1
|
Wu MP, Doyle JR, Barry B, Beauvais A, Rozkalne A, Piao X, Lawlor MW, Kopin AS, Walsh CA, Gussoni E. G-protein coupled receptor 56 promotes myoblast fusion through serum response factor- and nuclear factor of activated T-cell-mediated signalling but is not essential for muscle development in vivo. FEBS J 2013; 280:6097-113. [PMID: 24102982 PMCID: PMC3877849 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian muscle cell differentiation is a complex process of multiple steps for which many of the factors involved have not yet been defined. In a screen to identify the regulators of myogenic cell fusion, we found that the gene for G-protein coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) was transiently up-regulated during the early fusion of human myoblasts. Human mutations in the gene for GPR56 cause the disease bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria; however, the consequences of receptor dysfunction on muscle development have not been explored. Using knockout mice, we defined the role of GPR56 in skeletal muscle. GPR56(-/-) myoblasts have decreased fusion and smaller myotube sizes in culture. In addition, a loss of GPR56 expression in muscle cells results in decreases or delays in the expression of myogenic differentiation 1, myogenin and nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT)c2. Our data suggest that these abnormalities result from decreased GPR56-mediated serum response element and NFAT signalling. Despite these changes, no overt differences in phenotype were identified in the muscle of GPR56 knockout mice, which presented only a mild but statistically significant elevation of serum creatine kinase compared to wild-type. In agreement with these findings, clinical data from 13 bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria patients revealed mild serum creatine kinase increase in only two patients. In summary, targeted disruption of GPR56 in mice results in myoblast abnormalities. The absence of a severe muscle phenotype in GPR56 knockout mice and human patients suggests that other factors may compensate for the lack of this G-protein coupled receptor during muscle development and that the motor delay observed in these patients is likely not a result of primary muscle abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa P. Wu
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie R. Doyle
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Brenda Barry
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Ariane Beauvais
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Anete Rozkalne
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael W. Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
| | - Alan S. Kopin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Piao X, Basel-Vanagaite L, Straussberg R, Grant PE, Pugh EW, Doheny K, Doan B, Hong SE, Shugart YY, Walsh CA. An autosomal recessive form of bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria maps to chromosome 16q12.2-21. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70:1028-33. [PMID: 11845408 PMCID: PMC379097 DOI: 10.1086/339552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2001] [Accepted: 01/09/2002] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymicrogyria is a cerebral cortical malformation that is grossly characterized by excessive cortical folding and microscopically characterized by abnormal cortical layering. Although polymicrogyria appears to have one or more genetic causes, no polymicrogyria loci have been identified. Here we describe the clinical and radiographic features of a new genetic form of polymicrogyria and localize the responsible gene. We studied two consanguineous Palestinian pedigrees with an autosomal recessive form of bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP), using linkage analysis. Five affected children had moderate-to-severe mental retardation, developmental delay, and esotropia, and four of the five affected children developed seizures. Brain magnetic-resonance imaging revealed polymicrogyria that was most prominent in the frontal and parietal lobes but involved other cortical areas as well. A genomewide linkage screen revealed a single locus that was identical by descent in affected children in both families and showed a single disease-associated haplotype, suggesting a common founder mutation. The locus for BFPP maps to chromosome 16q12.2-21, with a minimal interval of 17 cM. For D16S514, the maximal pooled two-point LOD score was 3.98, and the maximal multipoint LOD score was 4.57. This study provides the first genetic evidence that BFPP is an autosomal recessive disorder and serves as a starting point for the identification of the responsible gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Piao
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, and Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; and Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Lina Basel-Vanagaite
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, and Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; and Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Rachel Straussberg
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, and Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; and Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - P. Ellen Grant
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, and Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; and Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Elizabeth W. Pugh
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, and Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; and Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Kim Doheny
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, and Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; and Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Betty Doan
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, and Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; and Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Susan E. Hong
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, and Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; and Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Yin Yao Shugart
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, and Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; and Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Medical Genetics Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, and Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; and Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
| |
Collapse
|