1
|
Jundziłł A, Klimczak A, Sonmez E, Brzezicki G, Siemionow M. The Positive Impact of Donor Bone Marrow Cells Transplantation into Immunoprivileged Compartments on the Survival of Vascularized Skin Allografts. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:28. [PMID: 34633538 PMCID: PMC8505373 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using the vascularized skin allograft (VSA) model, we compared the tolerogenic effects of different allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) delivery routes into immunoprivileged compartments under a 7-day protocol immunosuppressive therapy. Twenty-eight fully MHC mismatched VSA transplants were performed between ACI (RT1a) donors and Lewis (RT11) recipients in four groups of seven animals each, under a 7-day protocol of alfa/beta TCRmAb/CsA (alpha/beta-TCR monoclonal antibodies/Cyclosporine A therapy). Donor bone marrow cells (BMC) (100 × 106 cells) were injected into three different immunoprivileged compartments: Group 1: Control, without cellular supportive therapy, Group 2: Intracapsular BMT, Group 3: Intragonadal BMT, Group 4: Intrathecal BMT. In Group 2, BMC were transplanted under the kidney capsule. In Group 3, BMC were transplanted into the right testis between tunica albuginea and seminiferous tubules, and in Group 4, cells were injected intrathecally. The assessment included: skin evaluation for signs and grade of rejection and immunohistochemistry for donor cells engraftment into host lymphoid compartments. Donor-specific chimerism for MHC class I (RT1a) antigens and the presence of CD4+/CD25+ T cells were assessed in the peripheral blood of recipients. The most extended allograft survival, 50–78 days, was observed in Group 4 after intrathecal BMT. The T cells CD4+/CD25+ in the peripheral blood were higher after intrathecal BMC injection than other experimental groups at each post-transplant time point. Transplantation of BMC into immunoprivileged compartments delayed rejection of fully mismatched VSA and induction of robust, donor-specific chimerism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Jundziłł
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aleksandra Klimczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erhan Sonmez
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Katip Çelebi Üniversity, Atatürk Training Hospital, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Grzegorz Brzezicki
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Maria Siemionow
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thomson AW, Sasaki K, Ezzelarab MB. Non-human Primate Regulatory T Cells and Their Assessment as Cellular Therapeutics in Preclinical Transplantation Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:666959. [PMID: 34211972 PMCID: PMC8239398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.666959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHP) are an important resource for addressing key issues regarding the immunobiology of regulatory T cells (Treg), their in vivo manipulation and the translation of adoptive Treg therapy to clinical application. In addition to their phenotypic and functional characterization, particularly in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, NHP Treg have been isolated and expanded successfully ex vivo. Their numbers can be enhanced in vivo by administration of IL-2 and other cytokines. Both polyclonal and donor antigen (Ag) alloreactive NHP Treg have been expanded ex vivo and their potential to improve long-term outcomes in organ transplantation assessed following their adoptive transfer in combination with various cytoreductive, immunosuppressive and "Treg permissive" agents. In addition, important insights have been gained into the in vivo fate/biodistribution, functional stability, replicative capacity and longevity of adoptively-transferred Treg in monkeys. We discuss current knowledge of NHP Treg immunobiology, methods for their in vivo expansion and functional validation, and results obtained testing their safety and efficacy in organ and pancreatic islet transplantation models. We compare and contrast results obtained in NHP and mice and also consider prospects for future, clinically relevant studies in NHP aimed at improved understanding of Treg biology, and innovative approaches to promote and evaluate their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus W Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mohamed B Ezzelarab
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heterotopic Porcine Cardiac Xenotransplantation in the Intra-Abdominal Position in a Non-Human Primate Model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10709. [PMID: 32612124 PMCID: PMC7329828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic cardiac transplantation in the intra-abdominal position in a large animal model has been essential in the progression of the field of cardiac transplantation. Our group has over 10 years of experience in cardiac xenotransplantation with pig to baboon models, the longest xenograft of which survived over 900 days, with rejection only after reducing immunosuppression. This article aims to clarify our approach to this model in order to allow others to share success in long-term survival. Here, we demonstrate the approach to implantation of a cardiac graft into the intra-abdominal position in a baboon recipient for the study of transplantation and briefly highlight our model's ability to provide insight into not only xenotransplantation but across disciplines. We include details that have provided us with consistent success in this model; performance of the anastomoses, de-airing of the graft, implantation of a long-term telemetry device for invasive graft monitoring, and ideal geometric positioning of the heart and telemetry device in the limited space of the recipient abdomen. We additionally detail surveillance techniques to assess long-term graft function.
