1
|
Carvalho MDCG, Ximenes RAA, Andrade-Valença LPA, Montarroyos UR, Diniz GTN, Rodrigues LC, Brickley EB, Eickmann SH, de Araujo TVB, Martelli CMT, da Silva PFS, Miranda-Filho DDB. Longitudinal evolution of electroencephalogram (EEG): Findings over five years of follow-up in children with Zika-related microcephaly from the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Pediatric Cohort (2015-2020). Seizure 2023; 110:28-41. [PMID: 37302158 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the longitudinal evolution of EEG findings in children with Zika related-microcephaly (ZRM) and to evaluate the associations of these patterns with the children's clinical and neuroimaging characteristics. METHODS As part of the follow-up of the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Pediatric Cohort (MERG-PC) in Recife, Brazil, we performed serial EEG recordings in a subgroup of children with ZRM to evaluate changes in background rhythms and epileptiform activity (EA). Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns in the evolution of EA over time; clinical and neuroimaging findings were compared across the identified groups. RESULTS Out of the 72 children with ZRM who were evaluated during 190 EEGs/videoEEGs, all participants presented with abnormal background activity, 37.5% presented with an alpha-theta rhythmic activity, and 25% presented with sleep spindles, which were less commonly observed in children with epilepsy. EA changed over time in 79.2% of children, and three distinct trajectories were identified: (i) multifocal EA over time, (ii) no discharges/focal EA evolving to focal/multifocal EA, and (iii) focal/multifocal EA evolving to epileptic encephalopathy patterns (e.g., hypsarrhythmia or continuous EA in sleep). The multifocal EA over time trajectory was associated with periventricular and thalamus/basal ganglia calcifications, brainstem and corpus callosum atrophy and had less focal epilepsy, whereas the children in the trajectory which evolved to epileptic encephalopathy patterns had more frequently focal epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that, in most children with ZRM, trajectories of changes in EA can be identified and associated with neuroimaging and clinical features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo A A Ximenes
- University of Pernambuco, Recife Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laura C Rodrigues
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gifuni AJ, Chakravarty MM, Lepage M, Ho TC, Geoffroy MC, Lacourse E, Gotlib IH, Turecki G, Renaud J, Jollant F. Brain cortical and subcortical morphology in adolescents with depression and a history of suicide attempt. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E347-E357. [PMID: 33961355 PMCID: PMC8327980 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behaviours are a major source of mortality and morbidity among adolescents. Given the maturational changes that occur in cortical and subcortical structures during adolescence, we tested whether atypical brain structural measurements were associated with a history of suicide attempt. METHODS We assessed 3 groups of adolescents (n = 92; 79% female, mean age 15.9 years, range 11.6-18.1 years): patients with a depressive disorder and a history of suicide attempt (n = 28); patient controls, who had a depressive disorder but no history of suicide attempt (n = 34); and healthy controls (n = 30). We derived regional cortical thickness and surface area, and subcortical volumes, from T1-weighted anatomic MRI scans acquired at 3 T. RESULTS We found significant group differences in surface area in the prefrontal, temporal and parietal regions, as well as in the volume of several subcortical nuclei (pFDR ≤ 0.05), but not in cortical thickness. Post hoc analyses indicated that morphological alterations primarily differentiated patients with a history of suicide attempt from healthy controls, but not from patient controls. However, patients with a history of suicide attempt exhibited positive correlations between age and cortical thickness in the temporal cortices and right insula, and between age and right putamen volume (i.e., thicker regional cortex and larger subcortical volumes with age). These correlations were negative in both patient controls and healthy controls (i.e., thinner regional cortex and smaller subcortical volumes). LIMITATIONS Sample sizes, cross-sectional findings and psychiatric heterogeneity were limitations of this study. CONCLUSION Macroscopic structural differences in several brain regions differentiated adolescents with a history of suicide attempt from healthy controls, but not from patient controls. However, adolescents with a history of suicide attempt may present with atypical maturation of specific cortical and subcortical regions that might contribute to the risk of suicidal behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Gifuni
- From the McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Geoffroy, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Chakravarty, Lepage, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Renaud); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA (Gifuni, Gotlib); the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Ho); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Geoffroy); the Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (Lacourse); the Université de Paris, Paris, France (Jollant); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Jollant); and the Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France (Jollant)
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- From the McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Geoffroy, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Chakravarty, Lepage, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Renaud); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA (Gifuni, Gotlib); the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Ho); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Geoffroy); the Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (Lacourse); the Université de Paris, Paris, France (Jollant); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Jollant); and the Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France (Jollant)
| | - Martin Lepage
- From the McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Geoffroy, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Chakravarty, Lepage, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Renaud); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA (Gifuni, Gotlib); the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Ho); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Geoffroy); the Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (Lacourse); the Université de Paris, Paris, France (Jollant); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Jollant); and the Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France (Jollant)
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- From the McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Geoffroy, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Chakravarty, Lepage, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Renaud); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA (Gifuni, Gotlib); the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Ho); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Geoffroy); the Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (Lacourse); the Université de Paris, Paris, France (Jollant); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Jollant); and the Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France (Jollant)
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- From the McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Geoffroy, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Chakravarty, Lepage, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Renaud); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA (Gifuni, Gotlib); the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Ho); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Geoffroy); the Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (Lacourse); the Université de Paris, Paris, France (Jollant); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Jollant); and the Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France (Jollant)
| | - Eric Lacourse
- From the McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Geoffroy, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Chakravarty, Lepage, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Renaud); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA (Gifuni, Gotlib); the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Ho); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Geoffroy); the Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (Lacourse); the Université de Paris, Paris, France (Jollant); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Jollant); and the Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France (Jollant)
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- From the McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Geoffroy, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Chakravarty, Lepage, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Renaud); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA (Gifuni, Gotlib); the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Ho); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Geoffroy); the Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (Lacourse); the Université de Paris, Paris, France (Jollant); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Jollant); and the Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France (Jollant)
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- From the McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Geoffroy, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Chakravarty, Lepage, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Renaud); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA (Gifuni, Gotlib); the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Ho); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Geoffroy); the Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (Lacourse); the Université de Paris, Paris, France (Jollant); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Jollant); and the Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France (Jollant)
| | - Johanne Renaud
- From the McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Geoffroy, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Chakravarty, Lepage, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Renaud); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA (Gifuni, Gotlib); the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Ho); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Geoffroy); the Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (Lacourse); the Université de Paris, Paris, France (Jollant); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Jollant); and the Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France (Jollant)
| | - Fabrice Jollant
- From the McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Geoffroy, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Chakravarty, Lepage, Turecki, Renaud, Jollant); the Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montréal, Canada (Gifuni, Renaud); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA (Gifuni, Gotlib); the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Ho); the Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Geoffroy); the Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (Lacourse); the Université de Paris, Paris, France (Jollant); the GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Jollant); and the Academic Hospital (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France (Jollant)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cabet S, Karl K, Garel C, Delius M, Hartung J, Lesca G, Chaoui R, Guibaud L. Two different prenatal imaging cerebral patterns of tubulinopathy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57:493-497. [PMID: 32149430 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To illustrate the prenatal cerebral imaging features associated with tubulinopathy, we report on five affected fetuses from unrelated families, with a de-novo heterozygous variant in a tubulin gene (TUBA1A, TUBB2B or TUBB3). We identified two distinct prenatal imaging patterns related to tubulinopathy: a severe form, characterized by enlarged germinal matrices, microlissencephaly and a kinked brainstem; and a mild form which has not been reported previously in the prenatal literature. The latter form is associated with non-specific features, including an asymmetric brainstem, corpus callosal dysgenesis, a lack of Sylvian fissure operculization and distortion of the anterior part of the interhemispheric fissure with subsequent impacted medial borders of the frontal lobes, the combination of which, in the absence of additional extracerebral anomalies, is highly suggestive of tubulinopathy. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cabet
- Imagerie Pédiatrique et Fœtale, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon-Bron, France
- Service de Génétique, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon-Bron, France
| | - K Karl
- Center for Prenatal Diagnosis Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Garel
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau APHP, Paris, France
| | - M Delius
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Hartung
- Office of Prenatal Diagnosis, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon-Bron, France
| | - R Chaoui
- Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Guibaud
- Imagerie Pédiatrique et Fœtale, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon-Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tedeschi A, Almagro J, Renshaw MJ, Messal HA, Behrens A, Petronczki M. Cep55 promotes cytokinesis of neural progenitors but is dispensable for most mammalian cell divisions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1746. [PMID: 32269212 PMCID: PMC7142149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cell lines, the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III mediates abscission, the process that physically separates daughter cells and completes cell division. Cep55 protein is regarded as the master regulator of abscission, because it recruits ESCRT-III to the midbody (MB), the site of abscission. However, the importance of this mechanism in a mammalian organism has never been tested. Here we show that Cep55 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Cep55-knockout offspring show microcephaly and primary neural progenitors require Cep55 and ESCRT for survival and abscission. However, Cep55 is dispensable for cell division in embryonic or adult tissues. In vitro, division of primary fibroblasts occurs without Cep55 and ESCRT-III at the midbody and is not affected by ESCRT depletion. Our work defines Cep55 as an abscission regulator only in specific tissue contexts and necessitates the re-evaluation of an alternative ESCRT-independent cell division mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tedeschi
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Cell Division and Aneuploidy Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, EN6 3LD, UK.
