1
|
Pohl SÖG, Pervaiz S, Dharmarajan A, Agostino M. Gene expression analysis of heat-shock proteins and redox regulators reveals combinatorial prognostic markers in carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Redox Biol 2019; 25:101060. [PMID: 30578123 PMCID: PMC6859565 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large family of ubiquitously expressed proteins with diverse functions, including protein assembly and folding/unfolding. These proteins have been associated with the progression of various gastrointestinal tumours. Dysregulation of cellular redox has also been associated with gastrointestinal carcinogenesis, however, a link between HSPs and dysregulation of cellular redox in carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we analysed mRNA co-expression and methylation patterns, as well as performed survival analysis and gene set enrichment analysis, on gastrointestinal cancer data sets (oesophageal, stomach and colorectal carcinomas) to determine whether HSP activity and cellular redox dysregulation are linked. A widespread relationship between HSPs and cellular redox was identified, with specific combinatorial co-expression patterns demonstrated to significantly alter patient survival outcomes. This comprehensive analysis provides the foundation for future studies aimed at deciphering the mechanisms of cooperativity between HSPs and redox regulatory enzymes, which may be a target for future therapeutic intervention for gastrointestinal tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Öther-Gee Pohl
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Department of Physiology and Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mark Agostino
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han J, Chu C, Cao G, Mao W, Wang S, Zhao Z, Gao M, Ye H, Xu X. A simple boronic acid-based fluorescent probe for selective detection of hydrogen peroxide in solutions and living cells. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:362-366. [PMID: 30196205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An approach of high sensitivity and selectivity for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection is highly demanded due to its important roles in regulating diverse biological process. In this work, we introduced an easily synthesized fluorescent "turn off" probe, BNBD. It is designed based on the core structure of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan as a fluorophore and incorporated with a specific H2O2-reactive group, aryl boronate, for sensitive and selective detection of H2O2. We demonstrated its selectivity by incubating the probe with other types of ROS, and measured the limit of detection of BNBD as 1.8 nM. BNBD is also conducive to H2O2 detection at physiological conditions. We thus applied it to detect both exogenous and endogenous changes of H2O2 in living cells by confocal microscopy, supporting its future applications to selectively monitor H2O2 levels and identify H2O2-related physiological or pathological responses from live cells or tissues in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guoxiu Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Wuxiang Mao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zhou Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Mingqi Gao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industry Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Nie J, Niu J, Meng F, Lin W. Ratiometric fluorescent probe with AIE property for monitoring endogenous hydrogen peroxide in macrophages and cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7293. [PMID: 28779123 PMCID: PMC5544719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a key role in the progression of human illnesses, such as autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, diabetes, and cancer, etc. In this work, we have discribed a novel probe, TPE-TLE, which remarkably displayed AIE property and ratiometric fluorescence emission profiles in the presence of H2O2. This ratiometric fluorescent probe with AIE property exhibits outstanding features such as the well-resolved emission peaks, high sensitivity, high selectivity, low cytotoxicity, and good cell-membrane permeability. These excellent attributes enable us to demonstrate the ratiometric imaging of endogenously produced H2O2 in macrophages and cancer cells based on the novel ratiometric probe with AIE property for the first time. By comparing two kinds of cells, it is firstly found that cancer cells should contain much more endogenous H2O2 than macrophages. We expect that TPE-TLE will be useful fluorescent platform for the development of a variety of ratiometric fluorescent probes with AIE property to achieve unique biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P.R. China
| | - Jing Nie
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Jie Niu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Meng
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P.R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nechifor MT, Niculiţe CM, Urs AO, Regalia T, Mocanu M, Popescu A, Manda G, Dinu D, Leabu M. UVA irradiation of dysplastic keratinocytes: oxidative damage versus antioxidant defense. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16718-36. [PMID: 23222638 PMCID: PMC3546716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
UVA affects epidermal cell physiology in a complex manner, but the harmful effects have been studied mainly in terms of DNA damage, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. We investigated UVA effects on membrane integrity and antioxidant defense of dysplastic keratinocytes after one and two hours of irradiation, both immediately after exposure, and 24 h post-irradiation. To determine the UVA oxidative stress on cell membrane, lipid peroxidation was correlated with changes in fatty acid levels. Membrane permeability and integrity were assessed by propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release. The effects on keratinocyte antioxidant protection were investigated in terms of catalase activity and expression. Lipid peroxidation increased in an exposure time-dependent manner. UVA exposure decreased the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which gradually returned to its initial value. Lactate dehydrogenase release showed a dramatic loss in membrane integrity after 2 h minimum of exposure. The cell ability to restore membrane permeability was noted at 24 h post-irradiation (for one hour exposure). Catalase activity decreased in an exposure time-dependent manner. UVA-irradiated dysplastic keratinocytes developed mechanisms leading to cell protection and survival, following a non-lethal exposure. The surviving cells gained an increased resistance to apoptosis, suggesting that their pre-malignant status harbors an abnormal ability to control their fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina T. Nechifor
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania; E-Mails: (M.T.N.); (D.D.)
| | - Cristina M. Niculiţe
- “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; E-Mails: (C.M.N.); (A.O.U.); (T.R.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Andreea O. Urs
- “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; E-Mails: (C.M.N.); (A.O.U.); (T.R.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Teodor Regalia
- “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; E-Mails: (C.M.N.); (A.O.U.); (T.R.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050096, Romania
| | - Mihaela Mocanu
- “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; E-Mails: (C.M.N.); (A.O.U.); (T.R.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Alexandra Popescu
- “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; E-Mails: (C.M.N.); (A.O.U.); (T.R.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Gina Manda
- “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; E-Mails: (C.M.N.); (A.O.U.); (T.R.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Diana Dinu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania; E-Mails: (M.T.N.); (D.D.)
