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Sampeck B, Sutherland C, Canfield MS, Herrin BH. Use of a modified SCORFAD scale to define localised reaction patterns associated with a flea burden in cats. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38887958 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis scale (SCORFAD) is a validated dermatological scale assessing reaction patterns associated with allergic dermatitis in cats. While no pathognomonic reaction pattern is recognised with flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), miliary dermatitis is more common. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE This study aimed to document regional cutaneous reaction patterns of cats with fleas using a modified SCORFAD (mSCORFAD). ANIMALS In total, 142 owned cats from West Central Florida enrolled over three study periods. To be included, each cat and household environment had five or more fleas on Day (D)0. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cats were examined on D0, D7, D14, D21, D28, D44, D56 and D80. On D0 they were treated with an isoxazoline and treatment continued through the study. Ten body regions were assessed using mSCORFAD to give a regional score for each of four reaction patterns. These were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS At D80 there was an 80% reduction in total mSCORFAD representing clinical response to ectoparasite control only. The most commonly affected region was the ventral abdomen with a mean mSCORFAD score of 1.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.5-2.1) compared with other body regions (p < 0.01). The most common reaction patterns were self-induced alopecia on the ventral abdomen and miliary dermatitis in the cervical region (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The mSCORFAD suggests that self-induced alopecia on the ventral abdomen and miliary dermatitis in the cervical region is more strongly associated with a flea burden in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron Sutherland
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Brian H Herrin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Lefrançois J, Otis C, Moreau M, Visser M, Bessey L, Gonzales A, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Troncy E, Sauvé F. Comparison of intradermal and serum testing for environmental allergen-specific immunoglobulin E determination in a laboratory colony of cats with naturally acquired atopic syndrome. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:305-316. [PMID: 38192079 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen testing is used to select antigens included in the desensitisation vaccine. Intradermal skin test (IDT) is the gold standard in cats, yet allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E serological testing (ASIS) is often used. Feline data are lacking regarding the agreement between IDT and ASIS results. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The first objective of the study was to establish a colony of cats with naturally acquired feline atopic syndrome (FAS). Further objectives were to define their hypersensitivity disorder to detail the allergen tests results, and to assess similarity between the allergen tests. ANIMALS Thirty-five cats with FAS and 10 control cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enrolled cats went through a five phase-screening and quarantine process before joining the colony. An elimination diet trial was performed on all FAS cats. ASIS and IDT were consecutively performed on all cats under sedation. RESULTS Reactions to 34 allergens were compiled for the 45 cats. Global sensitivity and specificity of ASIS were 34.7% and 78.9%, respectively. Only flea (ICC = 0.26, p = 0.040) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (ICC = 0.48, p < 0.001) allergens had a significant intraclass correlation (weak agreement). Two FAS cats had negative tests including one cat with a concomitant food allergy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study depicts the first reported colony of cats with naturally acquired FAS. This is the first feline study to compare and show the poor agreement between allergen tests with a panel of 34 allergens. This colony also harbours two cats with FAS with negative allergen tests. These may represent the first described cats with an intrinsic form of atopic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lefrançois
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colombe Otis
- Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxim Moreau
- Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marike Visser
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development (VMRD), Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren Bessey
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development (VMRD), Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrea Gonzales
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development (VMRD), Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, CHUM Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, CHUM Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Troncy
- Groupe de recherche en pharmacologie animale du Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Sauvé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Žagar Ž, Schmidt JM. A Scoping Review on Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cats: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3059. [PMID: 37835664 PMCID: PMC10572079 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become invaluable in the treatment of human and canine malignancies, but their role in feline oncology is less defined. While toceranib phosphate and masitinib mesylate are licensed for use in dogs, no TKI is yet approved for cats. This review systematically maps the research conducted on the expression of tyrosine kinases in neoplastic and non-neoplastic domestic feline tissues, as well as the in vitro/in vivo use of TKIs in domestic cats. We identify and discuss knowledge gaps and speculate on the further research and potential indications for TKI use in cats. A comprehensive search of three electronic databases and relevant paper reference lists identified 139 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The most commonly identified tumors were mast cell tumors (MCTs), mammary and squamous cell carcinomas and injection-site sarcomas. Based on the current literature, toceranib phosphate appears to be the most efficacious TKI in cats, especially against MCTs. Exploring the clinical use of TKIs in mammary carcinomas holds promise. Despite the progress, currently, the evidence falls short, underscoring the need for further research to discover new indications in feline oncology and to bridge the knowledge gaps between human and feline medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Žagar
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, 65719 Hofheim am Taunus, Germany
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Vargo C, Howerth EW, Banovic F. Transcriptome analysis of selected cytokine and chemokines in the eosinophilic plaques of cats with atopic skin syndrome. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:40-45. [PMID: 36193628 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evaluations of cytokine and chemokine gene expressions [messenger (m)RNA] in the skin of allergic cats were mostly unsuccessful in detecting the T-helper 2 (Th2) pathway, which is associated with the major effector cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in the mRNA expression in eosinophilic plaques of cats diagnosed with feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) compared to healthy controls. ANIMALS Four client-owned cats with FASS with eosinophilic plaques and five healthy control cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expressions (mRNA) of 14 cytokines and chemokines from eosinophilic plaque skin of cats with FASS and site-matched skin samples from healthy controls were analysed using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis. RESULTS Eosinophilic plaques were characterized by upregulation of Th2 cytokines IL-4 (p ≤ 0.01), IL-5 (p ≤ 0.01) and IL-13 (p ≤ 0.01) and Th2-attracting chemokine CCL17 (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, there was higher expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A 8 (p ≤ 0.01) as well as C-X-C Motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10; p ≤ 0.01), IL-10 (p ≤ 0.05) and the Th17 cytokine IL-17A (p ≤ 0.01) in lesional skin compared to healthy samples. There was no difference in gene expressions of IL-12A, IL-31, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or CCL5. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results demonstrate that eosinophilic plaques feature dominant Th2 and IL-17A inflammatory responses in the skin. Further larger-sample transcriptome studies are needed to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of different skin lesions in FASS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Vargo