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew J Renshaw
- Advanced Light Microscopy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mark Petronczki
- Cell Division and Aneuploidy Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, EN6 3LD, UK
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, A-1121, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schiller S, Rosewich H, Grünewald S, Gärtner J. Inborn errors of metabolism leading to neuronal migration defects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:145-155. [PMID: 31747049 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development and organisation of the human brain start in the embryonic stage and is a highly complex orchestrated process. It depends on series of cellular mechanisms that are precisely regulated by multiple proteins, signalling pathways and non-protein-coding genes. A crucial process during cerebral cortex development is the migration of nascent neuronal cells to their appropriate positions and their associated differentiation into layer-specific neurons. Neuronal migration defects (NMD) comprise a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders including monogenetic disorders and residual syndromes due to damaging factors during prenatal development like infections, maternal diabetes mellitus or phenylketonuria, trauma, and drug use. Multifactorial causes are also possible. Classification into lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, schizencephaly, and neuronal heterotopia is based on the visible morphologic cortex anomalies. Characteristic clinical features of NMDs are severe psychomotor developmental delay, severe intellectual disability, intractable epilepsy, and dysmorphisms. Neurometabolic disorders only form a small subgroup within the large group of NMDs. The prototypes are peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, peroxisomal ß-oxidation defects and congenital disorders of O-glycosylation. The rapid evolution of biotechnology has resulted in an ongoing identification of metabolic and non-metabolic disease genes for NMDs. Nevertheless, we are far away from understanding the specific role of cortical genes and metabolites on spatial and temporal regulation of human cortex development and associated malformations. This limited understanding of the pathogenesis hinders the attempt for therapeutic approaches. In this article, we provide an overview of the most important cortical malformations and potential underlying neurometabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stina Schiller
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rosewich
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Grünewald
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Patkee PA, Baburamani AA, Kyriakopoulou V, Davidson A, Avini E, Dimitrova R, Allsop J, Hughes E, Kangas J, McAlonan G, Rutherford MA. Early alterations in cortical and cerebellar regional brain growth in Down Syndrome: An in vivo fetal and neonatal MRI assessment. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 25:102139. [PMID: 31887718 DOI: 10.1101/683656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental outcomes. At present, the relationship between structural brain morphology and the spectrum of cognitive phenotypes in DS, is not well understood. This study aimed to quantify the development of the fetal and neonatal brain in DS participants, with and without a congenital cardiac defect compared with a control population using dedicated, optimised and motion-corrected in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We detected deviations in development and altered regional brain growth in the fetus with DS from 21 weeks' gestation, when compared to age-matched controls. Reduced cerebellar volume was apparent in the second trimester with significant alteration in cortical growth becoming evident during the third trimester. Developmental abnormalities in the cortex and cerebellum are likely substrates for later neurocognitive impairment, and ongoing studies will allow us to confirm the role of antenatal MRI as an early biomarker for subsequent cognitive ability in DS. In the era of rapidly developing technologies, we believe that the results of this study will assist counselling for prospective parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi A Patkee
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Kyriakopoulou
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Davidson
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Elhaam Avini
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ralica Dimitrova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Allsop
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Kangas
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patkee PA, Baburamani AA, Kyriakopoulou V, Davidson A, Avini E, Dimitrova R, Allsop J, Hughes E, Kangas J, McAlonan G, Rutherford MA. Early alterations in cortical and cerebellar regional brain growth in Down Syndrome: An in vivo fetal and neonatal MRI assessment. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 25:102139. [PMID: 31887718 PMCID: PMC6938981 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental outcomes. At present, the relationship between structural brain morphology and the spectrum of cognitive phenotypes in DS, is not well understood. This study aimed to quantify the development of the fetal and neonatal brain in DS participants, with and without a congenital cardiac defect compared with a control population using dedicated, optimised and motion-corrected in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We detected deviations in development and altered regional brain growth in the fetus with DS from 21 weeks' gestation, when compared to age-matched controls. Reduced cerebellar volume was apparent in the second trimester with significant alteration in cortical growth becoming evident during the third trimester. Developmental abnormalities in the cortex and cerebellum are likely substrates for later neurocognitive impairment, and ongoing studies will allow us to confirm the role of antenatal MRI as an early biomarker for subsequent cognitive ability in DS. In the era of rapidly developing technologies, we believe that the results of this study will assist counselling for prospective parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi A Patkee
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Kyriakopoulou
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Davidson
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Elhaam Avini
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ralica Dimitrova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Allsop
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Kangas
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kline JE, Illapani VSP, He L, Altaye M, Parikh NA. Retinopathy of Prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia are Independent Antecedents of Cortical Maturational Abnormalities in Very Preterm Infants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19679. [PMID: 31873183 PMCID: PMC6928014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Very preterm (VPT) infants are at high-risk for neurodevelopmental impairments, however there are few validated biomarkers at term-equivalent age that accurately measure abnormal brain development and predict future impairments. Our objectives were to quantify and contrast cortical features between full-term and VPT infants at term and to associate two key antecedent risk factors, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), with cortical maturational changes in VPT infants. We prospectively enrolled a population-based cohort of 110 VPT infants (gestational age ≤31 weeks) and 51 healthy full-term infants (gestational age 38-42 weeks). Structural brain MRI was performed at term. 94 VPT infants and 46 full-term infants with high-quality T2-weighted MRI were analyzed. As compared to full-term infants, VPT infants exhibited significant global cortical maturational abnormalities, including reduced surface area (-5.9%) and gyrification (-6.7%) and increased curvature (5.9%). In multivariable regression controlled for important covariates, BPD was significantly negatively correlated with lobar and global cortical surface area and ROP was significantly negatively correlated with lobar and global sulcal depth in VPT infants. Our cohort of VPT infants exhibited widespread cortical maturation abnormalities by term-equivalent age that were in part anteceded by two of the most potent neonatal diseases, BPD and ROP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Kline
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Lili He
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Divison of Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nehal A Parikh
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Janakiraman U, Yu J, Moutal A, Chinnasamy D, Boinon L, Batchelor SN, Anandhan A, Khanna R, Nelson MA. TAF1-gene editing alters the morphology and function of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104539. [PMID: 31344492 PMCID: PMC7197880 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TAF1/MRSX33 intellectual disability syndrome is an X-linked disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the TAF1 gene. How these mutations cause dysmorphology, hypotonia, intellectual and motor defects is unknown. Mouse models which have embryonically targeted TAF1 have failed, possibly due to TAF1 being essential for viability, preferentially expressed in early brain development, and intolerant of mutation. Novel animal models are valuable tools for understanding neuronal pathology. Here, we report the development and characterization of a novel animal model for TAF1 ID syndrome in which the TAF1 gene is deleted in embryonic rats using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology and somatic brain transgenesis mediated by lentiviral transduction. Rat pups, post-natal day 3, were subjected to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of either gRNA-control or gRNA-TAF1 vectors. Rats were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests followed by histopathological analyses of brains at post-natal day 14 and day 35. TAF1-edited rats exhibited behavioral deficits at both the neonatal and juvenile stages of development. Deletion of TAF1 lead to a hypoplasia and loss of the Purkinje cells. We also observed a decreased in GFAP positive astrocytes and an increase in Iba1 positive microglia within the granular layer of the cerebellum in TAF1-edited animals. Immunostaining revealed a reduction in the expression of the CaV3.1 T-type calcium channel. Abnormal motor symptoms in TAF1-edited rats were associated with irregular cerebellar output caused by changes in the intrinsic activity of the Purkinje cells due to loss of pre-synaptic CaV3.1. This animal model provides a powerful new tool for studies of neuronal dysfunction in conditions associated with TAF1 abnormalities and should prove useful for developing therapeutic strategies to treat TAF1 ID syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udaiyappan Janakiraman
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA; College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dhanalakshmi Chinnasamy
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lisa Boinon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shelby N Batchelor