| | - Mircea Leabu
- “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; E-Mails: (C.M.N.); (A.O.U.); (T.R.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050096, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marian MJ, Mukhopadhyay P, Borchman D, Tang D, Paterson CA. The effect of hydrogen peroxide on sarco/endoplasmic and plasma membrane calcium ATPase gene expression in cultured human lens epithelial cells. Open Ophthalmol J 2008; 2:123-9. [PMID: 19517033 PMCID: PMC2694599 DOI: 10.2174/1874364100802010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of calcium homeostasis in the lens of the eye appears to be a factor contributing to lens opacity. In the human lens, calcium homeostasis depends on the Ca2+-ATPase pumps found only in the epithelium. A plasma membrane calcium pump, PMCA2 is upregulated in human cataractous lenses. To determine if oxidation caused the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPases (PMCA) or sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA) to become upregulated, we cultured a human lens epithelial cell line, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. We observed an increase in PMCA1, PMCA2 SERCA2b and SERCA3 mRNA levels and protein expression with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentrations and treatment times. Hydrogen peroxide caused a rise in the intracellular calcium which could be an initiating factor in the concerted upregulation of PMCA1 and SERCA3. Our data support the idea that oxidative stress could contribute to a selective rise in PMCA/SERCA expression in human cataractous lenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Marian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kusakabe T, Nakajima K, Nakazato K, Suzuki K, Takada H, Satoh T, Oikawa M, Arakawa K, Nagamine T. Changes of heavy metal, metallothionein and heat shock proteins in Sertoli cells induced by cadmium exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:1469-75. [PMID: 18556172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the levels of Cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), which were considered to be involved in Sertoli cell damage caused by Cd exposure. We also examined metallothionein (MT), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions in Sertoli cells induced by Cd exposure. Evaluation by the in-air micro-particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method revealed that Cd and Fe distribution was increased in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells after Cd exposure. By contrast, Zn was decreased in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells after Cd exposure. It was suggested that the target of Cd toxicity was the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, Fe was considered to enhance damage to Sertoli cells caused by Cd exposure. The DNA fragmentation rate was determined by ELISA after Cd exposure to Sertoli cells. It remained essentially unchanged with 2.5 microM Cd exposure of Sertoli cells; however, MT, Hsp70 and HO-1 were significantly increased by Cd exposure. As a result, Cd-induced MT was protected Sertoli cells against apoptosis, and Cd-induced HO-1 was involved in protection against oxidative stress. Incidentally, MT, Hsp70 and HO-1 showed similar responses to Cd exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Kusakabe
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Shouwa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Le Bourg E. Hormetic effects on longevity of hydrogen peroxide in Drosophila melanogaster flies living on a poorly nutritious medium. Biogerontology 2006; 8:327-44. [PMID: 17192807 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-006-9077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Subjecting flies to a mild stress at a young age may increase longevity and protect against strong stresses occurring at middle age. The purpose of this article is to test whether a mild stress could also increase survival time of flies living in stressful conditions. Flies were transferred at middle age in vials where they could only feed on a saccharose solution without any other nutrient. This poor medium is known to decrease longevity and it was hypothetized that adding hydrogen peroxide to it could minimize this negative effect. While high doses of hydrogen peroxide decreased further longevity, a low dose increased it in 4-week-old males and, only in some experiments, in females. This low dose had however not any positive effect on behavioral aging, resistance to heat and starvation. The positive effect of hydrogen peroxide appeared not to be due to a sanitary action upon the environment. Rather, it seems that hydrogen peroxide was a mild stress helping flies to cope with the negative effects of saccharose on longevity. Therefore, it is concluded that hydrogen peroxide, beyond the deleterious effects of high doses, could have positive effects in organisms when used at a low dose, particularly in stressful living conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Le Bourg
- Centre de recherche sur la cognition animale, Université Paul-Sabatier, UMR CNRS 5169, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jonsson H, Schiedek D, Goksøyr A, Grøsvik BE. Expression of cytoskeletal proteins, cross-reacting with anti-CYP1A, in Mytilus sp. exposed to organic contaminants. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2006; 78 Suppl 1:S42-8. [PMID: 16581143 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The possible use of cytoskeletal components as biomarkers of organic pollution in mussels has been investigated. Responses of non-muscular actin and tropomyosin (TM), two bivalve proteins that were recently demonstrated to cross-react with anti-fish-CYP1A, were analysed in digestive tissue of blue mussels (Mytilus sp.) exposed to a wide range of organic contaminants. The results were evaluated with ELISA and Western blot assays, utilising commercial monoclonal antibodies, and compared with expression of Hsp70, a marker of chemical stress. Furthermore, mussels were sampled from the Baltic Sea at sites with different degrees of pollution to assess the expression of these proteins, and to monitor seasonal changes in relation to energy reserves and water temperature. The results demonstrated that expression of microsomal actin was significantly higher (p<0.02) in mussels exposed to a brominated flame retardant (BDE-47), and lower, however not significantly, in specimens exposed to crude oil, alone and spiked with alkylphenols and PAHs. Hsp70 was strongly induced in all exposure groups, which also included bisphenol A and diallylphthalate. Furthermore, microsomal actin exhibited seasonal variations, and expression was negatively correlated with water temperature. No correlation was seen between actin and the microfilament-binding protein TM, indicating that regulation of these two cytoskeletal components are not coupled. Furthermore, parallel and significant (p<0.05) up-regulations of TM and Hsp70 were seen in individuals sampled from a strongly polluted field site, whereas the seasonal analysis showed that TM expression was positively correlated with energy reserves (total glycogen content) in mussels, suggesting the use of TM as a marker of growth. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the cytoskeleton to be a target of contaminants in mussels, calling for further attention. Exposure-induced increase of microsomal actin can be interpreted either as stimulated actin synthesis, or re-arrangements of the dynamic microfilaments.
