1
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Lu J, Dong L, Zhang L, Guo Y, Liu H, Liu Y. Analysis of risk factors for acute kidney injury in children with severe wasp stings. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1927-1935. [PMID: 38196017 PMCID: PMC11026182 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in children with sepsis, chronic kidney disease, poisoning or other conditions. Wasp stings are recognized as an important etiology. Several retrospective studies have investigated AKI after wasp stings in adults, but research on children remains limited. METHODS The study included 48 children with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after wasp stings. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, management and clinical outcomes were collected, and analyzed to identify early indicators or risk factors for AKI. RESULTS 20 children (41.7%) developed AKI, and 28 (58.3%) did not. Serum creatine levels elevated mostly within 24 h from stings in children with AKI (16/20, 80%). Compared with non-AKI group, AKI group exhibited more cases with cola-colored urine, jaundice, and had higher sting numbers/body surface area (BSA) and higher revised sequential organ failure assessment scores (rSOFA) as well as higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK), and longer prothrombin time (PT). Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis identified cola-colored urine as a potential early risk factor for AKI. CONCLUSIONS The AKI group exhibited higher sting numbers/BSA, higher levels of CRP, ALT, AST, TBIL, LDH, cTnI, and CK, as well as longer PT (p < 0.05). Our findings also suggest that cola-colored urine may serve as an early indicator or potential risk factor for AKI after wasp stings in children, which is very easy to identify for first aiders or pediatricians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqun Dong
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yannan Guo
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China.
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University HospitalSichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China.
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University HospitalSichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Kelly K, Grose P. Horsefly (genus Tabanus) bite: allergy or infection? BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253641. [PMID: 36750307 PMCID: PMC9906248 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Summer heatwaves are often associated with increased reports of insect bites as people enjoy spending time outdoors. The horsefly (genus Tabanus), or 'cleg' as it is colloquially known, often receives negative publicity due to peak activity in summer. Following an increase in local hospital presentations due to complications of bites, discussion among colleagues suggested a lack of knowledge regarding best management.We present a case of a woman in her 30s with a large erythematous swelling on her thigh following a suspected horsefly bite. Review revealed no clinical evidence of sepsis but a localised inflammatory response. Inflammatory markers were normal and she was treated with intravenous antibiotics and oral antihistamines to good effect.This case highlights secondary care presentation of a common condition and discusses potential complications, pathogenesis and uncertainties around best practice guidelines for treatment. We highlight strategies to aid antibiotic stewardship, reduce complications and secondary care presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Grose
- General Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Wangorsch A, Scheurer S, Blanca M, Blanca-Lopez N, Somoza ML, Martín-Pedraza L. Allergenic Properties and Molecular Characteristics of PR-1 Proteins. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:824717. [PMID: 35386656 PMCID: PMC8974740 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.824717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a small fraction of proteins in plants and animals are classified as allergens. The allergenic properties are frequently attributed to certain functional characteristics of the proteins, such as a role in the plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress, to achieve the systematic acquired resistance. In line with this, eight members out of 17 functional pathogenesis-related (PR) protein families have been characterized as allergens. The present review summarizes the molecular features and allergenic significance of allergens of the PR-1 family. Not many allergens have been identified as belonging to this protein family, with most of them having a pollen origin, like mugwort or Bermuda grass. Molecular and structural features of allergenic PR-1 proteins are discussed and attributed to their IgE-reactive properties, clinical manifestation, and cross-reactivity among different foods and inhalants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Blanca
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Martín-Pedraza
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Laura Martín-Pedraza
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4
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lou H, Wang C, Ni M, Yu D, Zhang L, Kang L. Hexamerin-2 Protein of Locust as a Novel Allergen in Occupational Allergy. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:145-155. [PMID: 35140476 PMCID: PMC8818979 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s348825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ni
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Kang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Le Kang, College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China, Email ; Luo Zhang, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 17, Hougou Hutong, Dongcheng Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, District, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China, Email
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5
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Insect hypersensitivity beyond bee and wasp venom allergy. Allergol Select 2020; 4:97-104. [PMID: 33275648 PMCID: PMC7709451 DOI: 10.5414/alx02123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bites of blood-feeding insects regularly induce sensitization to salivary proteins and cause local hypersensitivity reactions in over 90% of the population, representing either an IgE-mediated immediate wheal and flare reaction or a T cell-driven delayed papule. Long-lasting large local reactions and bullous reactions may cause significant discomfort and reduction in quality-of-life. Anaphylaxis is rarely reported though proven for several insects, above all mosquitoes, horse flies, and kissing bugs. Recently, salivary gland proteins have been thoroughly studied in some blood-feeding insect species, and several allergens have been identified. Interestingly, many of them belong to the same protein families as the well-known honeybee and wasp venom allergens (phospholipases, hyaluronidases, antigens 5, serine proteases) though sequence identities are mostly low. There is still insufficient evidence for the proposed cross-reactivity between salivary proteins from blood-feeding insects and Hymenoptera venom allergens.