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Annaduri Anandhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA; The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mark A Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shi L, Cheng Y, Xu Y, Shen Z, Lu Y, Zhou C, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Xu X. Effects of hypertension on cerebral cortical thickness alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 157:107872. [PMID: 31593745 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although hypertension (HTN) is the high comorbidity of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and known to be a vascular risk factor for brain damage, the effects of HTN on brain function in T2DM patients are not well understood. Present study was performed to investigate whether HTN might accelerate the Cerebral cortical thickness (CT) alterations in patients with T2DM. METHODS We enrolled 35 participants with only T2DM, 25 T2DM patients with HTN (HT2DM) and 28 healthy controls (HCs). The cognitive function was assessed and brain image data was collected then the CT was calculated for each participant. Partial correlations between the CT of each brain region and standard laboratory testing data and neuropsychological scale scores were also analyzed. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to evaluated the vascular risk factors and brain regions with different CT in HT2DM patients. RESULTS Cognitive impairment is associated with thinning of the cerebral cortical thickness reduction in T2DM patients. CT thinning in the left inferior parietal lobe, left posterior cingulate and right precuneus were observed in HT2DM group relative to only T2DM group. Furthermore, the CT decreasing in the right precuneus was negatively correlated with duration of HTN. CONCLUSION The current study revealed that coexistent HTN may accelerate the CT reduction in T2DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yushan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zonglin Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Linling Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fangyu Zhu
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Caverzasi E, Battistella G, Chu SA, Rosen H, Zanto TP, Karydas A, Shwe W, Coppola G, Geschwind DH, Rademakers R, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML, Lee SE. Gyrification abnormalities in presymptomatic c9orf72 expansion carriers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:1005-1010. [PMID: 31079065 PMCID: PMC6820159 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-320265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate in-vivo cortical gyrification patterns measured by the local gyrification index (lGI) in presymptomatic c9orf72 expansion carriers compared with healthy controls, and investigate relationships between lGI and cortical thickness, an established morphometric measure of neurodegeneration. METHODS We assessed cortical gyrification and thickness patterns in a cohort of 15 presymptomatic c9orf72 expansion carriers (age 43.7 ± 10.2 years, 9 females) compared with 67 (age 42.4 ± 12.4 years, 36 females) age and sex matched healthy controls using the dedicated Freesurfer pipeline. RESULTS Compared with controls, presymptomatic carriers showed significantly lower lGI in left frontal and right parieto-occipital regions. Interestingly, those areas with abnormal gyrification in presymptomatic carriers showed no concomitant cortical thickness abnormality. Overall, for both presymptomatic carriers and healthy controls, gyrification and cortical thickness measures were not correlated, suggesting that gyrification captures a feature distinct from cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS Presymptomatic c9orf72 expansion carriers show regions of abnormally low gyrification as early as their 30s, decades before expected symptom onset. Cortical gyrification represents a novel grey matter metric distinctive from grey matter thickness or volume and detects differences in presymptomatic carriers at an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Caverzasi
- Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Giovanni Battistella
- Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephanie A Chu
- Neurology, Memory and Aging Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Howie Rosen
- Neurology, Memory and Aging Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Theodore P Zanto
- Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wendy Shwe
- Neurology, Memory and Aging Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Psychiatry and Neurology, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Neurology, Memory and Aging Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Neurology, Memory and Aging Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pooh RK, Machida M, Nakamura T, Uenishi K, Chiyo H, Itoh K, Yoshimatsu J, Ueda H, Ogo K, Chaemsaithong P, Poon LC. Increased Sylvian fissure angle as early sonographic sign of malformation of cortical development. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 54:199-206. [PMID: 30381845 PMCID: PMC6772089 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate Sylvian fissure development by assessing Sylvian fissure angles in fetuses with malformation of cortical development (MCD). METHODS This was a retrospective study of 22 fetuses with MCD. Cases with a stored three-dimensional (3D) brain volume acquired at 18 + 0 to 30 + 6 weeks of gestation at an ultrasound-based research clinic between January 2010 and December 2017 were identified through a database. Of the 22 fetuses, seven had an extracranial abnormality, such as cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal and/or digital anomalies, and five had a minor abnormality such as micrognathia, low-set ears and/or single umbilical artery. To confirm the final clinical diagnosis of brain abnormality, postmortem histological findings or prenatal or postnatal magnetic resonance images were used. For measurement of Sylvian fissure angle, an anterior coronal plane of the fetal brain on transvaginal 3D volume multiplanar imaging was visualized as a single image from the three orthogonal views. The right and left Sylvian fissure angles were measured between a horizontal reference line (0°) and a line drawn along the upper side of the respective Sylvian fissure. The Sylvian fissure angle on both sides was plotted on the graphs of the reference ranges for gestational age in weeks. RESULTS In 21 (95.5%; 95% CI, 86.8-100.0%) of 22 fetuses with MCD, the Sylvian fissure angle on one or both sides was larger than the 90th percentile of the normal reference. There was one case with apparent focal MCD in the parietal lobe, but the Sylvian fissure angles were normal. A case with apparent unilateral cortical dysplasia and one with apparent unilateral schizencephaly had conspicuous discrepancies between the left and right Sylvian fissure angles. Abnormal genetic test results were obtained in six cases, including four cases with a mutation in a single gene. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that the Sylvian fissures, as defined by the Sylvian fissure angle, have delayed development in most MCD cases prior to the diagnosis of the condition. The Sylvian fissure angle may potentially be a strong indicator for the subsequent development of cortical malformation, before the time point at which the gyri and sulci become obvious on the fetal brain surface. Further research is required to validate these findings. © 2018 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Pooh
- CRIFM Clinical Research Institute of Fetal Medicine Pooh Maternity ClinicOsakaJapan
| | - M. Machida
- CRIFM Clinical Research Institute of Fetal Medicine Pooh Maternity ClinicOsakaJapan
| | - T. Nakamura
- CRIFM Clinical Research Institute of Fetal Medicine Pooh Maternity ClinicOsakaJapan
| | - K. Uenishi
- CRIFM Clinical Research Institute of Fetal Medicine Pooh Maternity ClinicOsakaJapan
| | - H. Chiyo
- CRIFM Clinical Research Institute of Fetal Medicine Pooh Maternity ClinicOsakaJapan
| | - K. Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - J. Yoshimatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
| | - H. Ueda
- Department of PathologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
| | - K. Ogo
- Department of PathologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
| | - P. Chaemsaithong
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SAR
| | - L. C. Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPrince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jones EC, Liebel SW, Hallowell ES, Sweet LH. Insula thickness asymmetry relates to risk of major depressive disorder in middle-aged to older adults. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 283:113-117. [PMID: 30598360 PMCID: PMC6379126 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research implicates the insula as a critical brain structure in major depressive disorder (MDD), emotional salience, and interoception. Despite a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle-aged to older adults and the elevated risks that they confer towards poor outcomes like deteriorating health and suicidality, only limited research has examined the role of the insula in this population. The present study investigates associations between insula thickness and risk of developing MDD in middle-aged to older adults. A composite measure of MDD risk was quantified based upon current Beck Depression Inventory-II scores, current antidepressant medication use, and self-reported history of depression. Linear regressions were performed to analyze the relationships between insula thickness and MDD risk. Linear regression established that left-right insula thickness difference and left insula thickness significantly predicted MDD risk; however, right insula thickness did not. These findings provide evidence of the importance of insula thickness in middle-aged to older adults at elevated risk for MDD, while highlighting the left insula as an area of particular interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Spencer W Liebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emily S Hallowell
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lawrence H Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Munell F, Tormos MA, Roig-Quilis M. Brainstem dysgenesis: beyond Moebius syndrome. Rev Neurol 2018; 66:241-250. [PMID: 29557550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Brainstem dysgenesis designates all those patients with congenital dysfunction of cranial nerves and muscle tone due to prenatal lesions or malformations of the brainstem. This generic term has the advantage over the eponyms Moebius 'expanded' or 'unrestricted', Robin, Cogan or Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndromes in that it has a less restrictive view and provides a frame work that enables a systematic approach to diagnosis and research of most developmental disorders involving the brainstem. The review of the literature and our experience shows that infants with a predominant rombencephalic involvement are due to brainstem prenatal disruptive vascular accidents, while cases with midbrain and cerebellar involvement and widespread malformative syndromes have most likely an underlying genetic cause. Due to phenotypic heterogeneity associated with brainstem dysgenesis, it is crucial to evaluate each case individually and to establish a specific therapeutic plan. Intervention programs should start soon after diagnosis and directed to improve functions needed for daily life activities. Even though the prognosis of patients with brainstem dysgenesis due to prenatal destructive lesions depends on the magnitude of the vascular territory involved, in most patients with brainstem dysgenesis, the prognosis is better than the initial clinical manifestations would indicate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Munell
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Garcia KE, Robinson EC, Alexopoulos D, Dierker DL, Glasser MF, Coalson TS, Ortinau CM, Rueckert D, Taber LA, Van Essen DC, Rogers CE, Smyser CD, Bayly PV. Dynamic patterns of cortical expansion during folding of the preterm human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3156-3161. [PMID: 29507201 PMCID: PMC5866555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715451115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During the third trimester of human brain development, the cerebral cortex undergoes dramatic surface expansion and folding. Physical models suggest that relatively rapid growth of the cortical gray matter helps drive this folding, and structural data suggest that growth may vary in both space (by region on the cortical surface) and time. In this study, we propose a unique method to estimate local growth from sequential cortical reconstructions. Using anatomically constrained multimodal surface matching (aMSM), we obtain accurate, physically guided point correspondence between younger and older cortical reconstructions of the same individual. From each pair of surfaces, we calculate continuous, smooth maps of cortical expansion with unprecedented precision. By considering 30 preterm infants scanned two to four times during the period of rapid cortical expansion (28-38 wk postmenstrual age), we observe significant regional differences in growth across the cortical surface that are consistent with the emergence of new folds. Furthermore, these growth patterns shift over the course of development, with noninjured subjects following a highly consistent trajectory. This information provides a detailed picture of dynamic changes in cortical growth, connecting what is known about patterns of development at the microscopic (cellular) and macroscopic (folding) scales. Since our method provides specific growth maps for individual brains, we are also able to detect alterations due to injury. This fully automated surface analysis, based on tools freely available to the brain-mapping community, may also serve as a useful approach for future studies of abnormal growth due to genetic disorders, injury, or other environmental variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara E Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130;