Collapse
|
4
|
Xenotransplantation tolerance: applications for recent advances in modified swine. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019; 23:642-648. [PMID: 30379724 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to review the recent progress in xenotransplantation achieved through genetic engineering and discuss the potential of tolerance induction to overcome remaining barriers to extended xenograft survival. RECENT FINDINGS The success of life-saving allotransplantation has created a demand for organ transplantation that cannot be met by the supply of human organs. Xenotransplantation is one possible solution that would allow for a nearly unlimited supply of organs. Recent genetic engineering of swine has decreased the reactivity of preformed antibodies to some, but not all, potential human recipients. Experiments using genetically modified swine organs have now resulted in survival of life-supporting kidneys for over a year. However, the grafts show evidence of antibody-mediated rejection on histology, suggesting additional measures will be required for further extension of graft survival. Tolerance induction through mixed chimerism or thymic transplantation across xenogeneic barriers would be well suited for patients with a positive crossmatch to genetically modified swine or relatively negative crossmatches to genetically modified swine, respectively. SUMMARY This review highlights the current understanding of the immunologic processes in xenotransplantation and describes the development and application of strategies designed to overcome them from the genetic modification of the source animal to the induction of tolerance to xenografts.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, He C, Liu J, Lv Z, Wang G, Gao H, Dai Y, Cooper DKC, Cai Z, Mou L. Transplant Tolerance: Current Insights and Strategies for Long-Term Survival of Xenografts. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 66:355-364. [PMID: 29992337 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation is an attractive solution to the problem of allograft shortage. However, transplants across discordant species barriers are subject to vigorous immunologic and pathobiologic hurdles, some of which might be overcome with the induction of immunologic tolerance. Several strategies have been designed to induce tolerance to a xenograft at both the central (including induction of mixed chimerism and thymic transplantation) and peripheral (including adoptive transfer of regulatory cells and blocking T cell costimulation) levels. Currently, xenograft tolerance has been well-established in rodent models, but these protocols have not yet achieved similar success in nonhuman primates. This review will discuss the major barriers that impede the establishment of immunological tolerance across xenogeneic barriers and the potential solution to these challenges, and provide a perspective on the future of the development of novel tolerance-inducing strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center' Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology' Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology' Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwu Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology' Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Ganlu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology' Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center' Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program/Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center' Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center' Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chan JL, Miller JG, Singh AK, Horvath KA, Corcoran PC, Mohiuddin MM. Consideration of appropriate clinical applications for cardiac xenotransplantation. Clin Transplant 2018; 32:e13330. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L. Chan
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart; Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Justin G. Miller
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart; Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Avneesh K. Singh
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart; Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Keith A. Horvath
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart; Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Philip C. Corcoran
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart; Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Muhammad M. Mohiuddin
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart; Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ezzelarab MB. Regulatory T cells from allo- to xenotransplantation: Opportunities and challenges. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12415. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed B. Ezzelarab