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Carrasco I, Ferrer L, Puigdemont A. Efficacy of oclacitinib for the control of feline atopic skin syndrome: correlating plasma concentrations with clinical response. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:787-793. [PMID: 34612749 PMCID: PMC10812271 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211048458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a new therapeutic regimen of oclacitinib for the control of feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) and to correlate plasma levels of this drug with clinical effects. METHODS Twenty-eight client-owned cats with a clinical diagnosis of FASS were recruited. Oclacitinib was administered at 1 mg/kg q12h for 2 weeks and then at 1 mg/kg q24h for a further 2 weeks. At the study outset (D0), and 7 (D7) and 28 (D28) days after starting treatment, clinical lesions were assessed using a validated scoring system (SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis [SCORFAD]) and pruritus was graded via an adapted visual analogue scale (PVAS). At the same time points, plasma oclacitinib levels and haematological variables were measured. RESULTS Among 18 cats completing the study, PVAS and SCORFAD improved by ⩾50% in 61% and 88% of animals, respectively. Mean PVAS decreased significantly between D0 and D7 and between D0 and D28 (both P <0.001) but not between D7 and D28. Likewise, mean SCORFAD values decreased significantly between D0 and D7 and between D0 and D28 (both P <0.001) but not between D7 and D28. On D7 and D28, plasma oclacitinib concentrations varied widely from 0 to 1443.2 ng/ml and from from 0 to 1177.7 ng/ml, respectively. Oclacitinib concentrations showed no correlation with clinical effects (SCORFAD and PVAS). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Oclacitinib emerged as being safe and effective to control clinical signs of FASS. A mean dose of 1 mg/kg, even without extending twice-daily treatment beyond the first 2 weeks, could be a suitable therapeutic regimen. Plasma drug levels did not seem useful to predict clinical response during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Carrasco
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Ferrer
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puigdemont
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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McClintock D, Austel M, Gogal RM, Banovic F. Oral dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution significantly reduces pruritus and clinical lesions in feline hypersensitivity dermatitis: an open-label study. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:497-e137. [PMID: 34351657 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no liquid oral glucocorticoids labelled for management of pruritus and clinical lesions of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis (feline HD). HYPOTHESIS First, to demonstrate that dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DexSP, DexajectSP, Henry Schein; Dublin, OH, USA; 4 mg/mL), an intravenous glucocorticoid, can be absorbed by healthy cats when administered orally. Second, to demonstrate the efficacy of orally administered DexSP for reducing pruritus and clinical lesions in patients with feline HD. ANIMALS Seven healthy and 12 client-owned cats with HD. METHODS AND MATERIALS Healthy cats were administered a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg DexSP p.o. and serum concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Feline HD patients were assessed with SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) and pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) at Visit 1 (V1) and after 20-31 days of receiving 0.2 mg/kg/day DexSP p.o. (V2). Complete blood cell counts, serum chemistry profile, and urinalysis were performed in 50% of feline HD patients at both visits. RESULTS Healthy cats had detectable serum concentrations of DexSP following oral administration; concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 92.3 ng/mL. Feline HD patients showed significant decreases in SCORFAD and pVAS scores from V1 to V2. CONCLUSIONS DexSP was absorbed when administered orally to healthy cats and 0.2 mg/kg/day DexSP is an efficacious dose to rapidly improve the pruritus and clinical lesions associated with feline HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayle McClintock
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Michaela Austel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Robert M Gogal
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
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Brame BE, Canning P, Morris DO, Drobatz KJ, Rook K, Cain CL. Interobserver reliability of Feline Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (FEDESI) and Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) and the relationship between lesion scores and pruritus. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:492-e135. [PMID: 34338388 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (FEDESI) and Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) are scales used to assess lesion severity in cats with allergic dermatitis. Interobserver reliability has not been assessed for either. HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES To determine interobserver reliability for FEDESI and SCORFAD, and the relationship between lesion scores and pruritus. ANIMALS Thirty-eight cats presenting for pruritus. METHODS AND MATERIALS Each cat's lesions were scored by two observers at each visit using both FEDESI and SCORFAD (n = 117 paired observations). Spearman's rho was calculated to assess correlation between scales and between each scale and the owner-reported pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS). Concordance correlation coefficients were calculated between observers for each scale, and Bland-Altman plots were used to visually represent the relationship between paired scores. RESULTS FEDESI and SCORFAD were strongly positively correlated with one another (rho = 0.84, P < 0.001). Each scale showed fair correlation with pVAS (rho = 0.42, P < 0.001; rho = 0.38, P < 0.001, respectively). There was good concordance between observers for both scales, with a correlation coefficient of 0.77 for FEDESI and 0.80 for SCORFAD [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 95%, confidence interval (CI) 0.69-0.83; ICC 95%, CI 0.72-0.86, respectively]. Median lesion score was low (FEDESI 20; SCORFAD 4), which may improve interobserver reliability. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE There is good interobserver reliability for both FEDESI and SCORFAD. FEDESI and SCORFAD are positively correlated with one another and with pVAS. These findings support use of both scales in clinical research and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey E Brame
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peter Canning
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel O Morris
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth J Drobatz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn Rook
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christine L Cain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Vargo C, Gogal R, Barber J, Austel M, Banovic F. Characterisation of the serum cytokine profile in feline atopic skin syndrome. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:485-e133. [PMID: 34180094 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) is a pruritic and inflammatory skin disease commonly encountered in cats. Three previous reports evaluated cytokine immune activation in cats diagnosed with feline allergic dermatitis. However, no significant upregulations were observed in allergic cats compared to healthy controls. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in the serum cytokine profile of cats diagnosed with FASS compared to healthy cats, and correlate serum markers with the extent of FASS skin disease using clinical scoring systems. ANIMALS Thirteen client-owned FASS cats and 12 healthy control cats. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirteen cytokine and chemokines from the serum of FASS cats and healthy controls were analysed using a commercially available feline-specific multiplex assay. RESULTS Patients with FASS had a significant increase in serum concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-13 and IL-18. In addition, cytokine/chemokines involved in inflammation and chemotaxis [IL-8, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand (CCL)5, CCL2 and CXCL12], as well as growth factors, stem cell factor and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), also were significantly elevated. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.64) between the serum levels of Flt3L and Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) score was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the activation of a broad array of immune secretory cytokines in the serum of cats with FASS, which are largely associated with a mixed Th1 and Th2 inflammatory response along with specific growth factors. Further larger-sample studies are needed to assess the modulation of serum biomarkers in FASS by pharmacological/therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Vargo
- Departments of, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert Gogal
- Department of, Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - James Barber
- Department of, Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Michaela Austel
