this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a caregiver educational program. This study used a quasi-experimental one-group pretest/posttest design with repeated measures to describe the outcomes of an educational program. Program participants demonstrated oral hygiene skills on each other while being scored by a trained observer, after which they completed an oral hygiene compliance survey. After three months, a follow-up included the same posttest, demonstration of oral hygiene skills, and repeat of the compliance survey. Paired-sample t-tests of oral hygiene knowledge showed a statistically significant improvement from pretest to posttest and from pretest to three-month posttest. Oral hygiene skills and compliance improved. Results demonstrate evidence that caregiver education improves knowledge, skill, and compliance in oral hygiene. Further studies are required to demonstrate the value of providing oral hygiene education and training for caregivers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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Anders PL, Davis EL. Oral health of patients with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2010; 30:110-7. [PMID: 20500706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2010.00136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of original studies was conducted to determine if differences in oral health exist between adults who have intellectual disabilities (ID) and the general population. Electronic searching identified 27 studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies were assessed for strength of evidence. People with ID have poorer oral hygiene and higher prevalence and greater severity of periodontal disease. Caries rates in people with ID are the same as or lower than the general population. However, the rates of untreated caries are consistently higher in people with ID. Two subgroups at especially high risk for oral health problems are people with Down syndrome and people unable to cooperate for routine dental care. Evidence supports the need to develop strategies to increase patient acceptance for routine care, additional training for dentists to provide this care, and the development of more effective preventive strategies to minimize the need for this care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Anders
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine Buffalo, New York, USA.
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Khocht A, Janal M, Turner B. Periodontal health in Down syndrome: Contributions of mental disability, personal, and professional dental care. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2010; 30:118-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2010.00134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Haveman M, Heller T, Lee L, Maaskant M, Shooshtari S, Strydom A. Major Health Risks in Aging Persons With Intellectual Disabilities: An Overview of Recent Studies. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-1130.2010.00248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Iwamoto T, Yamada A, Yuasa K, Fukumoto E, Nakamura T, Fujiwara T, Fukumoto S. Influences of interferon-gamma on cell proliferation and interleukin-6 production in Down syndrome derived fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:963-9. [PMID: 19700144 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Down syndrome, a frequently encountered genetic disorder, is usually associated with medical problems related to infectious disease, such as periodontal diseases and prolonged wound healing. Although affected individuals are considered to have clinical problems related to high interferon (IFN) sensitivity, the molecular mechanisms of IFN activities are not completely understood. DESIGN Down syndrome derived fibroblasts, Detroit 539 (D1) and Hs 52.Sk (D2) cells, were used. To analyse the expressions of interferon (IFN) receptors and downstream of IFN-gamma, western blotting was performed. Cell proliferation was determined by counting cells following trypan blue staining. Media levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were quantified using ELISA. RESULTS IFN-gamma receptor 2 and IFN-alpha receptor 1, but not IFN-gamma receptor 1, were highly expressed in D1 and D2 cells, as compared to the control fibroblast cells. Cell proliferation by D1 and D2 cells was lower than that by the control fibroblasts, further, IFN-gamma had a greater effect to inhibit cell proliferation by D1 and D2 cells. In addition, IFN-gamma treatment increased the phosphorylation of STAT1 and MAPK in D1 cells as compared to normal fibroblasts. Also, the presence of exogenous IFN-gamma in the growth medium significantly induced IL-6, but not IL-1beta or TNF-alpha, in D1 and D2 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results are consistent with hypersensitive reactions to IFN-gamma seen in patients with Down syndrome and may provide useful information to elucidate the mechanisms of IFN-gamma activities in those individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Lin JD, Hsu SW, Chou YT, Yen CF, Wu JL, Chu CM, Loh CH. Assessment of GPs' beliefs relating to the care of people with intellectual disabilities: A Taiwan-based, opportunity-guided approach. Disabil Rehabil 2009; 30:611-7. [PMID: 17852278 DOI: 10.1080/09638280701476078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate general practitioners' (GPs) beliefs about the perceived importance of their role in, and their satisfaction with, providing healthcare to people with intellectual disabilities. The identification of healthcare issues with potential for improvement was assessed using gap analysis and an opportunity-guided method. METHOD A cross-sectional census survey by a mail-structured questionnaire recruited 331 GPs (response rate--16%) who provided information on healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities in 2006 in Taiwan. RESULTS The results indicated that GPs considered their role in providing healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities to be important (mean score 7.2-8.3). However, the respondents generally did not feel satisfied (mean score 4.6-5.5) with their achievements in treating patients with intellectual disabilities. We found that the gender and educational level of the respondents were statistically correlated to the perceived importance they considered their work to have, while the factors of age, medical practice setting and training experience in intellectual disability were statistically correlated to GPs' perceived satisfaction in providing healthcare to people with intellectual disabilities (p < 0.05). Those healthcare issues of'training and experience in intellectual disability', 'multi-disciplinary and multi-sectoral cooperation', 'adequate competence in disability diagnosis', 'genetic consulting services', 'duty of disease prevention and health promotion', and 'adequate medical consultation time' were the five most promising areas to be improved in healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities according to the opportunity-guided analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that health professionals need to examine carefully healthcare issues pertaining to people with ID, and that much more effort is required to develop appropriate healthcare policies based on the opportunity-guided health issues identified here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ding Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
People with intellectual impairments are treated within the mainstream NHS including primary care with little support from specialist services. There are communication issues for primary care staff in relation to access of services and the assessment of health needs for this vulnerable group of individuals. Primary care staff do not always feel equipped to support people with intellectual impairment and need training in order to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Clark
- The Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College, London.
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Lewis D, Fiske J, Dougall A. Access to special care dentistry, part 8. Special care dentistry services: seamless care for people in their middle years – part 2. Br Dent J 2008; 205:359-71. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chaushu S, Chaushu G, Zigmond M, Yefenof E, Stabholz A, Shapira J, Merrick J, Bachrach G. Age-dependent deficiency in saliva and salivary antibodies secretion in Down's syndrome. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:1088-96. [PMID: 17658453 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Down's syndrome (DS) individuals suffer from an increased susceptibility to infections. Here, we assessed age-related changes in the salivary-specific humoral immunity of DS subjects. DESIGN Parotid and whole saliva were collected from a young group of DS (YDS, n=30, 23.3+/-4 years), an older group of DS individuals (ODS, n=10, 51.9+/-8 years) and compared to two age-matched groups of healthy volunteers--a young group (YC, n=29, 22.8+/-5 years) and an older group (OC, n=10, 48.4+/-9 years). The levels of total IgA, and specific antibodies to three common oral pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus (Aggregatibacter) actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutans) were analysed. RESULTS The limited increases in IgA concentrations could not compensate the dramatic reduction in the salivary flow rate observed in DS individuals. Therefore, the median secretion rates of the specific antibodies in whole and parotid saliva were 70-77% and 34-60% (respectively) lower in YDS individuals as compared to YC and farther 77-100% and 75-88% (respectively) lower in ODS compared to YDS. In contrast, the antibody secretion rates were similar for parotid saliva, or even increased for whole saliva of OC, compared with YC. Consequently, a dramatic cumulative extreme reduction (>92%) in the bacterial specific salivary antibodies differentiated the adult DS individuals from to their age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a severe immunodeficiency in the secretion rate of the specific salivary IgA response of in DS individuals which intensifies with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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