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Suzuki H, Takenaka M, Tojo K. Evolutionary history of a cold-adapted limnephilid caddisfly: Effects of climate change and topography on genetic structure. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 191:107967. [PMID: 38000705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of organisms is influenced by complex factors such as the phylogenetic evolutionary histories of species, the physiological and ecological characteristics of organisms, climate, and geographical and geohistorical features. In this study, we focused on a caddisfly, Asynarchus sachalinensis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), which has adapted to cold habitats. From phylogeographic analyses based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA regions and the nuclear DNA (nDNA) 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CAD), elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1-α), and RNA polymerase II (POLII) regions, two distinct genetic clades were detected. Clade I was shown to be widely distributed from Sakhalin to Honshu, whereas Clade II was only distributed within Honshu. The distributions of these clades overlapped in Honshu. The habitats were located at relatively lower altitudes for Clade I and higher altitudes for Clade II. The divergence time of these clades was estimated to be during the Pleistocene, indicating that repeated climatic changes facilitated distributional shifts. Haplotype network and demographic analyses based on the mtDNA COI region showed contrasting genetic structures in the two clades. It was indicated that the population sizes of Clade I had expanded rapidly in a recent period, whereas Clade II had maintained stable population sizes. The habitats of Clade II were typically isolated and scattered at high altitudes, resulting in restricted migration and dispersal because of their discontinuous "Sky Island" habitats. The habitats of Clade I were located at relatively low altitudes, and it was assumed that the populations were continuous, which resulted in a higher frequency of migration and dispersal between populations. Thus, differences in the spatial scale of the adapted habitats of each clade may have resulted in different patterns of population connectivity and fragmentation associated with repeated climatic changes during the Pleistocene. Our study provided new insight into the distributional patterns of cold-adapted aquatic insects in the Japanese Archipelago. Furthermore, the distributional shifts predicted by ecological niche modeling under future climatic change conditions were different for each clade. Therefore, different principles are required in the assessment of each clade to predict temporal changes in their distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Suzuki
- Division of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masaki Takenaka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Koji Tojo
- Division of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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2
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Trumbo DR, Hardy BM, Crockett HJ, Muths E, Forester BR, Cheek RG, Zimmerman SJ, Corey-Rivas S, Bailey LL, Funk WC. Conservation genomics of an endangered montane amphibian reveals low population structure, low genomic diversity and selection pressure from disease. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6777-6795. [PMID: 37864490 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife diseases are a major global threat to biodiversity. Boreal toads (Anaxyrus [Bufo] boreas) are a state-endangered species in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico, and a species of concern in Wyoming, largely due to lethal skin infections caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We performed conservation and landscape genomic analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms from double-digest, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing in combination with the development of the first boreal toad (and first North American toad) reference genome to investigate population structure, genomic diversity, landscape connectivity and adaptive divergence. Genomic diversity (π = 0.00034-0.00040) and effective population sizes (Ne = 8.9-38.4) were low, likely due to post-Pleistocene founder effects and Bd-related population crashes over the last three decades. Population structure was also low, likely due to formerly high connectivity among a higher density of geographically proximate populations. Boreal toad gene flow was facilitated by low precipitation, cold minimum temperatures, less tree canopy, low heat load and less urbanization. We found >8X more putatively adaptive loci related to Bd intensity than to all other environmental factors combined, and evidence for genes under selection related to immune response, heart development and regulation and skin function. These data suggest boreal toads in habitats with Bd have experienced stronger selection pressure from disease than from other, broad-scale environmental variations. These findings can be used by managers to conserve and recover the species through actions including reintroduction and supplementation of populations that have declined due to Bd.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Trumbo
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - B M Hardy
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - H J Crockett
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - E Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - B R Forester
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - R G Cheek
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - S J Zimmerman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - S Corey-Rivas
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico, USA
| | - L L Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - W C Funk
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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3
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Saini SK, Mahato S, Pandey DN, Joshi PK. Modeling flood susceptibility zones using hybrid machine learning models of an agricultural dominant landscape of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97463-97485. [PMID: 37594709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Flooding events are determining a significant amount of damages, in terms of economic loss and also casualties in Asia and Pacific areas. Due to complexity and ferocity of severe flooding, predicting flood-prone areas is a difficult task. Thus, creating flood susceptibility maps at local level is though challenging but an inevitable task. In order to implement a flood management plan for the Balrampur district, an agricultural dominant landscape of India, and strengthen its resilience, flood susceptibility modeling and mapping are carried out. In the present study, three hybrid machine learning (ML) models, namely, fuzzy-ANN (artificial neural network), fuzzy-RBF (radial basis function), and fuzzy-SVM (support vector machine) with 12 topographic, hydrological, and other flood influencing factors were used to determine flood-susceptible zones. To ascertain the relationship between the occurrences and flood influencing factors, correlation attribute evaluation (CAE) and multicollinearity diagnostic tests were used. The predictive power of these models was validated and compared using a variety of statistical techniques, including Wilcoxon signed-rank, t-paired tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results show that fuzzy-RBF model outperformed other hybrid ML models for modeling flood susceptibility, followed by fuzzy-ANN and fuzzy-SVM. Overall, these models have shown promise in identifying flood-prone areas in the basin and other basins around the world. The outcomes of the work would benefit policymakers and government bodies to capture the flood-affected areas for necessary planning, action, and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Saini
- Special Centre for Disaster Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Susanta Mahato
- Special Centre for Disaster Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Deep Narayan Pandey
- Special Centre for Disaster Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Pawan Kumar Joshi
- Special Centre for Disaster Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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4
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Karami P, Tavakoli S, Esmaeili M. Fine-scale habitat suitability and connectivity analysis for the core populations of Yellow-spotted mountain pond-breeding newt (Neurergus derjugini) in the west of Iran and east of Iraq. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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5
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Hantak MM, Guralnick RP, Zare A, Stucky BJ. Computer vision for assessing species color pattern variation from web-based community science images. iScience 2022; 25:104784. [PMID: 35982791 PMCID: PMC9379571 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Openly available community science digital vouchers provide a wealth of data to study phenotypic change across space and time. However, extracting phenotypic data from these resources requires significant human effort. Here, we demonstrate a workflow and computer vision model for automatically categorizing species color pattern from community science images. Our work is focused on documenting the striped/unstriped color polymorphism in the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus). We used an ensemble convolutional neural network model to analyze this polymorphism in 20,318 iNaturalist images. Our model was highly accurate (∼98%) despite image heterogeneity. We used the resulting annotations to document extensive niche overlap between morphs, but wider niche breadth for striped morphs at the range-wide scale. Our work showcases key design principles for using machine learning with heterogeneous community science image data to address questions at an unprecedented scale. We built a deep learning model to group color morphs from community science images Our model achieved 98% accuracy for classifying striped and unstriped salamanders We used our model to classify >20,000 images and built morph-specific niche models We then determined if Red-backed salamanders niche partition at a range-wide scale
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie M. Hantak
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Robert P. Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alina Zare
- Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian J. Stucky
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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6
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Byrne M, Ramalho CE, Tapper S, Coates DJ. Topographic Complexity Facilitates Persistence Compared to Signals of Contraction and Expansion in the Adjacent Subdued Landscape. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.833766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Topographically heterogeneous areas are likely to act as refugia for species because they facilitate survival during regional climatic stress due to availability of a range of microenvironments. The Stirling Ranges are a topographically complex area in the generally subdued and ancient landscape of south-western Australia. We investigated the influence of these landscape features on the evolutionary history of the rare woody shrub, Banksia brownii through a combined approach using phylogeographic analysis of sequence data from three chloroplast sequences, the trnV–ndhC, trnQ–rps16, and rpl32–ndhF intergenic spacer regions, and species distribution modeling. The Stirling Ranges showed high genetic diversity and differentiation among populations consistent with localized persistence and maintenance of large populations in an area that species distribution modeling identified as providing habitat stability at the Last Glacial Maximum as well as under warmer conditions. In contrast, populations in the adjacent subdued lowlands showed signals of low diversity, suggesting contraction, and subsequent expansion from localized refugia in the west. Cool summers are an important climatic variable for the species and species distribution modeling showed suitable habitat identified at the LGM suggesting expansion at this time following likely contraction during earlier warmer climatic oscillations. The isolated, coastal population at Vancouver Peninsula showed low diversity but no differentiation and it may have been established in more recent historical times, possibly through Aboriginal movement of seed. Our analysis of B. brownii highlights the complex evolutionary history of the species and the influence of topographic complexity and habitat heterogeneity in this global biodiversity hotspot.