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7
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Blank S, Bazon ML, Grosch J, Schmidt-Weber CB, Brochetto-Braga MR, Bilò MB, Jakob T. Antigen 5 Allergens of Hymenoptera Venoms and Their Role in Diagnosis and Therapy of Venom Allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:58. [PMID: 32647993 PMCID: PMC7347709 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stings of Hymenoptera of the superfamily Vespoidea such as yellow jackets, paper wasps or stinging ants are common triggers for severe and even fatal allergic reactions. Antigen 5 allergens are potent allergens in the majority of these venoms with major importance for diagnosis and therapy. Reviewed here are the characteristics of antigen 5 allergens, their role in component-resolved diagnostics as well as current limitations of the available diagnostics for proper therapeutic decisions. RECENT FINDINGS Antigens 5 are proteins of unknown function in Hymenoptera venoms with high allergenic potency. They represent key elements in component-resolved diagnosis to discriminate between honeybee and vespid venom allergy. However, due to their pronounced cross-reactivity, there are remaining diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that have to be addressed. Antigens 5 are highly relevant venom allergens of the Vespoidea superfamily. Although their use in component-resolved diagnosis facilitates dissection of cross-reactivity and primary allergy in double sensitization to honeybee and vespid venom, new diagnostic concepts are needed to discriminate between allergies to different vespid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany.
| | - Murilo Luiz Bazon
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Biosciences Institute, Sao Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johannes Grosch
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Technical University of Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Munich, Germany
| | - Márcia Regina Brochetto-Braga
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Biosciences Institute, Sao Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatrice Bilò
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Ancona and Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ancona, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Experimental Dermatology and Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
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8
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Whyte AF, Popescu FD, Carlson J. Tabanidae insect (horsefly and deerfly) allergy in humans: A review of the literature. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:886-893. [PMID: 32512632 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Allergy to insects of the family Tabanidae (order Diptera), commonly called horseflies or deerflies, is anecdotally common, although the published literature is limited to case reports and small case series. This review summarizes the available literature, in which there is enormous variability in clinical detail, identification of species or even genus, and means and thoroughness of assessment of sensitization. The clinical utility of in vivo and in vitro assays remains unclear. Investigation and management of patients reporting anaphylaxis to suspected bites must therefore be pragmatic, by considering other insects (eg Hymenoptera), provision of a written action plan and self-injectable adrenaline if appropriate, and advice on avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Whyte
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Florin-Dan Popescu
- Department of Allergology, "Nicolae Malaxa" Clinical Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - John Carlson
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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9
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Miyake Y, Yamasaki S. Immune Recognition of Pathogen-Derived Glycolipids Through Mincle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:31-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Korošec P, Jakob T, Harb H, Heddle R, Karabus S, de Lima Zollner R, Selb J, Thong BYH, Zaitoun F, Golden DBK, Levin M. Worldwide perspectives on venom allergy. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100067. [PMID: 31700565 PMCID: PMC6829763 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Venom immunotherapy is the standard of care for people with severe reactions and has been proven to reduce risk of future anaphylactic events. There is a moral imperative to ensure production, supply and worldwide availability of locally relevant, registered, standardized commercial venom extracts for diagnosis and treatment. Insects causing severe immediate allergic reactions vary by region worldwide. The most common culprits include honeybees (Apis mellifera), social wasps including yellow jackets (Vespula and Dolichovespula), paper wasps (Polistes) and hornets (Vespa), stinging ants (Solenopsis, Myrmecia, Pachycondyla, and Pogonomyrmex), and bumblebees (Bombus). Insects with importance in specific areas of the world include the Australian tick (Ixodes holocyclus), the kissing bug (Triatoma spp), horseflies (Tabanus spp), and mosquitoes (Aedes, Culex, Anopheles). Reliable access to high quality venom immunotherapy to locally relevant allergens is not available throughout the world. Many current commercially available therapeutic vaccines have deficiencies, are not suitable for, or are unavailable in vast areas of the globe. New products are required to replace products that are unstandardized or inadequate, particularly whole-body extract products. New products are required for insects in which no current treatment options exist. Venom immunotherapy should be promoted throughout the world and the provision thereof be supported by health authorities, regulatory authorities and all sectors of the health care service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Korošec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Department of Dermatoloy and Allergy, University Medical Center Giessen UKGM, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Harfi Harb
- National Center of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sarah Karabus
- Division of Paediatric Allergy, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ricardo de Lima Zollner
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Julij Selb
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Bernard Yu-Hor Thong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - David B K Golden
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Division of Paediatric Allergy, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Serum Metabolomics Analysis in Wasp Sting Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5631372. [PMID: 30671459 PMCID: PMC6323449 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5631372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the dynamic changes of serum metabolomics in wasp sting victims, we collected serum from 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients who had been stung 3 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours before sample collection. We analyzed the metabolomics by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) techniques and then performed enrichment analysis. A total of 838 metabolites were identified. Serum metabolomics analysis using MetaboAnalyst revealed 289 metabolites that were significantly different among patients in the 3-hour group versus healthy controls (P<0.001). Pathway analysis of those metabolites indicated that those metabolic sets were associated with sphingolipid metabolism. Based on the differences among the control, 3-hour, 24-hour, and 72-hour groups, we classified serum metabolites into different categories. The first and second categories included 297 and 280 metabolites that were significantly different in terms of concentration among healthy controls versus the participants whose sera were analyzed 3 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours after wasp stings. Pathway analysis of those metabolites indicated that those metabolic sets were associated with thiamine metabolism. The third category included 269 significant metabolites. The fourth category included 28 significant metabolites. Pathway analysis of the metabolites in third and fourth categories indicated that those metabolic sets were associated with phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. The fifth category included 31 metabolites, which were not significantly different between the control and 3-hour groups but were higher in concentration in the 24-hour and 72-hour groups. Pathway analysis of the fifth category of significant metabolites identified linoleic acid metabolism. In conclusion, multiple metabolic pathways are associated with wasp stings, and these might provide a basis for exploring mechanisms of wasp sting injury and potential targets for therapy.
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12
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Biopanning of allergens from wasp sting patients. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181113. [PMID: 30249752 PMCID: PMC6200702 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Wasp venom is a potentially important natural drug, but it can cause hypersensitivity reactions. The purpose of the present study was to systematically study the epitopes of wasp venom. Methods: Using a random 12-peptide phage library, we performed antibody-binding epitope panning on ten serum samples from wasp sting victims at 3 h and 4 days after the sting. The panning epitopes were identified by high-throughput sequencing and matched with wasp venom proteins by BLAST. The panned antibody-binding epitopes were verified by ELISA. Results: A total of 35 specific potential wasp venom epitopes in 4 days were identified. Amongst them, twelve peptide epitopes were matched with nine wasp venom proteins, namely, vitellogenin precursor, hexamerin 70b precursor, venom carboxylesterase-6 precursor, MRJP5, major royal jelly protein 8 precursor, venom acid phosphatase Acph-1 precursor, phospholipase A2, venom serine protease 34 precursor, and major royal jelly protein 9 precursor. The changes in serum IgM antibodies induced by wasp venom were confirmed by ELISA based on the 12 peptide epitopes. Conclusion: The nine wasp venom proteins are potential allergens, which should be excluded or modified in the potential biomedical applications of wasp venom.