- Departments of, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Departments of, Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Noli C, Beltrando G. The usefulness of a hydrolysed fish and rice starch elimination diet for the diagnosis of adverse food reactions in cats: an open clinical trial. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:326-e90. [PMID: 34033172 PMCID: PMC8361712 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of adverse food reaction (AFR) is based on an eight week elimination diet (ED) and is confirmed by relapse upon re-challenge with the previously fed diet. Hydrolysed EDs are commonly used for this purpose. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the commercially available hydrolysed fish protein and rice starch ED Farmina UltraHypo (FUH) for the diagnosis of feline AFR. ANIMALS Thirty-two nonseasonally pruritic cats. METHODS AND MATERIALS Pruritus was assessed with a new dual Visual Analog Scale, lesions with the Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis scale and Quality of Life with a validated questionnaire on days 0 and 56. Short-acting corticosteroids or oclacitinib were permitted during the first six weeks. Cats showing 50% pruritus and/or lesional improvement were separately challenged with their prior diet, fish and rice. Cats not responding to the study diet were fed another hydrolysed diet for two months. RESULTS Twenty-five cats completed the ED: four dropped out due to vomiting and/or diarrhoea, one owing to low palatability and two were lost to follow-up. In 17 cats, pruritus improved by >50% and these underwent dietary challenges. Of these, nine reacted to their prior diet and/or fish and/or rice and were diagnosed with AFR, while eight did not relapse (and a diagnosis of AFR was considered to be doubtful). Of the eight cats in which pruritus did not improve, four underwent a second ED with no improvement. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE FUH may be a useful ED for the diagnosis of feline AFR, even in cats reacting to fish or rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, Strada Bedale della Ressia 2, Peveragno (CN), 12016, Italy
| | - Giorgia Beltrando
- Student Veterinary Faculty, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Italy
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Santoro D, Archer L, Fagman L. Intradermal immunotherapy with actinomycetales preparations as treatment for feline atopic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:638-e170. [PMID: 33890342 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline atopic syndrome (FAS) is a common disease. Single intradermal injections of heat-killed actinomycetales have shown beneficial effects in canine allergies. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical effects of heat-killed actinomycetales [Gordonia bronchialis (GB) and Rodococcus coprophilus (RC)], alone or in combination, in FAS. METHODS AND MATERIALS Privately owned cats with a diagnosis of FAS were assigned randomly in three treatment groups (GB, RC and GB/RC combination) or placebo. Five intradermal injections were performed over a one year period. At each visit [Day (D)0, D20, D40, D60, D90, D180 and D365], clinical signs, global owner assessment score, use of rescue medications, clinical adverse effects, skin hydration and cutaneous pH were assessed. RESULTS Seventeen cats were enrolled. When compared to the placebo group and improvement in treatment GB was sustained from D90. When compared with D0 significant improvement in the GB group was seen from D60. Over one year, a complete remission of the clinical signs was seen in 30-67% of cats in the treatment groups. A reduction in the pruritus score was seen for RC after 365 days of treatment (P = 0.04). Differences in the other variables were not seen. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The use of multiple intradermal injections of heat-killed GB shows promise as effective and well-tolerated treatment for FAS. Because of the low cost and the lack of adverse effects, GB could be a beneficial treatment option for FAS. A larger study is needed to confirm these data and to evaluate the immunological changes occurring in the treated cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Linda Archer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lana Fagman
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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Mueller RS, Nuttall T, Prost C, Schulz B, Bizikova P. Treatment of the feline atopic syndrome - a systematic review. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:43-e8. [PMID: 33470011 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline allergic skin disease and asthma occur regularly in small animal practice. OBJECTIVES To provide evidence-based recommendations for small animal practitioners on the treatment of feline atopic syndrome (FAS). METHODS AND MATERIALS The authors reviewed the literature available before February 2020, prepared a detailed evidence-based literature review and made recommendations based on the evaluated evidence. RESULTS Sixty-six papers and abstracts were identified describing treatment interventions for FAS and evaluated to establish treatment recommendations. For many treatment options, the papers were retrospective, open studies or case reports. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this review, there was good evidence for the efficacy of systemic glucocorticoids and ciclosporin, and limited evidence for the efficacy of topical glucocorticoids, oclacitinib and allergen-specific immunotherapy in feline atopic skin syndrome. Evidence pointed to low-to-moderate efficacy for antihistamines, fatty acids and palmitoyl ethanolamide. In feline asthma, there was good evidence for the efficacy of oral and inhaled glucocorticoids, and limited evidence of moderate efficacy for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Evidence supported low-to-moderate efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells, inhaled lidocaine and oclacitinib as treatments for feline asthma. For almost all therapeutic options (with the exception of glucocorticoids and ciclosporin), more randomised controlled trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf S Mueller
- Small Animal Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Bianka Schulz
- Small Animal Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Foj R, Carrasco I, Clemente F, Scarampella F, Calvet A, Prats A, Vivancos S, Brazís P, Puigdemont A. Clinical efficacy of sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy in 22 cats with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:67-e12. [PMID: 33399258 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been deployed in humans and dogs; to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no published studies about the use of SLIT in cats. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the clinical efficacy of SLIT in atopic cats sensitized to dust and storage mites, assessing immunological changes associated with SLIT treatment. ANIMALS Twenty-two client-owned cats with clinical signs compatible with feline atopic dermatitis (fAD) and serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E against house dust and storage mites. METHODS AND MATERIALS Prospective, multicentre, open-label clinical trial. Individualized mite-specific SLIT was administered orally for 12 months. All cats underwent clinical examination to record SCORing feline allergic dermatitis (SCORFAD), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) and serum allergen-specific IgE and IgG, every three months for 12 months. RESULTS Sixteen of 22 cats (73%) completed the study and three of six cats withdrawn from the study were included in an intention-to-treat analysis. SCORFAD and pVAS values decreased significantly from baseline (T0) to the third month of treatment (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0013, respectively), with median total values ranging from 19 (6-44) (T0) to 2.5 (0-17) (T12) (P = 0.0001), and from 8 (6-10) (T0) to 2.3 (0-8) (T12) (P = 0.0001), respectively. Allergen-specific IgE values decreased significantly from the ninth month (T9) of treatment (P = 0.0032), with median scores decreasing from 56 (12-729) (T0) to 34 (0-158) (T12) (P = 0.0208). No significant differences in allergen-specific IgG values were observed throughout the study. No adverse effects related to the use of SLIT were reported. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Sublingual immunotherapy should be considered a rapid, effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment in cats with feline atopic dermatitis fAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Foj
- Laboratorios LETI S.L.U., Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 184, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | - Isaac Carrasco
- Departament de Farmacologia,Terapèutica i Toxicologia. Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08913, Spain
| | - Federica Clemente
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato San Luca, Piazza della Pace, 4, Bologna, 40134, Italy
| | - Fabia Scarampella
- Studio Dermatologico Veterinario, Via Giancarlo Sismondi, 62, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Anna Calvet
- Clínica Felina Barcelona, Carrer Marquès del Campo Sagrado, 12, Barcelona, 08015, Spain
| | - Ana Prats
- Clínica Felina Barcelona, Carrer Marquès del Campo Sagrado, 12, Barcelona, 08015, Spain
| | - Susana Vivancos
- Laboratorios LETI S.L.U., Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 184, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | - Pilar Brazís
- Laboratorios LETI S.L.U., Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 184, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | - Anna Puigdemont
