1
|
Padykula I, Damodaran L, Young KT, Krunkosky M, Griffin EF, North JF, Neasham PJ, Pliasas VC, Siepker CL, Stanton JB, Howerth EW, Bahl J, Kyriakis CS, Tompkins SM. Pandemic Risk Assessment for Swine Influenza A Virus in Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Viruses 2024; 16:548. [PMID: 38675891 PMCID: PMC11053818 DOI: 10.3390/v16040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza A viruses pose a public health concern as novel and circulating strains occasionally spill over into human hosts, with the potential to cause disease. Crucial to preempting these events is the use of a threat assessment framework for human populations. However, established guidelines do not specify which animal models or in vitro substrates should be used. We completed an assessment of a contemporary swine influenza isolate, A/swine/GA/A27480/2019 (H1N2), using animal models and human cell substrates. Infection studies in vivo revealed high replicative ability and a pathogenic phenotype in the swine host, with replication corresponding to a complementary study performed in swine primary respiratory epithelial cells. However, replication was limited in human primary cell substrates. This contrasted with our findings in the Calu-3 cell line, which demonstrated a replication profile on par with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. These data suggest that the selection of models is important for meaningful risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Padykula
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lambodhar Damodaran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelsey T. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Madelyn Krunkosky
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emily F. Griffin
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James F. North
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Peter J. Neasham
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Vasilis C. Pliasas
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chris L. Siepker
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James B. Stanton
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Justin Bahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Constantinos S. Kyriakis
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Stephen Mark Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Curran SJ, Griffin EF, Ferreri LM, Kyriakis CS, Howerth EW, Perez DR, Tompkins SM. Swine influenza A virus isolates containing the pandemic H1N1 origin matrix gene elicit greater disease in the murine model. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0338623. [PMID: 38299860 PMCID: PMC10913740 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03386-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the 1990s, endemic North American swine influenza A viruses (swFLUAVs) contained an internal gene segment constellation, the triple reassortment internal gene (TRIG) cassette. In 2009, the H1N1 pandemic (pdmH1N1) virus spilled back into swine but did not become endemic. However, the pdmH1N1 contributed the matrix gene (pdmM) to the swFLUAVs circulating in the pig population, which replaced the classical swine matrix gene (swM) found in the TRIG cassette, suggesting the pdmM has a fitness benefit. Others have shown that swFLUAVs containing the pdmM have greater transmission efficiency compared to viruses containing the swM gene segment. We hypothesized that the matrix (M) gene could also affect disease and utilized two infection models, resistant BALB/c and susceptible DBA/2 mice, to assess pathogenicity. We infected BALB/c and DBA/2 mice with H1 and H3 swFLUAVs containing the swM or pdmM and measured lung virus titers, morbidity, mortality, and lung histopathology. H1 influenza strains containing the pdmM gene caused greater morbidity and mortality in resistant and susceptible murine strains, while H3 swFLUAVs caused no clinical disease. However, both H1 and H3 swFLUAVs containing the pdmM replicated to higher viral titers in the lungs and pdmM containing H1 viruses induced greater histological changes compared to swM H1 viruses. While the surface glycoproteins and other gene segments may contribute to swFLUAV pathogenicity in mice, these data suggest that the origin of the matrix gene also contributes to pathogenicity of swFLUAV in mice, although we must be cautious in translating these conclusions to their natural host, swine. IMPORTANCE The 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus rapidly spilled back into North American swine, reassorting with the already genetically diverse swFLUAVs. Notably, the M gene segment quickly replaced the classical M gene segment, suggesting a fitness benefit. Here, using two murine models of infection, we demonstrate that swFLUAV isolates containing the pandemic H1N1 origin M gene caused increased disease compared to isolates containing the classical swine M gene. These results suggest that, in addition to other influenza virus gene segments, the swFLUAV M gene segment contributes to pathogenesis in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly J. Curran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily F. Griffin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lucas M. Ferreri
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Constantinos S. Kyriakis
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - S. Mark Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rissi DR, Reyes VAA, Donovan TA, Church ME, Howerth EW, Klang A, Woolard KD, Miller AD. Primary and secondary leptomeningeal gliomatosis in dogs. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:171-178. [PMID: 37577961 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231193104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal gliomatosis (LG) is characterized by extensive dissemination of neoplastic glial cells in the subarachnoid space either without an intraparenchymal glioma (primary LG or PLG) or secondary to an intraparenchymal glioma (secondary LG or SLG). Given the low frequency of LG in human and veterinary medicine, specific diagnostic criteria are lacking. Here, we describe 14 cases of canine LG that were retrospectively identified from 6 academic institutions. The mean age of affected dogs was 7.3 years and over 90% of patients were brachycephalic. Clinical signs were variable and progressive. Relevant magnetic resonance image findings in 7/14 dogs included meningeal enhancement of affected areas and/or intraparenchymal masses. All affected dogs were euthanized because of the poor prognosis. Gross changes were reported in 12/14 cases and consisted mainly of gelatinous leptomeningeal thickening in the brain (6/12 cases) or spinal cord (2/12 cases) and 1 or multiple, gelatinous, gray to red intraparenchymal masses in the brain (6/12 cases). Histologically, all leptomeningeal neoplasms and intraparenchymal gliomas were morphologically consistent with oligodendrogliomas. Widespread nuclear immunolabeling for OLIG2 was observed in all neoplasms. The absence of an intraparenchymal glioma was consistent with PLG in 3 cases. The remaining 11 cases were diagnosed as SLG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Klang
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Starr H, Howerth EW, Leon R, Gogal RM, Banovic F. Microarray Gene Expression Analysis of Lesional Skin in Canine Pemphigus Foliaceus. Vet Sci 2024; 11:89. [PMID: 38393106 PMCID: PMC10893259 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is considered the most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs; the mechanism of PF disease development is currently poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms and altered biological pathways in the skin lesions of canine PF patients. Using an RNA microarray on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples, we analyzed the transcriptome of canine PF lesional skin (n = 7) compared to healthy skin (n = 5). Of the 800 genes analyzed, 420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p < 0.05) were found. Of those, 338 genes were significantly upregulated, including pro-inflammatory and Th17-related genes. Cell type profiling found enhancement of several cell types, such as neutrophils, T-cells, and macrophages, in PF skin compared to healthy skin. Enrichment analyses of the upregulated DEGs resulted in 78 statistically significant process networks (FDR < 0.05), including the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. In conclusion, canine PF lesional immune signature resembles previously published changes in human pemphigus skin lesions. Further studies with canine PF lesional skin using next-generation sequencing (e.g., RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, etc.) and the development of canine keratinocyte/skin explant PF models are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of this debilitating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Starr