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7
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Sunny A, López‐Sánchez M, Ramírez‐Corona F, Suárez‐Atilano M, González‐Fernández A. Genetic diversity and functional connectivity of a critically endangered salamander. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Sunny
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Estado de México Mexico
| | - Monserrat López‐Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Estado de México Mexico
| | - Fabiola Ramírez‐Corona
- Taller de Sistemática y Biogeografía Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
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Briñoccoli YF, Jardim de Queiroz L, Bogan S, Paracampo A, Posadas PE, Somoza GM, Montoya‐Burgos JI, Cardoso YP. Processes that drive the population structuring of Jenynsia lineata (Cyprinidontiformes, Anablepidae) in the La Plata Basin. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6119-6132. [PMID: 34141207 PMCID: PMC8207347 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of genetic diversity across a species distribution range is rarely homogeneous, as the genetic structure among populations is related to the degree of isolation among them, such as isolation by distance, isolation by barrier, and isolation by environment. Jenynsia lineata is a small viviparous fish that inhabits a wide range of habitats in South America. To decipher the isolation processes that drive population structuring in J. lineata, we analyzed 221 sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI), from 19 localities. Then, we examined the influence of the three most common types of isolation in order to explain the genetic variation found in this species.Our results revealed a marked structuration, with three groups: (a) La Plata/Desaguadero Rivers (sampling sites across Argentina, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil), (b) Central Argentina, and (c) Northern Argentina. A distance-based redundancy analysis, including the explanatory variables geographical distances, altitude, latitude, and basin, was able to explain up to 65% of the genetic structure. A variance partitioning analysis showed that the two most important variables underlying the structuration in J. lineata were altitude (isolation by environment) and type of basin (isolation by barrier).Our results show that in this species, the processes of population diversification are complex and are not limited to a single mechanism. The processes that play a prominent role in this study could explain the high rate of diversity that characterizes freshwater fish species. And these processes in turn are the basis for possible speciation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina F. Briñoccoli
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y AcuiculturaInstituto Tecnológico Chascomús (CONICET‐UNSAM)ChascomúsArgentina
| | | | - Sergio Bogan
- Fundación de Historia Natural “Félix de Azara”Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y AntropologíaUniversidad MaimónidesCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ariel Paracampo
- Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. RingueletCONICET‐CCT La Plata‐UNLPBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Paula E. Posadas
- CONICETLaboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva (LASBE)Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Gustavo M. Somoza
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y AcuiculturaInstituto Tecnológico Chascomús (CONICET‐UNSAM)ChascomúsArgentina
| | | | - Yamila P. Cardoso
- CONICETLaboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva (LASBE)Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataBuenos AiresArgentina
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9
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Hardy BM, Pope KL, Latch EK. Genomic signatures of demographic declines in an imperiled amphibian inform conservation action. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Hardy
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Research Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - K. L. Pope
- United States Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Arcata CA USA
| | - E. K. Latch
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Research Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA
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10
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Matisziw TC, Gholamialam A, Trauth KM. Modeling habitat connectivity in support of multiobjective species movement: An application to amphibian habitat systems. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008540. [PMID: 33370775 PMCID: PMC7793291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reasoning about the factors underlying habitat connectivity and the inter-habitat movement of species is essential to many areas of biological inquiry. In order to better describe and understand the ways in which the landscape may support species movement, an increasing amount of research has focused on identification of paths or corridors that may be important in providing connectivity among habitat. The least-cost path problem has proven to be an instrumental analytical tool in this sense. A complicating aspect of such path identification methods is how to best reconcile and integrate the array of criteria or objectives that species may consider in traversal of a landscape. In cases where habitat connectivity is thought to be influenced or guided by multiple objectives, numerous solutions to least-cost path problems can exist, representing tradeoffs between the objectives. In practice though, identification of these solutions can be very challenging and as such, only a small proportion of them are typically examined leading to a weak characterization of habitat connectivity. To address this computational challenge, a multiobjective optimization framework is proposed. A generalizable multiobjective least-cost path model is first detailed. A non-inferior set estimation (MONISE) algorithm for identifying supported efficient solutions to the multiobjective least-cost path model is then described. However, it is well known that unsupported efficient solutions (which are equally important) can also exist, but are typically ignored given that they are more difficult to identify. Thus, to enable the identification of the full set of efficient solutions (supported and unsupported) to the multiobjective model, a multi-criteria labeling algorithm is then proposed. The developed framework is applied to assess different conceptualizations of habitat connectivity supporting amphibian movement in a wetland system. The results highlight the range of tradeoffs in characterizations of connectivity that can exist when multiple objectives are thought to contribute to movement decisions and that the number of unsupported efficient solutions (which are typically ignored) can vastly outweigh that of the supported efficient solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Matisziw
- Department of Geography, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ashkan Gholamialam
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Trauth
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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Rothstein AP, Knapp RA, Bradburd GS, Boiano DM, Briggs CJ, Rosenblum EB. Stepping into the past to conserve the future: Archived skin swabs from extant and extirpated populations inform genetic management of an endangered amphibian. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2598-2611. [PMID: 32573039 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Moving animals on a landscape through translocations and reintroductions is an important management tool used in the recovery of endangered species, particularly for the maintenance of population genetic diversity and structure. Management of imperiled amphibian species rely heavily on translocations and reintroductions, especially for species that have been brought to the brink of extinction by habitat loss, introduced species, and disease. One striking example of amphibian declines and associated management efforts is in California's Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks with the mountain yellow-legged frog species complex (Rana sierrae/muscosa). Mountain yellow-legged frogs have been extirpated from more than 93% of their historic range, and limited knowledge of their population genetics has made long-term conservation planning difficult. To address this, we used 598 archived skin swabs from both extant and extirpated populations across 48 lake basins to generate a robust Illumina-based nuclear amplicon data set. We found that samples grouped into three main genetic clusters, concordant with watershed boundaries. We also found evidence for historical gene flow across watershed boundaries with a north-to-south axis of migration. Finally, our results indicate that genetic diversity is not significantly different between populations with different disease histories. Our study offers specific management recommendations for imperiled mountain yellow-legged frogs and, more broadly, provides a population genetic framework for leveraging minimally invasive samples for the conservation of threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Rothstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roland A Knapp
- Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Laboratory, University of California, Mammoth Lakes, CA, USA
| | - Gideon S Bradburd
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel M Boiano
- Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Three Rivers, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl J Briggs
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Erica Bree Rosenblum
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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12
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Wang IJ. Topographic path analysis for modelling dispersal and functional connectivity: Calculating topographic distances using the
topoDistance r
package. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management College of Natural Resources University of California Berkeley CA USA
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13
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Igawa T, Sugawara H, Honda M, Tominaga A, Oumi S, Katsuren S, Ota H, Matsui M, Sumida M. Detecting inter- and intra-island genetic diversity: population structure of the endangered crocodile newt, Echinotriton andersoni, in the Ryukyus. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Vaissi S, Sharifi M. Integrating multi-criteria decision analysis with a GIS-based siting procedure to select a protected area for the Kaiser's mountain newt, Neurergus kaiseri (Caudata: Salamandridae). Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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15