Collapse
|
9
|
John M, Jaworski C, Chen Z, Subramanian S, Ma W, Sun F, Li D, Spector A, Carper D. Matrix metalloproteinases are down-regulated in rat lenses exposed to oxidative stress. Exp Eye Res 2005; 79:839-46. [PMID: 15642321 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2004.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/19/2004] [Accepted: 08/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases are important biological effectors of tissue remodelling. Increased MMP expression occurs during injury, inflammation, cellular transformation, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in the lens, a causal factor in cataractogenesis, has been shown to induce MMP secretion. The objective of this study was to assess the expression of MMPs and their regulators in an oxidative stress model of cataract, where epithelial cell death and cortical fibre cell swelling occurs in rat lenses after exposure to riboflavin, oxygen, and light. Two time points (4 and 7 hr of exposure) were chosen in order to compare transparent lenses with partially opaque lenses. MMP activity, protein, and mRNA levels were measured. The results show that MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, and MT3-MMP are down-regulated by oxidative stress and that the down-regulation is most likely due to reduced gene transcription. In contrast, genes for catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and GAPDH are essentially unaffected, while beta-actin mRNA and protein levels are markedly increased at both time points. The down-regulation of MMPs occurs in lenses still seemingly transparent after 4 hr of exposure, indicating that reduced MMP activity is a relatively early response to the oxidative stress. Moreover, in our model system, MMP inhibition, not induction, is associated with cataractogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molykutty John
- Section of Molecular Therapeutics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 7, Room 202, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Padgaonkar VA, Leverenz VR, Dang L, Chen SC, Pelliccia S, Giblin FJ. Thioredoxin reductase may be essential for the normal growth of hyperbaric oxygen-treated human lens epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2005; 79:847-57. [PMID: 15642322 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously with in vivo and in vitro animal models that the lens epithelium, in contrast to the nucleus, is remarkably resistant to hyperoxia. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the mRNA response of cultured human lens epithelial cells (LECs) to challenge by a high level of hyperbaric oxygen. Cells were treated for 3 hr with 50 atm of 99% O2, and then cultured normally for various times up to 11 days. Although the cells appeared normal immediately after the O2-treatment, they failed to grow and suffered 50% cell loss, as well as significant mitochondrial damage, during normal post-culture. Growth of the cells resumed after 3 days and by day 11, the number of O2-treated cells was the same as the controls. Remarkably, the 3 hr O2-treatment produced no immediate effects on either the cellular level of GSH, or on the activities of a number of antioxidant enzymes including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is generally regarded as being highly sensitive to oxidation. In contrast, the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) was severely affected by the O2, decreasing by 51% after the 3 hr exposure. O2-induced death of the cells appeared to be caused by loss of ATP since a 31% decrease in ATP level occurred immediately after the O2-treatment, in spite of a 46% increase in lactate production. Analysis with real-time PCR showed a maximum 3-6-fold increase in mRNA levels 9 hr after the 3 hr O2-exposure for the enzymes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), MnSOD and TrxR1 (the cytoplasmic form of TrxR). These results were confirmed with the use of one-step RT-PCR and Northern blotting. Initial upregulation of message for HO-1 occurred a few hours before any upregulation of MnSOD could be detected, suggesting that release of free iron from the degradation of heme by HO-1 may have played a role in the upregulation of the dismutase. No significant changes in mRNA levels were observed for the antioxidant enzymes catalase, CuZnSOD, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase, or for the antioxidant protein thioredoxin. Recovery of TrxR activity over a 4-day period appeared to parallel the return of the cells to a normal rate of growth. The results indicate that damaging effects of hyperoxia on cultured LECs occur primarily in the mitochondria, rather than in the cytoplasm. Cells avoid O2-induced cell death, and return to a normal rate of proliferation by upregulating mRNA levels for HO-1, MnSOD and TrxR1. It appears that full activity of TrxR1, an enzyme required for the production of deoxyribonucletides for DNA synthesis, is essential for the normal growth of O2-challenged LECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanita A Padgaonkar
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, 412 Dodge Hall, Rochester, MI 48309-4480, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muller M, Gauley J, Heikkila JJ. Hydrogen peroxide induces heat shock protein and proto-oncogene mRNA accumulation in Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 82:523-9. [PMID: 15389300 DOI: 10.1139/y04-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the accumulation of various mRNAs encoding heat shock proteins (hsps) and proto-oncogenes in Xenopus A6 kidney epithelial cells. Hydrogen peroxide treatment enhanced the accumulation of hsp90, hsp70, hsp30, c-jun, c-fos, and actin mRNAs with distinct temporal patterns. Although hsp70, c-fos, and c-jun mRNA levels peaked at 1–2 h before declining, hsp30 and hsp90 mRNA levels were maximal at 4–6 h. Other mRNAs, including heat shock cognate hsc70, immunoglobulin binding protein, and ribosomal L8, were unaffected. Treatment of kidney cells with a combination of mild heat shock plus hydrogen peroxide resulted in a synergistic increase in the relative levels of both hsp70 and hsp30 mRNA, but not hsp90, c-fos, c-jun, or actin. This study suggests that analysis of hsp and proto-oncogene mRNA levels may be of value as molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress associated with various disease states and nephrotoxicity in kidney.Key words: Xenopus, kidney, mRNA, heat shock protein, hydrogen peroxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Muller
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Michaud S, Morrow G, Marchand J, Tanguay RM. Drosophila small heat shock proteins: cell and organelle-specific chaperones? PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 28:79-101. [PMID: 11908067 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56348-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Michaud