| | - Emma C Robinson
- Department of Computer Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Division of Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Donna L Dierker
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Internal Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63017
| | - Timothy S Coalson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Cynthia M Ortinau
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- Department of Computer Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Larry A Taber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Philip V Bayly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McVige JW. Imaging of Congenital Malformations. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2018; 22:1480-1498. [PMID: 27740985 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intracranial congenital malformations are anomalies of brain development caused by genetic and environmental influences. This article discusses common intracranial congenital malformations, presents the associated neuroimaging findings, and discusses how appropriate identification of intracranial anomalies can impact diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in neuroimaging techniques and genetic research have led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of many congenital malformations, adding insight into their clinical relevance and the intricate relationship between critical periods of development, genetic predisposition, and environmental insults. When one malformation is discovered, a high likelihood of more malformations exists. In some instances, the intracranial anomalies will lead to the diagnosis of a particular neurologic syndrome, which may, in turn, lead to modification of a plan of care. SUMMARY Knowledge of congenital malformations and their appearance on imaging sequences is essential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wurthmann S, Naegel S, Schulte Steinberg B, Theysohn N, Diener HC, Kleinschnitz C, Obermann M, Holle D. Cerebral gray matter changes in persistent postural perceptual dizziness. J Psychosom Res 2017; 103:95-101. [PMID: 29167054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is the most common vestibular syndrome in middle-aged patients. Multisensory maladjustment involving alterations of sensory response pattern including vestibular, visual and motion stimuli is thought to be a key pathophysiological correlate of this disorder. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify regional gray matter changes in PPPD patients that might be involved in the underlying pathophysiology of this disorder. METHODS 42 PPPD patients and healthy age and gender matched controls were investigated using magnetic resonance imaging-based voxel-based morphometry. All patients fulfilled the current diagnostic criteria for PPPD, established by the Bárány-Society based on previous criteria for chronic subjective dizziness and phobic postural vertigo. RESULTS PPPD patients showed gray matter volume decrease in the temporal cortex, cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus and the cerebellum. A negative correlation of disease duration and gray matter volume was observed in the visual cortex, supplementary motor area and somatosensory processing structures. CONCLUSIONS In patients with PPPD areas involved in multisensory vestibular processing show gray matter volume decrease. These brain regions resemble those previously described for other vestibular disorders. Longer duration of disease leads to a more pronounced gray matter alteration, which might represent maladaptive mechanisms within the course of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wurthmann
- Department of Neurology and Dizziness, Vertigo Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
| | - Steffen Naegel
- Department of Neurology and Dizziness, Vertigo Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Nina Theysohn
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
| | - Hans-Christoph Diener
- Department of Neurology and Dizziness, Vertigo Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology and Dizziness, Vertigo Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
| | - Mark Obermann
- Department of Neurology and Dizziness, Vertigo Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Center for Neurology, Asklepios Hospitals Schildautal, Karl-Herold-Straße 1, 38723 Seesen, Germany.
| | - Dagny Holle
- Department of Neurology and Dizziness, Vertigo Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kelly CJ, Makropoulos A, Cordero-Grande L, Hutter J, Price A, Hughes E, Murgasova M, Teixeira RPAG, Steinweg JK, Kulkarni S, Rahman L, Zhang H, Alexander DC, Pushparajah K, Rueckert D, Hajnal JV, Simpson J, Edwards AD, Rutherford MA, Counsell SJ. Impaired development of the cerebral cortex in infants with congenital heart disease is correlated to reduced cerebral oxygen delivery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15088. [PMID: 29118365 PMCID: PMC5678433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental impairment is the most common comorbidity associated with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), while the underlying biological mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesised that impaired cerebral oxygen delivery in infants with CHD is a cause of impaired cortical development, and predicted that cardiac lesions most associated with reduced cerebral oxygen delivery would demonstrate the greatest impairment of cortical development. We compared 30 newborns with complex CHD prior to surgery and 30 age-matched healthy controls using brain MRI. The cortex was assessed using high resolution, motion-corrected T2-weighted images in natural sleep, analysed using an automated pipeline. Cerebral oxygen delivery was calculated using phase contrast angiography and pre-ductal pulse oximetry, while regional cerebral oxygen saturation was estimated using near-infrared spectroscopy. We found that impaired cortical grey matter volume and gyrification index in newborns with complex CHD was linearly related to reduced cerebral oxygen delivery, and that cardiac lesions associated with the lowest cerebral oxygen delivery were associated with the greatest impairment of cortical development. These findings suggest that strategies to improve cerebral oxygen delivery may help reduce brain dysmaturation in newborns with CHD, and may be most relevant for children with CHD whose cardiac defects remain unrepaired for prolonged periods after birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Kelly
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Makropoulos
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Hutter
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Murgasova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Pedro A G Teixeira
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes K Steinweg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sagar Kulkarni
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Loay Rahman
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C Alexander
- Department of Computer Science and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kuberan Pushparajah
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Simpson
- Paediatric Cardiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Im K, Guimaraes A, Kim Y, Cottrill E, Gagoski B, Rollins C, Ortinau C, Yang E, Grant PE. Quantitative Folding Pattern Analysis of Early Primary Sulci in Human Fetuses with Brain Abnormalities. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1449-1455. [PMID: 28522661 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aberrant gyral folding is a key feature in the diagnosis of many cerebral malformations. However, in fetal life, it is particularly challenging to confidently diagnose aberrant folding because of the rapid spatiotemporal changes of gyral development. Currently, there is no resource to measure how an individual fetal brain compares with normal spatiotemporal variations. In this study, we assessed the potential for automatic analysis of early sulcal patterns to detect individual fetal brains with cerebral abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Triplane MR images were aligned to create a motion-corrected volume for each individual fetal brain, and cortical plate surfaces were extracted. Sulcal basins were automatically identified on the cortical plate surface and compared with a combined set generated from 9 normal fetal brain templates. Sulcal pattern similarities to the templates were quantified by using multivariate geometric features and intersulcal relationships for 14 normal fetal brains and 5 fetal brains that were proved to be abnormal on postnatal MR imaging. Results were compared with the gyrification index. RESULTS Significantly reduced sulcal pattern similarities to normal templates were found in all abnormal individual fetuses compared with normal fetuses (mean similarity [normal, abnormal], left: 0.818, 0.752; P < .001; right: 0.810, 0.753; P < .01). Altered location and depth patterns of sulcal basins were the primary distinguishing features. The gyrification index was not significantly different between the normal and abnormal groups. CONCLUSIONS Automated analysis of interrelated patterning of early primary sulci could outperform the traditional gyrification index and has the potential to quantitatively detect individual fetuses with emerging abnormal sulcal patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Im
- From the Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center (K.I., A.G., Y.K., E.C., B.G., P.E.G.)
- Division of Newborn Medicine (K.I., P.E.G.)
- Harvard Medical School (K.I., B.G., C.R., C.O., E.Y., P.E.G.), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A Guimaraes
- From the Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center (K.I., A.G., Y.K., E.C., B.G., P.E.G.)
- Faculdade de Medicina da USP (A.G.), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Y Kim
- From the Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center (K.I., A.G., Y.K., E.C., B.G., P.E.G.)
| | - E Cottrill
- From the Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center (K.I., A.G., Y.K., E.C., B.G., P.E.G.)
| | - B Gagoski
- From the Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center (K.I., A.G., Y.K., E.C., B.G., P.E.G.)
- Radiology (B.G., E.Y., P.E.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School (K.I., B.G., C.R., C.O., E.Y., P.E.G.), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C Rollins
- the Departments of Neurology (C.R.)
- Harvard Medical School (K.I., B.G., C.R., C.O., E.Y., P.E.G.), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C Ortinau
- Harvard Medical School (K.I., B.G., C.R., C.O., E.Y., P.E.G.), Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics Newborn Medicine (C.O.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - E Yang
- Radiology (B.G., E.Y., P.E.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School (K.I., B.G., C.R., C.O., E.Y., P.E.G.), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - P E Grant
- From the Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center (K.I., A.G., Y.K., E.C., B.G., P.E.G.)
- Division of Newborn Medicine (K.I., P.E.G.)