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Winiarski KJ, Peterman WE, Whiteley AR, McGarigal K. Multiscale resistant kernel surfaces derived from inferred gene flow: An application with vernal pool breeding salamanders. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 20:97-113. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J. Winiarski
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
- Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | - William E. Peterman
- School of Environment and Natural Resources Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Andrew R. Whiteley
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Kevin McGarigal
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
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16
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Panicz R, Napora-Rutkowski Ł, Keszka S, Skuza L, Szenejko M, Śmietana P. Genetic diversity in natural populations of noble crayfish ( Astacus astacus L.) in north-western Poland on the basis of combined SSR and AFLP data. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7301. [PMID: 31392091 PMCID: PMC6673429 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conservation of noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) populations is becoming particularly important since the number of individuals is rapidly declining across the distribution range of the species in Europe. Five crayfish populations in northwestern Poland have been constantly monitored for two decades. However, the genetic structure of these populations has not been analysed, although this information is important to devise effective conservation strategies. Methods Noble crayfish were collected in the autumn of 2014 by scuba diving in Lakes Graniczne, Babinki, Biwakowe, Sęki and Kwisno, all of which are situated in the Bytów Lakeland of northwestern Poland. Genetic diversity of the five populations was assessed based on allele variability in nine SSR regions and six AFLP primer combinations. Results Microsatellite results analysed with AMOVA showed that the diversity between populations corresponds to 18% of total variability, which was confirmed by similar results obtained using AFLP. Additionally, significant genetic diversity was revealed by high average FST values. All of the studied crayfish populations significantly deviated from the expected Hardy–Weinberg genetic equilibrium and were characterised by negative values of inbreeding coefficient (FIS). Discussion The invariably negative inbreeding coefficients (FIS) suggest a low number of mating individuals, a possible consequence of the phenomenon known as genetic bottleneck. However, additional comprehensive analyses are needed to assess the genetic structure, origin and vulnerability of the remaining populations of noble crayfish in the Bytów Lakeland of northwestern Poland, which have high conservation value and are particularly important as a live genetic bank for breeding and restitution purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Panicz
- Department of Meat Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Napora-Rutkowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Golysz, Chybie, Poland
| | - Sławomir Keszka
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cytology, Institute for Research on Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szenejko
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research on Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Śmietana
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Institute for Research on Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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17
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Pilczynska J, Cocito S, Boavida J, Serrão EA, Assis J, Fragkopoulou E, Queiroga H. Genetic diversity increases with depth in red gorgonian populations of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6794. [PMID: 31179167 PMCID: PMC6536111 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the ocean, the variability of environmental conditions found along depth gradients exposes populations to contrasting levels of perturbation, which can be reflected in the overall patterns of species genetic diversity. At shallow sites, resource availability may structure large, persistent and well-connected populations with higher levels of diversity. In contrast, the more extreme conditions, such as thermal stress during heat waves, can lead to population bottlenecks and genetic erosion, inverting the natural expectation. Here we examine how genetic diversity varies along depth for a long-lived, important ecosystem-structuring species, the red gorgonian, Paramuricea clavata. Methods We used five polymorphic microsatellite markers to infer differences in genetic diversity and differentiation, and to detect bottleneck signs between shallow and deeper populations across the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. We further explored the potential relationship between depth and environmental gradients (temperature, ocean currents, productivity and slope) on the observed patterns of diversity by means of generalized linear mixed models. Results An overall pattern of higher genetic diversity was found in the deeper sites of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. This pattern was largely explained by bottom temperatures, with a linear pattern of decreasing genetic diversity with increasing thermal stress. Genetic differentiation patterns showed higher gene flow within sites (i.e., shallow vs. deeper populations) than between sites. Recent genetic bottlenecks were found in two populations of shallow depths. Discussion Our results highlight the role of deep refugial populations safeguarding higher and unique genetic diversity for marine structuring species. Theoretical regression modelling demonstrated how thermal stress alone may reduce population sizes and diversity levels of shallow water populations. In fact, the examination of time series on a daily basis showed the upper water masses repeatedly reaching lethal temperatures for P. clavata. Differentiation patterns showed that the deep richer populations are isolated. Gene flow was also inferred across different depths; however, not in sufficient levels to offset the detrimental effects of surface environmental conditions on genetic diversity. The identification of deep isolated areas with high conservation value for the red gorgonian represents an important step in the face of ongoing and future climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pilczynska
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM-Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Cocito
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development-ENEA, Marine Environment Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Joana Boavida
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Ester A Serrão
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Assis
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Eliza Fragkopoulou
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Henrique Queiroga
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM-Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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18
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Capblancq T, Mavárez J, Rioux D, Després L. Speciation with gene flow: Evidence from a complex of alpine butterflies ( Coenonympha, Satyridae). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:6444-6457. [PMID: 31236234 PMCID: PMC6580291 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Until complete reproductive isolation is achieved, the extent of differentiation between two diverging lineages is the result of a dynamic equilibrium between genetic isolation and mixing. This is especially true for hybrid taxa, for which the degree of isolation in regard to their parental species is decisive in their capacity to rise as a new and stable entity. In this work, we explored the past and current patterns of hybridization and divergence within a complex of closely related butterflies in the genus Coenonympha in which two alpine species, C. darwiniana and C. macromma, have been shown to result from hybridization between the also alpine C. gardetta and the lowland C. arcania. By testing alternative scenarios of divergence among species, we show that gene flow has been uninterrupted throughout the speciation process, although leading to different degrees of current genetic isolation between species in contact zones depending on the pair considered. Nonetheless, at broader geographic scale, analyses reveal a clear genetic differentiation between hybrid lineages and their parental species, pointing out to an advanced stage of the hybrid speciation process. Finally, the positive correlation observed between ecological divergence and genetic isolation among these butterflies suggests a potential role for ecological drivers during their speciation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Capblancq
- Laboratoire d’Écologie AlpineUMR5553CNRS‐Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Jesús Mavárez
- Laboratoire d’Écologie AlpineUMR5553CNRS‐Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Delphine Rioux
- Laboratoire d’Écologie AlpineUMR5553CNRS‐Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Laurence Després
- Laboratoire d’Écologie AlpineUMR5553CNRS‐Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
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19
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Mulder KP, Cortes‐Rodriguez N, Campbell Grant EH, Brand A, Fleischer RC. North-facing slopes and elevation shape asymmetric genetic structure in the range-restricted salamander Plethodon shenandoah. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5094-5105. [PMID: 31110664 PMCID: PMC6509443 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Species with narrow environmental tolerances are often distributed within fragmented patches of suitable habitat, and dispersal among these subpopulations can be difficult to directly observe. Genetic data can help quantify gene flow between localities, which is especially important for vulnerable species with a disjunct range. The Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah) is a federally endangered species known only from three mountaintops in Virginia, USA. To reconstruct the evolutionary history and population connectivity of this species, we generated both mitochondrial and nuclear data using sequence capture from individuals collected across all three mountaintops. Applying population and landscape genetic methods, we found strong population structure that was independent of geographic distance. Both the nuclear markers and mitochondrial genomes indicated a deep split between the most southern population and the genetically similar central and northern populations. Although there was some mitochondrial haplotype-splitting between the central and northern populations, there was admixture in nuclear markers. This is indicative of either a recent split or current male-biased dispersal among mountain isolates. Models of landscape resistance found that dispersal across north-facing slopes at mid-elevation levels best explain the observed genetic structure among populations. These unexpected results highlight the importance of incorporating landscape features in understanding and predicting the movement and fragmentation of this range-restricted salamander species across space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Mulder