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, Pavillon Marchand, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu R, Burdick JF, Beschorner W, Wilasrusmee C, Kittur DS. Expression of fetal isoforms of actin after transplantation injury. Transpl Int 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2002.tb00168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Wagner M, Hermanns I, Bittinger F, Kirkpatrick CJ. Induction of stress proteins in human endothelial cells by heavy metal ions and heat shock. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 277:L1026-33. [PMID: 10564189 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.5.l1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we compared the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) by heat and heavy metal ions in three different endothelial cell types, namely, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, and the cell line EA.hy 926. Our results show that especially Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) are inducers of 70-kDa (HSP70), 60-kDa (HSP60), 32-kDa (HSP32), and 27-kDa (HSP27) HSPs. The strength of inducibility is specific for each HSP. Ni(2+) and Co(2+) only show an inducible effect at very high concentrations, that is, in the clearly cytotoxic range. Furthermore, we investigated the time course of HSP expression and the involvement of heat shock factor-1. Our study demonstrates that the three endothelial cell types that were under investigation show comparable stress protein expression when treated with heavy metal ions or heat shock. The expression of stress proteins may be used as an early marker for the toxic damage of cells. This damage can be an inducer of acute respiratory distress syndrome in which microvascular endothelial lesions occur early. Our study provides evidence that human umbilical vein endothelial cells or EA.hy 926 cells, which are much more easily isolated and/or cultivated than pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, could be used as alternative cell culture systems for studies on cellular dysfunction in the lung caused by toxic substances, certainly with respect to the expression of HSPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wagner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- I F Zhimulev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Storozhenko S, De Pauw P, Van Montagu M, Inzé D, Kushnir S. The heat-shock element is a functional component of the Arabidopsis APX1 gene promoter. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 118:1005-14. [PMID: 9808745 PMCID: PMC34773 DOI: 10.1104/pp.118.3.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/1998] [Accepted: 07/09/1998] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidases are important enzymes that detoxify hydrogen peroxide within the cytosol and chloroplasts of plant cells. To better understand their role in oxidative stress tolerance, the transcriptional regulation of the apx1 gene from Arabidopsis was studied. The apx1 gene was expressed in all tested organs of Arabidopsis; mRNA levels were low in roots, leaves, and stems and high in flowers. Steady-state mRNA levels in leaves or cell suspensions increased after treatment with methyl viologen, ethephon, high temperature, and illumination of etiolated seedlings. A putative heat-shock cis element found in the apx1 promoter was shown to be recognized by the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) heat-shock factor in vitro and to be responsible for the in vivo heat-shock induction of the gene. The heat-shock cis element also contributed partially to the induction of the gene by oxidative stress. By using in vivo dimethyl sulfate footprinting, we showed that proteins interacted with a G/C-rich element found in the apx1 promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Storozhenko
- Laboratorium voor Genetica, Departement Genetica, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wallen ES, Buettner GR, Moseley PL. Oxidants differentially regulate the heat shock response. Int J Hyperthermia 1997; 13:517-24. [PMID: 9354936 DOI: 10.3109/02656739709023550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells, animals, and humans respond to hyperthermia through the synthesis of a family of proteins termed heat shock proteins (HSPs). Because hyperthermic stress may also result in mitochondrial uncoupling and the generation of reactive oxygen species, we wondered whether oxidant stress was sufficient to increase cellular levels of HSP70. HSP70 was detected in cells heated or treated with menadione but not in those treated with hydrogen peroxide or xanthine/xanthine oxidase. We speculate that oxidant stress from menadione exposure is qualitatively different from exposure from hydrogen peroxide or xanthine/xanthine oxidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Wallen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-5271, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aoe T, Inaba H, Kon S, Imai M, Aono M, Mizuguchi T, Saito T, Nishino T. Heat shock protein 70 messenger RNA reflects the severity of ischemia/hypoxia-reperfusion injury in the perfused rat liver. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:324-9. [PMID: 9034272 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199702000-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether ischemia-reperfusion and hypoxia-reoxygenation cause cellular damages and stress responses in an isolated perfused rat liver model. To determine whether the increased synthesis of stress protein messenger RNA reflects cellular injury. DESIGN Prospective, controlled study. SETTING Institutional laboratories. SUBJECTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Isolated rat livers with cell free perfusion were exposed to various periods of ischemia-reperfusion or hypoxia-reoxygenation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We measured hepatic oxygen consumption and alanine aminotransferase leakage from liver during perfusion. We analyzed the gene expression of heat shock protein 70, a major stress protein, of the liver by Northern blotting after perfusion. The expression of heat shock protein 70 messenger RNA augmented as the reperfusion period increased. The expression level after graded ischemia or hypoxia significantly correlated with the calculated hepatic oxygen debt (r2 = .737; p < .001; n = 21), or with the accumulated alanine aminotransferase leakage from the liver (r2 = .509; p < .001; n = 21). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the accumulation of heat shock protein 70 messenger RNA reflects the severity of ischemia-reperfusion and hypoxia-reoxygenation injuries, and that a stress response in reperfusion can be triggered without formed elements of blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Aoe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pipkin JL, Hinson WG, Lyn-Cook LE, Aidoo A, Feuers RJ, Anson JF, Casciano DA. Comparison of the cell cycle regulated synthesis and phosphorylation of stress proteins, actin isoforms and a novel actin-like protein following drug administration in cultured rat lymphocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1996; 113:549-59. [PMID: 8829805 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(95)02090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Administration of phytohemagglutinin initiated cycling of rat lymphocytes in vitro, and following treatment with this drug and other drugs in combination, lymphocytes were pulse labeled with [3H] leucine of [32P] phosphate. The nuclei were isolated from lymphocytes and collected from partitions of the cell cycle, and the proteins analyzed from fluorographs following gel electrophoresis for protein biomarkers after drug exposure. Stress proteins (sps) were dependent on a specific drug or drugs in combination (i.e., interleukin-2, bleomycin) for their synthesis that occurred only during the G1-phase of the cell cycle. An "actin-like" protein (A4) with electrophoretic mobilities similar to the actin complex, was synthesized in S and G2 phases and phosphorylated in all phases of the cell cycle only following the administration of drugs in combination. A4 exhibited a binding affinity for sp 24 that was cell cycle regulated (i.e., A4 from S phase did not bind with sp 24, but A4 from G2 phase did bind with the sp. Protein A4 appeared similar in some structural aspects to the nonmuscular actin isoform family but differed in epitope, suggesting a unique relationship and represented a stable protein, perhaps a product from the mutation of an actin gene. The dependence of certain sps and protein A4 for their induction by drugs in combination may serve as biomarkers of chemical interaction and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Pipkin
- Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li D, Alic M, Brown JA, Gold MH. Regulation of manganese peroxidase gene transcription by hydrogen peroxide, chemical stress, and molecular oxygen. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:341-5. [PMID: 7887613 PMCID: PMC167287 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.1.341-345.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of manganese peroxidase (MnP) in nitrogen-limited cultures of the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is regulated at the level of gene transcription by H2O2 and various chemicals, including ethanol, sodium arsenite, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, as well as by Mn(II) and heat shock. Northern (RNA) blot analysis demonstrates that the addition of 1.0 mM H2O2 to 5-day-old cultures grown in the absence of Mn results in the appearance of mnp mRNA within 15 min. Higher levels of mnp mRNA are obtained with simultaneous induction by Mn and H2O2 than with H2O2 alone. Although neither MnP activity nor associated protein is detectable in H2O2-induced cultures grown in the absence of Mn, simultaneous induction with Mn and H2O2 results in a 1.6-fold increase in MnP activity compared with the MnP activity resulting from Mn induction alone. In the presence of Mn, purging of low-nitrogen cultures with 100% O2, in contrast to incubation under air, results in an increase in the accumulation of mnp mRNA and a 13-fold increase in MnP activity on day 5. However, in contrast to the effects of H2O2 and heat shock, O2 purging of Mn-deficient cultures results in negligible accumulation of mnp mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, Portland 97291-1000
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schiaffonati L, Tacchini L, Pappalardo C. Heat shock response in the liver: expression and regulation of the hsp70 gene family and early response genes after in vivo hyperthermia. Hepatology 1994; 20:975-83. [PMID: 7927240 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock response in cultured cells has been studied extensively; however few data are available on heat shock response in an intact organ of a living animal. In this study we analyzed the kinetics of expression of the heat shock protein 70 gene family (heat shock protein 70, heat shock cognate protein 73 and glucose-regulated protein 78) in the liver of the thermally stressed rat. New synthesis of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock cognate protein 73 was shown in liver slices pulse labeled in vitro with 35S-methionine. Accumulation of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock cognate protein 73 proteins was shown in total cellular extracts. 32P-labeled complementary DNA probes encoding heat shock protein 70, heat shock cognate protein 73 and glucose-regulated protein 78 were used to show that the levels of the corresponding messenger RNAs increase as a fraction of total RNA and in polysomes at different extents and with different kinetics. The induction of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock cognate protein 73 messenger RNAs reflected the increase in the synthesis of the corresponding proteins. Run-on transcription analysis indicated that the expression of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock cognate protein 73 genes was mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. On the contrary, both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms can explain the induction of the glucose-regulated protein 78 gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Schiaffonati
- Istituto di Patologia Generale dell'Universitá di Milano, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Focal ischemia results in striking changes in gene expression. Induction of hsp72, a member of the family of 70 kDa heat shock/stress proteins is a widely studied component of the generalized cellular response to injury known as the 'stress response' that is detected in brain after ischemia and other insults. This overview summarizes observations on hsp72 expression in models of focal cerebral ischemia, considering its cellular distribution, factors affecting its transcriptional and translational expression, and its potential relevance to post-ischemic pathophysiology. Hsp72 expression is essentially limited to regions in which cerebral blood flow falls below 50% of control levels, provided that residual perfusion allows synthesis of the induced mRNA and protein. The cellular distribution of hsp72 depends on the nature of the ischemic insult, with preferential vascular expression in severely ischemic territory that is destined to necrose, pronounced neuronal expression throughout the ischemic 'penumbra', and limited glial involvement in a narrow zone immediately surrounding the infarct. Together with results in other injury models, these observations indicate that hsp72 induction identifies discrete populations of surviving cells that are metabolically compromised, but not irreversibly damaged after focal ischemia. Available evidence suggests that the stress response is an important component of cellular defense mechanisms, and that successful accumulation of hsp72 is critical to survival following ischemia. Its expression may also contribute to mechanisms of induced ischemic tolerance. Future studies may be expected to more fully characterize the range of altered gene expression in response to focal ischemic injury and to establish specific roles for hsp72 and other induced proteins in the progression of injury and recovery following such insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Nowak