- Radiology (B.G., E.Y., P.E.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School (K.I., B.G., C.R., C.O., E.Y., P.E.G.), Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park JT, Baca Vaca GF, Avery J, Miller JP. Utility of Stereoelectroencephalography in Children with Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor and Cortical Malformation. Neurodiagn J 2017; 57:191-210. [PMID: 28898173 DOI: 10.1080/21646821.2017.1326270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled seizures in children can contribute to irreversible cognitive impairment and developmental delay, in addition to placing them at risk for sudden unexplained death in epileptic patients (SUDEP). Since its introduction at Saint Ann Hospital in Paris in the 1960s, stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is increasingly being utilized at epilepsy centers in the United States as an invasive tool to help localize the seizure focus in drug-resistant focal epilepsy. INDICATIONS Children with symptomatic epilepsy, commonly due to cortical dysplasia and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET), may benefit from SEEG investigation. The arrangement of SEEG electrodes is individually tailored based on the suspected location of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). The implanted depth electrodes are used to electrically stimulate the corresponding cortices to obtain information about the topography of eloquent cortex and EZ. Morbidity: Surgical morbidity in these children undergoing SEEG investigation is low, but not negligible. The number of electrodes directly correlates with the risk of intraoperative complication. Thus a risk and benefit analysis needs to be carefully considered for each patient. Neurodiagnostic technology: Both during and after the SEEG electrode implantation, the intraoperative monitoring and EEG technologists play a vital role in the successful monitoring of the patient. CONCLUSION SEEG is an important tool in the process of epilepsy surgery in children with symptomatic epilepsy, commonly due to cortical dysplasia and DNET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun T Park
- a Epilepsy Center , Cleveland University Hospitals , Cleveland , Ohio
- b Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , Ohio
| | - Guadalupe Fernandez Baca Vaca
- a Epilepsy Center , Cleveland University Hospitals , Cleveland , Ohio
- b Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , Ohio
| | - Jennifer Avery
- a Epilepsy Center , Cleveland University Hospitals , Cleveland , Ohio
| | - Jonathan P Miller
- a Epilepsy Center , Cleveland University Hospitals , Cleveland , Ohio
- b Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Norman LJ, Carlisi C, Lukito S, Hart H, Mataix-Cols D, Radua J, Rubia K. Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Comparative Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:815-825. [PMID: 27276220 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share impaired inhibitory control. However, it is unknown whether impairments are mediated by shared or disorder-specific neurostructural and neurofunctional abnormalities. OBJECTIVE To establish shared and disorder-specific structural, functional, and overlapping multimodal abnormalities in these 2 disorders through a voxel-based meta-analytic comparison of whole-brain gray matter volume (GMV) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of inhibition in patients with ADHD and OCD. DATA SOURCES Literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus up to September 30, 2015. STUDY SELECTION Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) or fMRI studies during inhibitory control comparing children and adults with ADHD or OCD with controls. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Voxel-wise meta-analyses of GMV or fMRI differences were performed using Seed-based d-Mapping. Regional structure and function abnormalities were assessed within each patient group and then a quantitative comparison was performed of abnormalities (relative to controls) between ADHD and OCD. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Meta-analytic disorder-specific and shared abnormalities in GMV, in inhibitory fMRI, and in multimodal functional and structural measures. RESULTS The search revealed 27 ADHD VBM data sets (including 931 patients with ADHD and 822 controls), 30 OCD VBM data sets (928 patients with OCD and 942 controls), 33 ADHD fMRI data sets (489 patients with ADHD and 591 controls), and 18 OCD fMRI data sets (287 patients with OCD and 284 controls). Patients with ADHD showed disorder-contrasting multimodal structural (left z = 1.904, P < .001; right z = 1.738, P < .001) and functional (left z = 1.447, P < .001; right z = 1.229, P < .001) abnormalities in bilateral basal ganglia/insula, which were decreased in GMV and function in patients with ADHD relative to those with OCD (and controls). In OCD patients, they were enhanced relative to controls. Patients with OCD showed disorder-specific reduced function and structure in rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex (fMRI z = 2.113, P < .001; VBM z = 1.622, P < .001), whereas patients with ADHD showed disorder-specific underactivation predominantly in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (z = 1.229, P < .001). Ventromedial prefrontal GMV reduction was shared in both disorders relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Shared impairments in inhibitory control, rather than representing a transdiagnostic endophenotype in ADHD and OCD, were associated with disorder-differential functional and structural abnormalities. Patients with ADHD showed smaller and underfunctioning ventrolateral prefrontal/insular-striatal regions whereas patients with OCD showed larger and hyperfunctioning insular-striatal regions that may be poorly controlled by smaller and underfunctioning rostro/dorsal medial prefrontal regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Christina Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Steve Lukito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Heledd Hart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Clemens B, Puskás S, Besenyei M, Kondákor I, Hollódy K, Fogarasi A, Bense K, Emri M, Kovács NZ, Fekete I. [INDIVIDUAL EVALUATION OF LORETA ABNORMALITIES IN IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY]. Ideggyogy Sz 2016; 69:107-121. [PMID: 27188003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary neuroimaging methods disclosed structural and functional cerebral abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). However, individual electrical (EEG) abnormalities have not been evaluated yet in IGE patients. METHODS IGE patients were investigated in the drug-free condition and after 3-6 month of antiepileptic treatment. To estimate the reproducibility of qEEG variables a retrospective recruited cohort of IGE patients was investigated. 19-channel resting state EEG activity was recorded. For each patient a total of 2 minutes EEG activity was analyzed by LORETA (Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography). Raw LORETA values were Z-transformed and projected to a MRI template. Z-values outside within the [+3Z] to [-3Z] range were labelled as statistically abnormal. RESULTS 1. In drug-free condition, 41-50% of IGE patients showed abnormal LORETA values. 2. Abnormal LORETA findings showed great inter-individual variability. 3. Most abnormal LORETA-findings were symmetrical. 4. Most maximum Z-values were localized to frontal or temporal cortex. 5. Succesfull treatment was mostly coupled with disappearence of LORETA-abnormality, persistent seizures were accompanied by persistent LORETA abnormality. DISCUSSION 1. LORETA abnormalities detected in the untreated condition reflect seizure-generating property of the cortex in IGE patients. 2. Maximum LORETA-Z abnormalities were topographically congruent with structural abnormalities reported by other research groups. 3. LORETA might help to investigate drug effects at the whole-brain level.
Collapse
|
23
|
Choi GB, Yim YS, Wong H, Kim S, Kim H, Kim SV, Hoeffer CA, Littman DR, Huh JR. The maternal interleukin-17a pathway in mice promotes autism-like phenotypes in offspring. Science 2016; 351:933-9. [PMID: 26822608 PMCID: PMC4782964 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection during pregnancy has been correlated with increased frequency of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. This observation has been modeled in rodents subjected to maternal immune activation (MIA). The immune cell populations critical in the MIA model have not been identified. Using both genetic mutants and blocking antibodies in mice, we show that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt)-dependent effector T lymphocytes [for example, T helper 17 (TH17) cells] and the effector cytokine interleukin-17a (IL-17a) are required in mothers for MIA-induced behavioral abnormalities in offspring. We find that MIA induces an abnormal cortical phenotype, which is also dependent on maternal IL-17a, in the fetal brain. Our data suggest that therapeutic targeting of TH17 cells in susceptible pregnant mothers may reduce the likelihood of bearing children with inflammation-induced ASD-like phenotypes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/immunology
- Antibodies, Blocking/therapeutic use
- Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics
- Autism Spectrum Disorder/immunology
- Autism Spectrum Disorder/prevention & control
- Behavior, Animal
- Behavioral Symptoms/immunology
- Cerebral Cortex/abnormalities
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/immunology
- Female
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/pharmacology
- Male
- Maternal-Fetal Exchange/immunology
- Mice
- Mutation
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Phenotype
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria B Choi
- The McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yeong S Yim
- The McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Helen Wong
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Department of Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Sangdoo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology and Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology and Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sangwon V Kim
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Charles A Hoeffer
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Department of Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
| | - Dan R Littman
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Jun R Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology and Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wennberg
- Division of Neurology, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
AbstractRationale:Double cortex syndrome is a malformation in which there is a band of subcortical heterotopic grey matter separated from the cortex by white matter. The functional activity of the heterotopic neurons is unclear.Patient:A 13-year-old female was evaluated for seizures. The EEG showed bifrontal spike wave disturbance. Band heterotopia, in association with mild reduction of sulcation of the cerebral hemispheres, was found on MRI. Psychological assessment indicated the presence of variable cognitive abilities, with verbal IQ [82] generally better than nonverbal IQ [59], and specific difficulties in language comprehension and mathematics.Method:Functional MRI was used to localize the areas of language and motor activation. The language activation paradigm was a visual verb generation task with a visual fixation baseline. The motor paradigm consisted of alternating blocks of sequential finger tapping and rest. Coronal functional and anatomical images were obtained.Results:The motor paradigm produced activation of the primary motor cortex, the band heterotopia and the supplementary motor cortex. The language paradigm produced activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus and left supplementary motor area, but not of the band heterotopia.Conclusions:The activation of heterotopic grey matter during a motor task demonstrates a hemodynamic association with motor activity and suggests that this tissue may be functional. Such association was not seen with the language task. We speculate that later maturing functions such as language are restricted in their development to the normal situated superficial cortex in our patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Keene