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological ParkSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesCIBIO/InBIOVairãoPortugal
- Departamento de BiologiaFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Nandadevi Cortes‐Rodriguez
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological ParkSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- Department of BiologyIthaca CollegeIthacaNew York
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterSO Conte Anadromous Fish Research LabTurners FallsMassachusetts
| | - Adrianne Brand
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterSO Conte Anadromous Fish Research LabTurners FallsMassachusetts
| | - Robert C. Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological ParkSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
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20
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Sunny A, Duarte-deJesus L, Aguilera-Hernández A, Ramírez-Corona F, Suárez-Atilano M, Percino-Daniel R, Manjarrez J, Monroy-Vilchis O, González-Fernández A. Genetic diversity and demography of the critically endangered Roberts' false brook salamander (Pseudoeurycea robertsi) in Central Mexico. Genetica 2019; 147:149-164. [PMID: 30879155 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Land use changes are threatening the maintenance of biodiversity. Genetic diversity is one of the main indicators of biological diversity and is highly important as it shapes the capability of populations to respond to environmental changes. We studied eleven populations of Pseudoeurycea robertsi, a micro-endemic and critically endangered species from the Nevado de Toluca Volcano, a mountain that is part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. We sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 71 individuals and genotyped 9 microsatellites from 150 individuals. Our results based on the cytochrome b showed two divergent lineages, with moderate levels of genetic diversity and a recently historical demographic expansion. Microsatellite-based results indicated low levels of heterozygosity for all populations and few alleles per locus, as compared with other mole salamander species. We identified two genetically differentiated subpopulations with a significant level of genetic structure. These results provide fundamental data for the development of management plans and conservation efforts for this critically endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Sunny
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario #100, Colonia Centro, 50000, Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico.
| | - Luis Duarte-deJesus
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario #100, Colonia Centro, 50000, Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Arlene Aguilera-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario #100, Colonia Centro, 50000, Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Ramírez-Corona
- Taller de Sistemática y Biogeografía, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Suárez-Atilano
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Percino-Daniel
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Manjarrez
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario #100, Colonia Centro, 50000, Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Octavio Monroy-Vilchis
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario #100, Colonia Centro, 50000, Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Andrea González-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario #100, Colonia Centro, 50000, Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico
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21
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Valbuena-Ureña E, Oromi N, Soler-Membrives A, Carranza S, Amat F, Camarasa S, Denoël M, Guillaume O, Sanuy D, Loyau A, Schmeller DS, Steinfartz S. Jailed in the mountains: Genetic diversity and structure of an endemic newt species across the Pyrenees. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200214. [PMID: 30071027 PMCID: PMC6071966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pyrenees represent a natural laboratory for biogeographic, evolutionary and ecological research of mountain fauna as a result of the high variety of habitats and the profound effect of the glacial and interglacial periods. There is a paucity of studies providing a detailed insight into genetic processes and better knowledge on the patterns of genetic diversity and how they are maintained under high altitude conditions. This is of particular interest when considering the course of past climate conditions and glaciations in a species which is considered site tenacious, with long generation times. Here we analyzed the genetic patterns of diversity and structure of the endemic Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper) along its distribution range, with special emphasis on the distinct habitat types (caves, streams, and lakes), and the altitudinal and geographical ranges, using a total set of 900 individuals from 44 different localities across the Pyrenean mountain range genotyped for 19 microsatellite loci. We found evidence for a negative longitudinal and positive altitudinal gradient of genetic diversity in C. asper populations. The fact that genetic diversity was markedly higher westwards is in accordance with other Pyrenean species. However, the impact of altitudinal gradient on the genetic diversity seems to differ from other species, and mostly from other amphibians. We found that lower altitudes can act as a barrier probably because the lowlands do not provide a suitable habitat for C. asper. Regarding the distinct habitat types, caves had significantly lower values of genetic diversity compared to streams or lakes. The mean FST value was relatively high (0.304) with maximum values as high as 0.771, suggesting a highly structured total population. Indeed, populations were grouped into five subclusters, the eastern populations (cluster 1) remained grouped into two subclusters and the central-western Pyrenees (cluster 2) into three subclusters. The increase of isolation with geographical distance is consistent with the population structure detected. In conclusion, C. asper seems to be adapted to high altitude mountain habitats, and its genetic diversity is higher in the western Pyrenees. In terms of conservation priority, we consider more relevant the populations that represent a reservoir of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Valbuena-Ureña
- Unitat de Zoologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
- Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa (Catalan Wildlife Service–Forestal Catalana), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Oromi
- Departament de Ciència Animal (Fauna Silvestre), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Soler-Membrives
- Unitat de Zoologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail: (ASM); (SS)
| | - Salvador Carranza
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fèlix Amat
- Àrea d’Herpetologia, Museu de Granollers, Ciències Naturals, Granollers, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastià Camarasa
- Departament de Ciència Animal (Fauna Silvestre), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mathieu Denoël
- Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology, Behavioural Biology Group, Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Guillaume
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale CNRS-Université de Toulouse, Moulis, France
| | - Delfí Sanuy
- Departament de Ciència Animal (Fauna Silvestre), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adeline Loyau
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Department of Conservation Biology, Leipzig, Germany
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Dirk S. Schmeller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Department of Conservation Biology, Leipzig, Germany
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Zoological Institute, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Unit of Molecular Ecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail: (ASM); (SS)
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22
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The Tanggula Mountains enhance population divergence in Carex moorcroftii: a dominant sedge on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2741. [PMID: 29426823 PMCID: PMC5807306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude mountains are often geographic barriers to gene flow and play important roles in shaping population divergence. The central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) stands the location of the Tanggula Mountains (TM). We use the TM as a case, using Carex moorcroftii, a dominant species on the QTP to test the effects of geographic barriers on plant population divergence. We sampled 18 C. moorcroftii populations along a north-south transect crossing the TM to investigate the correlations of genetic variation and morphological traits with climate variables. The results showed this species holds high genetic diversity (He = 0.58) and the surveyed populations can be genetically clustered into two groups: populations from the north face of TM, and the other from the south. Gene flow between populations within groups is higher than those between groups. The traits, number and mass of seeds, mass of root and infructescence significantly varied among populations. Mantel-tests detected a weak but significantly positive correlation between genetic and geographic (R2 = 0.107, p = 0.032) and climatic distance (R2 = 0.162, p = 0.005), indicating both isolation by distance and isolation by environment. These findings together suggest high-altitude mountains of TM interrupt habitat continuity, result in distinct climatic conditions on both sides, increasing population divergence of plant species.