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (H.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Renato Leon
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (H.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Robert M. Gogal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (H.S.); (R.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reyes VAA, Howerth EW, Blas-Machado U, Platt SR, Pavarini SP, Castro LT, Church ME, Rissi DR. Glioma with cribriform plate involvement in 6 dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:800-805. [PMID: 37608783 PMCID: PMC10621564 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231195291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct patterns of local infiltration are a common feature of canine oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma, and typically involve the surrounding neuroparenchyma, ventricles, or leptomeninges. Infiltration of adjacent extraneural sites is rare and has not been well documented in veterinary medicine. Here we describe 6 canine gliomas with cribriform plate involvement (compression or infiltration) and caudal nasal invasion confirmed by neuroimaging, autopsy, and/or histology. All affected dogs were adults (9-12-y-old), and 3 were brachycephalic. Clinical signs were associated with the brain tumor, with no respiratory signs reported. Magnetic resonance imaging in 2 patients revealed a rostral intraparenchymal telencephalic mass with extension into the cribriform plate. All dogs were euthanized. Gross changes consisted of poorly demarcated, white or pale-yellow, soft, and, in oligodendrogliomas, gelatinous, intraparenchymal masses that expanded the rostral portions of the telencephalon and adhered firmly to the ethmoid bone and cribriform plate. Gliomas were classified as high-grade oligodendrogliomas (4 cases) and high-grade astrocytomas (2 cases) based on histology and immunohistochemistry for OLIG2 and GFAP. In all cases, there was evidence of cribriform plate invasion and, in one case, additional invasion of the caudal nasal cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente A. A. Reyes
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Uriel Blas-Machado
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Simon R. Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Saulo P. Pavarini
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas T. Castro
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Molly E. Church
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel R. Rissi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gottdenker NL, Nascimento Ramos RA, Hakimi H, McHale B, Rivera S, Miller BM, Howerth EW, Burrell CE, Stilwell JM, McManamon R, Verocai GG. Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection in Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus), Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2019-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2167-2170. [PMID: 37735783 PMCID: PMC10521602 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), a zoonotic parasite invasive to the United States, causes eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. A. cantonensis harbors in rat reservoir hosts and is transmitted through gastropods and other paratenic hosts. We discuss the public health relevance of autochthonous A. cantonensis cases in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Collapse
|
7
|
Honda-Okubo Y, Li L, André G, Leong KH, Howerth EW, Bebin-Blackwell AG, Ross TM, Petrovsky N. An Advax-CpG55.2™ adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques from a homologous SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00748-X. [PMID: 37355452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Traditional protein-based vaccine approaches to COVID-19 were overshadowed by the new mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccine approaches which were first to receive marketing authorization. The current study tested for the first time in repurposed aged (median 15.4 years) cynomolgus macaques, a novel Advax-CpG55.2™ adjuvanted recombinant extracellular domain spike protein trimer antigen for immunogenicity, protection and safety. Nine animals received two intramuscular injections 10 days apart of recombinant spike protein (25 μg) with Advax-CpG55.2™ (10 mg/200 μg) and 5 controls received saline injections. Serum antibody levels were followed for 3 months and then the animals were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Clinical signs, local reactions, body weight, food consumption and antibody levels were monitored till termination on either day 3 or 7 post-infection. Two weeks after the second dose, 8/9 immunized macaques had high serum spike and receptor binding domain binding antibodies that were able to cross-neutralize Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and, to a lesser extent, Omicron variants (B.1.1.529 ). Antibody levels decayed over the subsequent 3 months, and minimal neutralizing antibody was detectable immediately prior to the challenge which used a vaccine-homologous Wuhan-like ancestral virus. Of the nine vaccinated animals, only one 18-year-old female sacrificed at d3 had low levels of lung virus, versus 100 % of the control animals. Four of 5 (80 %) control animals had positive lung staining for SARS-CoV-2 virus versus just 1 of 9 (11 %) in the immunized group. The immunized animals exhibited better maintenance of appetite post-challenge. Neutralizing antibody levels rebounded rapidly in immunized animals, post-challenge. This data supports the benefits of Advax-CpG adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine in protecting against a homologous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Lei Li
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia
| | - Greiciely André
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia
| | - King Ho Leong
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia
| | | | | | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laovechprasit W, Young KT, Stacy BA, Tillis SB, Ossiboff RJ, Vann JA, Subramaniam K, Agnew DW, Howerth EW, Zhang J, Whitaker S, Walker A, Orgill AM, Howell LN, Shaver DJ, Donnelly K, Foley AM, Stanton JB. Piscichuvirus-Associated Severe Meningoencephalomyelitis in Aquatic Turtles, United States, 2009-2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 30:280-288. [PMID: 38270209 PMCID: PMC10826744 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.231142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses from a new species of piscichuvirus were strongly associated with severe lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in several free-ranging aquatic turtles from 3 coastal US states during 2009-2021. Sequencing identified 2 variants (freshwater turtle neural virus 1 [FTuNV1] and sea turtle neural virus 1 [STuNV1]) of the new piscichuvirus species in 3 turtles of 3 species. In situ hybridization localized viral mRNA to the inflamed region of the central nervous system in all 3 sequenced isolates and in 2 of 3 additional nonsequenced isolates. All 3 sequenced isolates phylogenetically clustered with other vertebrate chuvirids within the genus Piscichuvirus. FTuNV1 and STuNV1 shared ≈92% pairwise amino acid identity of the large protein, which narrowly places them within the same novel species. The in situ association of the piscichuviruses in 5 of 6 turtles (representing 3 genera) with lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis suggests that piscichuviruses are a likely cause of lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in freshwater and marine turtles.