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Raitt DC, Bradshaw RE, Pillar TM. Cloning and characterisation of the cytochrome c gene of Aspergillus nidulans. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1994; 242:17-22. [PMID: 8277943 DOI: 10.1007/bf00277343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome c gene (cycA) of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans has been isolated and sequenced. The gene is present in a single copy per haploid genome and encodes a polypeptide of 112 amino acid residues. The nucleotide sequence of the A. nidulans cycA gene shows 87% identity to the DNA sequence of the Neurospora crassa cytochrome c gene, and approximately 72% identity to the sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c gene (CYC1). The S. cerevisiae CYC1 gene was used as a heterologous probe to isolate the homologous gene in A. nidulans. The A. nidulans cytochrome c sequence contains two small introns. One of these is highly conserved in terms of position, but the other has not been reported in any of the cytochrome c genes so far sequenced. Expression of the cycA gene is not affected by glucose repression, but has been shown to be induced approximately tenfold in the presence of oxygen and three- to fourfold under heat-shock conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Raitt
- Leicester Biocentre, Leicester University, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Several conclusions can be drawn from available data on the expression of stress proteins in brain with respect to their utility as markers of cellular injury. First, it is evident that all cell types in brain are capable of expressing stress proteins, although there is striking specificity in the population responding to a given insult. The apparent hierarchy of responsiveness indicated by hsp72 expression correlates well with the relative vulnerability of specific cell populations in a given model. With increasing severity of injury there can be an attenuation of the translational component of the stress response, in that hsp72 immunoreactivity fails to accumulate even though its mRNA is abundantly expressed. For this reason, hsp72 immunoreactivity provides an index of cell populations that have responded to an insult with a functional stress response. Such a response is not sufficient to guarantee survival, since many CA1 neurons that show significant hsp72 staining are eventually lost after global ischemia in the rat. However, brief insults that result in expression of hsp72 and other proteins encoded by induced mRNAs do result in tolerance to subsequent insults. Future studies may be expected to reveal the contributions of specific gene products to the tolerant state. Meanwhile, complementary evaluations of hsp72 mRNA and protein expression provide practical means of identifying cell populations responding to diverse injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Nowak
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis 38163
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yamamoto N, Maki A, Swann JD, Berezesky IK, Trump BF. Induction of immediate early and stress genes in rat proximal tubule epithelium following injury: the significance of cytosolic ionized calcium. Ren Fail 1993; 15:163-71. [PMID: 8469783 DOI: 10.3109/08860229309046148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the influence of intracellular ionized calcium ([Ca2+]i) on the induction of c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, and hsp70 genes after oxidant stress induced by xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XOD) treatment or after heat shock using primary cultures of rat proximal tubule epithelium (PTE). X/XOD (500 microM/25 mU/mL) induced all of these genes; ionomycin also resulted in similar kinetics of induction of all genes. The expression of both c-fos following X/XOD treatment and hsp70 following heat shock was markedly decreased through chelation of [Ca2+]i by Quin 2/AM. The c-fos expression following X/XOD treatment was partly reduced by a protein kinase C inhibitor, staurosporine (ST), and markedly inhibited by another protein kinase inhibitor, 2-aminopurine (2AP), while both ST and 2AP markedly reduced hsp70 expression. The ADP-ribosylation transferase inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide had no effect on either c-fos or hsp70 expression. These results suggest that cell injuries leading to increased [Ca2+]i in PTE result in induction of c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, and hsp70; and that the activation of c-fos and hsp70 genes may be regulated by [Ca2+]i and [Ca2+]i-dependent protein kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bernelli-Zazzera A, Cairo G, Schiaffonati L, Tacchini L. Stress proteins and reperfusion stress in the liver. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 663:120-4. [PMID: 1482045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb38655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood reperfusion after temporary liver ischemia induces the expression of heat shock genes and the synthesis of heat shock proteins (hsps), in particular hsp 70. Induction requires a certain duration of ischemia, suggesting that cell damage before reperfusion is essential for activation of heat shock genes. The expression of the hsp 70 gene is preceded by activation of the cellular protooncogenes c-fos and c-jun. However, the product of these genes, which is transcription factor AP-1, seems unnecessary for activation of the hsp 70 gene, which does not require the integrity of protein synthesis. Hsp genes seem to behave as "early response genes," enabling the cell to respond to emergency situations.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
