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Vashisht S, Singh N, Sharma A, Saini N, Gaur SN, Arora N. In silico tools to assess the potential allergenicity of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:877-890. [PMID: 36057923 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computational tools may have an edge over conventional methods for the preliminary evaluation of food allergenicity. In this study, the allergenic potential of Lentinula edodes was evaluated and validated using in silico tools. RESULTS The potential cross-reactivity of mushroom proteins with fungal allergens was determined using sequence alignment - the Fast Alignment (FASTA) and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) algorithm. Eight L. edodes proteins were cross-reactive with allergens from fungal origin, showing 52%-89% sequence identity using FASTA algorithm-based alignment. The BLAST data were corroborated by percentage identity and query coverage. Physico-chemical property-based allergenicity was deciphered by AlgPred, Allermatch, and AllergenFP software, which predicted six out of eight proteins as potential allergens. Sequence alignment showed 66%-86% conservancy between mushroom protein and known fungal allergens. Secondary structure and amino acid composition supported structural affinity between query and fungal proteins. Three-dimensional structures of five mushroom proteins were generated, quality assessed, and superimposed with fungal allergens, suggesting possible allergenicity of mushroom proteins. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding in 13 out of 21 food-hypersensitive patients' sera. CONCLUSION In silico tools provide preliminary indications about the potential allergenicity and cross-reactivity of mushroom proteins. This approach may be used for the prelusive allergenicity assessment of allergen sources. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Vashisht
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomicsand Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Naresh Singh
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomicsand Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Akansha Sharma
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomicsand Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomicsand Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shailendra Nath Gaur
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomicsand Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Zhao L, Shi F, Xie Q, Zhang Y, Evivie SE, Li X, Liang S, Chen Q, Xin B, Li B, Huo G. Co-fermented cow milk protein by Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS 1.8701 and Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0386 attenuates its allergic immune response in Balb/c mice. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7190-7202. [PMID: 35879161 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk protein is one of the major food allergens. As an effective processing method, fermentation may reduce the potential allergenicity of allergens. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of co-fermented milk protein using Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS 1.8701 and Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0386 in cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) management. This study determined the secondary and tertiary structures of the fermented versus unfermented proteins by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and surface hydrophobicity to evaluate its conformational changes. Our results showed that different fermentation methods have significantly altered the conformational structures of the cow milk protein, especially the tertiary structure. Further, the potential allergenicity of the fermented cow milk protein was assessed in Balb/c mice, and mice treated with the unfermented milk and phosphate-buffered saline were used as a control. We observed a significant reduction in allergenicity via the results of the spleen index, serum total IgE, specific IgE, histamine, and mouse mast cell protease 1 in the mice treated with the co-fermented milk protein. In addition, we analyzed the cytokines and transcription factors expression levels of spleen and jejunum and confirmed that co-fermentation could effectively reduce the sensitization of cow milk protein by regulating the imbalance of T helper (Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17). This study suggested that changes of conformational structure could reduce the potential sensitization of cow milk protein; thus, fermentation may be a promising strategy for developing a method of hypoallergenic dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fengyi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. Ltd., Qiqihaer 164800, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Smith Etareri Evivie
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Xuetong Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shengnan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bowen Xin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
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Rahman M, Baten A, Mauleon R, King GJ, Liu L, Barkla BJ. Identification, characterization and epitope mapping of proteins encoded by putative allergenic napin genes from Brassica rapa. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:848-868. [PMID: 32306538 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica rapeseed crops contain high concentrations of oil in the seed. The remaining meal, following oil extraction, has a high protein content, but is of low value due to the presence of high amounts of napin seed storage proteins. These 2S albumin-like proteins are difficult to digest and have been identified as major allergens in humans. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively characterize the napin gene (NG) family in Brassica rapa and to gain an understanding of the structural basis of allergenicity of the expressed proteins. METHODS To identify candidate napin genes in B rapa, 2S albumin-like napin genes of Arabidopsis thaliana were used as query sequences to search for similarity against the B rapa var. pekinensis Chiifu-401 v2 and the var. trilocularis R-o-18 v1.5 genomes. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and epitope modelling was carried out to determine structural and evolutionary relationships of NGs and their potential allergenicity. RESULTS Four candidate napin genes in R-o-18 and ten in Chiifu-401 were identified with high sequence similarity to A thaliana napin genes. Multiple sequence alignment revealed strong conservation among the candidate genes. An epitope survey indicated high conservation of allergenic epitope motifs with known 2S albumin-like allergens. CONCLUSION Napin is thought to be responsible for a high prevalence of food allergies. Characterization of the napin gene family in B rapa will give important insight into the protein structure, and epitope modelling will help to advance studies into allergenicity including the development of precise diagnostic screenings and therapies for this potential food allergy as well as the possible manipulation of napin levels in the seed by gene editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudur Rahman
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdul Baten
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ramil Mauleon
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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Soto N, Hernández Y, Delgado C, Rosabal Y, Ortiz R, Valencia L, Borrás-Hidalgo O, Pujol M, Enríquez GA. Field Resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Colletotrichum truncatum of Transgenic Soybean Expressing the NmDef02 Plant Defensin Gene. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:562. [PMID: 32528487 PMCID: PMC7264373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fungal diseases lead to significant losses in soybean yields and a decline in seed quality; such is the case of the Asian soybean rust and anthracnose caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Colletotrichum truncatum, respectively. Currently, the development of transgenic plants carrying antifungal defensins offers an alternative for plant protection against pathogens. This paper shows the production of transgenic soybean plants expressing the NmDef02 defensin gene using the biolistic delivery system, in an attempt to improve resistance against diseases and reduce the need for chemicals. Transgenic lines were assessed in field conditions under the natural infections of P. pachyrhizi and C. truncatum. The constitutive expression of the NmDef02 gene in transgenic soybean plants was shown to enhance resistance against these important plant pathogens. The quantification of the P. pachyrhizi biomass in infected soybean leaves revealed significant differences between transgenic lines and the non-transgenic control. In certain transgenic lines there was a strong reduction of fungal biomass, revealing a less severe disease. Integration and expression of the transgenes were confirmed by PCR, Southern blot, and qRT-PCR, where the Def1 line showed a higher relative expression of defensin. It was also found that the expression of the NmDef02 defensin gene in plants of the Def1 line did not have a negative effect on the nodulation induced by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. These results indicate that transgenic soybean plants expressing the NmDef02 defensin gene have a substantially enhanced resistance to economically important diseases, providing a sound environmental approach for decreasing yield losses and lowering the burden of chemicals in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Soto
- Soybean Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Natacha Soto,
| | - Yuniet Hernández
- Soybean Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Celia Delgado
- Soybean Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yamilka Rosabal
- Soybean Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rodobaldo Ortiz
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Laura Valencia
- Soybean Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Orlando Borrás-Hidalgo
- Soybean Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Merardo Pujol
- Soybean Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gil A. Enríquez
- Soybean Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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A Comprehensive Review on Mustard-Induced Allergy and Implications for Human Health. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 57:39-54. [PMID: 29159565 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mustard is widely used in a variety of foods/food products to enhance the flavor and nutritional value that subsequently raise the risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Mustard allergy has been reported for many years and is increasing gradually especially in the areas where its consumption is comparatively higher, and it may be considered among the most important food allergies. A number of relevant clinical studies focused on mustard-induced allergic manifestations are summarized in the current review. In addition, the knowledge regarding the immunological as well as biochemical characteristics of mustard allergens that have been known till date and their cross-reactivity with other food allergens have also been discussed here. Notably, mustard may also be present as a hidden allergen in foods; therefore, it is important to recognize food products that may contain mustard as it may pose potential risk for the allergic individuals. Additionally, the better understanding of the underlying mechanism in mustard allergy is a prerequisite for the development of specific therapeutic procedures. Conclusively, mustard sensitivity should be routinely tested in patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis for the safety of the allergic patients.