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13
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Drukewitz SH, Fuhrmann N, Undheim EAB, Blanke A, Giribaldi J, Mary R, Laconde G, Dutertre S, von Reumont BM. A Dipteran's Novel Sucker Punch: Evolution of Arthropod Atypical Venom with a Neurotoxic Component in Robber Flies (Asilidae, Diptera). Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E29. [PMID: 29303983 PMCID: PMC5793116 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Predatory robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae) have been suspected to be venomous due to their ability to overpower well-defended prey. However, details of their venom composition and toxin arsenal remained unknown. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of the venom system of robber flies through the application of comparative transcriptomics, proteomics and functional morphology. Our results reveal asilid venoms to be dominated by peptides and non-enzymatic proteins, and that the majority of components in the crude venom is represented by just ten toxin families, which we have named Asilidin1-10. Contrary to what might be expected for a liquid-feeding predator, the venoms of robber flies appear to be rich in novel peptides, rather than enzymes with a putative pre-digestive role. The novelty of these peptides suggests that the robber fly venom system evolved independently from hematophagous dipterans and other pancrustaceans. Indeed, six Asilidins match no other venom proteins, while three represent known examples of peptide scaffolds convergently recruited to a toxic function. Of these, members of Asilidin1 closely resemble cysteine inhibitor knot peptides (ICK), of which neurotoxic variants occur in cone snails, assassin bugs, scorpions and spiders. Synthesis of one of these putative ICKs, U-Asilidin₁-Mar1a, followed by toxicity assays against an ecologically relevant prey model revealed that one of these likely plays a role as a neurotoxin involved in the immobilization of prey. Our results are fundamental to address these insights further and to understand processes that drive venom evolution in dipterans as well as other arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nico Fuhrmann
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany.
| | - Eivind A B Undheim
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Alexander Blanke
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
- Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Julien Giribaldi
- Institute for Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier-CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Rosanna Mary
- Institute for Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier-CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Guillaume Laconde
- Institute for Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier-CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Sébastien Dutertre
- Institute for Biomolecules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier-CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Björn Marcus von Reumont
- Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstr. 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, UK.
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14
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Volfova V, Tothova V, Volf P. Hyaluronidase activity in the salivary glands of tabanid flies. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 73:38-46. [PMID: 27045753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tabanids are haematophagous insects that act as biological and mechanical vectors of various diseases, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. The saliva of these insects contains strong anticoagulant and vasodilatory activities as well as immunoregulatory peptides. Here we demonstrate pronounced hyaluronidase (hyase) activity in ten tabanid species of the genera Chrysops, Haematopota, Hybomitra and Tabanus. Compared to other haematophagous insects, the ability of tabanid hyases to hydrolyze hyaluronic acid (HA) is extremely high, for example the enzyme activity of Hybomitra muehlfeldi was found to be 32-fold higher than the salivary hyase activity of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi. Hyases of all ten tabanid species tested also cleaved chondroitin sulfate A, another glycosaminoglycan present in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates. The pH optimum of the enzyme activity was measured in eight tabanid species; the hyase of Haemopota pluvialis was the only one with optimum at pH 4.0, while in the other seven species the activity optimum was at 5.0. SDS PAGE zymography showed the monomeric character of the enzymes in all tabanid species tested. Under non-reducing conditions the activities were visible as single bands with estimated MW between 35 and 52 kDa. The very high hyaluronidase activity in tabanid saliva might be related to their aggressive biting behavior as well as to their high efficiency as mechanical vectors. As they are supposedly involved in the enlargement of feeding hematomas, hyases might contribute to the mechanical transmission of pathogens. Pathogens present in vector mouthparts are co-inoculated into the vertebrate host together with saliva and may benefit from increased tissue permeability and the immunomodulatory activity of the salivary hyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Volfova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech republic
| | - Viktorie Tothova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech republic.