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23
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Heredia-Bobadilla RL, Monroy-Vilchis O, Zarco-González MM, Martínez-Gómez D, Mendoza-Martínez GD, Sunny A. Genetic variability and structure of an isolated population of Ambystoma altamirani, a mole salamander that lives in the mountains of one of the largest urban areas in the world. J Genet 2018; 96:873-883. [PMID: 29321345 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amphibians are globally threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation; species within the order Ambystoma are not the exception, as there are 18 species of mole salamanders in México, of which 16 are endemic and all species are under some national or international status of protection. The mole salamander, Ambystoma altamirani is a microendemic species, which is distributed in central México, within the trans-Mexican volcanic belt, and is one of the most threatened species due to habitat destruction and the introduction of exotic species. Nine microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic structure, genetic variability, effective population size, presence of bottlenecks and inbreeding coefficient of one population of A. altamirani to generate information which might help to protect and conserve this threatened species. We found two genetic subpopulations with significant level of genetic structure (FST = 0.005) and high levels of genetic variability (Ho = 0.883; He = 0.621); we also found a small population size (Ne = 8.8), the presence of historical (M = 0.486) and recent bottlenecks under IAM and TPM models, with a low, but significant coefficient of inbreeding (FIS = -0.451). This information will help us to raise conservation strategies of this microendemic mole salamander species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-Laura Heredia-Bobadilla
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto literario # 100, Colonia Centro, CP 50000 Toluca, Estado de México, México.
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24
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Urgoiti J, Muñoz A, Espelta JM, Bonal R. Distribution and space use of seed-dispersing rodents in central Pyrenees: implications for genetic diversity, conservation and plant recruitment. Integr Zool 2018; 13:307-318. [PMID: 29316239 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The function and conservation of many forest ecosystems depend on the distribution and diversity of the community of rodents that consume and disperse seeds. The habitat preferences and interactions are especially relevant in alpine systems where such granivorous rodents reach the southernmost limit of their distribution and are especially sensitive to global warming. We analyzed the community of granivorous rodents in the Pyrenees, one of the southernmost mountain ranges of Europe. Rodent species were identified by DNA with particular attention to the Apodemus species, which are prominent seed-dispersing rodents in Europe. We confirmed for the first time the presence of the yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis, in central Pyrenees, a typical Eurosiberian species that reaches its southernmost distribution limit in this area. We also found the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, a related species more tolerant to Mediterranean environments. Both rodents were spatially segregated by altitude. A. sylvaticus was rare at high altitudes, which might cause the genetic differentiation between populations of the different valleys reported here. We also found other seed consumers like dormice, Elyomis quercinus, and voles, Myodes glareolus, with marked habitat preferences. We suggest that population isolation among valleys may increase the genetic diversity of rodents, like A. sylvaticus. We also highlight the potential threat that global warming may represent for species linked to high-altitude refuges at the southern edge of its distribution, like Apodemus flavicollis. Finally, we discuss how this threat may have a dimension in the conservation of alpine forests dispersed by these rodent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Urgoiti
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Education, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Bonal
- Forest Research Group, INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain.,DITEG Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Research group of Genetic and Cultural Biodiversity, Research centre for Cinegetic Resources (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
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25
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Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Gonçalves J, Civantos E, Martínez-Solano I. Comparative landscape genetics of pond-breeding amphibians in Mediterranean temporal wetlands: The positive role of structural heterogeneity in promoting gene flow. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5407-5420. [PMID: 28752597 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Comparative landscape genetics studies can provide key information to implement cost-effective conservation measures favouring a broad set of taxa. These studies are scarce, particularly in Mediterranean areas, which include diverse but threatened biological communities. Here, we focus on Mediterranean wetlands in central Iberia and perform a multi-level, comparative study of two endemic pond-breeding amphibians, a salamander (Pleurodeles waltl) and a toad (Pelobates cultripes). We genotyped 411 salamanders from 20 populations and 306 toads from 16 populations at 18 and 16 microsatellite loci, respectively, and identified major factors associated with population connectivity through the analysis of three sets of variables potentially affecting gene flow at increasingly finer levels of spatial resolution. Topographic, land use/cover, and remotely sensed vegetation/moisture indices were used to derive optimized resistance surfaces for the two species. We found contrasting patterns of genetic structure, with stronger, finer scale genetic differentiation in Pleurodeles waltl, and notable differences in the role of fine-scale patterns of heterogeneity in vegetation cover and water content in shaping patterns of regional genetic structure in the two species. Overall, our results suggest a positive role of structural heterogeneity in population connectivity in pond-breeding amphibians, with habitat patches of Mediterranean scrubland and open oak woodlands ("dehesas") facilitating gene flow. Our study highlights the usefulness of remotely sensed continuous variables of land cover, vegetation and water content (e.g., NDVI, NDMI) in conservation-oriented studies aimed at identifying major drivers of population connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, CIBIO/InBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Emilio Civantos
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, CIBIO/InBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Iñigo Martínez-Solano
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, CIBIO/InBIO, Vairão, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,Ecology, Evolution and Development Group, Department of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station, CSIC, Seville, Spain
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26
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Torroba-Balmori P, Budde KB, Heer K, González-Martínez SC, Olsson S, Scotti-Saintagne C, Casalis M, Sonké B, Dick CW, Heuertz M. Altitudinal gradients, biogeographic history and microhabitat adaptation affect fine-scale spatial genetic structure in African and Neotropical populations of an ancient tropical tree species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182515. [PMID: 28771629 PMCID: PMC5542443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) within populations can provide insights into eco-evolutionary processes. Restricted dispersal and locally occurring genetic drift are the primary causes for FSGS at equilibrium, as described in the isolation by distance (IBD) model. Beyond IBD expectations, spatial, environmental or historical factors can affect FSGS. We examined FSGS in seven African and Neotropical populations of the late-successional rain forest tree Symphonia globulifera L. f. (Clusiaceae) to discriminate the influence of drift-dispersal vs. landscape/ecological features and historical processes on FSGS. We used spatial principal component analysis and Bayesian clustering to assess spatial genetic heterogeneity at SSRs and examined its association with plastid DNA and habitat features. African populations (from Cameroon and São Tomé) displayed a stronger FSGS than Neotropical populations at both marker types (mean Sp = 0.025 vs. Sp = 0.008 at SSRs) and had a stronger spatial genetic heterogeneity. All three African populations occurred in pronounced altitudinal gradients, possibly restricting animal-mediated seed dispersal. Cyto-nuclear disequilibria in Cameroonian populations also suggested a legacy of biogeographic history to explain these genetic patterns. Conversely, Neotropical populations exhibited a weaker FSGS, which may reflect more efficient wide-ranging seed dispersal by Neotropical bats and other dispersers. The population from French Guiana displayed an association of plastid haplotypes with two morphotypes characterized by differential habitat preferences. Our results highlight the importance of the microenvironment for eco-evolutionary processes within persistent tropical tree populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Torroba-Balmori
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, INIA Forest Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid - INIA, Palencia, Spain
| | | | - Katrin Heer
- Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Conservation Biology and Ecology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Santiago C. González-Martínez
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, INIA Forest Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid - INIA, Palencia, Spain
- UMR BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - Sanna Olsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, INIA Forest Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christopher W. Dick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Republic of Panama
| | - Myriam Heuertz
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, INIA Forest Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- UMR BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, Cestas, France