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Knock E, Pereira J, Lombard PD, Dimond A, Leaford D, Livesey FJ, Hendrich B. The methyl binding domain 3/nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase complex regulates neural cell fate determination and terminal differentiation in the cerebral cortex. Neural Dev 2015; 10:13. [PMID: 25934499 PMCID: PMC4432814 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-015-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatin-modifying complexes have key roles in regulating various aspects of neural stem cell biology, including self-renewal and neurogenesis. The methyl binding domain 3/nucleosome remodelling and deacetylation (MBD3/NuRD) co-repressor complex facilitates lineage commitment of pluripotent cells in early mouse embryos and is important for stem cell homeostasis in blood and skin, but its function in neurogenesis had not been described. Here, we show for the first time that MBD3/NuRD function is essential for normal neurogenesis in mice. RESULTS Deletion of MBD3, a structural component of the NuRD complex, in the developing mouse central nervous system resulted in reduced cortical thickness, defects in the proper specification of cortical projection neuron subtypes and neonatal lethality. These phenotypes are due to alterations in PAX6+ apical progenitor cell outputs, as well as aberrant terminal neuronal differentiation programmes of cortical plate neurons. Normal numbers of PAX6+ apical neural progenitor cells were generated in the MBD3/NuRD-mutant cortex; however, the PAX6+ apical progenitor cells generate EOMES+ basal progenitor cells in reduced numbers. Cortical progenitor cells lacking MBD3/NuRD activity generate neurons that express both deep- and upper-layer markers. Using laser capture microdissection, gene expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we provide evidence that MBD3/NuRD functions to control gene expression patterns during neural development. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that although MBD3/NuRD is not required for neural stem cell lineage commitment, it is required to repress inappropriate transcription in both progenitor cells and neurons to facilitate appropriate cell lineage choice and differentiation programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Knock
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Krembil Discovery Tower, 6KD-404, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - João Pereira
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
| | - Patrick D Lombard
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Andrew Dimond
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
| | - Donna Leaford
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Frederick J Livesey
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
| | - Brian Hendrich
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
İnanir NT, Eren F, Ural MN, Eren B, Gürses MS. A case of cerebral hypoplasia/dysplasia detected at autopsy. Soud Lek 2015; 60:4-6. [PMID: 25671418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Presented case was a 2-year-old baby girl who had been treated for nearly one year with the indication of multifocal epileptiform anomaly. She was found dead in her bed in morning hours, autopsy was planned after prosecutors investigation. On internal autopsy examination, shrinkage of gyral structures in the frontal, and parietal lobes of the left hemisphere, markedly enlarged sulci, and a hypoplastic appearance were noted. Histopathological examination revealed evidence of pneumonia, brain exposed microgyral formations, disordered cortical stratification, hypercellularity, dysmorphic neuronal structures, balloon cells with diagnosis of cortical dysplasia. Pneumonia was reported as a cause of death. We aimed to discuss in the light of the literature a case with cerebral hypoplasia which is rarely seen at forensic autopsies. KEYWORDS cerebral hypoplasia/dysplasia - autopsy - congenital malformation - sudden death.
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Alexander-Bloch AF, Reiss PT, Rapoport J, McAdams H, Giedd JN, Bullmore ET, Gogtay N. Abnormal cortical growth in schizophrenia targets normative modules of synchronized development. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:438-46. [PMID: 24690112 PMCID: PMC4395469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a disorder of brain connectivity and altered neurodevelopmental processes. Cross-sectional case-control studies in different age groups have suggested that deficits in cortical thickness in childhood-onset schizophrenia may normalize over time, suggesting a disorder-related difference in cortical growth trajectories. METHODS We acquired magnetic resonance imaging scans repeated over several years for each subject, in a sample of 106 patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia and 102 age-matched healthy volunteers. Using semiparametric regression, we modeled the effect of schizophrenia on the growth curve of cortical thickness in ~80,000 locations across the cortex, in the age range 8 to 30 years. In addition, we derived normative developmental modules composed of cortical regions with similar maturational trajectories for cortical thickness in typical brain development. RESULTS We found abnormal nonlinear growth processes in prefrontal and temporal areas that have previously been implicated in schizophrenia, distinguishing for the first time between cortical areas with age-constant deficits in cortical thickness and areas whose maturational trajectories are altered in schizophrenia. In addition, we showed that when the brain is divided into five normative developmental modules, the areas with abnormal cortical growth overlap significantly only with the cingulo-fronto-temporal module. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that abnormal cortical development in schizophrenia may be modularized or constrained by the normal community structure of developmental modules of the human brain connectome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Brain Mapping Unit, Behavioural & Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Philip T Reiss
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, New York
| | - Judith Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harry McAdams
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jay N Giedd
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ed T Bullmore
- Brain Mapping Unit, Behavioural & Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire & Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge; ImmunoPsychiatry, Alternative Discovery & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Nitin Gogtay
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Bilder
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California..
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jamuar SS, Lam ATN, Kircher M, D'Gama AM, Wang J, Barry BJ, Zhang X, Hill RS, Partlow JN, Rozzo A, Servattalab S, Mehta BK, Topcu M, Amrom D, Andermann E, Dan B, Parrini E, Guerrini R, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Leventer RJ, Shen Y, Wu BL, Barkovich AJ, Sahin M, Chang BS, Bamshad M, Nickerson DA, Shendure J, Poduri A, Yu TW, Walsh CA. Somatic mutations in cerebral cortical malformations. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:733-43. [PMID: 25140959 PMCID: PMC4274952 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1314432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is increasing recognition of the role of somatic mutations in genetic disorders, the prevalence of somatic mutations in neurodevelopmental disease and the optimal techniques to detect somatic mosaicism have not been systematically evaluated. METHODS Using a customized panel of known and candidate genes associated with brain malformations, we applied targeted high-coverage sequencing (depth, ≥200×) to leukocyte-derived DNA samples from 158 persons with brain malformations, including the double-cortex syndrome (subcortical band heterotopia, 30 persons), polymicrogyria with megalencephaly (20), periventricular nodular heterotopia (61), and pachygyria (47). We validated candidate mutations with the use of Sanger sequencing and, for variants present at unequal read depths, subcloning followed by colony sequencing. RESULTS Validated, causal mutations were found in 27 persons (17%; range, 10 to 30% for each phenotype). Mutations were somatic in 8 of the 27 (30%), predominantly in persons with the double-cortex syndrome (in whom we found mutations in DCX and LIS1), persons with periventricular nodular heterotopia (FLNA), and persons with pachygyria (TUBB2B). Of the somatic mutations we detected, 5 (63%) were undetectable with the use of traditional Sanger sequencing but were validated through subcloning and subsequent sequencing of the subcloned DNA. We found potentially causal mutations in the candidate genes DYNC1H1, KIF5C, and other kinesin genes in persons with pachygyria. CONCLUSIONS Targeted sequencing was found to be useful for detecting somatic mutations in patients with brain malformations. High-coverage sequencing panels provide an important complement to whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing in the evaluation of somatic mutations in neuropsychiatric disease. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and others.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumya S Jamuar
- From the Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (S.S.J., A.-T.N.L., A.M.D., B.J.B., X.Z., R.S.H., J.N.P., A.R., S.S., B.K.M., T.W.Y., C.A.W.), and the Departments of Laboratory Medicine (J.W., Y.S., B.L.W.) and Neurology (M.S., A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, the Departments of Pediatrics (S.S.J., A.-T.N.L., A.M.D., B.J.B., X.Z., R.S.H., J.N.P., A.R., S.S., B.K.M., T.W.Y., C.A.W.), Neurology (S.S.J., A.-T.N.L., A.M.D., B.J.B., X.Z., R.S.H., J.N.P., A.R., S.S., B.K.M., T.W.Y., C.A.W., M.S., A.P.), and Pathology (Y.S., B.L.W.), Harvard Medical School, the Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (B.S.C.), and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital (T.W.Y.) - all in Boston; the Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (S.S.J.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (M.K., M.B., D.A.N., J.S.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai (J.W., Y.S.); the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey (M.T.); the Neurogenetics Unit, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.A., E.A.) and Department of Human Genetics (E.A.), McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (B.D.); the Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy (E.P., R.G.); the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg (I.E.S., S.F.B.), Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne (I.E.S.), and the Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children'
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development are common causes of developmental delay and epilepsy. Some patients have early, severe neurological impairment, but others have epilepsy or unexpected deficits that are detectable only by screening. The rapid evolution of molecular biology, genetics, and imaging has resulted in a substantial increase in knowledge about the development of the cerebral cortex and the number and types of malformations reported. Genetic studies have identified several genes that might disrupt each of the main stages of cell proliferation and specification, neuronal migration, and late cortical organisation. Many of these malformations are caused by de-novo dominant or X-linked mutations occurring in sporadic cases. Genetic testing needs accurate assessment of imaging features, and familial distribution, if any, and can be straightforward in some disorders but requires a complex diagnostic algorithm in others. Because of substantial genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity for most of these genes, a comprehensive analysis of clinical, imaging, and genetic data is needed to properly define these disorders. Exome sequencing and high-field MRI are rapidly modifying the classification of these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Guerrini
- Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Child Health, Children's Hospital A Meyer and University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Stella Maris Foundation Research Institute, Pisa, Italy.