Collapse
|
9
|
Vargo C, Howerth EW, Banovic F. Transcriptome analysis of selected cytokine and chemokines in the eosinophilic plaques of cats with atopic skin syndrome. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:40-45. [PMID: 36193628 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evaluations of cytokine and chemokine gene expressions [messenger (m)RNA] in the skin of allergic cats were mostly unsuccessful in detecting the T-helper 2 (Th2) pathway, which is associated with the major effector cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in the mRNA expression in eosinophilic plaques of cats diagnosed with feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) compared to healthy controls. ANIMALS Four client-owned cats with FASS with eosinophilic plaques and five healthy control cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expressions (mRNA) of 14 cytokines and chemokines from eosinophilic plaque skin of cats with FASS and site-matched skin samples from healthy controls were analysed using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis. RESULTS Eosinophilic plaques were characterized by upregulation of Th2 cytokines IL-4 (p ≤ 0.01), IL-5 (p ≤ 0.01) and IL-13 (p ≤ 0.01) and Th2-attracting chemokine CCL17 (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, there was higher expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A 8 (p ≤ 0.01) as well as C-X-C Motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10; p ≤ 0.01), IL-10 (p ≤ 0.05) and the Th17 cytokine IL-17A (p ≤ 0.01) in lesional skin compared to healthy samples. There was no difference in gene expressions of IL-12A, IL-31, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or CCL5. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results demonstrate that eosinophilic plaques feature dominant Th2 and IL-17A inflammatory responses in the skin. Further larger-sample transcriptome studies are needed to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of different skin lesions in FASS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Vargo
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Riker J, Clarke LL, Demeter EA, Miller AD, Howerth EW, Miller DM, Rissi DR. Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in 6 cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:87-91. [PMID: 36366728 PMCID: PMC9751457 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221136849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we characterize 6 cases (4 autopsies and 2 biopsies) of histiocytic sarcoma in the CNS of cats. All affected cats had chronic, progressive clinical signs. Three autopsied cats were euthanized because of a poor prognosis, and one died. The clinical outcome for the biopsy cases remains unknown. Tumors occurred in the brain (4 cases), spinal cord (1 case), and brain and spinal cord (1 case). Neoplasms were restricted to the CNS in 3 cases. Reported gross changes in the 4 autopsy cases consisted of neuroparenchymal swelling with or without tissue pallor or gray discoloration (2 cases) and a yellow or dark-gray mass (2 cases). Histologically, pleomorphic, round-to-elongate neoplastic cells with typical histiocytic morphology effaced the neuroparenchyma and leptomeninges. Multinucleate neoplastic cells were observed in all cases. The mitotic count was 1-24 in 2.37 mm2 (10 FN22 40× fields). Neoplastic cells in all cases had positive immunolabeling for Iba1; immunolabeling was negative for E-cadherin, CD3, CD79, and MUM1, confirming their histiocytic origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Riker
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lorelei L. Clarke
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elena A. Demeter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Doris M. Miller
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R. Rissi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Clarke LL, Mead DG, Ruder MG, Howerth EW, Stallknecht D. North American Arboviruses and White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus): Associated Diseases and Role in Transmission. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:425-442. [PMID: 35867036 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Arboviral disease is of increasing concern to human and animal health professionals as emerging and re-emerging arboviruses are more frequently recognized. Wildlife species are known to play a role in the transmission and maintenance of arboviruses and infections can result in morbidity and mortality in wildlife hosts. Materials and Methods: In this review, we detail existing evidence of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as an important host to a diverse collection of arboviruses and evaluate the utility of this species as a resource to better understand the epidemiology of related viral diseases. Results: Relevant veterinary and zoonotic viral pathogens endemic to North America include epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, bluetongue virus, orthobunyaviruses, vesicular stomatitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and Powassan virus. Exotic viral pathogens that may infect white-tailed deer are also identified with an emphasis on zoonotic disease risks. The utility of this species is attributed to the high degree of contact with humans and domestic livestock and evidence of preferential feeding by various insect vectors. Conclusions: There is mounting evidence that white-tailed deer are a useful, widely available source of information regarding arboviral circulation, and that surveillance and monitoring of deer populations would be of value to the understanding of certain viral transmission dynamics, with implications for improving human and domestic animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorelei L Clarke
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel G Mead
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Cabrias-Contreras LJ, Dennis MM, Escobar-Torres SM, Ghim SJ, Howerth EW, Landrau-Giovannetti N, Rivera-Guzmán AL, Rivera-Pérez CI, Joh JJ. Characterization of novel papillomavirus from free-ranging Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus with genital papillomatosis. Dis Aquat Organ 2022; 149:1-10. [PMID: 35510816 DOI: 10.3354/dao03656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus is an Endangered species living along the Atlantic coasts of the Americas from Florida (USA), throughout the Caribbean, to Brazil. In July 2020, a manatee with multiple wounds due to boat-inflicted trauma was rescued from the coast east of Cayo Mata, Salinas, Puerto Rico. This manatee had neutropenia, leukopenia, and monocytosis associated with immunosuppression and nutritional deficiency anemia, as well as bacteria and fungi within the lesions. The manatee had genital lesions which included papules and linear plaques, microscopically characterized by mucosal hyperplasia with cytopathic changes typical of papillomavirus infection. Superficial epithelial cells had strong nuclear immunolabeling when examined using a monoclonal antibody specific to papillomavirus. The sequencing data of PCR products with papillomavirus-specific degenerative primers indicated that these lesions contained a novel manatee papillomavirus (Trichechus manatus papillomavirus, TmPV). The genomic DNA was amplified using a rolling circle amplification, and fully sequenced to be 7586 bp (GenBank accession no. OK073977). Other TmPVs were previously isolated from Florida manatees T. manatus latirostris. This novel virus was designated TmPV type 5 (TmPV5) based on its genomic characterization and sequence comparison. The TmPV5 genome shared 50.7, 48.9, 69.4, and 62.1% similarities with TmPV1, TmPV2, TmPV3, and TmPV4, respectively. TmPV5 is classified in the genus Rhopapillomavirus together with other manatee papillomaviruses. After 2.5 mo of veterinary treatment and rehabilitation, the manatee recovered and was released. This is the first report of papillomatosis in a free-ranging Antillean manatee.
Collapse
|
13
|
Walden BP, Radisic R, Warshaw M, Weber M, Sanchez S, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 259:1-4. [PMID: 35394938 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.06.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Walden
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Rebecca Radisic
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | | | - Susan Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Seguel M, McManamon R, Reavill D, Van Sant F, Hassan SM, Ritchie BW, Howerth EW. Neuropathology of feral conures with bromethalin toxicosis. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:489-492. [PMID: 35300553 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221082300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bromethalin is a widely used neurotoxic rodenticide sometimes affecting nontarget wildlife. However, the effects of bromethalin on avian species are largely unknown. Here, we report the neuropathology of 14 feral conures (Psittacara sp.) with bromethalin toxicosis. Clinically, all birds presented with different degrees of paraparesis that sometimes progressed to dysphagia, ataxia, and tetraparesis. Histologically, there was astrogliosis, pallor, and vacuolation of white matter in the brain. This was usually more prominent in the medial longitudinal fasciculus, pons, optic tectum, cerebellar peduncle, and ventral funiculus. In most affected areas, there was loss of oligodendrocytes, and axons had extensive myelin loss or marked intramyelinic edema with splitting of myelin sheaths at the intraperiod line. Conures with bromethalin toxicosis had neuropathological changes similar to those of mammals exposed to bromethalin but with a characteristic distribution, probably related to higher susceptibility to cytotoxic edema in certain regions of the avian brain.