- Departament de Farmacologia,Terapèutica i Toxicologia. Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08913, Spain
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Evaluation of a topical sarolaner-selamectin combination to control flea populations on naturally infested cats in private residences in West Central Florida. Vet Parasitol 2020; 283:109172. [PMID: 32593057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Historic data show that home flea infestations can be managed by treating all animals on the premises with a highly effective flea control product. The use of effective products has also been shown to reduce pruritus and minimize dermatologic lesions in both cats and dogs. Therefore, an in-home study was conducted in West Central Florida USA to evaluate the efficacy of a topically applied selamectin-sarolaner formulation to control fleas in naturally infested cats over a 12-week period. Thirty-seven cats in 21 households were treated once monthly with the selamectin-sarolaner topical solution. In the topical fluralaner treatment (positive control) group, forty-three cats in 20 households were treated once on day 0. A combined total of thirty dogs in both groups were treated once monthly with oral sarolaner. Fleas on cats were counted by flea combing, fleas on dogs were counted using visual area counts and fleas in the indoor premises were assessed using intermittent-light flea traps. Blinded-assessments of feline dermatologic lesions (modified-SCORFAD) were conducted monthly by a boarded-dermatologist and pruritus severity was evaluated by pet owners. Three consecutive monthly treatments of selamectin-sarolaner reduced flea populations on cats by 96.3 % within 7 days and by 100% from week 6 to the end of the 12-week study. The topical application of fluralaner reduced flea populations by 98.1 % within 7 days and efficacy reached 100% by week 12. At the end of the study, fleas were completely eradicated (from cats, dogs and homes) in every home regardless of treatment group. Owner reported cat pruritus was reduced by > 87 % in both treatment groups by week 12. Significant improvements in dermatologic lesion scores (> 81 %) were achieved by both products by the end of the study. Monthly applications of topical selamectin-sarolaner or topical fluralaner to cats living in the heavy flea challenge environment of West Central Florida USA were effective in eradicating flea infestations, reducing pruritus and improving dermatologic lesions.
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Briand A, Cochet-Faivre N, Prélaud P, Armstrong R, Hubinois C. Open field study on the efficacy of fluralaner topical solution for long-term control of flea bite allergy dermatitis in client owned cats in Ile-de-France region. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:337. [PMID: 31604435 PMCID: PMC6788036 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flea bite is considered to be the main cause of allergic dermatitis in cats. There is a need for treatments able to control clinical signs of allergic dermatitis associated with flea bite in cats. This was an open pre-treatment versus post-treatment clinical field study. All cats included in the study presented pruritus, skin lesions or other evidence compatible with flea infestation. Skin lesions were assessed (using SCORFAD) at days 0, 28, 56 and 84 whereas pruritus severity was assessed (using PVAS) at days 0, 15, 28, 56 and 84. On day 0, The fluralaner (280 mg/ml) product (Bravecto® spot-on for cats) was supplied in pipettes containing 0.4, 0.89 and 1.79 ml for cats of 1.2–2.8 kg, > 2.8–6.25 kg and > 6.25–12.5 kg body weight, respectively. The other animals living in the same household also received fluralaner. Based on cytological examination at day 0, oral amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was prescribed for 21 days if indicated. For cats presenting intense pruritus and discomfort at day 0, oral prednisolone at 0.5 mg/kg was prescribed for 3 days. Results During the study all cats, except for one (cat number 10), improved significantly. Post-treatment median SCORFAD scores at all evaluations were significantly different from the pre-treatment score on day 0 (P values < 0.002 for all three post treatment examination days) with a score reduction of 49% on day 28, 79% on day 56 and 87% on day 84. The PVAS score decreased significantly over the study period for all cats but one (cat number 10). Post-treatment median PVAS scores at all evaluations were significantly different from the pre-treatment PVAS score on day 0 (P value < 0.002 for all four post-treatment days) with a reduction of 46% on day 15, 67% on day 28, 82% on day 56 and 92% on day 84. No adverse reaction or other health issue was reported during the study. Conclusions A single topical treatment with fluralaner results in a significant reduction of flea bite allergic dermatitis clinical signs in cats over the subsequent 12 weeks without any additional environmental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Briand
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology, Dermatology, EA 7380 UPEC Dynamyc, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France. .,ADVETIA Veterinary Hospital center, 9 Avenue Louis Breguet, 78140, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France.
| | - Noelle Cochet-Faivre
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology, Dermatology, EA 7380 UPEC Dynamyc, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascal Prélaud
- ADVETIA Veterinary Hospital center, 9 Avenue Louis Breguet, 78140, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Rob Armstrong
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ, USA
| | - Céline Hubinois
- MSD Santé Animale, 7 Rue Olivier de Serres - Angers Technopole CS17144 -49 071, Beaucouze, France
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Maina E, Fontaine J. Use of maropitant for the control of pruritus in non-flea, non-food-induced feline hypersensitivity dermatitis: an open-label, uncontrolled pilot study. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:967-972. [PMID: 30427273 PMCID: PMC11132245 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18811372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-flea, non-food-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis (NFNFIHD) is a common inflammatory and pruritic skin disease in cats. When avoidance and conventional systemic immunosuppressive treatments fail to control the clinical signs, there are limited treatment options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of maropitant in feline NFNFIHD. METHODS In an open-label, uncontrolled study, cats with proven non-seasonal NFNFIHD were treated with maropitant 2 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 weeks. Clinical lesions were evaluated with the Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) system and pruritus was evaluated with a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) before and at the end of the study. Owners assessed global efficacy and tolerability with a 4-point scale at the end of the study. Adverse events and body weight changes were recorded. RESULTS Twelve cats were treated with a mean initial maropitant dose of 2.22 mg/kg PO q24h. The treatment decreased both SCORFAD and pruritus VAS (pVAS) scores in all cats except one, in which only pruritus was reduced. The efficacy and the tolerability of the treatment were judged as excellent or good by 83.3% of owners. Treatment did not cause any side effects other than, in a few cases, short-time, self-limiting sialorrhoea. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Maropitant seems to be an effective, well-tolerated therapeutic option to control pruritus in cats. Caution is needed in interpreting the results as the pVAS score system has not yet been validated in cats and the trial was uncontrolled. A further, controlled study is required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maina
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
- Medi-vet SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Fontaine
- University of Liège Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Internal Medicine Service – Dermatology, Liège, Belgium
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Noli C, Della Valle MF, Miolo A, Medori C, Schievano C. Effect of dietary supplementation with ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide in maintaining remission in cats with nonflea hypersensitivity dermatitis: a double-blind, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:387-e117. [PMID: 31237065 PMCID: PMC6852539 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Feline nonflea hypersensitivity dermatitis (NFHD) is a frequent cause of over‐grooming, scratching and skin lesions. Multimodal therapy often is necessary. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate the efficacy of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA‐um) in maintaining methylprednisolone‐induced remission in NFHD cats. Animals Fifty‐seven NFHD cats with nonseasonal pruritus were enrolled originally, of which 25 completed all study requirements to be eligible for analysis. Methods and materials Cats were randomly assigned to PEA‐um (15 mg/kg per os, once daily; n = 29) or placebo (n = 28) while receiving a 28 day tapering methylprednisolone course. Cats responding favourably to methylprednisolone were then administered only PEA‐um (n = 21) or placebo (n = 23) for another eight weeks, followed by a four week long treatment‐free period. Cats were maintained in the study until relapse or study end, whichever came first. Primary outcome was time to relapse. Secondary outcomes were pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS), SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis scale (SCORFAD) and owner Global Assessment Score (GAS). Results Mean relapse time was 40.5 days (±7.8 SE) in PEA‐um treated cats (n = 13) and 22.2 days (±3.7 SE) for placebo (n = 12; P = 0.04). On Day 28, the severity of pruritus was lower in the PEA‐um treated cats compared to placebo (P = 0.03). Mean worsening of pruritus at the final study day was lower in the PEA‐um group compared to placebo (P = 0.04), whereas SCORFAD was not different between groups. Mean owner GAS at the final study day was better in the PEA‐um than the placebo‐treated group (P = 0.05). Conclusion and clinical importance Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide could represent an effective and safe option to delay relapse in NFHD cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, Strada Bedale della Ressia 2, 12016, Peveragno, CN, Italy