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Role of novel synbiotic supplementation on ovalbumin induced allergy model: Impact on immunemodulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bhattacharya K, Sircar G, Dasgupta A, Gupta Bhattacharya S. Spectrum of Allergens and Allergen Biology in India. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:219-237. [PMID: 30056449 DOI: 10.1159/000490805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of allergy and asthma in India has become a major health concern with symptoms ranging from mild rhinitis to severe asthma and even life-threatening anaphylaxis. The "allergen repertoire" of this subcontinent is highly diverse due to the varied climate, flora, and food habits. The proper identification, purification, and molecular characterization of allergy-eliciting molecules are essential in order to facilitate an accurate diagnosis and to design immunotherapeutic vaccines. Although several reports on prevalent allergens are available, most of these studies were based on preliminary detection and identification of the allergens. Only a few of these allergen molecules have been characterized by recombinant technology and structural biology. The present review first describes the composition, distribution pattern, and natural sources of the predominant allergens in India along with the prevalence of sensitization to these allergens across the country. We go on to present a comprehensive report on the biochemical, immunological, and molecular information on the allergens reported so far from India. The review also covers the studies on allergy- related biosafety assessment of transgenic plants. Finally, we discuss the allergen-specific immunotherapy trials performed in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaurab Sircar
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Angira Dasgupta
- Department of Chest Medicine, B.R. Singh Hospital and Centre for Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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Edge MS, Kunkel ME, Schmidt J, Papoutsakis C. 2015 Evidence Analysis Library Systematic Review on Advanced Technology in Food Production. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [PMID: 29526649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the late 20th century, plant breeders began using molecular biology techniques such as recombinant DNA, also known as genetic engineering, along with traditional cross-breeding. Ten plant and one animal food have been approved for commercialization in the United States. Today, foods and ingredients from genetically engineered (GE) crops are present throughout the food supply, which has led to varying levels of acceptance. Much discussion exists among consumers and health professionals about the believability of statements made regarding benefits or risks of GE foods. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence on the association of consumption of GE foods and ingredients derived from them on human health, specifically allergenicity, food safety, pesticide consumption, nutrient adequacy, inflammation, and antibiotic resistance. An expert panel conducted a systematic review on advanced technology in food production. The 30 developed questions focused on effects of human consumption of GE foods and the effects of human consumption of foods containing pesticide residues on human health. Primary research published from 1994 to 2014 were identified using PubMed and Agricultural Online Access databases. Additional studies were identified by searching references of review articles. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Relevant research addressed five of 30 questions. Four questions focused on food allergenicity, the fifth on nutrient adequacy, and all received a Grade III (limited/weak) rating. No human studies addressed 25 questions on the consumption of foods produced using genetic engineering technologies on gene translocation, cancer, food safety, phenotype expression, inflammation and inflammatory markers, or antibiotic resistance. These questions received a Grade V (grade not assignable). Evidence from human studies did not reveal an association between adverse health effects and consumption of foods produced using genetic engineering technologies. Although the number of available human studies is small, they support that there are no clear adverse health effects-as they relate to allergenicity and nutrient adequacy-associated with consumption of GE foods. The present systematic review is aligned with a recent report by the National Academy of Sciences that included human and animal research.
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Sarkar P, Jana K, Sikdar SR. Overexpression of biologically safe Rorippa indica defensin enhances aphid tolerance in Brassica juncea. PLANTA 2017; 246:1029-1044. [PMID: 28770337 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mustard plants ( Brassica juncea ) expressing non-allergenic and biologically safe RiD peptide show higher tolerance against Lipaphis erysimi. Rorippa indica defensin (RiD) has previously been reported as a novel insecticidal protein derived from a wild crucifer Rorippa indica. RiD was found to have an effective insecticidal property against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi. In the present study, RiD was highly upregulated in R. indica during aphid infestation initiating a defense system mediated by jasmonic acid (JA), but not by salicylic acid (SA)/abscisic acid (ABA). RiD has also been assessed for biosafety according to the FAO/WHO guideline (allergenicity of genetically modified foods; Food And Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 2001) and Codex Alimentarius Guideline (Guidelines for the design and implementation of national regulatory food safety assurance programme associated with the use of veterinary drugs in food producing animals. Codex Alimentarius Commission. GL, pp 71-2009, 2009). The purified protein was used to sensitize BALB/c mice and they showed normal histopathology of lung and no elevated IgE level in their sera. As the protein was found to be biologically safe and non-allergenic, it was used to develop transgenic Brassica juncea plants with enhanced aphid tolerance, which is one of the most important oilseed crops and is mostly affected by the devastating pest-L. erysimi. The transgene integration was monitored by Southern hybridization, and the positive B. juncea lines were further analyzed by Western blot, ELISA, immunohistolocalization assays and in planta insect bioassay. Transgenic plants expressing RiD conferred a higher level of tolerance against L. erysimi. All these results demonstrated that RiD is a novel, biologically safe, effective insecticidal agent and B. juncea plants expressing RiD are important components of integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Sarkar
- Division of Plant Biology, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Samir Ranjan Sikdar
- Division of Plant Biology, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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Liu Y, Li Z, Pavase T, Li Z, Liu Y, Wang N. Evaluation of electron beam irradiation to reduce the IgE binding capacity of frozen shrimp tropomyosin. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1251394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liu
- Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- Weihai Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Weihai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tushar Pavase
- Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Weihai Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Weihai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Food Safety Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Fiocchi A, Dahdah L, Riccardi C, Mazzina O, Fierro V. Preacutionary labelling of cross-reactive foods: The case of rapeseed. Asthma Res Pract 2016; 2:13. [PMID: 27965781 PMCID: PMC5142398 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-016-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergic individuals are exposed to unnecessary dietary restrictions due to precautionary food allergy labelling (PFAL). Two forms of PFAL exist: type I identifies the possible presence of allergenic contaminaion in foods ('may content…'), type II indicates as potentially dangerous ingredients or contaminants that do no belong to official list of food allergens. PFAL type II is based on the fear of cross-reactivity with foods belonging to that list. PFAL type II is less known, but may be tempting for the legal offices of food companies, for clinicians in a 'defensive medicine' key, and even for legislators. We identify here a case of PFAL type II, allergy to rapeseed (belonging to the family of Brassicaceae). Increasingly used for their nutritional and nutraceutic value in asthma prevention, rapeseed has been indicated by regulatory authorities in Canada and Europe as potential cross-reactor with mustard. In this review, we provide the elements for a risk assessment of cross-reactivity of rapeseed/mustard allergy in the general population both clinically and from the point of view of the molecular allergy. Three findings emerge: 1. Allergic reactions to rapeseed are exceptional 2. The allergens identified in rapeseed and mustard are similar, but not identical 3. Reactions to rapeseed have never been described in mustard-allergic patients. On the ground of existing evidence, a precautionary labeling for rapeseed as potentially dangerous for patients allergic to mustard is not justified. In the interest of patients with multiple food allergy, PFAL type II must be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fiocchi
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero (DPUO), UOC Allergologia, Rome, Vatican City Italy
| | - Lamia Dahdah
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero (DPUO), UOC Allergologia, Rome, Vatican City Italy
| | - Carla Riccardi
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero (DPUO), UOC Allergologia, Rome, Vatican City Italy
| | - Oscar Mazzina
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero (DPUO), UOC Allergologia, Rome, Vatican City Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fierro
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero (DPUO), UOC Allergologia, Rome, Vatican City Italy
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12
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Delaney B. Safety assessment of foods from genetically modified crops in countries with developing economies. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:132-43. [PMID: 26456807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Population growth particularly in countries with developing economies will result in a need to increase food production by 70% by the year 2050. Biotechnology has been utilized to produce genetically modified (GM) crops for insect and weed control with benefits including increased crop yield and will also be used in emerging countries. A multicomponent safety assessment paradigm has been applied to individual GM crops to determine whether they as safe as foods from non-GM crops. This paper reviews methods to assess the safety of foods from GM crops for safe consumption from the first generation of GM crops. The methods can readily be applied to new products developed within country and this paper will emphasize the concept of data portability; that safety data produced in one geographic location is suitable for safety assessment regardless of where it is utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Delaney
- Global Industry Affairs and Regulatory, DuPont Pioneer, 7100 NW 62nd Avenue, P.O. Box 1004, Johnston, IA 50131, United States.
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13
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Bansal P, Saw S, Govindaraj D, Arora N. Intranasal administration of a combination of choline chloride, vitamin C, and selenium attenuates the allergic effect in a mouse model of airway disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:358-65. [PMID: 24905385 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory allergic disease is an inflammatory condition accompanied by oxidative stress. Supplementation of an anti-inflammatory agent with antioxidants may have a therapeutic effect. In this study, the effects of choline chloride in combination with antioxidants were evaluated via the intranasal route in a mouse model of allergic airway disease. Balb/c mice were sensitized on days 0, 7, and 14 and challenged on days 25-30 with cockroach extract (CE) and with a booster challenge on day 38. They were treated with choline chloride (ChCl; 1mg/kg), vitamin C (Vit C; 308.33 mg/kg), and selenium (Se; 1mg/kg) alone or in combination via the intranasal route on days 31, 33, 35, 37, and 39. The mice were sacrificed on day 40 to collect blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lungs, and spleen. Mice immunized with CE showed a significant increase in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung inflammation, Th2 cytokines, and the oxidative stress markers intracellular reactive oxygen species and 8-isoprostanes compared to the phosphate-buffered saline control group. A significant decrease was observed in these parameters with all the treatments (p<0.01). The highest decrease was noticed in the ChCl+Vit C+Se-treated group, with AHR decreased to the normal level. This group also showed the highest decrease in airway inflammation (p<0.001), IL-4 and IL-5 (p<0.001), IgE and IgG1 (p<0.001), NF-κB (p<0.001), and 8-isoprostane levels (p<0.001). Glutathione peroxidase activity, which was decreased significantly in CE-immunized mice, was restored to normal levels in this group (p<0.001). IL-10 level was decreased in CE-immunized mice and was restored to normal by combination treatment. The combination treatment induced FOXP3(+) cells in splenocyte culture, responsible for the upregulation of IL-10. In conclusion, the combination of choline chloride, vitamin C, and selenium via the intranasal route reduces AHR, inflammation, and oxidative stress, probably by causing IL-10 production by FOXP3(+) cells, and possesses therapeutic potential against allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bansal
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Sanjay Saw
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Dhanapal Govindaraj
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India.