Collapse
|
15
|
Vargo CL, Strzok EC, Howerth EW, Austel M, Banovic F. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 259:1-3. [PMID: 35349468 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.01.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Vargo
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Emily C Strzok
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Michaela Austel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang W, Wang M, Tang W, Wen R, Zhou S, Lee C, Wang H, Jiang W, Delahunty IM, Zhen Z, Chen H, Chapman M, Wu Z, Howerth EW, Cai H, Li Z, Xie J. Nanoparticle-Laden Macrophages for Tumor-Tropic Drug Delivery. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2109925. [PMID: 35141954 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
|
17
|
Brown CC, Mulder AT, Howerth EW, Blas-Machado U. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:503-505. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.08.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare C. Brown
- 1Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS
| | - A. Troy Mulder
- 2Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- 2Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Uriel Blas-Machado
- 3Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mack ZE, Armwood AR, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1-4. [PMID: 34910678 DOI: 10.2460/javma.19.07.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gordon HE, Siepker CL, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1-3. [PMID: 34910680 DOI: 10.2460/javma.19.09.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
Collapse
|
20
|
Reeves SJ, Kirejczyk SGM, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1278-1281. [PMID: 34727051 DOI: 10.2460/javma.19.03.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Reeves
- From the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Shannon G M Kirejczyk
- From the Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- From the Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Harvey AM, Dalton MF, Rivera S, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1282-1284. [PMID: 34727052 DOI: 10.2460/javma.19.04.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Harvey
- From the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Martha F Dalton
- From the Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Sam Rivera
- From the Department of Veterinary Services, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- From the Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mesquita LP, Costa RC, Mesquita LLR, Lara MDCCSH, Villalobos EMC, Mori CMC, Mori E, Howerth EW, Maiorka PC. Pathogenesis of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 Infection in the Central Nervous System of Mice. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:1075-1085. [PMID: 34128432 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211020670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) causes myeloencephalopathy in horses and occasionally in non-equid species. Although mouse models have been developed to understand EHV-1 pathogenesis, few EHV-1 strains have been identified as highly neurovirulent to mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenesis of 2 neurovirulent EHV-1 strains in mice, and to characterize the inflammatory cells and expression of chemokines and the apoptosis marker caspase-3 in the brain of infected mice. C57BL/6J mice were inoculated intranasally with EHV-1 strains A4/72 or A9/92 and evaluated on 1, 2, and 3 days post inoculation (DPI). EHV-1-infected mice showed severe neurological signs at 3 DPI. Ultrastructural analysis revealed numerous viral nucleocapsids and fewer enveloped virions within degenerated and necrotic neurons and in the surrounding neuropil. Histologically, at 3 DPI, there was severe diffuse neuronal degeneration and liquefactive necrosis, prominent microgliosis, and perivascular cuffing composed of CD3+ cells (T cells) and Iba-1+ cells (macrophages), mainly in the olfactory bulb and ventral portions of the brain. In these areas, moderate numbers of neuroglial cells expressed CCL5 and CCL2 chemokines. Numerous neurons, including those in less affected areas, were immunolabeled for cleaved caspase-3. In conclusion, neurovirulent EHV-1 strains induced a fulminant necrotizing lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis in mice, with microgliosis and expression of chemokines and caspase-3. This model will be useful for understanding the mechanisms underlying the extensive neuropathology induced by these viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo P Mesquita
- 28133University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Enio Mori
- 27058Pasteur Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Camus MS, Brooker A, Perlini M, Secrest S, Howerth EW, Seguel M, Feldhaeusser B, Saba C. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:741-743. [PMID: 34516263 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.7.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Yanez RA, Kirejczyk SGM, Sanchez S, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:613-615. [PMID: 34448612 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.6.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
25
|
Gendron KP, Howerth EW, Nagata K, Perlini M, Northrup N. Intramuscular Grade 1 fibrosarcoma: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in 2 dogs. Can Vet J 2021; 62:857-860. [PMID: 34341599 PMCID: PMC8281950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two adult neutered male dogs were presented for evaluation of firm, painless masses arising within muscle: an 8-year-old German wirehaired pointer dog with an accessory tricipital growth, and a 3-year-old German shepherd dog with a gracilis muscle growth. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics suggested malignant behavior, with a central fluid-like portion with a hyperenhancing lining, a nidus of disorganized tissue, and an extensive reactive zone, whereas histopathology was consistent with low-grade fibrosarcoma. This report describes histologically low-grade, yet biologically high-grade intramuscular fibrosarcoma, in which MRI provided detailed information on tumor behavior and assisted with biopsy and surgical planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine P Gendron
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging (Gendron, Perlini), Department of Pathology (Howerth), Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Nagata, Northrup), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging (Gendron, Perlini), Department of Pathology (Howerth), Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Nagata, Northrup), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Koichi Nagata
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging (Gendron, Perlini), Department of Pathology (Howerth), Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Nagata, Northrup), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Michael Perlini
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging (Gendron, Perlini), Department of Pathology (Howerth), Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Nagata, Northrup), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Nicole Northrup
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging (Gendron, Perlini), Department of Pathology (Howerth), Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Nagata, Northrup), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kirejczyk SGM, Goodwin C, Gyimesi ZS, Zachariah TT, Sturgeon GL, Armwood AR, Frontera-Acevedo K, Kokosinksa A, Seguel M, Fogelson SB, Burnum AL, Miller D, Sakamoto K, Howerth EW, McManamon R, Gottdenker N. A Retrospective Study of Pathology in Bats Submitted to an Exotic and Zoo Animal Diagnostic Service in Georgia, USA (2008-2019). J Comp Pathol 2021; 185:96-107. [PMID: 34119238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathology records of bats submitted to the University of Georgia from managed care settings were reviewed to identify naturally occurring diseases. Fifty-nine cases were evaluated during an 11-year period (2008-2019), including representatives from four families: Pteropodidae (Yinpterochiroptera), Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae (Yangochiroptera). Pathology reports were reviewed to determine the primary pathological process resulting in death or the decision to euthanize. Cases were categorized as non-infectious (34/59; 58%), infectious/inflammatory (17/59; 29%) or undetermined due to advanced autolysis (8/59; 14%). Musculoskeletal diseases and reproductive losses were the most frequent pathological processes. Among the infectious processes identified, bacterial infections of the reproductive and haemolymphatic systems were most frequently observed. The first two reports of neoplasia in small flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus) are described. Bats under managed care present with a wide range of histopathological lesions. In this cohort, non-infectious disease processes were common.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Doris Miller