| | | | - Alda Miolo
- Science Information and Documentation Centre, Innovet Italia Srl, Via Egadi 7, 20144, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Medori
- Science Information and Documentation Centre, Innovet Italia Srl, Via Egadi 7, 20144, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Schievano
- Innovative Statistical Research SRL, Prato della Valle 24, 35123, Padova, Italy
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Huhmann R, Mueller RS. A cream containing omega‐3‐fatty acids, humectants and emollients as an aid in the treatment of equineCulicoideshypersensitivity. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:155-e46. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Huhmann
- Tierarztpraxis am Schlagbaum Am Schlagbaum 2a 59192 Bergkamen Germany
| | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine LMU Munich Veterinaerstraße 13 80539 Muenchen Germany
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18
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Noli C, Matricoti I, Schievano C. A double‐blinded, randomized, methylprednisolone‐controlled study on the efficacy of oclacitinib in the management of pruritus in cats with nonflea nonfood‐induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:110-e30. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari Strada Bedale della Ressia 2 12016 Peveragno CN Italy
| | - Irina Matricoti
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari Via Santo Stefano 168 40125 Bologna Italy
| | - Carlo Schievano
- Dipartimento Biomedicina Comparata ed Alimentazione Università di Padova Viale dell'Università, 16 35020 Legnaro PD Italy
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Dryden MW, Canfield MS, Bocon C, Phan L, Niedfeldt E, Kinnon A, Warcholek SA, Smith V, Bress TS, Smith N, Heaney K, Royal C, Normile D, Armstrong R, Sun F. In-home assessment of either topical fluralaner or topical selamectin for flea control in naturally infested cats in West Central Florida, USA. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:422. [PMID: 30012222 PMCID: PMC6048752 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An investigation was conducted in West Central Florida, USA to evaluate the efficacy of either topically applied fluralaner or topically applied selamectin to control flea infestations, minimize dermatologic lesions and reduce pruritus in naturally flea infested cats over a 12-week period. When dogs were present in the households, they were treated with either oral fluralaner (if household cats were treated with topical fluralaner) or oral sarolaner (if household cats were treated with topical selamectin). Methods Thirty-one cats in 20 homes were treated once with fluralaner topical solution on day 0 and 18 dogs in these homes were administered a single fluralaner chewable. Twenty-nine cats in 18 homes were treated once monthly with a selamectin topical solution for 3 treatments and 13 dogs in these same homes were treated once monthly for 3 treatments with a sarolaner chewable. Fleas on cats were counted by flea combing, fleas on dogs were estimated using visual area counts and fleas in the indoor premises were assessed using intermittent-light flea traps. Blinded-assessments of feline dermatologic lesions were conducted monthly and pruritus severity was evaluated by pet owners. Results A single topical application of fluralaner reduced flea populations on cats by 96.6% within 7 days and by 100% at 12 weeks post-treatment. This efficacy was significantly greater than selamectin treatment where single topical application reduced flea populations on cats by 79.4% within 7 days of initial treatment and 3 consecutive monthly treatments reduced flea populations by 91.3% at the end of 12 weeks. At the end of the 12-week study, all fluralaner-treated cats were flea-free and this was significantly greater than the 38.5% of selamectin treated cats that were flea-free. At the end of the study, fleas were completely eradicated (from cats, dogs and homes) in 95.0% of fluralaner treatment group homes, significantly greater than the 31.3% of selamectin/sarolaner treatment group homes with complete flea eradication. Owner reported cat pruritus was reduced similarly in both treatment groups. Significant improvements in dermatologic lesion scores were achieved by day 30 in fluralaner treated cats and by day 60 in selamectin treated cats. Conclusions An in-home investigation in subtropical Florida found that 1 application of topical fluralaner eliminated flea infestations on cats and in homes significantly more effectively than 3 consecutive monthly doses of selamectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Dryden
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Michael S Canfield
- Animal Dermatology South, 7741 Congress St New Port Richey, Port Richey, FL, 34653, USA
| | - Cara Bocon
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Letitia Phan
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Emily Niedfeldt
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Amanda Kinnon
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Stanislaw A Warcholek
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Vicki Smith
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Todd S Bress
- Animal Dermatology South, 7741 Congress St New Port Richey, Port Richey, FL, 34653, USA
| | - Nicole Smith
- Animal Dermatology South, 7741 Congress St New Port Richey, Port Richey, FL, 34653, USA
| | - Kathleen Heaney
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
| | - Christine Royal
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
| | - Dorothy Normile
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
| | | | - Fangshi Sun
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
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Colombo S, Sartori R. Ciclosporin and the cat: Current understanding and review of clinical use. J Feline Med Surg 2018; 20:244-255. [PMID: 29478396 PMCID: PMC10816290 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17748718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Practical relevance: Ciclosporin (CsA) is a systemic immuno-modulatory drug widely used to treat immune-mediated diseases in humans and veterinary species. CsA was registered for use in cats in the USA and Europe in 2011, and is indicated for the treatment of chronic allergic dermatitis at a recommended daily dose of 7 mg/kg PO. AUDIENCE This review will be of interest to all veterinarians working with cats, given the wide range of potential applications of CsA and its safety profile. Although the drug is currently only licensed to treat chronic allergic dermatitis in cats, a small number of reports describe its use in non-dermatological conditions. Evidence base: This article reviews the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse effects and clinical use of CsA, both for the licensed indication and for off-label use in the feline patient. Information presented has been summarised from the existing literature on CsA, with specific interest in studies carried out in cats. For its licensed indication, chronic allergic dermatitis, evidence provided includes randomised, placebo or prednisolone-controlled studies (EBM grade I) and prospective or retrospective open trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Colombo
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, via Felice Musazzi 24, Legnano (MI), 1–20025, Italy
| | - Roberta Sartori
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, via Felice Musazzi 24, Legnano (MI), 1–20025, Italy
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21
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Koch SN, Torres SMF, Diaz S, Gilbert S, Rendahl A. Subcutaneous administration of ciclosporin in 11 allergic cats - a pilot open-label uncontrolled clinical trial. Vet Dermatol 2017; 29:107-e43. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N. Koch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Minnesota; 1365 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul MN 55018 USA
| | - Sheila M. F. Torres
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Minnesota; 1365 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul MN 55018 USA
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Ohio State University; 601 Vernon Tharp Street Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Sophie Gilbert