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Protein carbonylation during electron beam irradiation may be responsible for changes in IgE binding to turbot parvalbumin. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Kasera R, Singh AB, Kumar R, Lavasa S, Prasad KN, Arora N. Effect of thermal processing and γ-irradiation on allergenicity of legume proteins. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3456-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Kumari D, Arora N, Kasera R, Sridhara S, Kumar R, Singh BP. Isolation and characterization of a 28kDa major allergen from blackgram (Phaseolus mungo). Immunobiology 2012; 217:895-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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In silico assessment of the potential allergenicity of transgenes used for the development of GM food crops. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1334-9. [PMID: 22361217 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops require allergenicity and toxicity assessment of the novel protein(s) to ensure complete safety to the consumers. These assessments are performed in accordance with the guidelines proposed by Codex (2003) and ICMR (2008). The guidelines recommend sequence homology analysis as a preliminary step towards allergenicity prediction, later in vitro experiments may be performed to confirm allergenicity. In the present study, an in silico approach is employed to evaluate the allergenic potential of six transgenes routinely used for the development of GM food crops. Among the genes studied, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and osmotin shares greater than 90% identity with Hev b 10 and Cap a 1w, respectively. Chitinase shares greater than 70% identity with allergens namely Pers a 1 and Hev b 11, and fungal chitinase showed significant IgE binding with 7 of 75 patients' sera positive to different food extracts. Glucanases (alfalfa, wheat) and glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene share 50% homology with allergens like - Ole e 9, Cla h 10 and Alt a 10. The results demonstrate the allergenic potential of six genes and can serve as a guide for selection of transgenes to develop GM crops.
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Kidney bean: a major sensitizer among legumes in asthma and rhinitis patients from India. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27193. [PMID: 22096535 PMCID: PMC3212544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of IgE mediated food allergies has increased over the last two decades. Food allergy has been reported to be fatal in highly sensitive individuals. Legumes are important food allergens but their prevalence may vary among different populations. The present study identifies sensitization to common legumes among Indian population, characterizes allergens of kidney bean and establishes its cross reactivity with other legumes. Methodology Patients (n = 355) with history of legume allergy were skin prick tested (SPT) with 10 legumes. Specific IgE (sIgE) and total IgE were estimated in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Characterization of kidney bean allergens and their cross reactivity was investigated by immunobiochemical methods. Identification of major allergens of kidney bean was carried out by mass spectrometry. Principal Findings Kidney bean exhibited sensitization in 78 (22.0%) patients followed by chickpea 65 (18.0%) and peanut 53 (15%). SPT positive patients depicted significantly elevated sIgE levels against different legumes (r = 0.85, p<0.0001). Sera from 30 kidney bean sensitive individuals exhibited basophil histamine release (16–54%) which significantly correlated with their SPT (r = 0.83, p<0.0001) and sIgE (r = 0.99, p<0.0001). Kidney bean showed eight major allergens of 58, 50, 45, 42, 40, 37, 34 and 18 kDa on immunoblot and required 67.3±2.51 ng of homologous protein for 50% IgE inhibition. Inhibition assays revealed extensive cross reactivity among kidney bean, peanut, black gram and pigeon pea. nLC-MS/MS analysis identified four allergens of kidney bean showing significant matches with known proteins namely lectin (phytohemagglutinin), phaseolin, alpha-amylase inhibitor precursor and group 3 late embryogenesis abundant protein. Conclusion/Significance Among legumes, kidney bean followed by chick pea and peanut are the major allergic triggers in asthma and rhinitis patients in India. Kidney bean showed eight major allergens and cross reacted with other legumes. A combination of SPT, sIgE and histamine release assay is helpful in allergy diagnosis.