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Rita McManamon
- Zoo and Exotic Animal Pathology Service, Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Furst NR, Colee JC, Howerth EW, Farina LL. Multinucleate parietal cells and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the gastric epithelium of callitrichids. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:648-654. [PMID: 34047212 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211019020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion bodies (IBs) and multinucleate cells can be associated with viral infections; however, IBs and multinucleate cells have been described in normal tissue and with non-viral disease processes in multiple species. We examined fundic stomach from 50 callitrichids histologically for bi- and multinucleate parietal cells and cytoplasmic IBs in gastric epithelial cells. Callitrichids represented included 6 genera: Saguinus (4 spp.), Leontopithecus (1 sp.), Mico (3 spp.), Cebuella (1 sp.), Callithrix (1 sp.), Callimico (1 sp.), and 13 unspecified marmosets. Gastric epithelial IBs were present in 46 of 47 (98%) of the callitrichids from which the stomach was sufficiently well preserved to identify IBs. Cytoplasmic IBs were identified in gastric surface pit epithelial cells (43 of 44, 98%), mucous neck cells (43 of 44, 98%), parietal cells (43 of 44, 98%), and chief cells (43 of 44, 98%). The IBs were eosinophilic, ovoid, round, elongate, or variably indented, sometimes slightly refractile, and 1-6 × 1-13 µm. IBs were sometimes perinuclear and molded around the nucleus. Electron microscopy of the gastric epithelium of one marmoset indicated that IBs were composed of intermediate filaments. The IBs did not stain with immunohistochemical markers for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 or vimentin. Binucleate parietal cells were found in 49 of 50 (98%) callitrichids, and multinucleate parietal cells were observed in 40 of 49 (82%) callitrichids. Gastric epithelial cytoplasmic IBs and bi- and multinucleate parietal cells are likely a normal finding in callitrichids, and, to our knowledge, have not been reported previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Furst
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James C Colee
- Statistical Consulting Unit, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lisa L Farina
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
von Stade D, McHale BJ, Gerhold R, Williamson LH, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:1083-1085. [PMID: 33944596 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.10.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
29
|
Mulder AT, Clarke L, Barber R, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:383-386. [PMID: 33539201 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.4.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
30
|
Athey JM, Dalton MF, Brown CA, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:463-465. [PMID: 33620241 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
31
|
Swartley OM, Jerry C, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:925-928. [PMID: 33064611 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.9.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
32
|
Sommer SL, Kirejczyk SGM, Parkanzky M, Secrest SA, Howerth EW, Harris RK. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1137-1140. [PMID: 33226295 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2020.257.11.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
33
|
Parks DM, Jerry CFS, Ray J, Sanchez S, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1021-1024. [PMID: 33135982 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2020.257.10.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
34
|
Mayer J, Aguilar LAB, Walth GB, Appleton K, Holladay SD, Howerth EW, Meichner K, Gogal RM. Clinical tolerance of dexamethasone in New Zealand white rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:259-267. [PMID: 33721713 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rabbits have been a popular pet and research species world-wide. In many clinical and research situations, controlling inflammation is necessary for the health of these animals. One of the first drugs commonly employed in veterinary medicine to suppress inflammatory responses is corticosteroids. Unfortunately, steroid use in rabbits is not universally accepted as they are perceived, based on their potent immunosuppressant activity, to negatively impact quality of life. This is may be due, in part, to the lack of well-developed dosing protocols in these animals. This study evaluated the impact of a 5-day IM dexamethasone (Dex, 0.5 mg/kg) protocol on the immunity and clinical health of the New Zealand rabbit. Through two experiments separated by a 10-day washout period, experiment 1 comprised 5-days of dosing with bleedings on day 0, 3, 5 and 7, where experiment 2 consisted of 5-days of dosing with bleedings on day 0, 3 and 5. Animals were monitored twice daily for changes in clinical health. Hematology, T cell subset phenotype, leukocyte cell cycle, histopathology, phagocytosis and oxidative formation were evaluated. Consistent with other species, 5-day dosing with Dex suppressed leukocytes, in particular the T cells (p ≤ 0.003). Interestingly, rabbits failed to show any adverse clinical signs throughout the entire study. This would imply that a 5-day IM Dex (0.5 mg/kg) dosing protocol is well tolerated by New Zealand white rabbits and could be used in rabbits suffering from inflammatory conditions or disease as long as the animal's immune status is closely monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Mayer
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Laura A B Aguilar
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Greg B Walth
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kate Appleton
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Steven D Holladay
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kristina Meichner
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M Gogal
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Young KT, Lahmers KK, Sellers HS, Stallknecht DE, Poulson RL, Saliki JT, Tompkins SM, Padykula I, Siepker C, Howerth EW, Todd M, Stanton JB. Randomly primed, strand-switching, MinION-based sequencing for the detection and characterization of cultured RNA viruses. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 33:202-215. [PMID: 33357075 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720981019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses rapidly mutate, which can result in increased virulence, increased escape from vaccine protection, and false-negative detection results. Targeted detection methods have a limited ability to detect unknown viruses and often provide insufficient data to detect coinfections or identify antigenic variants. Random, deep sequencing is a method that can more fully detect and characterize RNA viruses and is often coupled with molecular techniques or culture methods for viral enrichment. We tested viral culture coupled with third-generation sequencing for the ability to detect and characterize RNA viruses. Cultures of bovine viral diarrhea virus, canine distemper virus (CDV), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, 2 influenza A viruses, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus were sequenced on the MinION platform using a random, reverse primer in a strand-switching reaction, coupled with PCR-based barcoding. Reads were taxonomically classified and used for reference-based sequence building using a stock personal computer. This method accurately detected and identified complete coding sequence genomes with a minimum of 20× coverage depth for all 7 viruses, including a sample containing 2 viruses. Each lineage-typing region had at least 26× coverage depth for all viruses. Furthermore, analyzing the CDV sample through a pipeline devoid of CDV reference sequences modeled the ability of this protocol to detect unknown viruses. Our results show the ability of this technique to detect and characterize dsRNA, negative- and positive-sense ssRNA, and nonsegmented and segmented RNA viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey T Young
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Kevin K Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Holly S Sellers
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - David E Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Rebecca L Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Jerry T Saliki
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Stephen Mark Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Ian Padykula
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Chris Siepker