- Centre Vétérinaire Laval; 4530 Highway 440 Laval Quebec Canada H7T 2P7
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; University of Minnesota; 1365 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul MN 55018 USA
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Szczepanik MP, Wilkołek PM, Adamek ŁR, Zając M, Gołyński M, Sitkowski W, Taszkun I. Evaluation of the correlation between Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis and Feline Extent and Severity Index and skin hydration in atopic cats. Vet Dermatol 2017; 29:34-e16. [PMID: 28901591 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of the severity of clinical signs of cats with allergic skin diseases has used two scoring systems: Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) and the Feline Extent and Severity Index (FeDESI). The integrity of the cutaneous barrier can also be evaluated by measuring skin hydration. A correlation between the clinical score and skin hydration has been observed in humans and dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). HYPOTHESIS To demonstrate a correlation between the clinical score and skin hydration of cats affected with presumed AD. ANIMALS European short hair cats (n = 18): 11 females and seven males with a confirmed diagnosis of AD. METHODS SCORFAD and FeDESI scores were calculated and the measurements of skin hydration were assessed from seven body sites using corneometry. The correlation between the SCORFAD and FeDESI systems and skin hydration of each site, and the average skin hydration was calculated. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between the SCORFAD score and skin hydration for the axilla, thorax and forelimb; for FeDESI and axilla and lumbar sites. There was a negative correlation between the FeDESI and skin hydration for the pinna (r = -0.47). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Measurements of skin hydration could be a useful tool for the evaluation of allergic cats. There is limited evidence of any useful correlation between clinical scoring systems and measurements of hydration. The pinna may be a suitable region for the assessment of skin barrier function in normal and allergic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin P Szczepanik
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr M Wilkołek
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz R Adamek
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Zając
- Private veterinary practice Bafir, ul. Szpitalna 9a, 41-250, Czeladź, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołyński
- Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Sitkowski
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Taszkun
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
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23
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Crosaz O, Bonati S, Briand A, Chapelle E, Cochet-Faivre N, Ka D, Darmon-Hadjaje C, Varloud M, Guillot J. Usefulness of a topical combination of dinotefuran and pyriproxyfen for long-term control of clinical signs of allergic dermatitis in privately-owned cats in Ile-de-France region. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:392. [PMID: 28830567 PMCID: PMC5567644 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study assessed the activity of a combination of dinotefuran and pyriproxyfen (Vectra® Felis) for long-term control (3 months) of allergic dermatitis (AD) in privately-owned cats under common household conditions in Ile-de-France region. METHODS This was an open pre-treatment vs post-treatment study. Twenty-eight client-owned cats with clinical signs of AD were enrolled in the study. They received topical application of the combination of dinotefuran and pyriproxyfen on days 0, 28, 56 and 84. Two parameters (clinical signs and pruritus severity) were used to assess the animals' condition on days 0, 28 and 84. Fleas were counted if they were observed. RESULTS Of the 28 cats initially enrolled, 26 were presented on day 28 and 20 for the final evaluation on day 84. A significant improvement in clinical signs and pruritus was observed in cats for which fleas and/or flea feces were detected on day 0. Globally, the post-treatment AD clinical scores on days 28 and 84 were different from that of the pre-treatment on day 0, with a reduction of 30% and 71%, respectively. For cats with fleas and/or flea feces, the reduction on days 28 and 84 was 33% and 85%, respectively. The improvement of clinical signs and pruritus was not significant in cats with no visible fleas and no flea feces at the beginning of the trial (n = 8). CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that the treatment with a combination of dinotefuran and pyriproxyfen should be considered as useful in controlling fleas on cats without additional environmental treatment and useful for long-term control of clinical signs and pruritus in allergic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Crosaz
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, CHUVA, École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, UPE, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Silvia Bonati
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 avenue de la Ballastière, 33500, Libourne, France
| | - Amaury Briand
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, CHUVA, École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, UPE, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Elodie Chapelle
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, CHUVA, École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, UPE, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Noëlle Cochet-Faivre
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, CHUVA, École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, UPE, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Diane Ka
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, CHUVA, École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, UPE, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Céline Darmon-Hadjaje
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, CHUVA, École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, UPE, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie Varloud
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 avenue de la Ballastière, 33500, Libourne, France
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, CHUVA, École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, UPE, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Cadiergues MC, Navarro C, Castilla-Castaño E, Lecru LA, Pressanti C. Treatment of Neotrombicula species infestation in cats using a 10% (w/v) fipronil topical spot-on formulation: a pilot study. J Feline Med Surg 2017. [PMID: 28627284 PMCID: PMC5971366 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17715153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Few data are available concerning therapeutic aspects of feline trombiculiasis. This study evaluated the efficacy of a 10% w/v fipronil-based spot-on solution in 15 cats with natural Neotrombicula species infestation. Methods Ten cats received 1 drop per affected site on day (D)0 and D14, with the rest of the 0.5 ml pipette applied on the skin between the shoulders. Five cats served as non-treated controls. Parasite score (0 = absent; 3 = severe, >10 parasites/zone) was assessed on D0, D14 and D28 on all animals. Skin lesions (SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis lesion severity scale [SCORFAD]) and investigator pruritus scale (IPS; 0 = cat comfortable, grooming like any normal cat; 4 = cat uncomfortable, pruritic all the time) were assessed on treated cats on the same days. Global assessment of efficacy, tolerance and ease of use (GAS; 1 = very poor; 5 = excellent) was assessed on D28. Results All the cats completed the study. Parasite scores of the control cats were maintained throughout the trial (mean ± SD: D0 4 ± 0.7, D14 3.2 ± 1.1 and D28 3.2 ± 0.4). In treated cats, SCORFAD (D0 3.2 ± 5.4, D14 1.1 ± 2.1 [P <0.002] and D28 0.5 ± 1.3 [P <0.002]), parasite (D0 3.9 ± 1.3, D14 1.2 ± 0.8 [P <0.005] and D28 0.4 ± 0.5 [P <0.005]) and IPS (D0 1 ± 1.2, D14 0.5 ± 1.1 [P <0.05] and D28 0.3 ± 0.7 [P <0.05]) scores significantly decreased throughout the trial. On D28, the GAS was 4.2 ± 0.9. There were no adverse effects from treatment. Conclusions and relevance The 10% w/v fipronil preparation appeared to be effective, safe and practical in the treatment of localised Neotrombicula species infestation in these cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eloy Castilla-Castaño
- 3 Dermatology Service, Small Animal Hospital, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Line A Lecru
- 3 Dermatology Service, Small Animal Hospital, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Charline Pressanti
- 3 Dermatology Service, Small Animal Hospital, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Clinical efficacy of nutraceutical diet for cats with clinical signs of cutaneus adverse food reaction (CAFR). Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 20:269-276. [DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Food allergies and food intolerances are clinically difficult to discriminate. Most often, along with cutaneous adverse food reactions or CAFR, they are classified as adverse food reactions, whose causes are numerous, including toxic compounds.