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Fang Y, Long C, Bai X, Liu W, Rong M, Lai R, An S. Two new types of allergens from the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Allergy 2015; 70:1674-8. [PMID: 26361742 DOI: 10.1111/all.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Periplaneta americana cockroach is an important source of inhalant indoor allergen resource, and there are more than twenty IgE-binding components identified in P. americana, but only nine allergens were characterized. Our knowledge about cockroach allergens remains poor. In this work, two novel allergen proteins Per a 11 (alpha-amylase) and Per a 12 (chitinase) with molecular weight around 55 and 45 kDa, respectively, were purified and characterized from the midgut of cockroaches. Their primary sequences were determined by Edman degradation, mass spectrometry, and cDNA cloning. Sera from 39 and 30 of 47 (83.0% and 63.8%) patients reacted to Per a 11 and Per a 12 on immunoblots, respectively. The allergenicity of Per a 11 and Per a 12 was further confirmed by competitive ELISA, basophil activation test (BAT), and skin prick test (SPT). They appear to be of importance for the allergic reactions induced by cockroach and have a potential for component-based diagnosis of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Kunming Yunnan China
| | - C. Long
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Kunming Yunnan China
| | - X. Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Kunming Yunnan China
| | - W. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Kunming Yunnan China
| | - M. Rong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Kunming Yunnan China
| | - R. Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Kunming Yunnan China
- Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Joint Laboratory of Natural peptide; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China and Kunming Institute of Zoology; Yunnan China
| | - S. An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Kunming Yunnan China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Yunnan China
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Wei L, Huang C, Yang H, Li M, Yang J, Qiao X, Mu L, Xiong F, Wu J, Xu W. A potent anti-inflammatory peptide from the salivary glands of horsefly. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:556. [PMID: 26496724 PMCID: PMC4619319 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A diverse group of physiologically active peptides/proteins are present in the salivary glands of horsefly Tabanus yao (Diptera, Tabanidae) that facilitate acquisition of blood meal. However, their roles in the regulation of local inflammation remains poorly understood. Methods Induction expression profiles of immune-related molecules in the salivary glands of T. yao was analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) after bacterial feeding. A significantly up-regulated molecule (cecropin-TY1) was selected for anti-inflammatory assay in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The transcription levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantified by qPCR. Nitric oxide (NO) production was determined by Griess reagent. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The inflammatory signals were assayed by Western blotting analysis. The secondary structure of cecropin-TY1 was measured by Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Interaction of cecropin-TY1 with LPS was evaluated by the dissociation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated LPS aggregates and neutralization of LPS determined by a quantitative Chromogenic End-point Tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) assay kit. Homology modeled structure analysis and mutation of key residues/structures were performed to understand its structure-activity relationship. Results Cecropin-TY1 was demonstrated to possess high anti-inflammatory activity and low cytotoxicity toward mouse macrophages. In LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophage, addition of cecropin-TY1 significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further study revealed that cecropin-TY1 inhibited inflammatory cytokine production by blocking activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcriptional nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signals. Cecropin-TY1 even interacted with LPS and neutralized LPS. The secondary structure analysis revealed that cecropin-TY1 adopted unordered structures in hydrophobic environment but converted to α-helical confirmation in membrane mimetic environments. Homology modeled structure analysis demonstrated that cecropin-TY1 adopted two α-helices (Leu3-Thr24, Ile27-Leu38) linked by a hinge (Leu25-Pro26) and the structure surface was partly positively charged. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that several key residues/structures are crucial for its anti-inflammatory activity including α-helices, aromatic residue Trp2, positively charged residues Lys and Arg, hinge residue Pro26 and N-terminal amidation. Conclusions We found a novel anti-inflammatory function of horsefly-derived cecropin-TY1 peptide, laying groundwork for better understanding the ectoparasite-host interaction of horsefly with host and highlighting its potency in anti-inflammatory therapy for sepsis and endotoxin shock caused by Gram-negative bacterial infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1149-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chunjing Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hailong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Juanjuan Yang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
| | - Xue Qiao