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19
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Kumar S, Verma AK, Misra A, Tripathi A, Chaudhari BP, Prasad R, Jain S, Das M, Dwivedi PD. Allergenic responses of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv chitra) polypeptides in BALB/c mice recognized by bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis patients. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Sharma P, Singh AK, Singh BP, Gaur SN, Arora N. Allergenicity assessment of osmotin, a pathogenesis-related protein, used for transgenic crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9990-9995. [PMID: 21838306 DOI: 10.1021/jf202265d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering can enhance abiotic stress tolerance of plants, thereby increasing productivity. The present study investigates allergenicity of osmotin protein used for developing transgenic crops. Bioinformatic analysis of osmotin was performed using SDAP and Farrp allergen databases. Osmotin was cloned in pET22b+ vector, purified to homogeneity, and analyzed for digestibility, heat stability, and IgE binding using atopic patients' sera. Osmotin showed 40-92% and 48-75% homology with allergens in SDAP and Farrp databases, respectively. These cross-reactive allergens were from apple, tomato, peach, capsicum, kiwi fruit, and cypress. Osmotin was resistant to pepsin digestion and heat treatment at 90 °C for 1 h. Osmotin protein showed dose-dependent inhibition with pooled patients' sera. It showed significant IgE binding with 22 of 117 patients' sera who were sensitized to tomato and apple, thus indicating cross-reactivity among tomato, apple, and osmotin allergens. In conclusion, osmotin was identified as a potential allergen and showed cross-reactivity with tomato and apple allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Sharma
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Delhi, India
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21
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Srivastava D, Singh BP, Arora N, Gaur SN. Clinico-immunologic study on immunotherapy with mixed and single insect allergens. J Clin Immunol 2009; 29:665-73. [PMID: 19533313 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy (IT) is practiced mainly with mixed and single allergen vaccines. But studies are rare with mixed allergen preparations. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to study mix and single insect allergen IT in patients of allergic rhinitis and asthma. METHODS We performed a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of mix and single allergen IT for 1 year in 99 patients of asthma or rhinitis or both. There were two groups, (1) active allergen IT (n = 61) with three subgroups single insect extract (cockroach, housefly, or mosquito) and mix allergen IT (two or three insect extracts) and (2) placebo (n = 38). Clinical (skin reactivity, airway reactivity, and symptom score) and immunological (IgE/IgG4 and IgG1/IgG4 ratio) parameters were assessed at baseline and after 1 year of IT. RESULTS Eighty-five patients completed 1 year of IT. The active allergen IT group patients showed a significant improvement compared to baseline values (p < 0.05) and placebo group patients (p < 0.05) with regard to symptom scores, FEV1 values, and immunological parameters (IgG4). No significant difference was found between mixed and single IT group patients for changes in clinical and immunological parameters. Positive correlation was observed between increase in IgG4 and clinical improvement. The changes in above parameters in placebo group were nonsignificant after 1 year of treatment. CONCLUSION IT with two to three mix extract from the same allergen group is effective for insect hypersensitivity.
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Sudha VT, Arora N, Singh BP. Serine protease activity of Per a 10 augments allergen-induced airway inflammation in a mouse model. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:507-16. [PMID: 19397689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported an immunodominant serine protease allergen (Per a 10) from Periplaneta americana. This study investigates the role of its proteolytic activity in driving the immune responses towards self and other allergens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Groups of Balb/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally and subcutaneously with proteolytically active Per a 10 or inactivated Per a 10 (using aminoethyl benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride) or whole body P. americana extract and subsequently challenged intranasally with the respective antigens. Mice were also sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) alone or co-administered with active or inactive Per a 10. The immune-inflammatory responses were measured by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and cellular infiltration of lungs i.e. eosinophil counts, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), lung histopathology, serum levels of specific-antibodies and levels of Th1/Th2 interleukins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and in spleen cells culture supernatant. RESULTS Mice challenged with active Per a 10/P. americana extract showed a significant airway inflammation demonstrated by enhanced AHR and increased cellular infiltration of lungs as evidenced by high eosinophil counts, EPO activity, IL-4 and IL-5 in BALF. Active Per a 10 also induced a significant proliferation of spleen cells, increased secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 in the spleen cells culture supernatant and systemic production of specific-IgE and IgG1. However, exposure with inactive Per a 10 elicited a low cellular infiltration and systemic antibody production. Exposure to OVA with active Per a 10 demonstrated a significantly high cellular infiltration and production of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, than exposure to OVA alone or with inactive Per a 10. CONCLUSIONS Proteolytic activity of Per a 10 plays an important role in driving the allergic immune response by providing an adjuvant effect, towards self and other potential allergens present in the same microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Sudha