We review the role that oxidative damage plays in regulating the lifespan of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Results from our laboratory show that the lifespan of Drosophila is inversely correlated to its metabolic rate. The consumption of oxygen by adult insects is related to the rate of damage induced by oxygen radicals, which are purported to be generated as by-products of respiration. Moreover, products of activated oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and lipofuscin are higher in animals kept under conditions of increased metabolic rate. In order to understand the in vivo relationship between oxidative damage and the production of the superoxide radical, we generated transgenic strains of Drosophila melanogaster that synthesize excess levels of enzymatically active superoxide dismutase. This was accomplished by P-element transformation of Drosophila melanogaster with the bovine cDNA for CuZn superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and water. Adult flies that express the bovine SOD in addition to native Drosophila SOD are more resistant to oxidative stresses and have a slight but significant increase in their mean lifespan. Thus, resistance to oxidative stress and lifespan of Drosophila can be manipulated by molecular genetic intervention. In addition, we have examined the ability of adult flies to respond to various environmental stresses during senescence. Resistance to oxidative stress, such as that induced by heat shock, is drastically reduced in senescent flies. This loss of resistance is correlated with the increase in protein damage generated in old flies by thermal stress and by the insufficient protection from cellular defense systems which includes the heat shock proteins as well as the oxygen radical scavenging enzymes. Collectively, results from our laboratory demonstrate that oxidative damage plays a role in governing the lifespan of Drosophila during normal metabolism and under conditions of environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Fleming
- Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94306
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Reveillaud I, Kongpachith A, Park R, Fleming JE. Stress resistance of Drosophila transgenic for bovine CuZn superoxide dismutase. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1992; 17:73-85. [PMID: 1332918 DOI: 10.3109/10715769209061090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several oxidative and non-oxidative stresses were applied to two transgenic strains of Drosophila melanogaster (designated P(bSOD)5 and P(bSOD)11) that express superoxide dismutase (SOD) at elevated levels, and control strains that express normal SOD levels. Transgenic strain P(bSOD)5 exposed to paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride), a redox cycling agent that generates superoxide anion when metabolized in vivo, was significantly more resistant to this xenobiotic than control flies. When test flies were subjected to 100% oxygen for 20 min each day, the mean lifespan was 3.62 days for control strain 25, but 4.35 days for both transgenic strains. The mortality curves of strains fed 1% H2O2 were similar, but the median lifespan of 72 h for controls and 64 h for transgenics suggests that the transgenic flies were slightly more sensitive to H2O2. The activity of catalase was the same for all strains. Using starvation resistance as a non-oxidative stress, flies maintained on water without any food had identical survival curves; for all strains, the median lifespan was 72 h. Throughout the lifespan, no statistically significant difference in physical activity was displayed for transgenic versus control flies. Collectively, these data suggest that the increased lifespan previously observed in SOD transgenics is specifically related to resistance to oxidative stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Reveillaud
- Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94306
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Durmowicz AG, Badesch DB, Parks WC, Mecham RP, Stenmark KR. Hypoxia-induced inhibition of tropoelastin synthesis by neonatal calf pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991; 5:464-9. [PMID: 1718337 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/5.5.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals chronically exposed to hypoxia develop characteristic structural changes in the pulmonary arterial vasculature including cell hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. The medial smooth muscle cells' (SMC) increase in tropoelastin mRNA expression and elastin deposition as determined by in situ hybridization and histologic examination appears to contribute significantly to this increase in matrix protein accumulation. The primary stimulus for the increased tropoelastin production, which persists in vitro, is unknown but mechanical forces and hypoxia seem to play a role. In order to determine the direct effects of hypoxia on tropoelastin production by pulmonary artery SMC, cultured neonatal bovine pulmonary artery SMC were exposed to 3%, 10%, and 21% O2 concentrations for 48, 72, and 120 h and soluble tropoelastin was measured by direct immunoassay. Tropoelastin mRNA levels were also determined by Northern and slot blot analysis after 48 h of incubation under hypoxic conditions. SMC cultured in 3% and 10% O2 for 120 h showed dose-dependent decreases (11-fold and 2-fold, respectively) in measured tropoelastin levels compared with SMC cultured in 21% O2 conditions. This decrease was not due to cell damage or accumulation of toxic metabolites while under hypoxic conditions nor to a change in tropoelastin partitioning between the cell and media. Tropoelastin mRNA levels were also decreased under hypoxic conditions. Secreted, cell layer, and total protein synthesis determined by L-[3H]leucine incorporation again showed a dose-dependent decrease under hypoxic conditions but not to the same extent as tropoelastin production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Durmowicz
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fleming JE, Bensch KG. Oxidative stress as a causal factor in differentiation and aging: a unifying hypothesis. Exp Gerontol 1991; 26:511-7. [PMID: 1756782 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(91)90039-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
31
|
Becker J, Mezger V, Courgeon AM, Best-Belpomme M. On the mechanism of action of H2O2 in the cellular stress. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1991; 12-13 Pt 1:455-60. [PMID: 1906420 DOI: 10.3109/10715769109145817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We propose a hypothesis according to which the reactive and reduced species of oxygen could be the intracellular inducers of the stress (or "heat-shock") response. This hypothesis is based on the following observations on Drosophila cells: a) the return to normoxia after 24 h anaerobiosis is sufficient to induce the synthesis of the "heat shock" proteins without elevation of temperature together with a rapid increase of O2 consumption; b) hydrogen peroxide introduced in the culture medium induces the early transcriptional activation of the "heat shock" genes (maximal after 5 minutes); c) hydrogen peroxide added to cellular extracts in vitro (thus acting as an intracellular metabolite) activates instantaneously the binding capacity of a "heat shock" factor to a DNA "heat shock" regulatory element. Thus, hydrogen peroxide, and possibly other reactive reduced species of oxygen, could trigger the onset of the stress (or "heat shock") response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Becker
- Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Unité Associée au CNRS 1135, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, Frane
