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Dubald M, Bourgeois S, Andrieu V, Fessi H. Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems for Antibiotherapy-A Review. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E10. [PMID: 29342879 PMCID: PMC5874823 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last fifty years, ophthalmic drug delivery research has made much progress, challenging scientists about the advantages and limitations of this drug delivery approach. Topical eye drops are the most commonly used formulation in ocular drug delivery. Despite the good tolerance for patients, this topical administration is only focus on the anterior ocular diseases and had a high precorneal loss of drugs due to the tears production and ocular barriers. Antibiotics are popularly used in solution or in ointment for the ophthalmic route. However, their local bioavailability needs to be improved in order to decrease the frequency of administrations and the side effects and to increase their therapeutic efficiency. For this purpose, sustained release forms for ophthalmic delivery of antibiotics were developed. This review briefly describes the ocular administration with the ocular barriers and the currently topical forms. It focuses on experimental results to bypass the limitations of ocular antibiotic delivery with new ocular technology as colloidal and in situ gelling systems or with the improvement of existing forms as implants and contact lenses. Nanotechnology is presently a promising drug delivery way to provide protection of antibiotics and improve pathway through ocular barriers and deliver drugs to specific target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dubald
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Automatique et de GEnie des Procédés (LAGEP) Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
- Horus Pharma, Cap Var, 148 avenue Georges Guynemer, F-06700 Saint Laurent du Var, France.
| | - Sandrine Bourgeois
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Automatique et de GEnie des Procédés (LAGEP) Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (ISPB) - Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Véronique Andrieu
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6236 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, F-13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Hatem Fessi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Automatique et de GEnie des Procédés (LAGEP) Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (ISPB) - Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69008, Lyon, France.
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Riau AK, Mondal D, Aung TT, Murugan E, Chen L, Lwin NC, Zhou L, Beuerman RW, Liedberg B, Venkatraman SS, Mehta JS. Collagen-Based Artificial Corneal Scaffold with Anti-Infective Capability for Prevention of Perioperative Bacterial Infections. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:1324-1334. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andri K. Riau
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Debasish Mondal
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Thet T. Aung
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Elavazhagan Murugan
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Liyan Chen
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Nyein C. Lwin
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Roger W. Beuerman
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Subbu S. Venkatraman
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering and △Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- §Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research Group, ⊥Anti-Infectives Research Group, and #Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
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Abstract
The main aim of pharmacotherapeutics is the attainment of an effective drug concentration at the intended site of action for a sufficient period of time to elicit the response. A major problem being faced in ocular therapeutics is the attainment of an optimal concentration at the site of action. Poor bioavailability of drugs from ocular dosage forms is mainly due to the tear production, non-productive absorption, transient residence time, and impermeability of corneal epithelium. This article reviews: (1) the barriers that decrease the bioavailability of an ophthalmic drug; (2) the objectives to be considered in producing optimal formulations; and (3) the approaches being used to improve the corneal penetration of a drug molecule and delay its elimination from the eye. The focus of this review is on the recent developments in topical ocular drug delivery systems, the rationale for their use, their drug release mechanism, and the characteristic advantages and limitations of each system. In addition, the review attempts to give various analytical procedures including the animal models and other models required for bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies. The latter can aid in the design and predictive evaluation of newer delivery systems. The dosage forms are divided into the ones which affect the precorneal parameters, and those that provide a controlled and continuous delivery to the pre- and intraocular tissues. The systems discussed include: (a) the commonly used dosage forms such as gels, viscosity imparting agents, ointments, and aqueous suspensions; (b) the newer concept of penetration enhancers, phase transition systems, use of cyclodextrins to increase solubility of various drugs, vesicular systems, and chemical delivery systems such as the prodrugs; (c) the developed and under-development controlled/continuous drug delivery systems including ocular inserts, collagen shields, ocular films, disposable contact lenses, and other new ophthalmic drug delivery systems; and (d) the newer trends directed towards a combination of drug delivery technologies for improving the therapeutic response of a non-efficacious drug. The fruitful resolution of the above-mentioned technological suggestions can result in a superior dosage form for both topical and intraocular ophthalmic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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Abstract
The economic impact of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) warrants continued investigation of the mechanisms by which Moraxella bovis survives on and colonizes the corneal surface. Virulent strains of M bovis produce hemolysin and exhibit different plasmid profiles than nonvirulent strains. Interactions among host, environment, vector, season, and concurrent infection influence the prevalence of IBK. Mycoplasma sp. or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus may enhance or hasten the disease process. The manifestations of IBK may range from mild conjunctivitis to severe ulceration, corneal perforation, and blindness. Treatment of IBK is dictated by economic considerations, intended animal use, and feasibility of administration. Antibiotic therapy is aimed at achieving drug concentrations in tears to meet or exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration for prolonged periods. At present, IBK is not a preventable disease. Affected animals must be separated from the herd and vector control vigorously instituted. Carrier animals must be identified and removed from the herd. Vaccination trials have been unsuccessful because of pili antigen cross-reactivity, variable strains, and uncontrolled environmental factors. Recent investigations have determined that M bovis may utilize host iron sources via iron-repressible outer membrane proteins and siderophores for growth. Elucidation of normal defense mechanisms of the bovine eye may lead to new strategies to enhance the immune response against M bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Brown
- Veterinary Referral Centre, Little Falls, NJ 07424, USA.
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Abeynayake P, Cooper BS. The concentration of penicillin in bovine conjunctival sac fluid as it pertains to the treatment of Moraxella bovis infection. (II) Topical application. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1989; 12:31-6. [PMID: 2704058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1989.tb00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sodium benzyl penicillin, procaine penicillin and benethamine penicillin were applied into the bovine conjunctival sac as an aqueous solution or in ointment form in order to study the concentration-time profiles. The series of treatments was repeated in five animals in a random sequence. Penicillin concentration in conjunctival sac fluid (CF) was determined using the agar-well-diffusion assay technique. The data obtained were transformed to linear regression slopes. Similarity of the slopes within treatments (in five different eyes) enabled the construction of four common lines by co-variance analysis to represent each treatment. The regression coefficients of the four common lines were then compared to study the difference between treatments. Topical application of 5,000 iu sodium benzylpenicillin in aqueous solution at a concentration isotonic with 0.9% saline, produced a duration of therapeutic concentration (DTC) in CF of 12.6 +/- 1.5 h. When the same salt or other less water-soluble ones were formulated at the same concentration in an ointment base, the DTC was significantly prolonged. For all treatments, peak concentrations in CF were recorded at the first sampling and ranged between 7 iu/ml and 14 iu/ml. Sodium benzylpenicillin or procaine penicillin, both in the ointment base, produced DTCs of 38.8 +/- 2.1 h and 37 +/- 4.0 h, respectively, while the ointment formulation of benethamine penicillin produced a DTC of 56 +/- 4.5 h. The prolonged duration observed in the eye ointments can be partly accounted for by the viscous nature of the base. Other differences may be dependent on relative water solubility of each penicillin product and complexity of the surface mucosae of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abeynayake
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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