Eighteen indoor-housed domestic cats with evident clinical symptoms related to CAFR (drooling, back and neck intense itching, neck eczema, chronic conjunctivitis and stomatitis) involving skin lesions were studied. Cytological evaluations of ear, skin and gingival swabs revealed an increased turnover of keratinocytes while the oxytetracycline ELISA determination showed an unexpected high amount of oxytetracycline in all cats at the first visit. All cats were then randomly assigned to receive a standard (SD group) or a nutraceutical diet (ND group) for 60 days.
In the ND group a significant reduction of the mean serum concentration of oxytetracycline, pruritus intensity and skin lesion severity (**p<0.01, ***p<0.001, and ***p<0.001, respectively) was observed after 60 days, and associated with a significant improvement in the clinical picture.
Although a direct correlation between oxytetracycline presence within cat sera and CAFR-related symptoms has never been described, this study highlights the benefit of a specific nutraceutical diet supplementation in improving clinical symptoms and skin lesions in cats with CARF.
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Herrmann I, Panakova L, Janda J. Allergic and Atopic Eczema in Humans and Their Animals. Comp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47007-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Roberts ES, Speranza C, Friberg C, Griffin C, Steffan J, Roycroft L, King S. Confirmatory field study for the evaluation of ciclosporin at a target dose of 7.0 mg/kg (3.2 mg/lb) in the control of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18:889-897. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x16636660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study was designed to confirm the efficacy and tolerability of a daily dose of 7.0 mg/kg (3.2 mg/lb) ciclosporin (CsA) in the treatment of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis (HD), as this includes some of the most frequently suspected skin diseases in cats and recent publications have reported the successful use of CsA in the treatment of feline HD. Methods In total, 217 cats with feline HD were treated daily for 42 days with a target dose of 7 mg/kg CsA (n = 144) or a placebo control (n = 73) administered either in the food or directly in the mouth following feeding. Clinical and dermatological evaluations were conducted on days 0, 21 and 42, or study exit. Safety was evaluated through physical examinations, clinical pathology and the monitoring of adverse events (AEs). Results Administration of CsA at 7.0 mg/kg produced a significant improvement in the total lesion score ( P <0.0001). The average reduction from visit 1 to visit 3 was 65.1% in the CsA group (9.2% for the placebo). In addition, owners assessed 78.3% of the cases in the CsA group as a success. Statistically significant recoveries were also seen in extent of lesions, investigator assessment of overall improvement, and mean improvement in both the investigators’ and owners’ assessment of pruritus. Mild gastrointestinal disorders were the most common AEs but did not require cessation of therapy. Conclusions and relevance Results confirm that 7.0 mg/kg CsA dosed daily in food or orally for up to 6 weeks is effective and well tolerated by cats with feline HD.