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Potts AJ. Catchments catch all in South African coastal lowlands: topography and palaeoclimate restricted gene flow in Nymania capensis (Meliaceae)-a multilocus phylogeographic and distribution modelling approach. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2965. [PMID: 28168122 PMCID: PMC5289106 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates orbitally-forced range dynamics at a regional scale by exploring the evolutionary history of Nymania capensis (Meliaceae) across the deeply incised landscapes of the subescarpment coastal lowlands of South Africa; a region that is home to three biodiversity hotspots (Succulent Karoo, Fynbos, and Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany hotspots). METHODS A range of methods are used including: multilocus phylogeography (chloroplast and high- and low-copy nuclear DNA), molecular dating and species distribution modelling (SDM). RESULTS The results support an 'evolutionarily distinct catchment' hypothesis where: (1) different catchments contain genetically distinct lineages, (2) limited genetic structuring was detected within basins whilst high structuring was detected between basins, and (3) within primary catchment populations display a high degree of genealogical lineage sorting. In addition, the results support a glacial refugia hypothesis as: (a) the timing of chloroplast lineage diversification is restricted to the Pleistocene in a landscape that has been relatively unchanged since the late Pliocene, and (b) the projected LGM distribution of suitable climate for N. capensis suggest fragmentation into refugia that correspond to the current phylogeographic populations. DISCUSSION This study highlights the interaction of topography and subtle Pleistocene climate variations as drivers limiting both seed and pollen flow along these lowlands. This lends support to the region's large-scale conservation planning efforts, which used catchments as foundational units for conservation as these are likely to be evolutionarily significant units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Potts
- Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Do dams also stop frogs? Assessing population connectivity of coastal tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) in the North Cascades National Park Service Complex. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Barros T, Cushman SA, Carvalho J, Fonseca C. Mediterranean scrubland and elevation drive gene flow of a Mediterranean carnivore, the Egyptian mongoose Herpestes ichneumon(Herpestidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Barros
- Departamento de Biologia & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM); Universidade de Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193; Aveiro Portugal
| | - Samuel A. Cushman
- US Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; 2500, S Pine Knoll Dr. Flagstaff AZ 86001 USA
| | - João Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM); Universidade de Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193; Aveiro Portugal
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS); Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM); Universidade de Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193; Aveiro Portugal
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Guo B, Lu D, Liao WB, Merilä J. Genomewide scan for adaptive differentiation along altitudinal gradient in the Andrew's toadBufo andrewsi. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3884-900. [PMID: 27289071 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Guo
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Di Lu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education); China West Normal University; Nanchong 637009 China
| | - Wen Bo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education); China West Normal University; Nanchong 637009 China
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit; Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
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Rainfall and topography predict gene flow among populations of the declining northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus). CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matsunami M, Igawa T, Michimae H, Miura T, Nishimura K. Population Structure and Evolution after Speciation of the Hokkaido Salamander (Hynobius retardatus). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156815. [PMID: 27257807 PMCID: PMC4892524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hokkaido salamander (Hynobius retardatus) is endemic to Hokkaido Island, Japan, and shows intriguing flexible phenotypic plasticity and regional morphological diversity. However, to date, allozymes and partial mitochondria DNA sequences have provided only an outline of its demographic histories and the pattern of its genetic diversification. To understand the finer details of the population structure of this species and its evolution since speciation, we genotyped five regional populations by using 12 recently developed microsatellite polymorphic markers. We found a clear population structure with low gene flow among the five populations, but a close genetic relationship between the Teshio and Kitami populations. Our demographic analysis suggested that Teshio and Erimo had the largest effective population sizes among the five populations. These findings regarding the population structure and demography of H. retardatus improve our understanding of the faunal phylogeography on Hokkaido Island and also provide fundamental genetic information that will be useful for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Matsunami
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060–0810, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takeshi Igawa
- Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739–8526, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Michimae
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Medicine (Biostatistics), Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108–8641, Japan
| | - Toru Miura
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060–0810, Japan
| | - Kinya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041–8611, Japan
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Jablonski D, Jandzik D, Mikulíček P, Džukić G, Ljubisavljević K, Tzankov N, Jelić D, Thanou E, Moravec J, Gvoždík V. Contrasting evolutionary histories of the legless lizards slow worms (Anguis) shaped by the topography of the Balkan Peninsula. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:99. [PMID: 27165497 PMCID: PMC4863322 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic architecture of a species is a result of historical changes in population size and extent of distribution related to climatic and environmental factors and contemporary processes of dispersal and gene flow. Population-size and range contractions, expansions and shifts have a substantial effect on genetic diversity and intraspecific divergence, which is further shaped by gene-flow limiting barriers. The Balkans, as one of the most important sources of European biodiversity, is a region where many temperate species persisted during the Pleistocene glaciations and where high topographic heterogeneity offers suitable conditions for local adaptations of populations. In this study, we investigated the phylogeographical patterns and demographic histories of four species of semifossorial slow-worm lizards (genus Anguis) present in the Balkan Peninsula, and tested the relationship between genetic diversity and topographic heterogeneity of the inhabited ranges. Results We inferred phylogenetic relationships, compared genetic structure and historical demography of slow worms using nucleotide sequence variation of mitochondrial DNA. Four Anguis species with mostly parapatric distributions occur in the Balkan Peninsula. They show different levels of genetic diversity. A signature of population growth was detected in all four species but with various courses in particular populations. We found a strong correlation between genetic diversity of slow-worm populations and topographic ruggedness of the ranges (mountain systems) they inhabit. Areas with more rugged terrain harbour higher genetic diversity. Conclusions Phylogeographical pattern of the genus Anguis in the Balkans is concordant with the refugia-within-refugia model previously proposed for both several other taxa in the region and other main European Peninsulas. While slow-worm populations from the southern refugia mostly have restricted distributions and have not dispersed much from their refugial areas, populations from the extra-Mediterranean refugia in northern parts of the Balkans have colonized vast areas of eastern, central, and western Europe. Besides climatic historical events, the heterogeneous topography of the Balkans has also played an important role in shaping genetic diversity of slow worms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0669-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - David Jandzik
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EBIO), University of Colorado, Ramaley N122, Campus, Box 334, 80309-0334, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Mikulíček
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Georg Džukić
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Ljubisavljević
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikolay Tzankov
- Department of Vertebrates, National Museum of Natural History, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dušan Jelić
- Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Croatian Herpetological Society Hyla, I, Breznička 5a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Evanthia Thanou
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Jiří Moravec
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, 193 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Gvoždík
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, 193 00, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
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Dyer RJ. Population Graphs and Landscape Genetics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney J. Dyer
- Department of Biology and Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012;
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35