- Institute of Marine Biological Technology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lixian Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Bordon KCF, Wiezel GA, Amorim FG, Arantes EC. Arthropod venom Hyaluronidases: biochemical properties and potential applications in medicine and biotechnology. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:43. [PMID: 26500679 PMCID: PMC4619011 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidases are enzymes that mainly degrade hyaluronan, the major glycosaminoglycan of the interstitial matrix. They are involved in several pathological and physiological activities including fertilization, wound healing, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, diffusion of toxins and drugs, metastasis, pneumonia, sepsis, bacteremia, meningitis, inflammation and allergy, among others. Hyaluronidases are widely distributed in nature and the enzymes from mammalian spermatozoa, lysosomes and animal venoms belong to the subclass EC 3.2.1.35. To date, only five three-dimensional structures for arthropod venom hyaluronidases (Apis mellifera and Vespula vulgaris) were determined. Additionally, there are four molecular models for hyaluronidases from Mesobuthus martensii, Polybia paulista and Tityus serrulatus venoms. These enzymes are employed as adjuvants to increase the absorption and dispersion of other drugs and have been used in various off-label clinical conditions to reduce tissue edema. Moreover, a PEGylated form of a recombinant human hyaluronidase is currently under clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. This review focuses on the arthropod venom hyaluronidases and provides an overview of their biochemical properties, role in the envenoming, structure/activity relationship, and potential medical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C F Bordon
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
| | - Gisele A. Wiezel
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. Amorim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
| | - Eliane C. Arantes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
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Ribeiro JMC, Kazimirova M, Takac P, Andersen JF, Francischetti IMB. An insight into the sialome of the horse fly, Tabanus bromius. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 65:83-90. [PMID: 26369729 PMCID: PMC4646416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood feeding animals face their host's defenses against tissue injury and blood loss while attempting to feed. One adaptation to surmount these barriers involves the evolution of a salivary potion that disarms their host's inflammatory and anti-hemostatic processes. The composition of the peptide moiety of this potion, or sialome (from the Greek sialo = saliva), can be deducted in part by proper interpretation of the blood feeder' sialotranscriptome. In this work we disclose the sialome of the blood feeding adult female Tabanus bromius. Following assembly of over 75 million Illumina reads (101 nt long) 16,683 contigs were obtained from which 4078 coding sequences were extracted. From these, 320 were assigned as coding for putative secreted proteins. These 320 contigs mapped 85% of the reads. The antigen-5 proteins family was studied in detail, indicating three Tabanus specific clades with and without disintegrin domains, as well as with and without leukotriene binding domains. Defensins were also detailed; a clade of salivary tabanid peptides was found lacking the propeptide domain ending in the KR dipeptide signaling furin cleavage. Novel protein families were also disclosed. Viral transcripts were identified closely matching the Kotonkan virus capsid proteins. Full length Mariner transposases were also identified. A total of 3043 coding sequences and their protein products were deposited in Genbank. Hyperlinked excel spreadsheets containing the coding sequences and their annotation are available at http://exon.niaid.nih.gov/transcriptome/T_bromius/Tbromius-web.xlsx (hyperlinked excel spreadsheet, 11 MB) and http://exon.niaid.nih.gov/transcriptome/T_bromius/Tbromius-SA.zip (Standalone excel with all local links, 360 MB). These sequences provide for a platform from which further proteomic studies may be designed to identify salivary proteins from T. bromius that are of pharmacological interest or used as immunological markers of host exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M C Ribeiro
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Maryland 20852, USA.
| | - Maria Kazimirova
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Takac
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - John F Andersen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Ivo M B Francischetti
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Maryland 20852, USA
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20
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Hilger C, Kuehn A, Raulf M, Jakob T. Allergien auf Schaben, Zecken, Vorratsmilben und andere Gliederfüßer: Wie weit ist die molekulare Allergiediagnostik? ALLERGO JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-014-0649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Cockroach, tick, storage mite and other arthropod allergies: Where do we stand with molecular allergy diagnostics?: Part 15 of the Series Molecular Allergology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:172-178. [PMID: 26146603 PMCID: PMC4484749 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-014-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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An S, Shen C, Liu X, Chen L, Xu X, Rong M, Liu Z, Lai R. Alpha-actinin is a new type of house dust mite allergen. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81377. [PMID: 24324688 PMCID: PMC3855699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Main indoor allergens for humans are from house dust mites. There are more than 30 allergens in Dermatophagoides farinae but only fourteen allergens have been identified from this mite including Der f 1–3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13–18, and 22. A native allergen protein (Der f 24, 90 kDa) was purified from D. farinae by gel filtration and anionic exchange liquid chromatography combined with IgE immunodetection. Its primary structure was determined by Edman degradation, mass spectrometry analysis and cDNA cloning. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition tests (ELISA-IT), immunoblots, basophil activation test (BAT) and skin prick test (SPT) were performed to evaluate the allergenicity. It was identified as an alpha (α)-actinin containing a CaM-like domain with EF-hand motifs. Der f 24 reacted to sera from 85.4% (35/41) of patients on western blot analysis. It reduced ∼20% sera IgE reactivity to D. farinae extracts on a competitive ELISA. Eighty percent (8/10) of patients with D. farinae allergy showed positive reactions to Der f 24 in skin prick test. The expression of CD63 on basophils from patients was up-regulated by Der f 24 by ∼5.4-fold. Alpha-actinin was identified as a new type of house dust mite allergen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of α-actinin as an allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingqiang Rong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (MR); (ZL); (RL)