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Michelle Todd
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
McHale B, Callahan RT, Paras KL, Weber M, Kimbrell L, Velázquez-Jiménez Y, McManamon R, Howerth EW, Verocai GG. Sparganosis due to Spirometra sp. (cestoda; Diphyllobothriidae) in captive meerkats ( Suricata suricatta). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 13:186-190. [PMID: 33134078 PMCID: PMC7591330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report three cases of sparganosis due to plerocercoids of the tapeworm Spirometra sp. in captive meerkats (Suricata suricatta) from a zoo exhibit in the southeastern United States. Two meerkats were euthanized, one due to an uncontrollable seizure and the other due to trauma, and at necropsy cysts containing cestode larvae were observed. A third meerkat had a subcutaneous nodule surgically removed, which contained similar larvae. The third animal died years later, and had numerous cestode larvae in the pleural and peritoneal cavities. The larvae were morphologically identified as plerocercoids of diphyllobothriidean cestodes. On necropsy, multiple nodules, ranging in size from 2.5 to 3.0 cm, were observed in the subcutaneous tissue and muscles. Multifocally, separating skeletal muscle fibers were longitudinal and transversal sections of cestode larva. Histologically, parasitic cysts contained large numbers of neutrophils and macrophages, admixed with proteinaceous material. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that specimens from one of the meerkats belonged to the genus Spirometra and was closely related to Spirometra plerocercoids isolated from a snake from the United States and wild felids from South America. Meerkats likely became infected by ingesting infected second intermediate hosts, such as amphibians and reptiles that may have entered the exhibit. Management practices that minimize access of meerkats and other susceptible hosts to intermediate hosts should be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany McHale
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - R Trey Callahan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelsey L Paras
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Martha Weber
- Riverbanks Zoo & Garden, 500 Wildlife Parkway, Columbia, SC 29210, USA
| | - Lisa Kimbrell
- Riverbanks Zoo & Garden, 500 Wildlife Parkway, Columbia, SC 29210, USA
| | - Yanet Velázquez-Jiménez
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Puebla. Calle 21 Sur 1103, Barrio Santiago, 72410, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rita McManamon
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Robinson K, Platt S, Bibi K, Banovic F, Barber R, Howerth EW, Madsen G. A Pilot Study on the Safety of a Novel Antioxidant Nanoparticle Delivery System and Its Indirect Effects on Cytokine Levels in Four Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:447. [PMID: 32851027 PMCID: PMC7406565 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute spinal cord injury consists of a primary, traumatic event followed by a cascade of secondary events resulting in ongoing cell damage and death. There is great interest in prevention of these secondary effects to reduce permanent long-term neurologic deficits. One such target includes reactive oxygen species released following injury, which can be enzymatically converted into less harmful molecules by superoxide dismutase and catalase. Canine intervertebral disc herniation has been suggested as a naturally occurring model for acute spinal cord injury and its secondary effects in people. The aims of this study were to test the safety of a novel antioxidant delivery system in four healthy dogs and to indirectly test effect of delivery via cytokine measurement. All dogs experienced adverse events to some degree, with two experiencing adverse events considered to be severe. The clinical signs, including combinations of bradycardia, hypotension, hypersalivation, pale gums, and involuntary urination, were consistent with complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). CARPA is a well-known phenomenon that has been reported to occur with nanoparticle-based drug delivery, among other documented causes. Two dogs also had mild to moderate changes in their blood cell count and chemistry, including elevated alanine transferase, and thrombocytopenia, which both returned to normal by day 7 post-administration. Cytokine levels trended downwards over the first 3 days, but many were elevated at measurement on day 7. Intradermal testing suggested catalase as a potential cause for reactions. No long-term clinical signs were observed, and necropsy results revealed no concerning pathology. Additional evaluation of this product, including further characterization of reactions to catalase containing components, dose-escalation, and desensitization should be performed before evaluation in clinically affected dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Robinson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Simon Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Katherine Bibi
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Renee Barber
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Gary Madsen
- ProTransit Nanotherapy, LLC, Omaha, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Coe SE, Dalton MF, Anis E, Wilkes RP, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:183-186. [PMID: 31910076 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
39
|
Mi ASH, Grimes JA, Yeuroukis CK, Garner BC, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:537-540. [PMID: 31429651 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.5.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
40
|
Wu TK, Kirejczyk SGM, Howerth EW. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:319-321. [PMID: 31961272 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
41
|
Jenkins BD, Martini RN, Hire R, Brown A, Bennett B, Brown I, Howerth EW, Egan M, Hodgson J, Yates C, Kittles R, Chitale D, Ali H, Nathanson D, Nikolinakos P, Newman L, Monteil M, Davis MB. Atypical Chemokine Receptor 1 ( DARC/ACKR1) in Breast Tumors Is Associated with Survival, Circulating Chemokines, Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells, and African Ancestry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 28:690-700. [PMID: 30944146 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-specific immune response is an important aspect of disease prognosis and ultimately impacts treatment decisions for innovative immunotherapies. The atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1 or DARC) gene plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and harbors several single-nucleotide variants (SNV) that are specific to sub-Saharan African ancestry. METHODS Using computational The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis, case-control clinical cohort Luminex assays, and CIBERSORT deconvolution, we identified distinct immune cell profile-associated DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression and race with increased macrophage subtypes and regulatory T cells in DARC/ACKR1-high tumors. RESULTS In this study, we report the clinical relevance of DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression in breast cancer, in the context of a tumor immune response that may be associated with sub-Saharan African ancestry. Briefly, we found that for infiltrating carcinomas, African Americans have a higher proportion of DARC/ACKR1-negative tumors compared with white Americans, and DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression is correlated with proinflammatory chemokines, CCL2/MCP-1 (P <0.0001) and anticorrelated with CXCL8/IL8 (P <0.0001). Sub-Saharan African-specific DARC/ACKR1 alleles likely drive these correlations. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in individuals with DARC/ACKR1-high tumors (P <1.0 × 10-16 and P <2.2 × 10-6, respectively) across all molecular tumor subtypes. CONCLUSIONS DARC/AKCR1 regulates immune responses in tumors, and its expression is associated with sub-Saharan African-specific alleles. DARC/ACKR1-positive tumors will have a distinct immune response compared with DARC/AKCR1-negative tumors. IMPACT This study has high relevance in cancer management, as we introduce a functional regulator of inflammatory chemokines that can determine an infiltrating tumor immune cell landscape that is distinct among patients of African ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany D Jenkins
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Rachel N Martini
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Rupali Hire
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Andrea Brown
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Briana Bennett
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - I'nasia Brown
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Mary Egan