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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23
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Singh AK, Praveen S, Singh BP, Varma A, Arora N. Safety assessment of leaf curl virus resistant tomato developed using viral derived sequences. Transgenic Res 2009; 18:877-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
As genetically modified (GM) foods are starting to intrude in our diet concerns have been expressed regarding GM food safety. These concerns as well as the limitations of the procedures followed in the evaluation of their safety are presented. Animal toxicity studies with certain GM foods have shown that they may toxically affect several organs and systems. The review of these studies should not be conducted separately for each GM food, but according to the effects exerted on certain organs it may help us create a better picture of the possible health effects on human beings. The results of most studies with GM foods indicate that they may cause some common toxic effects such as hepatic, pancreatic, renal, or reproductive effects and may alter the hematological, biochemical, and immunologic parameters. However, many years of research with animals and clinical trials are required for this assessment. The use of recombinant GH or its expression in animals should be re-examined since it has been shown that it increases IGF-1 which may promote cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Dona
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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25
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Singh AK, Singh BP, Prasad GBKS, Gaur SN, Arora N. Safety assessment of bacterial choline oxidase protein introduced in transgenic crops for tolerance against abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:12099-12104. [PMID: 19035641 DOI: 10.1021/jf8027073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified crops have resistance to abiotic stress by introduction of choline oxidase protein. In the present study, the safety of choline oxidase protein derived from Arthrobacter globiformis was assessed for toxicity and allergenicity. The protein was stable at 90 degrees C for 1 h. Toxicity studies of choline oxidase in mice showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) from control in terms of growth, body weight, food consumption, and blood biochemical indices. Histology of gut tissue of mice fed protein showed normal gastric mucosal lining and villi in jejunum and ileum sections. Specific IgE in serum and IL-4 release in splenic culture supernatant were low in choline oxidase treated mice, comparable to control. Intravenous challenge with choline oxidase did not induce any adverse reaction, unlike ovalbumin group mice. Histology of lung tissues from choline oxidase sensitized mice showed normal airways, whereas ovalbumin-sensitized mice showed inflamed airways with eosinophilic infiltration and bronchoconstriction. ELISA carried out with food allergic patients' sera revealed no significant IgE affinity with choline oxidase. Also, choline oxidase did not show any symptoms of toxicity and allergenicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinav K Singh
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Delhi, India
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26
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Tripathi P, Singh BP, Arora N. Mutated glutathione-S-transferase reduced airway inflammation by limiting oxidative stress and Th2 response. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:1413-9. [PMID: 18786635 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor in the pathogenesis of asthma. Furthermore, antioxidants like GST are reduced in asthma patients. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of exogenous GST and mGST were evaluated in a mice model. GST mutated at residues 21/27 has reduced IgE binding with similar enzyme activity as that of GST. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of GST, BALB/c mice were immunized and challenged with ovalbumin. Mice were given GST, mGST, and alpha-lipoic acid by inhalation and sacrificed on Day 31 to evaluate inflammation and oxidative stress. Mice treated with mGST showed significantly reduced total cell count (P<0.01) and eosinophils (P<0.01) in BALF compared to GST- or PBS-treated groups. The lung inflammation score was lowest for the mGST-treated group along with reduced IL-4 (P<0.01) and OVA-specific IgE than other groups. Oxidative stress as per the lipid peroxidation level in BALF of mGST-treated mice was reduced significantly in comparison to PBS- or GST-treated mice. In conclusion, inhalation of mGST reduced airway inflammation in mice. Mutated GST with reduced allergenicity has better therapeutic potential and can be explored as an adjunct therapy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
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27
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Should genetically modified foods be abandoned on the basis of allergenicity? Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:341-6. [PMID: 18488210 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Srivastava D, Singh BP, Sudha VT, Arora N, Gaur SN. Immunotherapy with mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) extract: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 99:273-80. [PMID: 17910332 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito allergy is well established, but mosquito immunotherapy requires validation using clinical and immunologic variables. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of specific immunotherapy with Culex quinquefasciatus (mosquito) extract. METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of immunotherapy for 1 year in 40 patients with asthma, rhinitis, or both. Patients were evaluated by means of intradermal testing, symptom and drug scores, and histamine provocation testing before and after 1 year of immunotherapy. Mosquito specific IgE and IgG subclass antibody responses were evaluated at the basal level and after 1 year. RESULTS Patients receiving allergen immunotherapy for 1 year showed a significant improvement compared with baseline and patients receiving placebo regarding skin reactions, symptom scores (rhinitis and asthma), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Provocation concentration of histamine that caused a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 20% by inhalation was elevated in the group receiving immunotherapy. In the active group serologic analysis showed a slight reduction in IgE levels (P = .02) but a significant elevation in IgG4 levels (P = .001), with a significant decrease in the IgE/IgG4 ratio (P = .001). All these changes in the placebo group were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Allergen immunotherapy with mosquito extract was well tolerated, with improvement in symptoms and airway reactivity. Good clinical outcome was associated with increased IgG4 antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepsikha Srivastava
- Allergy and Immunology Sections, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Jiang B, Qu H, Hu Y, Ni T, Lin Z. Computational analysis of the relationship between allergenicity and digestibility of allergenic proteins in simulated gastric fluid. BMC Bioinformatics 2007; 8:375. [PMID: 17922925 PMCID: PMC2099448 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-8-375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) food, with regard to allergenic potential of transgene-encoded xenoproteins, typically involves several different methods, evaluation by digestibility being one thereof. However, there are still debates about whether the allergenicity of food allergens is related to their resistance to digestion by the gastric fluid. The disagreements may in part stem from classification of allergens only by their sources, which we believe is inadequate, and the difficulties in achieving identical experimental conditions for studying digestion by simulated gastric fluid (SGF) so that results can be compared. Here, we reclassify allergenic food allergens into alimentary canal-sensitized (ACS) and non-alimentary canal-sensitized (NACS) allergens and use a computational model that simulates gastric fluid digestion to analyze the digestibilities of these two types. Results The model presented in this paper is as effective as SGF digestion experiments, but more stable and reproducible. On the basis of this model, food allergens are satisfactorily classified as ACS and NACS types by their pathways for sensitization; the former are relatively resistant to gastric fluid digestion while the later are relatively labile. Conclusion The results suggest that it is better to classify allergens into ACS and NACS types when understanding the relationship between their digestibility and allergenicity and the digestibility of a target foreign protein is a parameter for evaluating its allergenicity during safety assessments of GM food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, National Lab of Protein Engineering and Genetic Engineering of Plants, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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30
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Schein CH, Ivanciuc O, Braun W. Bioinformatics approaches to classifying allergens and predicting cross-reactivity. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2007; 27:1-27. [PMID: 17276876 PMCID: PMC1941676 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergenic proteins from very different environmental sources have similar sequences and structures. This fact may account for multiple allergen syndromes, whereby a myriad of diverse plants and foods may induce a similar IgE-based reaction in certain patients. Identifying the common triggering protein in these sources, in silico, can aid designing individualized therapy for allergen sufferers. This article provides an overview of databases on allergenic proteins, and ways to identify common proteins that may be the cause of multiple allergy syndromes. The major emphasis is on the relational Structural Database of Allergenic Proteins (SDAP []), which includes cross-referenced data on the sequence, structure, and IgE epitopes of over 800 allergenic proteins, coupled with specially developed bioinformatics tools to group all allergens and identify discrete areas that may account for cross-reactivity. SDAP is freely available on the Web to clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H. Schein
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston TX 77555-0857
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston TX 77555-0857
| | - Ovidiu Ivanciuc
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston TX 77555-0857
| | - Werner Braun
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston TX 77555-0857
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Abstract
AIM: To study the significance of serum anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgA in patients with hepatitis E.
METHODS: A new method was established to assay anti-HEV IgA, which could be detected in the middle phase of the infection. We compared anti-HEV IgA assay with anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG assay in sera from 60 patients with positive HEV-RNA.
RESULTS: The 60 patients with positive HEV-RNA had both anti-HEV IgA and anti-HEV IgM and 410 patients with negative HEV-RNA were used as control. Periodic serum samples obtained from 60 patients with hepatitis E were tested for HEV RNA, anti-HEV IgM, anti-HEV IgA and anti-HEV IgG. Their HEV-RNA was detectable in the serum until 20 ± 11 d. We used anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgA assay to detect HEV infection and positive results were found in 90 ± 15 d and 120 ± 23 d respectively, the positive rate of anti-HEV IgA was higher than that of anti-HEV IgM and HEV-RNA (P <0.05).
CONCLUSION: The duration of anti-HEV IgA in serum is longer than that of anti-HEV IgM, and anti-HEV IgA assay is a good method to detect HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ying Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Provice, China.
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