| | - William B Dobyns
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stutterd CA, Leventer RJ. Polymicrogyria: a common and heterogeneous malformation of cortical development. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2014; 166C:227-39. [PMID: 24888723 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polymicrogyria (PMG) is one of the most common malformations of cortical development. It is characterized by overfolding of the cerebral cortex and abnormal cortical layering. It is a highly heterogeneous malformation with variable clinical and imaging features, pathological findings, and etiologies. It may occur as an isolated cortical malformation, or in association with other malformations within the brain or body as part of a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Polymicrogyria shows variable topographic patterns with the bilateral perisylvian pattern being most common. Schizencephaly is a subtype of PMG in which the overfolded cortex lines full-thickness clefts connecting the subarachnoid space with the cerebral ventricles. Both genetic and non-genetic causes of PMG have been identified. Non-genetic causes include congenital cytomegalovirus infection and in utero ischemia. Genetic causes include metabolic conditions such as peroxisomal disorders and the 22q11.2 and 1p36 continguous gene deletion syndromes. Mutations in over 30 genes have been found in association with PMG, especially mutations in the tubulin family of genes. Mutations in the (PI3K)-AKT pathway have been found in association PMG and megalencephaly. Despite recent genetic advances, the mechanisms by which polymicrogyric cortex forms and causes of the majority of cases remain unknown, making diagnostic and prenatal testing and genetic counseling challenging. This review summarizes the clinical, imaging, pathologic, and etiologic features of PMG, highlighting recent genetic advances.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee JM, Tu Y, Tatar A, Wu D, Nobumori C, Jung HJ, Yoshinaga Y, Coffinier C, de Jong PJ, Fong LG, Young SG. Reciprocal knock-in mice to investigate the functional redundancy of lamin B1 and lamin B2. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1666-75. [PMID: 24672053 PMCID: PMC4019497 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-01-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins B1 and B2 (B-type lamins) have very similar sequences and are expressed ubiquitously. In addition, both Lmnb1- and Lmnb2-deficient mice die soon after birth with neuronal layering abnormalities in the cerebral cortex, a consequence of defective neuronal migration. The similarities in amino acid sequences, expression patterns, and knockout phenotypes raise the question of whether the two proteins have redundant functions. To investigate this topic, we generated "reciprocal knock-in mice"-mice that make lamin B2 from the Lmnb1 locus (Lmnb1(B2/B2)) and mice that make lamin B1 from the Lmnb2 locus (Lmnb2(B1/B1)). Lmnb1(B2/B2) mice produced increased amounts of lamin B2 but no lamin B1; they died soon after birth with neuronal layering abnormalities in the cerebral cortex. However, the defects in Lmnb1(B2/B2) mice were less severe than those in Lmnb1-knockout mice, indicating that increased amounts of lamin B2 partially ameliorate the abnormalities associated with lamin B1 deficiency. Similarly, increased amounts of lamin B1 in Lmnb2(B1/B1) mice did not prevent the neurodevelopmental defects elicited by lamin B2 deficiency. We conclude that lamins B1 and B2 have unique roles in the developing brain and that increased production of one B-type lamin does not fully complement loss of the other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yiping Tu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Angelica Tatar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Daniel Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Chika Nobumori
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hea-Jin Jung
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yuko Yoshinaga
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609
| | - Catherine Coffinier
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Pieter J de Jong
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609
| | - Loren G Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Structural abnormalities of the brain are increasingly recognized in patients with neurodevelopmental delay and intractable focal epilepsies. The access to clinically well-characterized neurosurgical material has provided a unique opportunity to better define the neuropathological, neurochemical, and molecular features of epilepsy-associated focal developmental lesions. These studies help to further understand the epileptogenic mechanisms of these lesions. Neuropathological evaluation of surgical specimens from patients with epilepsy-associated developmental lesions reveals two major pathologies: focal cortical dysplasia and low-grade developmental tumors (glioneuronal tumors). In the last few years there have been major advances in the recognition of a wide spectrum of developmental lesions associated with a intractable epilepsy, including cortical tubers in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and hemimegalencephaly. As an increasing number of entities are identified, the development of a unified and comprehensive classification represents a great challenge and requires continuous updates. The present article reviews current knowledge of molecular pathogenesis and the pathophysiological mechanisms of epileptogenesis in this group of developmental disorders. Both emerging neuropathological and basic science evidence will be analyzed, highlighting the involvement of different, but often converging, pathogenetic and epileptogenic mechanisms, which may create the basis for new therapeutic strategies in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vinurel N, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Cagneaux M, Garel C, Quarello E, Brasseur M, Picone O, Ferry M, Gaucherand P, des Portes V, Guibaud L. Distortion of the anterior part of the interhemispheric fissure: significance and implications for prenatal diagnosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43:346-352. [PMID: 23640781 DOI: 10.1002/uog.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to illustrate the significance of a new anatomical finding, distortion of the interhemispheric fissure (DIHF) associated with impacted medial borders of the frontal lobes, we report a retrospective observational study of 13 fetuses in which DIHF was identified on prenatal imaging. In 10 cases there were associated anatomical anomalies, including mainly midline anomalies (syntelencephaly (n=2), lobar holoprosencephaly (n=1), Aicardi syndrome (n=2)), but also schizencephaly (n=1), cortical dysplasia (n=1) and more complex cerebral malformations (n=3), including neural tube defect in two cases. Chromosomal anomaly was identified in two cases, including 6p deletion in a case without associated central nervous system anomalies and a complex mosaicism in one of the cases with syntelencephaly. In two cases, the finding was apparently isolated on both pre- and postnatal imaging, and the children were doing well at follow-up, aged 4 and 5 years. The presence of DIHF on prenatal imaging may help in the diagnosis of cerebral anomalies, especially those involving the midline. If DIHF is apparently isolated on prenatal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging is recommended for careful analysis of gyration and midline, especially optic and olfactory structures. Karyotyping is also recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Vinurel
- Département d'Imagerie Pédiatrique et Foetale, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Lyon Bron, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mous SE, Karatekin C, Kao CY, Gottesman II, Posthuma D, White T. Gyrification differences in children and adolescents with velocardiofacial syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2014; 221:169-71. [PMID: 24377834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain gyrification patterns between 19 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 9 children with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), and 23 control children. We found that VCFS is associated with widespread decreases in gyrification. In ADHD, we found minor differences from control children. No evidence was found for common gyrification patterns between VCFS and ADHD children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine E Mous
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Canan Karatekin
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chiu-Yen Kao
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | | | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Complex Traits Genetics, VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Section on Medical Genomics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Horiuchi-Hirose M, Saito S, Sato C, Aoyama J, Kobayashi T, Sawada K. Cerebral cortical hypoplasia with abnormal morphology of pyramidal neuron in growth-retarded mouse (grt/grt). Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2014; 74:242-56. [PMID: 25231844 DOI: 10.55782/ane-2014-1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively characterize structural abnormalities of the cerebrum in a growth-retarded mouse (grt/grt) with a tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2 gene defect. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images were obtained from fixed brains of male homogenous grt/grt (n=5) and heterozygous grt/+ (n=5) mice at 15 weeks of age, and volumes of representative cerebral regions were calculated on the basis of those images. Following CT measurements, cryosections of the brain were made, and immunohistochemistry for NeuN and SMI-32 was carried out. By CT-based volumetry, region-specific reductions in volumes were marked in the cerebral cortex and white matter, but not in other cerebral regions of grt/grt. When quantitatively evaluating the shape of the cerebral cortex, the frontooccipital length of the cortex was significantly smaller in grt/grt than in grt/+, whereas the cortical width was not altered in grt/grt. On the other hand, both cortical thickness and density of NeuN-immunopositive neurons in three distinctive cortical regions, i.e., the primary motor cortex, barrel field of primary somatosensory cortex and primary visual cortex, were not different between grt/grt and grt/+. By semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis, the intensity of SMI-32 immunostaining was significantly weaker in grt/grt than in grt/+ in the three cortical areas examined. SMI-32 staining was reduced, particularly in layer III pyramidal neurons in grt/grt, while it was sustained in multipolar neurons. The present results suggest that cerebral abnormalities in grt/grt mice are characterized by cortical hypoplasia at the frontooccipital axis with immature pyramidal neurons and insufficient development of callosal fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Horiuchi-Hirose
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Melbourne A, Kendall GS, Cardoso MJ, Gunny R, Robertson NJ, Marlow N, Ourselin S. Preterm birth affects the developmental synergy between cortical folding and cortical connectivity observed on multimodal MRI. Neuroimage 2013; 89:23-34. [PMID: 24315841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival rates of infants born prematurely have improved as a result of advances in neonatal care, although there remains an increased risk of subsequent disability. Accurate measurement of the shape and appearance of the very preterm brain at term-equivalent age may guide the development of predictive biomarkers of neurological outcome. We demonstrate in 92 preterm infants (born at an average gestational age of 27.0±2.7weeks) scanned at term equivalent age (scanned at 40.4±1.74weeks) that the cortical sulcation ratio varies spatially over the cortical surface at term equivalent age and correlates significantly with gestational age at birth (r=0.49,p<0.0001). In the underlying white matter, fractional anisotropy of local white matter regions correlated significantly with gestational age at birth at term equivalent age (for the genu of the corpus callosum r=0.26,p=0.02 and for the splenium r=0.52,p<0.001) and in addition the fractional anisotropy in these local regions varies according to location. Finally, we demonstrate that connectivity measurements from tractography correlate significantly and specifically with the sulcation ratio of the overlying cortical surface at term equivalent age in a subgroup of 20 infants (r={0.67,0.61,0.86}, p={0.004,0.01,0.00002}) for tract systems emanating from the left and right corticospinal tracts and the corpus callosum respectively). Combined, these results suggest a close relationship between the cortical surface phenotype and underlying white matter structure assessed by diffusion weighted MRI. The spatial surface pattern may allow inference on the connectivity and developmental trajectory of the underlying white matter complementary to diffusion imaging and this result may guide the development of biomarkers of functional outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Melbourne
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, UK.