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Pearson KJ, Goater CP. Distribution of long-toed salamanders and introduced trout in high- and low-elevation wetlands in southwestern Alberta, Canada. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/15-4-3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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McCartney-Melstad E, Shaffer HB. Amphibian molecular ecology and how it has informed conservation. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5084-109. [PMID: 26437125 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular ecology has become one of the key tools in the modern conservationist's kit. Here we review three areas where molecular ecology has been applied to amphibian conservation: genes on landscapes, within-population processes, and genes that matter. We summarize relevant analytical methods, recent important studies from the amphibian literature, and conservation implications for each section. Finally, we include five in-depth examples of how molecular ecology has been successfully applied to specific amphibian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan McCartney-Melstad
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, and Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Bradley Shaffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, and Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Funk WC, Murphy MA, Hoke KL, Muths E, Amburgey SM, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR. Elevational speciation in action? Restricted gene flow associated with adaptive divergence across an altitudinal gradient. J Evol Biol 2015; 29:241-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. C. Funk
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - M. A. Murphy
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA
- Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA
| | - K. L. Hoke
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - E. Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins CO USA
| | - S. M. Amburgey
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - E. M. Lemmon
- Department of Biology Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - A. R. Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
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Vernesi C, Hoban SM, Pecchioli E, Crestanello B, Bertorelle G, Rosà R, Hauffe HC. Ecology, environment and evolutionary history influence genetic structure in five mammal species from the Italian Alps. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Vernesi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) Italy
| | - Sean M. Hoban
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis; University of Tennessee; 1122 Volunteer Blvd. Suite 106 Knoxville TN 37996-3410 USA
| | - Elena Pecchioli
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) Italy
| | - Barbara Crestanello
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) Italy
| | - Giorgio Bertorelle
- Department of Biology and Evolution; University of Ferrara; 44100 Ferrara Italy
| | - Roberto Rosà
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) Italy
| | - Heidi C. Hauffe
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) Italy
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Watts AG, Schlichting PE, Billerman SM, Jesmer BR, Micheletti S, Fortin MJ, Funk WC, Hapeman P, Muths E, Murphy MA. How spatio-temporal habitat connectivity affects amphibian genetic structure. Front Genet 2015; 6:275. [PMID: 26442094 PMCID: PMC4561841 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous landscapes and fluctuating environmental conditions can affect species dispersal, population genetics, and genetic structure, yet understanding how biotic and abiotic factors affect population dynamics in a fluctuating environment is critical for species management. We evaluated how spatio-temporal habitat connectivity influences dispersal and genetic structure in a population of boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) using a landscape genetics approach. We developed gravity models to assess the contribution of various factors to the observed genetic distance as a measure of functional connectivity. We selected (a) wetland (within-site) and (b) landscape matrix (between-site) characteristics; and (c) wetland connectivity metrics using a unique methodology. Specifically, we developed three networks that quantify wetland connectivity based on: (i) P. maculata dispersal ability, (ii) temporal variation in wetland quality, and (iii) contribution of wetland stepping-stones to frog dispersal. We examined 18 wetlands in Colorado, and quantified 12 microsatellite loci from 322 individual frogs. We found that genetic connectivity was related to topographic complexity, within- and between-wetland differences in moisture, and wetland functional connectivity as contributed by stepping-stone wetlands. Our results highlight the role that dynamic environmental factors have on dispersal-limited species and illustrate how complex asynchronous interactions contribute to the structure of spatially-explicit metapopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Watts
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter E Schlichting
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shawn M Billerman
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming Laramie, WY, USA ; Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Brett R Jesmer
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming Laramie, WY, USA ; Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Steven Micheletti
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Chris Funk
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paul Hapeman
- Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University New Britain, CT, USA
| | - Erin Muths
- Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melanie A Murphy
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming Laramie, WY, USA ; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming Laramie, WY, USA
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Haran J, Roques A, Bernard A, Robinet C, Roux G. Altitudinal Barrier to the Spread of an Invasive Species: Could the Pyrenean Chain Slow the Natural Spread of the Pinewood Nematode? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134126. [PMID: 26222551 PMCID: PMC4519352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountain ranges may delimit the distribution of native species as well as constitute potential barriers to the spread of invasive species. The invasive pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a severe forest pest inducing pine wilt disease. It is vectored in Europe by a native long-horned beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis. This study explored the potential of the Pyrenean chain to slow or prevent the natural spread of nematode-infested beetles from the Iberian Peninsula, where the nematode is established and is expanding its range, towards France and the rest of Europe. An analysis of the genetic structure and migration patterns of the beetle populations throughout the Pyrenean mountain range was combined with a spread model simulating the potential movements of nematode-infested beetles across it. The central part of the Pyrenees, which corresponds to the highest elevation zone, was shown to prevent gene flow between the French and Spanish populations of M. galloprovincialis on each side of the mountains. Conversely, strong admixture was detected between populations located on both sides of low elevation hills, and especially at the east and west extremities of the mountain range. Simulations of the spread of nematode-infested beetles under various thresholds of beetle survival and pine wilt disease expression gave results consistent with the variation in genetic make-up, suggesting that western and eastern hillsides may represent corridors favoring natural spread of the nematode from the Iberian Peninsula to France. Simulations also showed that temperature rise due to climate change may significantly reduce the extent of the barrier formed by highest elevations. Our results support the hypothesis that the Pyrenean chain represents a partial barrier to the natural spread of nematode-infested beetles. These results, which have to be considered together with potential human-assisted long-distance spread of the nematode, highlight priority zones for future pest monitoring and management programs. More generally, such an integrated approach could be used to assess the role of mountain chains in the potential spread of other invasive pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Haran
- INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, F-45075 Orléans, France
- Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Alain Roques
- INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, F-45075 Orléans, France
| | - Alexis Bernard
- INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, F-45075 Orléans, France
| | | | - Géraldine Roux
- INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, F-45075 Orléans, France
- Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
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Addis BR, Lowe WH, Hossack BR, Allendorf FW. Population genetic structure and disease in montane boreal toads: more heterozygous individuals are more likely to be infected with amphibian chytrid. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Coster SS, Babbitt KJ, Cooper A, Kovach AI. Limited influence of local and landscape factors on finescale gene flow in two pond-breeding amphibians. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:742-58. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. Coster
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment; University of New Hampshire; 114 James Hall Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Kimberly J. Babbitt
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment; University of New Hampshire; 114 James Hall Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Andrew Cooper
- School of Resource and Environmental Management; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Adrienne I. Kovach
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment; University of New Hampshire; 114 James Hall Durham NH 03824 USA