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Li Y, Liu X, Liang Z, Yan M, Liu Q, Chen A, Bao Y, Zhou C, Li S, Yee C, Li Y. ImmTAC/Anti-PD-1 antibody combination to enhance killing of cancer cells by reversing regulatory T-cell-mediated immunosuppression. Immunology 2018; 155:238-250. [PMID: 29791021 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, bi-functional molecules that can redirect immune effectors to tumour cells have emerged as potentially robust mediators of tumour regression in clinical trials. Two modalities in particular, bi-specific antibodies for T-cell redirection and activation (BiTe) and immune-mobilizing monoclonal T-cell receptors against cancer (ImmTAC), are being evaluated in efficacy studies as 'off-the-shelf' reagents. Optimal therapy will require an understanding and means to address regulatory mechanisms of limiting efficacy. In light of this, we evaluated the impact of induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells on the efficacy of tumour cell killing redirected by ImmTAC and demonstrated down-regulation of T-cell proliferation and expression of CD25, CD107a, Granzyme B and Perforin by ImmTAC-redirected T cells. Significant recovery of ImmTAC potency, however, could be achieved when combined with an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, we found that among lung cancer patients failing to respond to ImmTAC therapy, there was a significantly higher fraction of Treg cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of lung cancer patients than in healthy donors. These results provide in vitro evidence for an iTreg cell-mediated immunosuppression of ImmTAC-redirected T-cell responses. Whilst immune checkpoint blockade can reverse the Treg cell suppression, it forms a rational basis for a combination of the blockade with ImmTAC in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoduan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyong Yan
- XiangXue Life Sciences Research Centre, XiangXue Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,XiangXue Life Sciences Research Centre, XiangXue Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh AK, Chan JL, Seavey CN, Corcoran PC, Hoyt RF, Lewis BGT, Thomas ML, Ayares DL, Horvath KA, Mohiuddin MM. CD4+CD25 Hi FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in long-term cardiac xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2017; 25:e12379. [PMID: 29250828 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+CD25Hi FoxP3+ T (Treg) cells are a small subset of CD4+ T cells that have been shown to exhibit immunoregulatory function. Although the absolute number of Treg cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is very small, they play an important role in suppressing immune reactivity. Several studies have demonstrated that the number of Treg cells, rather than their intrinsic suppressive capacity, may contribute to determining the long-term fate of transplanted grafts. In this study, we analyzed Treg cells in PBL of long-term baboon recipients who have received genetically modified cardiac xenografts from pig donors. METHODS Heterotopic cardiac xenotransplantation was performed on baboons using hearts obtained from GTKO.hCD46 (n = 8) and GTKO.hCD46.TBM (n = 5) genetically modified pigs. Modified immunosuppression regimen included antithymocyte globulin (ATG), anti-CD20, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cobra venom factor (CVF), and costimulation blockade (anti-CD154/anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody). FACS analysis was performed on PBLs labeled with anti-human CD4, CD25, and FoxP3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to analyze the percentage of Treg cells in six baboons that survived longer than 2 months (range: 42-945 days) after receiving a pig cardiac xenograft. RESULTS Total WBC count was low due to immunosuppression in baboons who received cardiac xenograft from GTKO.hCD46 and GTKO.hCD46.hTBM donor pigs. However, absolute numbers of CD4+CD25Hi FoxP3 Treg cells in PBLs of long-term xenograft cardiac xenograft surviving baboon recipients were found to be increased (15.13 ± 1.50 vs 7.38 ± 2.92; P < .018) as compared to naïve or pre-transplant baboons. Xenograft rejection in these animals was correlated with decreased numbers of regulatory T cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that regulatory T (Treg) cells may contribute to preventing or delaying xenograft rejection by controlling the activation and expansion of donor-reactive T cells, thereby masking the antidonor immune response, leading to long-term survival of cardiac xenografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avneesh K Singh
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua L Chan
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caleb N Seavey
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip C Corcoran
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Hoyt
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Billeta G T Lewis
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marvin L Thomas
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Keith A Horvath
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muhammad M Mohiuddin
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li M, Eckl J, Abicht JM, Mayr T, Reichart B, Schendel DJ, Pohla H. Induction of porcine-specific regulatory T cells with high specificity and expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 using baboon-derived tolerogenic dendritic cells. Xenotransplantation 2017; 25. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Li
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology; LIFE Center; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
- Department of Urology; University Hospital; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Judith Eckl
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Munich Germany
- Medigene Immunotherapies GmbH; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Tanja Mayr