- University Cancer and Blood Center, Athens, Georgia
| | | | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Rick Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Dhananjay Chitale
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Haythem Ali
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - David Nathanson
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Lisa Newman
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michele Monteil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, Georgia
| | - Melissa B Davis
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gao S, Zhang W, Wang R, Hopkins SP, Spagnoli JC, Racin M, Bai L, Li L, Jiang W, Yang X, Lee C, Nagata K, Howerth EW, Handa H, Xie J, Ma Q, Kumar A. Nanoparticles Encapsulating Nitrosylated Maytansine To Enhance Radiation Therapy. ACS Nano 2020; 14:1468-1481. [PMID: 31939662 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy remains a major treatment modality for cancer types such as non-small cell lung carcinoma (or NSCLC). To enhance treatment efficacy at a given radiation dose, radiosensitizers are often used during radiotherapy. Herein, we report a nanoparticle agent that can selectively sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy. Specifically, we nitrosylated maytansinoid DM1 and then loaded the resulting prodrug, DM1-NO, onto poly(lactide-co-glycolic)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG) nanoparticles. The toxicity of DM1 is suppressed by nanoparticle encapsulation and nitrosylation, allowing the drug to be delivered to tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Under irradiation to tumors, the oxidative stress is elevated, leading to the cleavage of the S-N bond and the release of DM1 and nitric oxide (NO). DM1 inhibits microtubule polymerization and enriches cells at the G2/M phase, which is more radiosensitive. NO under irradiation forms highly toxic radicals such as peroxynitrites, which also contribute to tumor suppression. The two components work synergistically to enhance radiotherapy outcomes, which was confirmed in vitro by clonogenic assays and in vivo with H1299 tumor-bearing mice. Our studies suggest the great promise of DM1-NO PLGA nanoparticles in enhancing radiotherapy against NSCLC and potentially other tumor types.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Capsules/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Maytansine/chemistry
- Maytansine/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Particle Size
- Surface Properties
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Sean P Hopkins
- College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Jonathan C Spagnoli
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Mohammed Racin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Chaebin Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Koichi Nagata
- Veterinary Biosciences & Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Hitesh Handa
- College of Engineering , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130033 , China
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kinder HA, Baker EW, Wang S, Fleischer CC, Howerth EW, Duberstein KJ, Mao H, Platt SR, West FD. Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Dynamic Brain Structure Changes Leading to Acute and Chronic Motor Function Deficits in a Pediatric Piglet Model. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2930-2942. [PMID: 31084386 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Pediatric TBI patients often suffer from crippling cognitive, emotional, and motor function deficits that have negative lifelong effects. The objective of this study was to longitudinally assess TBI pathophysiology using multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gait analysis, and histological approaches in a pediatric piglet model. TBI was produced by controlled cortical impact in Landrace piglets. MRI data, including from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), were collected 24 hours and 12 weeks post-TBI, and gait analysis was performed at multiple time-points over 12 weeks post-TBI. A subset of animals was sacrificed 24 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks post-TBI for histological analysis. MRI results demonstrated that TBI led to a significant brain lesion and midline shift as well as microscopic tissue damage with altered brain diffusivity, decreased white matter integrity, and reduced cerebral blood flow. MRS showed a range of neurochemical changes after TBI. Histological analysis revealed neuronal loss, astrogliosis/astrocytosis, and microglia activation. Further, gait analysis showed transient impairments in cadence, cycle time, % stance, step length, and stride length, as well as long-term impairments in weight distribution after TBI. Taken together, this study illustrates the distinct time course of TBI pathoanatomic and functional responses up to 12 weeks post-TBI in a piglet TBI model. The study of TBI injury and recovery mechanisms, as well as the testing of therapeutics in this translational model, are likely to be more predictive of human responses and clinical outcomes compared to traditional small animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Emily W Baker
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Silun Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Candace C Fleischer
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kylee J Duberstein
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Simon R Platt
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kinder HA, Baker EW, Howerth EW, Duberstein KJ, West FD. Controlled Cortical Impact Leads to Cognitive and Motor Function Deficits that Correspond to Cellular Pathology in a Piglet Traumatic Brain Injury Model. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2810-2826. [PMID: 31084390 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States, with children who sustain a TBI having a greater risk of developing long-lasting cognitive, behavioral, and motor function deficits. This has led to increased interest in utilizing large animal models to study pathophysiologic and functional changes after injury in hopes of identifying novel therapeutic targets. In the present study, a controlled cortical impact (CCI) piglet TBI model was utilized to evaluate cognitive, motor, and histopathologic outcomes. CCI injury (4 m/sec velocity, 9 mm depression, 400 msec dwell time) was induced at the parietal cortex. Compared with normal pigs (n = 5), TBI pigs (n = 5) exhibited appreciable cognitive deficiencies, including significantly impaired spatial memory in spatial T-maze testing and a significant decrease in exploratory behaviors followed by marked hyperactivity in open field testing. Additionally, gait analysis revealed significant increases in cycle time and stance percent, significant decreases in hind reach, and a shift in the total pressure index from the front to the hind limb on the affected side, suggesting TBI impairs gait and balance. Pigs were sacrificed 28 days post-TBI and histological analysis revealed that TBI lead to a significant decrease in neurons and a significant increase in microglia activation and astrogliosis/astrocytosis at the perilesional area, a significant loss in neurons at the dorsal hippocampus, and significantly increased neuroblast proliferation at the subventricular zone. These data demonstrate a strong relationship between TBI-induced cellular changes and functional outcomes in our piglet TBI model that lay the framework for future studies that assess the ability of therapeutic interventions to contribute to functional improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Emily W Baker
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kylee J Duberstein
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vilar da Silva JH, González-Cerón F, Howerth EW, Rekaya R, Aggrey SE. Alteration of dietary cysteine affects activities of genes of the transsulfuration and glutathione pathways, and development of skin tissues and feather follicles in chickens. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 31:203-208. [PMID: 30950314 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1577253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The dietary requirement for cysteine is not determined in poultry since it is not an essential amino acid. The cysteine need is expected to be met through the transsulfuration pathway where homocysteine, a precursor of methionine, is converted to cysteine. Cysteine is a major component of plumage, and the degree to which cysteine is involved in plumage and other keratized proteins are unknown. We randomly assigned chicks to control and treatment (deficient in cysteine) diets for 49 d. The thickness of the skin layers, feather follicle length, and thickness were measured at days 10, 24, 34, and 49. We also measured the hepatic mRNA expressions of cystathionine beta synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CTL), cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). Chickens fed the treatment diet had reduced epidermis thickness and shorter feather follicles compared with the controls. The chicken fed the treatment diet also had increased mRNA expression of CBS and CTL indicating a disruption of the transsulfuration pathway. The treatment chickens also had a decreased hepatic CDO and increased GSS mRNA expressions which are in concordance with the homeostatic regulation of cysteine. Compromised cysteine metabolism could affect thermoregulation and subsequently affect feed efficiency and welfare of the birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando González-Cerón