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (MR); (ZL); (RL)
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (MR); (ZL); (RL)
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An S, Chen L, Long C, Liu X, Xu X, Lu X, Rong M, Liu Z, Lai R. Dermatophagoides farinae allergens diversity identification by proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1818-28. [PMID: 23481662 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.027136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important indoor allergens for humans are house dust mites (HDM). Fourteen Dermatophagoides farinae allergens (Der f 1-3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13-18, and 22) are reported although more than 30 allergens have been estimated in D. farinae. Seventeen allergens belonging to 12 different groups were identified by a procedure of proteomics combined with two-dimensional immunoblotting from D. farina extracts. Their sequences were determined by Edman degradation, mass spectrometry analysis, and cDNA cloning. Their allergenicities were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition tests, immunoblots, basophil activation test, and skin prick tests. Eight of them are the first report as D. farinae allergens. The procedure of using a proteomic approach combined with a purely discovery approach using sera of patients with broad IgE reactivity profiles to mite allergens was an effective method to investigate a more complete repertoire of D. farinae allergens. The identification of eight new D. farinae allergens will be helpful for HDM allergy diagnosis and therapy, especially for patients without response for HDM major allergens. In addition, the current work significantly extendedthe repertoire of D. farinae allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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An S, Chen L, Wei JF, Yang X, Ma D, Xu X, Xu X, He S, Lu J, Lai R. Purification and characterization of two new allergens from the venom of Vespa magnifica. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31920. [PMID: 22384100 PMCID: PMC3288059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to poor diagnostic facilities and a lack of medical alertness, allergy to Vespa wasps may be underestimated. Few allergens have been identified from Vespa wasps. Possible native allergen proteins were purified from the wasp venoms (WV) (Vespa magnifica Smith) by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, respectively. Their sequences were determined by Edman degradation and cDNA cloning. Their allergenicities were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition tests (ELISA-IT), immunoblots, and skin prick tests (SPTs). Their cross allergencities with Tab y 2 and Tab y 5 purified from the horsefly (Tabanus yao Macquart) were also determined. Two native allergens were identified from the WV, respectively. They are a 25-KDa antigen 5 protein (Ag5) (Vesp ma 5) and a 35-KDa hyaluronidase (Vesp ma 2). They represented major allergens in Vespa magnifica by immunoblots and SPTs. ELISA inhibition of pooled sera IgE reactivity to both the WV and the horsefly salivary gland extracts (HSGE) using four purified allergens (Vesp ma 2, Vesp ma 5 and previously purified Tab y 2 and Tab y 5) was significant. Their cross allergenicities were confirmed by ELISA-IT, immunoblots, and SPTs. They represented the cross reactive allergens from wasp and horsefly and proved the so called wasp-horsefly syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su An
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Clinical Laboratory and the Otolaryngological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuening Yang
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Ma
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Clinical Laboratory and the Otolaryngological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaoheng He
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (JL); (SH)
| | - Jia Lu
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (JL); (SH)
| | - Ren Lai
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (JL); (SH)
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An S, Ma D, Wei JF, Yang X, Yang HW, Yang H, Xu X, He S, Lai R. A novel allergen Tab y 1 with inhibitory activity of platelet aggregation from salivary glands of horseflies. Allergy 2011; 66:1420-7. [PMID: 21848516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horsefly sting causes allergic reactions in human body. However, our knowledge on horsefly allergens remains poor. OBJECTIVES To identify the novel horsefly allergens and characterize their properties. METHODS A native allergen protein Tab y 1 (apyrase) was purified from the salivary glands of the horsefly Tabanus yao Macquart by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Its sequence was determined by Edman degradation and cDNA cloning. Its allergenicity was assessed by immunoblotting for specific IgE, basophil activation test, skin prick test (SPT), and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Tab y 1 showed a single diffusion band of 70 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Seventy percent (7/10) of patients with horsefly allergy tested positive to Tab y 1 in SPT; sera from 81% (30/37) of patients reacted to Tab y 1 on western blots. Purified Tab y 1 reduced approximately 42% sera IgE reactivity to horsefly salivary gland extract on a competitive ELISA. Tab y 1 upregulated the expression of CD63 and CCR3 on passively sensitized basophils by up to approximately 4.9-fold. Tab y 1 also showed enzymatic activity to hydrolyze ATP and ADP, and potent antiplatelet aggregation and antithrombotic activities. CONCLUSION The current work identified a novel major allergen of horsefly, Tab y 1, with antiplatelet aggregation and antithrombotic activities, which implicates Tab y 1 in helping horseflies suck host blood, meanwhile causing allergy in their human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S An
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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