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Dolores J. Schendel
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Munich Germany
- Medigene Immunotherapies GmbH; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Heike Pohla
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology; LIFE Center; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
- Department of Urology; University Hospital; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang D, Wang Y, Hawthorne WJ, Hu M, Hawkes J, Burns H, Davies S, Gao F, Chew YV, Yi S, O'Connell PJ. Ex vivo-expanded baboon CD39 + regulatory T cells prevent rejection of porcine islet xenografts in NOD-SCID IL-2rγ -/- mice reconstituted with baboon peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24. [PMID: 28963731 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high immunosuppressive burden is required for long-term islet xenograft survival in non-human primates even using genetically modified donor pigs. AIMS We aimed to investigate the capacity of baboon regulatory T cells (Treg) to suppress islet xenograft rejection, thereby developing a potential immunoregulatory or tolerance therapy that could be evaluated in NHP models of xenotransplantation. MATERIALS & METHODS Baboon Treg expanded with stimulation by porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were characterized by cell phenotyping and suppressive activity assays in vitro. Their function in vivo was evaluated in neonatal porcine islet cell clusters (NICC) transplanted NOD-SCID IL-2rγ-/- (NSG) mice receiving baboon PBMC alone or with expanded autologous Treg. RESULTS The majority of expanded Treg coexpressed Foxp3 and CD39 and were highly suppressive of the baboon anti-pig xenogeneic T cell response in vitro. Reconstitution of mice with baboon PBMC alone resulted in NICC xenograft rejection within 35 days. Cotransfer with baboon PBMC and Treg prolonged islet xenograft survival beyond 100 days, correlating with Treg engraftment, intragraft CD39 and Foxp3 gene expression, and reduced graft infiltrating effector T cells and reduced interferon-γ production. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION Our data supports the capacity of ex vivo expanded CD39+ baboon Treg to suppress islet xenograft rejection in primatized mice, suggesting it has potential as an adjunctive immunotherapy in preclinical NHP models of xenotransplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Hawkes
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather Burns
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sussan Davies
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Feng Gao
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy, 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Vee Chew
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Shounan Yi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang S, Jin H, Tang Q, Fu J, Ren Z, Peng C, Shang L, Hao W, Wei X. The effect of ethephon on immune system in male offspring of mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:119-123. [PMID: 27987403 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethephon can liberate ethylene which could interfere the plant growth process. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ethephon on developing immune system of male offspring. Ethephon could enhance NK cell activity in male mice. For 4-week-old male mice, lymphocytes of peripheral blood increased while the hemolytic plaque number decreased. Delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) was inhibited in all groups. The expression of protein Bcl11b and p-p38 in thymus of treatment groups were lower than control group. Our results indicated that cellular immunity of male offspring is more sensitive to ethephon when exposed in pregnancy and lactation period. It should be emphasized that exposure to ethephon during the in utero stage and lactation stage still could damage the immune function of animal in the period before fully mature even in the dosage that could not influence the immune function of adult animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Haifeng Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qiuqiong Tang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zeming Ren
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Cike Peng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lanqin Shang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chemoattractant Signals and Adhesion Molecules Promoting Human Regulatory T Cell Recruitment to Porcine Endothelium. Transplantation 2016; 100:753-62. [PMID: 26720299 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (huTreg) suppress CD4+ T cell-mediated antipig xenogeneic responses in vitro and might therefore be used to induce xenograft tolerance. The present study investigated the role of the adhesion molecules, their porcine ligands, and the chemoattractant factors that may promote the recruitment of huTreg to porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) and their capacity to regulate antiporcine natural killer (NK) cell responses. METHODS Interactions between ex vivo expanded huTreg and PAEC were studied by static chemotaxis assays and flow-based adhesion and transmigration assays. In addition, the suppressive function of huTreg on human antiporcine NK cell responses was analyzed. RESULTS The TNFα-activated PAEC released factors that induce huTreg chemotaxis, partially inhibited by antihuman CXCR3 blocking antibodies. Coating of PAEC with human CCL17 significantly increased the transmigration of CCR4+ huTreg under physiological shear stress. Under static conditions, transendothelial Treg migration was inhibited by blocking integrin sub-units (CD18, CD49d) on huTreg, or their respective porcine ligands intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (CD102) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD106). Finally, huTreg partially suppressed xenogeneic human NK cell adhesion, NK cytotoxicity and degranulation (CD107 expression) against PAEC; however, this inhibition was modest, and there was no significant change in the production of IFNγ. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment of huTreg to porcine endothelium depends on particular chemokine receptors (CXCR3, CCR4) and integrins (CD18 and CD49d) and was increased by CCL17 coating. These results will help to develop new strategies to enhance the recruitment of host huTreg to xenogeneic grafts to regulate cell-mediated xenograft rejection including NK cell responses.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao Y, Gillen JR, Meher AK, Burns JA, Kron IL, Lau CL. Rapamycin prevents bronchiolitis obliterans through increasing infiltration of regulatory B cells in a murine tracheal transplantation model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 151:487-96.e3. [PMID: 26481278 PMCID: PMC4728002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE B lymphocytes are generally considered to be activators of the immune response; however, recent findings have shown that a subtype of B lymphocytes, regulatory B lymphocytes, play a role in attenuating the immune response. Bronchiolitis obliterans remains the major limitation to modern-day lung transplantation. The role of regulatory B lymphocytes in bronchiolitis obliterans has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that regulatory B lymphocytes play a role in the attenuation of bronchiolitis obliterans. METHODS We performed a standard heterotopic tracheal transplant model. Tracheas from Balb/c mice were transplanted into C57BL/6 recipients. Rapamycin treatment and dimethyl sulfoxide control groups were each treated for the first 14 days after the transplant. Tracheas were collected on days 7, 14, and 28 post-transplantation. Luminal obliteration was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Picrosirius red staining. Immune cell infiltration and characteristics, and secretion of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 were accessed by immunohistochemistry. Cytokines and transforming growth factor-β1 were measured using the Luminex assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, Calif). RESULTS The results revealed that intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin for 14 days after tracheal transplantation significantly reduced luminal obliteration on day 28 when compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide control group (97.78% ± 3.63% vs 3.02% ± 2.14%, P < .001). Rapamycin treatment markedly induced regulatory B lymphocytes (B220(+)IgM(+)IgG(-)IL-10(+)TGF-β1(+)) cells when compared with dimethyl sulfoxide controls. Rapamycin treatment inhibited interleukin-1β, 6, 13, and 17 on days 7 and 14. Rapamycin also greatly increased interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 production in B cells and regulatory T lymphocytes infiltration on day 28. CONCLUSIONS Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition decreases the development of bronchiolitis obliterans via inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and increasing regulatory B lymphocytes cell infiltration, which subsequently produces anti-inflammatory cytokines and upregulates regulatory T lymphocyte cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunge Zhao
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Jacob R Gillen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Akshaya K Meher
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Jordan A Burns
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Irving L Kron
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Christine L Lau
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Higginbotham L, Ford ML, Newell KA, Adams AB. Preventing T cell rejection of pig xenografts. Int J Surg 2015; 23:285-290. [PMID: 26306770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation is a potential solution to the limited supply of donor organs. While early barriers to xenograft acceptance, such as hyperacute rejection, are now largely avoided through genetic engineering, the next frontier in successful xenograft survival will require prevention of T cell-mediated rejection. Most successful immunosuppressive regimens in xenotransplantation utilize T cell depletion with antibody therapy. Additionally, the use of T cell costimulatory blockade - specifically blockade of the CD40-CD154 pathway - shows promise with several reports of long-term xenograft survival. Additional therapies, such as transgenic expression of T cell coinhibitory molecules or transfer of immunomodulatory cells to promote tolerance, may be necessary to achieve reliable long-term xenograft acceptance. Further studies in pre-clinical models are essential in order to optimize these regimens prior to trials in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Higginbotham