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Lee-Yaw J, Sechley T, Irwin D. Conflicting effects of microhabitats on Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) movement: implications for landscape connectivity. CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding dispersal requires multiple lines of investigation, from the study of broad patterns of population connectivity to the identification of factors impacting movement at local scales. To determine the potential effects of different microhabitats on dispersal in the Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird, 1850), we experimentally evaluated mobility, moisture loss, and habitat choice in response to five common substrates (deciduous and coniferous leaf litter, grass, moss, and sand). Specifically, we examined differences in the efficiency with which salamanders moved across substrates when motivated to move. We then quantified moisture loss in each substrate and evaluated habitat preference. Our results point to a trade-off between substrates that are easily traversed and those that offer high protection against desiccation. Habitat choice appeared to balance these two aspects of performance, with salamanders favouring a substrate that offered both low resistance to movement and high protection against desiccation. This result was context-dependent, as preferences shifted towards wetter but less easily traversed substrates when supplemental cover objects were made available. Overall, our study highlights the potential for individuals to respond to a given substrate in ways that can both facilitate and limit dispersal and thus underscores the need to consider different aspects of individual performance and behaviour when studying population connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Lee-Yaw
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - T.H. Sechley
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D.E. Irwin
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Noutsos C, Borevitz JO, Hodges SA. Gene flow between nascent species: geographic, genotypic and phenotypic differentiation within and betweenAquilegia formosaandA. pubescens. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5589-98. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Noutsos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Chicago; 1101E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Lab; Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - J. O. Borevitz
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Chicago; 1101E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - S. A. Hodges
- Department of Ecology; Evolution & Marine Biology; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106-9620 USA
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Limited gene flow and high genetic diversity in the threatened Betic midwife toad (Alytes dickhilleni): evolutionary and conservation implications. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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46
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Zancolli G, Rödel MO, Steffan-Dewenter I, Storfer A. Comparative landscape genetics of two river frog species occurring at different elevations on Mount Kilimanjaro. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4989-5002. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Zancolli
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocentre; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- School of Biological Sciences; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde; Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science; Invalidenstr. 43 10115 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); Berlin Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocentre; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andrew Storfer
- School of Biological Sciences; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164 USA
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Zhang YH, Zhao YY, Li XY, Li XC. Evolutionary history and population genetic structure of the endemic tree frogHyla tsinlingensis(Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) inferred from mitochondrial gene analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 27:1348-57. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.947580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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48
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Quintela M, Johansson MP, Kristjánsson BK, Barreiro R, Laurila A. AFLPs and mitochondrial haplotypes reveal local adaptation to extreme thermal environments in a freshwater gastropod. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101821. [PMID: 25007329 PMCID: PMC4090234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The way environmental variation shapes neutral and adaptive genetic variation in natural populations is a key issue in evolutionary biology. Genome scans allow the identification of the genetic basis of local adaptation without previous knowledge of genetic variation or traits under selection. Candidate loci for divergent adaptation are expected to show higher FST than neutral loci influenced solely by random genetic drift, migration and mutation. The comparison of spatial patterns of neutral markers and loci under selection may help disentangle the effects of gene flow, genetic drift and selection among populations living in contrasting environments. Using the gastropod Radix balthica as a system, we analyzed 376 AFLP markers and 25 mtDNA COI haplotypes for candidate loci and associations with local adaptation among contrasting thermal environments in Lake Mývatn, a volcanic lake in northern Iceland. We found that 2% of the analysed AFLP markers were under directional selection and 12% of the mitochondrial haplotypes correlated with differing thermal habitats. The genetic networks were concordant for AFLP markers and mitochondrial haplotypes, depicting distinct topologies at neutral and candidate loci. Neutral topologies were characterized by intense gene flow revealed by dense nets with edges connecting contrasting thermal habitats, whereas the connections at candidate loci were mostly restricted to populations within each thermal habitat and the number of edges decreased with temperature. Our results suggest microgeographic adaptation within Lake Mývatn and highlight the utility of genome scans in detecting adaptive divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Quintela
- Dept of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Magnus P. Johansson
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bjarni K. Kristjánsson
- Hólar University College, Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Sauðarkrokur, Iceland
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- Dept of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Landscape influences on dispersal behaviour: a theoretical model and empirical test using the fire salamander, Salamandra infraimmaculata. Oecologia 2014; 175:509-20. [PMID: 24648023 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-2924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
When populations reside within a heterogeneous landscape, isolation by distance may not be a good predictor of genetic divergence if dispersal behaviour and therefore gene flow depend on landscape features. Commonly used approaches linking landscape features to gene flow include the least cost path (LCP), random walk (RW), and isolation by resistance (IBR) models. However, none of these models is likely to be the most appropriate for all species and in all environments. We compared the performance of LCP, RW and IBR models of dispersal with the aid of simulations conducted on artificially generated landscapes. We also applied each model to empirical data on the landscape genetics of the endangered fire salamander, Salamandra infraimmaculata, in northern Israel, where conservation planning requires an understanding of the dispersal corridors. Our simulations demonstrate that wide dispersal corridors of the low-cost environment facilitate dispersal in the IBR model, but inhibit dispersal in the RW model. In our empirical study, IBR explained the genetic divergence better than the LCP and RW models (partial Mantel correlation 0.413 for IBR, compared to 0.212 for LCP, and 0.340 for RW). Overall dispersal cost in salamanders was also well predicted by landscape feature slope steepness (76%), and elevation (24%). We conclude that fire salamander dispersal is well characterised by IBR predictions. Together with our simulation findings, these results indicate that wide dispersal corridors facilitate, rather than hinder, salamander dispersal. Comparison of genetic data to dispersal model outputs can be a useful technique in inferring dispersal behaviour from population genetic data.
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Guarnizo CE, Cannatella DC. Geographic determinants of gene flow in two sister species of tropical Andean frogs. J Hered 2013; 105:216-25. [PMID: 24336965 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between topographic heterogeneity, climatic and environmental gradients, and thermal niche conservatism are commonly assumed to indicate the degree of biotic diversification in montane regions. Our aim was to investigate factors that disrupt gene flow between populations and to determine if there is evidence of downslope asymmetric migration in highland frogs with wide elevational ranges and thermal niches. We determined the role of putative impediments to gene flow (as measured by least-cost path (LCP) distances, topographic complexity, and elevational range) in promoting genetic divergence between populations of 2 tropical Andean frog sister species (Dendropsophus luddeckei, N = 114; Dendropsophus labialis, N = 74) using causal modeling and multiple matrix regression. Although the effect of geographic features was species specific, elevational range and LCP distances had the strongest effect on gene flow, with mean effect sizes (Mantel r and regression coefficients β), between 5 and 10 times greater than topographic complexity. Even though causal modeling and multiple matrix regression produced congruent results, the latter provided more information on the contribution of each geographic variable. We found moderate support for downslope migration. We conclude that the climatic heterogeneity of the landscape, the elevational distance between populations, and the inability to colonize suboptimal habitats due to thermal niche conservatism influence the magnitude of gene flow. Asymmetric migration, however, seems to be influenced by life history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Guarnizo
- the Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, CO990, Austin, TX 78712
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