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Roberts ES, Tapp T, Trimmer A, Roycroft L, King S. Clinical efficacy and safety following dose tapering of ciclosporin in cats with hypersensitivity dermatitis. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18:898-905. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15602523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of reducing ciclosporin (CsA) dosing frequency from daily to every other day (EOD) or twice a week (TW) according to clinical response in cats with hypersensitivity dermatitis (HD) and treated with CsA. Methods One hundred and ninety-one cats with HD were given 7 mg/kg CsA daily for at least 4 weeks. Depending on clinical response, the dosing frequency was tapered from daily to EOD over the next 4 weeks and further to TW for an additional 4 weeks. Safety was evaluated through physical examinations, clinical pathology and the monitoring of adverse events (AEs). Results The majority of cats were able to have their dose of CsA tapered to either EOD (15.5%) or TW (62.9%) according to the clinical response. Observed AEs were most frequently mild and self-limiting vomiting and diarrhea. A higher percentage of AEs occurred with daily administration (73%) compared with other dosing regimens (27%). Conclusions and relevance Following 4 weeks of daily dosing at 7 mg/kg, CsA may be tapered to EOD or TW while maintaining the desired therapeutic response in cats with HD. Additionally, CsA appears to be well tolerated with fewer AEs at EOD or TW dosing. Establishing the lowest effective dosing frequency of CsA improves the drug’s safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany Tapp
- Veterinary Healing Arts, East Greenwich, RI, USA
| | - Ann Trimmer
- Animal Allergy and Dermatology Specialists, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Noli C, Borio S, Varina A, Schievano C. Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the Quality of Life of cats with skin disease and their owners, and its use in 185 cats with skin disease. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:247-e58. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari; Strada Bedale della Ressia 2 Peveragno (CN) I-12016 Italy
| | - Stefano Borio
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari; via Italia 12 San Mauro Torinese (TO) I-10099 Italy
| | - Antonella Varina
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Varina - Ghidella; Via Fréjus 54 Torino (TO) I-10139 Italy
| | - Carlo Schievano
- Department of Compared Biomedicine and Food Science; University of Padova; Viale dell'Università 16 Legnaro (PD) I-35020 Italy
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Noli C, Cena T. Comparison of FEDESI and SCORFAD scoring systems for the evaluation of skin lesions in allergic cats. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:481-3, e112-3. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Noli
- Studio Dermatologico Veterinario; Strada Bedale della Ressia 2 12016 Peveragno Italy
| | - Tiziana Cena
- Department of Translational Medicine; Unit of Medical Statistics and Cancer Epidemiology; University “Amedeo Avogadro” of Piemonte Orientale; Via Solaroli 17 28100 Novara Italy
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Ortalda C, Noli C, Colombo S, Borio S. Oclacitinib in feline nonflea-, nonfood-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis: results of a small prospective pilot study of client-owned cats. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:235-e52. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ortalda
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari; Strada Revigliasco 11 Moncalieri 10024 Italy
| | - Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari; Strada Bedale della Ressia 2 Peveragno 12016 Italy
| | - Silvia Colombo
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari; via Felice Musazzi 24 Legnano 20025 Italy
| | - Stefano Borio
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari; via Italia 12 San Mauro Torinese 10099 Italy
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Einhorn L, Herrmann I, Thalhammer JG, Panakova L. Pollen Allergies in Humans and their Dogs, Cats and Horses: Differences and Similarities. Clin Transl Allergy 2015; 5:15. [PMID: 25852853 PMCID: PMC4387677 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-015-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both humans and their most important domestic animals harbor IgE and a similar IgE receptor repertoire and expression pattern. The same cell types are also involved in the triggering or regulation of allergies, such as mast cells, eosinophils or T-regulatory cells. Translational clinical studies in domestic animals could therefore help cure animal allergies and at the same time gather knowledge relevant to human patients. Dogs, cats and horses may spontaneously and to different extents develop immediate type symptoms to pollen allergens. The skin, nasal and bronchial reactions, as well as chronic skin lesions due to pollen are in principle comparable to human patients. Pollen of various species most often causes allergic rhinitis in human patients, whereas in dogs it elicits predominantly eczematous lesions (canine atopic dermatitis), in horses recurrent airway obstruction or hives as well as pruritic dermatitis, and in cats bronchial asthma and so-called cutaneous reactive patterns (eosinophilic granuloma complex, head and neck pruritus, symmetric self-induced alopecia). In human allergy-specific IgE detection, skin tests or other allergen provocation tests should be completed. In contrast, in animals IgE and dermal tests are regarded as equally important and may even replace each other. However, for practical and economic reasons intradermal tests are most commonly performed in a specialized practice. As in humans, in dogs, cats and horses allergen immunotherapy leads to significant improvement of the clinical symptoms. The collected evidence suggests that canines, felines and equines, with their spontaneous allergies, are attractive model patients for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, c/o Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger G. 18-20, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Lukas Einhorn
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, c/o Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger G. 18-20, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Ina Herrmann
- Dermatology Unit, Clinics of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann G Thalhammer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinics of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Panakova
- Dermatology Unit, Clinics of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Moriello KA. The secret sits. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:332-3. [PMID: 25124178 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Moriello
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Nuttall T, Bensignor E. A pilot study to develop an objective clinical score for canine otitis externa. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:530-7, e91-2. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Nuttall
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
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Cadiergues MC, Pressanti C. Efficacy of spinosad tablets administered to a colony of 15 indoor cats naturally infested with fleas. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2014; 2014:484308. [PMID: 24977046 PMCID: PMC4060565 DOI: 10.1155/2014/484308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were (i) to describe adult fleas distribution in a strictly indoor cat colony composed of cats with flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) and non-FAD cats and (ii) to evaluate the efficacy of spinosad used alone. Skin lesions were scored according to the SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis lesion severity scale (SCORFAD) on days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90. Cats were combed prior to the treatment (days 0, 30, and 60) and on days 15, 45, and 90; collected fleas were replaced on the animals. All cats received flavored spinosad tablets (Comfortis) at a dosage of 50-75 mg/kg on days 0, 30, and 60. Cats were fed immediately afterwards. On day 0, a total of 60 fleas were collected (mean: 4 ± 4). Cats with FAD had a SCORFAD of 6, 8, 12, and 13 and harbored 0, 2, 1, and 0 fleas, respectively. Tablets were taken voluntarily by 8, 11, and 12 cats on days 0, 30, and 60, respectively. No adverse event was recorded. From day 15 to day 90, no fleas could be collected. SCORFAD was reduced by 40%, 71%, 80%, 89%, and 98% on days 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90, respectively.
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Steffan J, Roberts E, Cannon A, Prélaud P, Forsythe P, Fontaine J, King S, Seewald W. Dose tapering for ciclosporin in cats with nonflea-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:315-22, e70. [PMID: 23530522 PMCID: PMC7169265 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available on the ciclosporin dose-tapering regimen and clinical response in the treatment of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To test a dose-tapering regimen and assess efficacy and clinical safety for up to 18 weeks. ANIMALS Eighty-eight client-owned cats with feline hypersensitivity dermatitis. METHODS Cats that received either a placebo or ciclosporin at 2.5 mg/kg or 7 mg/kg daily for 6 weeks were given 7 mg/kg ciclosporin daily for 4 weeks. Depending on the clinical response, the dose was tapered from daily to every other day over the next 4 weeks and further to twice a week for an additional 4 weeks. RESULTS After all cats received 7 mg/kg for 4 weeks, the dose could be tapered to every other day for the next 4 weeks in 70% of cats remaining in the study. During the next 4 weeks, 57, 15 and 22% of cats remaining in the study could be treated at twice a week, every other day or daily, respectively. After the first 4 weeks, the mean lesion score and owner-assessed pruritus improved over baseline by 69 and 61%, respectively, and remained stable during the following 8 weeks. Approximately 65% of the cats in the study were reported to have an adverse event (AE), very often mild and resolving spontaneously. The most frequent AEs were gastrointestinal and included primarily vomiting and diarrhoea. Eighty per cent of AEs occurred when cats were on daily treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Results suggest that the induction dose of 7 mg/kg ciclosporin can be tapered as soon as 4 weeks without deterioration of the clinical response. Establishment of the lowest effective dosing regimen of ciclosporin reduced the frequency of AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Steffan
- Novartis Animal Health, Schwarzwaldallee 214, Basel, Switzerland.
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King S, Favrot C, Messinger L, Nuttall T, Steffan J, Forster S, Seewald W. A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study to evaluate an effective ciclosporin dose for the treatment of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:440-e84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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