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Newell
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew B Adams
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Griesemer A, Yamada K, Sykes M. Xenotransplantation: immunological hurdles and progress toward tolerance. Immunol Rev 2015; 258:241-58. [PMID: 24517437 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The discrepancy between organ need and organ availability represents one of the major limitations in the field of transplantation. One possible solution to this problem is xenotransplantation. Research in this field has identified several obstacles that have so far prevented the successful development of clinical xenotransplantation protocols. The main immunologic barriers include strong T-cell and B-cell responses to solid organ and cellular xenografts. In addition, components of the innate immune system can mediate xenograft rejection. Here, we review these immunologic and physiologic barriers and describe some of the strategies that we and others have developed to overcome them. We also describe the development of two strategies to induce tolerance across the xenogeneic barrier, namely thymus transplantation and mixed chimerism, from their inception in rodent models through their current progress in preclinical large animal models. We believe that the addition of further beneficial transgenes to Gal knockout swine, combined with new therapies such as Treg administration, will allow for successful clinical application of xenotransplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Griesemer
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Restimulation After Cryopreservation and Thawing Preserves the Phenotype and Function of Expanded Baboon Regulatory T Cells. Transplant Direct 2015; 1:1-7. [PMID: 27019869 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Treg) are being explored for their tolerance-inducing capabilities. Freezing and banking Treg for future use makes this strategy more clinically applicable. We aimed to devise an improved method of expanding and cryopreserving Treg to maximize yield, purity, and function for use in xenotransplantation. METHODS Baboon peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from whole blood. CD4+/CD25hi cells were isolated by flow cytometric sorting and expanded for 26 days in culture with IL-2, anti-CD3 antibody, artificial APCs transfected with human CD58, CD32, and CD80, and rapamycin with weekly restimulations. Expanded Treg were frozen for 2 months then thawed and cultured for 48 hours in medium plus 1) no additives, 2) IL-2, 3) anti-CD3 antibody, 4) IL-2 + anti-CD3 antibody, and 5) IL-2 + anti-CD3 antibody + L cells. Phenotype and suppression were assessed after expansion, immediately after thawing, and after culturing. RESULTS We expanded purified baboon Treg more than 10,000-fold. Expanded Treg exhibited excellent suppression in functional assays. Cryopreservation decreased suppressive function without changing phenotype, but increasing amounts of reactivation after thawing produced significantly better viability and suppressive function with a trend towards greater Treg purity. CONCLUSIONS We produced numbers of expanded Tregs consistent with clinical use. In contrast to some previous reports, both Treg phenotype and suppressive function were preserved or even enhanced by increasing amounts of restimulation after thawing. Thus, banking of expanded recipient Tregs for in vivo infusion should be possible.
Collapse
|
18
|
The effects of rapamycin on regulatory T cells: Its potential time-dependent role in inducing transplant tolerance. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:74-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
19
|
Vadori M, Cozzi E. Immunological challenges and therapies in xenotransplantation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a015578. [PMID: 24616201 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation, or the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs between different species, was proposed a long time ago as a possible solution to the worldwide shortage of human organs and tissues for transplantation. In this setting, the pig is currently seen as the most likely candidate species. In the last decade, progress in this field has been remarkable and includes a better insight into the immunological mechanisms underlying the rejection process. Several immunological hurdles nonetheless remain, such as the strong antibody-mediated and innate or adaptive cellular immune responses linked to coagulation derangements, precluding indefinite xenograft survival. This article reviews our current understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in xenograft rejection and the potential strategies that may enable xenotransplantation to become a clinical reality in the not-too-distant future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vadori
- CORIT (Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation), Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schneider MKJ, Seebach JD. Xenotransplantation literature update, March to April 2012. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19:207-11. [PMID: 22702472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2012.00707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mårten K J Schneider
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich Service of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|