| | - Giles S Kendall
- Academic Neonatology, EGA UCL Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - M Jorge Cardoso
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, UK
| | - Roxanna Gunny
- Academic Neonatology, EGA UCL Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | | | - Neil Marlow
- Academic Neonatology, EGA UCL Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cagneaux M, Lacalm A, Huissoud C, Allias F, Ville D, Massardier J, Guibaud L. Agenesis of the corpus callosum with interhemispheric cyst, associated with aberrant cortical sulci and without underlying cortical dysplasia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013; 42:603-605. [PMID: 23801583 DOI: 10.1002/uog.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Cagneaux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Imagerie Pédiatrique et Foetale, Hopital Femme Mère Enfant, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69677, Lyon, Bron, France; Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Diagnostic Prénatal, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 69677, Lyon, Bron, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Higginbotham H, Guo J, Yokota Y, Umberger NL, Su CY, Li J, Verma N, Hirt J, Caspary T, Anton ES. Arl13b-regulated cilia activities are essential for polarized radial glial scaffold formation. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16:1000-7. [PMID: 23817546 PMCID: PMC3866024 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The construction of cerebral cortex begins with the formation of radial glia. Once formed, polarized radial glial cells divide either symmetrically or asymmetrically to balance appropriate production of progenitor cells and neurons. Following birth, neurons use the processes of radial glia as scaffolding for oriented migration. Radial glia therefore provide an instructive structural matrix to coordinate the generation and placement of distinct groups of cortical neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. We found that Arl13b, a cilia-enriched small GTPase that is mutated in Joubert syndrome, was critical for the initial formation of the polarized radial progenitor scaffold. Using developmental stage-specific deletion of Arl13b in mouse cortical progenitors, we found that early neuroepithelial deletion of ciliary Arl13b led to a reversal of the apical-basal polarity of radial progenitors and aberrant neuronal placement. Arl13b modulated ciliary signaling necessary for radial glial polarity. Our findings indicate that Arl13b signaling in primary cilia is crucial for the initial formation of a polarized radial glial scaffold and suggest that disruption of this process may contribute to aberrant neurodevelopment and brain abnormalities in Joubert syndrome-related ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holden Higginbotham
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jiami Guo
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yukako Yokota
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicole L. Umberger
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Chen-Ying Su
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Jingjun Li
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nisha Verma
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Joshua Hirt
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - E. S. Anton
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Perisylvian syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterised by the partial paralysis of muscles, epilepsy and mild to severe mental retardation. It is associated with hearing loss and delay in language and speech development. This presents additional challenges in the assessment of whether a child is suitable for cochlea implantation. The method to determine whether the hearing loss is of cochlear or central origin and the progress of a child with Perisylvian syndrome who received a cochlear implant is discussed.
Collapse
|
44
|
Favero CB, Henshaw RN, Grimsley-Myers CM, Shrestha A, Beier DR, Dwyer ND. Mutation of the BiP/GRP78 gene causes axon outgrowth and fasciculation defects in the thalamocortical connections of the mammalian forebrain. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:677-96. [PMID: 22821687 PMCID: PMC3515720 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proper development of axonal connections is essential for brain function. A forward genetic screen for mice with defects in thalamocortical development previously isolated a mutant called baffled. Here we describe the axonal defects of baffled in further detail and identify a point mutation in the Hspa5 gene, encoding the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP/GRP78. This hypomorphic mutation of BiP disrupts proper development of the thalamocortical axon projection and other forebrain axon tracts, as well as cortical lamination. In baffled mutant brains, a reduced number of thalamic axons innervate the cortex by the time of birth. Thalamocortical and corticothalamic axons are delayed, overfasciculated, and disorganized along their pathway through the ventral telencephalon. Furthermore, dissociated mutant neurons show reduced axon extension in vitro. Together, these findings demonstrate a sensitive requirement for the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP/GRP78 during axon outgrowth and pathfinding in the developing mammalian brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlita B. Favero
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Rasha N. Henshaw
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | | | - Ayushma Shrestha
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David R. Beier
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noelle D. Dwyer
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCD) represent a major cause of developmental disabilities and severe epilepsy. Advances in imaging and genetics have improved the diagnosis and classification of these conditions. Up to now, eight genes have been involved in different types of MCD. Lissencephaly-pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) represent a malformative spectrum resulting from mutations of either LIS1 or DCX genes. LIS1 mutations cause a more severe malformation in the posterior brain regions. DCX mutations usually cause anteriorly predominant lissencephaly in males and SBH in female patients. Additional forms are X-linked lissencephaly with corpus callosum agenesis and ambiguous genitalia associated with mutations of the ARX gene. Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia (LCH) encompass heterogeneous disorders named LCH types a to d. LCHa is related to mutation in LIS1 or DCX, LCHb with mutation of the RELN gene, and LCHd could be related to the TUBA1A gene. Polymicrogyria encompasses a wide range of clinical, etiological, and histological findings. Among several syndromes, recessive bilateral fronto-parietal polymicrogyria has been associated with mutations of the GPR56 gene. Bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria has been associated with mutations in the SRPX2 gene in a few individuals and with linkage to chromosome Xq28 in a some other families. X-linked bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) consists of PNH with focal epilepsy in females and prenatal lethality in males. Filamin A (FLNA) mutations have been reported in some families and in sporadic patients. It is possible to infer the most likely causative gene by brain imaging studies and other clinical findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Université Paris Descartes; Imaging Institute; INSERM U781, Paris, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital ocular colobomas are the result of a failure in closure of the embryonal fissure. We present a prospective study (2007-2011) in which we report brain MRI findings in children with ocular coloboma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-five children (54 eyes) were included; 15 boys, 20 girls with a median age of 24.0 months (1.0-96.0) at first presentation. Within 2 to 3 months following complete ophthalmologic examination, brain MRI was performed. RESULTS Colobomas were bilateral in 19 cases and unilateral in 16 cases. Eleven different types of coloboma were identified. Of 54 eyes, 74% demonstrated optic nerve coloboma, of which 28 were severe. Of 35 MRI's performed, abnormalities were present in 86%: gyration abnormalities (n=21), lateral ventricular dilatation (n=17), dilatation of the Virchow-Robin and subarachnoid spaces (n=14), signal abnormalities and brain stem malformations (n=14), white matter signal abnormalities (n=11), corpus callosum abnormalities (n=10). Most of these abnormalities were related. Gyration abnormalities were the most frequent. There was no significant association between the severity of the coloboma and the abnormalities found (P=1.0). Likewise, there was no significant association of gyration abnormalities with the severity of coloboma in children (P=1.0). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study shows, for the first time, the existence of frequent cerebral abnormalities on MRI in children with ocular coloboma. The most common abnormality being gyration abnormalities, in 60% of cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Denis
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille cedex 20, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Singer K, Luo R, Jeong SJ, Piao X. GPR56 and the developing cerebral cortex: cells, matrix, and neuronal migration. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:186-96. [PMID: 23001883 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GPR56, a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, is integral to the development of the cortex, as mutations in GPR56 cause bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). BFPP is a cobblestone-like cortical malformation, characterized by overmigrating neurons and the formation of neuronal ectopias on the surface of the brain. Since its original cloning a decade ago, GPR56 has emerged from an orphaned and uncharacterized protein to an increasingly well-understood receptor, both in terms of its signaling and function. Collagen III is the ligand of GPR56 in the developing brain. Upon binding to collagen III, GPR56 activates RhoA via coupling to Gα(12/13). This pathway appears to be particularly critical in the preplate neurons, which are the earliest born neurons in the cortex, as the expression pattern of GPR56 in these neurons mimics the anterior to posterior gradient of malformation associated with loss of GPR56 in both humans and mice. Further characterizing the role of GPR56 in the preplate will shed light on the mechanism of cortical development and patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Singer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Konanki R, Lingappa L. Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures: a structural abnormality or a metabolic disturbance? Pediatr Neurol 2012; 47:229; author reply 229-30. [PMID: 22883298 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
50
|
|