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Romdhane Rekaya
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Samuel E Aggrey
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bateman FL, Kirejczyk SGM, Stewart GV, Cutler DC, Quilling LL, Howerth EW, Mayer J. Effects of an enrofloxacin-silver sulfadiazine emulsion in the ears of rabbits with perforated tympanic membranes. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:325-334. [PMID: 30919672 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.4.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether an enrofloxacin-silver sulfadiazine emulsion (ESS) labeled for treatment of otitis externa in dogs has ototoxic effects in rabbits following myringotomy. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURES Rabbits were anesthetized for brainstem auditory-evoked response (BAER) tests on day 0. Myringotomy was performed, and BAER testing was repeated. Saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and ESS were then instilled in the left and right middle ears, respectively, and BAER testing was repeated prior to recovery of rabbits from anesthesia. Application of assigned treatments was continued every 12 hours for 7 days, and rabbits were anesthetized for BAER testing on day 8. Rabbits were euthanized, and samples were collected for histologic (6 ears/treatment) and scanning electron microscopic (1 ear/treatment) examination. RESULTS Most hearing thresholds (11/12 ears) were subjectively increased after myringotomy, with BAER measurements ranging from 30 to 85 dB in both ears. All day 8 hearing thresholds exceeded baseline (premyringotomy) values; results ranged from 30 to 85 dB and 80 to > 95 dB (the upper test limit) in saline solution-treated and ESS-treated ears, respectively. All ESS-treated ears had heterophilic otitis externa, epithelial hyperplasia of the external ear canal, various degrees of mucoperiosteal edema, and periosteal new bone formation on histologic examination. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that most outer hair cells in the ESS-treated ear lacked stereocilia or were absent. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results supported that ESS has ototoxic effects in the middle ear of rabbits. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. Myringotomized laboratory rabbits may be useful to study ototoxicity of drugs used in human medicine.
Collapse
|
47
|
Caudill MN, Stilwell JM, Howerth EW, Garner B. Chronic granulomatous pneumonia and lung rupture secondary to aspiration of activated charcoal in a French Bulldog. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:67-70. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bridget Garner
- Department of Pathology University of Georgia Athens Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Van Sant F, Hassan SM, Reavill D, McManamon R, Howerth EW, Seguel M, Bauer R, Loftis KM, Gregory CR, Ciembor PG, Ritchie BW. Evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral San Francisco "Telegraph Hill" conures. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213248. [PMID: 30883548 PMCID: PMC6422264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2018, four free-ranging conures, from a naturalized flock in San Francisco, presented with a characteristic set of neurologic signs that had been reported in other individuals from this flock. The cause of morbidity or mortality in historic cases has not been identified. From these four subjects, fresh feces were collected during their initial days of hospitalization and submitted to the University of Georgia Infectious Diseases Laboratory and Center for Applied Isotope Studies for bromethalin and desmethyl-bromethalin quantitation. Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, the laboratory detected bromethalin, a non-anticoagulant, single-dose rodenticide, in fecal samples from three subjects; half of these samples were also positive for desmethyl-bromethalin, bromethalin’s active metabolite. In three subjects that died, the UGA laboratory screened brain and liver samples and found bromethalin in all samples; desmethyl-bromethalin was detected in all but one brain sample, which was below the detection limit. Our findings suggest the conures are more resistant to bromethalin than are other species in which bromethalin has been studied, and/or that the conures may be ingesting the toxin at a sublethal dose. More data is needed to better assess the long-term effects of bromethalin on animals exposed at the subacute/chronic levels, and also to better understand the compartmentalization of bromethalin and desmethyl-bromethalin in a wider variety of species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fern Van Sant
- For the Birds, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Sayed M Hassan
- Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Drury Reavill
- Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, California, United States of America
| | - Rita McManamon
- Zoo and Exotic Animal Pathology Service, Infectious Diseases Laboratory and the Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mauricio Seguel
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard Bauer
- Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathy M Loftis
- Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christopher R Gregory
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paula G Ciembor
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Branson W Ritchie
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.,New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Baker EW, Kinder HA, Hutcheson JM, Duberstein KJJ, Platt SR, Howerth EW, West FD. Controlled Cortical Impact Severity Results in Graded Cellular, Tissue, and Functional Responses in a Piglet Traumatic Brain Injury Model. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:61-73. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Baker
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Holly A. Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jessica M. Hutcheson
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kylee Jo J. Duberstein
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Simon R. Platt
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Franklin D. West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang W, Wang M, Tang W, Wen R, Zhou S, Lee C, Wang H, Jiang W, Delahunty IM, Zhen Z, Chen H, Chapman M, Wu Z, Howerth EW, Cai H, Li Z, Xie J. Nanoparticle-Laden Macrophages for Tumor-Tropic Drug Delivery. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1805557. [PMID: 30368972 PMCID: PMC6506271 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages hold great potential in cancer drug delivery because they can sense chemotactic cues and home to tumors with high efficiency. However, it remains a challenge to load large amounts of therapeutics into macrophages without compromising cell functions. This study reports a silica-based drug nanocapsule approach to solve this issue. The nanocapsule consists of a drug-silica complex filling and a solid silica sheath, and it is designed to minimally release drug molecules in the early hours of cell entry. While taken up by macrophages at high rates, the nanocapsules minimally affect cell migration in the first 6-12 h, buying time for macrophages to home to tumors and release drugs in situ. In particular, it is shown that doxorubicin (Dox) as a representative drug can be loaded into macrophages up to 16.6 pg per cell using this approach. When tested in a U87MG xenograft model, intravenously (i.v.) injected Dox-laden macrophages show comparable tumor accumulation as untreated macrophages. Therapy leads to efficient tumor growth suppression, while causing little systematic toxicity. This study suggests a new cell platform for selective drug delivery, which can be readily extended to the treatment of other types of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ru Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chaebin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Zipeng Zhen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hongmin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Matthew Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|