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tsukahara T, Ishiura S, Sugita H. Regulation of prolyl endopeptidase activity by the intracellular redox state. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
33
|
Becker J, Mezger V, Courgeon AM, Best-Belpomme M. Hydrogen peroxide activates immediate binding of a Drosophila factor to DNA heat-shock regulatory element in vivo and in vitro. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 189:553-8. [PMID: 2351135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of heat-shock proteins via activation of heat-shock genes occurs in response to heat and various physical or chemical stressing agents. Transcriptional activation of heat-shock genes requires a heat-shock regulatory element in their promoter, to which a heat-shock specific transcription factor binds. In Drosophila cells, the heat-shock factor already exists in unstressed cells in an inactive form and acquires the capacity to bind to the heat-shock element following stress. The mechanism of this activation is not known: neither is it known whether the different stressing agents induce the heat-shock response through a common mechanism. We previously proposed that many agents known to induce the heat-shock response (substances interfering with respiratory metabolism, agents reacting with sulphydryl groups, metals, recovery from anaerobiosis and ischemia) might act via accumulation of reactive oxygen species, i.e. superoxide ion or H2O2. We show here that H2O2, introduced either in Drosophila cell cultures or in cell extracts, was able to activate heat-shock-element binding. Activation was rapid and H2O2 concentration dependent, with a threshold of 1 microM. These results were confirmed with mouse fibroblast cells. This very rapid activation, in vivo or in vitro, suggests a direct effect of H2O2 either on the heat-shock factor itself or on its activator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Becker
- Unité Associée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 1135, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kapoor M, Sreenivasan GM, Goel N, Lewis J. Development of thermotolerance in Neurospora crassa by heat shock and other stresses eliciting peroxidase induction. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:2798-801. [PMID: 2139653 PMCID: PMC208932 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.5.2798-2801.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia, CdCl2, sodium arsenite, and H2O2 led to the rapid appearance of high levels of peroxidase in Neurospora crassa cultures and induced tolerance toward normally lethal temperatures in 60-h-old colonies. Intracellular superoxide dismutase levels did not correlate with the development of thermotolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kapoor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pietrangelo A, Rocchi E, Schiaffonati L, Ventura E, Cairo G. Liver gene expression during chronic dietary iron overload in rats. Hepatology 1990; 11:798-804. [PMID: 1693354 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the pathogenesis of hepatic iron toxicity, we investigated the effect of chronic dietary iron overload on the expression of several genes in rat liver. After 10 wk of iron treatment, when only minor histological features of liver damage were appreciable, the level of pro-alpha 2(I)-collagen mRNA was already higher than in control liver and increased further at 30 wk of treatment. Also, the relative amount of L ferritin subunit mRNA was enhanced early by iron load and was even more elevated at the latest time point considered, whereas neither H ferritin subunit nor transferrin mRNA levels were affected by iron treatment. In contrast, after chronic iron treatment, no variations were found in the steady-state level of mRNAs transcribed from liver-specific and preferentially expressed genes (albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, apolipoprotein A-1), growth-related genes (c-myc, c-Ha-ras and c-fos) and stress-induced genes (heat shock protein 70). These results suggest that chronic dietary iron overload in rats can specifically activate target genes in the liver (i.e., L ferritin and procollagen) in the absence of either histological signs of severe liver damage or alterations in differentiated liver functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pietrangelo
- Clinica Medica III e Terapia Medica, University of Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schiaffonati L, Rappocciolo E, Tacchini L, Cairo G, Bernelli-Zazzera A. Reprogramming of gene expression in postischemic rat liver: induction of proto-oncogenes and hsp 70 gene family. J Cell Physiol 1990; 143:79-87. [PMID: 2108173 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041430110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for different members of the heat-shock protein 70 gene family were studied in rat livers reperfused after non-necrogenic ischemia. The expression of constitutive hsc 73 gene decreases during ischemia, returns to normal upon reperfusion, and increases 4 hr after restoration of blood flow. Reperfusion induces the expression of another hsp 70 gene family member (the so-called inducible hsp 70 gene), which remains at high levels for at least 7 hr. The induction of hsp 70 family genes is preceded by activation of the cellular oncogene c-fos, the most prompt change in gene expression detected in reperfused liver. Run-on experiments demonstrate that the increased expression of these genes is largely dependent on activation of transcription. Changes in the amount of c-myc and ornithine decarboxylase mRNA are not evident, while the level of the mRNA for glucose-regulated protein GRP 78 increases later, concurrent with the onset of the acute phase response to surgical trauma. Analysis of polysomal and nonpolysomal fractions from sucrose gradients indicates that in postischemic liver, hsp 70 and hsc 73 mRNA are rapidly engaged on light polysomal or nonpolysomal complexes and are later shifted to polysomes. Albumin mRNA displays the same behavior, indicating that hsp 70 mRNA are not preferentially translated and that increased transcription is the major mechanism for enhanced hsp synthesis in postischemic liver. Damage by active oxygen species, pressure overload, and derangements of protein synthesis is likely to include the causative factors of increased expression of c-fos and the hsp 70 gene family in postischemic reperfused liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Schiaffonati
- Istituto di Patologia Generale dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, Centro Studio sulla Patologia Cellulare, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Winegrad S, Wisnewsky C, Schwartz K. Effect of thyroid hormone on the accumulation of mRNA for skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin in hearts from normal and hypophysectomized rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:2456-60. [PMID: 2320568 PMCID: PMC53708 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal alpha-actin gene products are coexpressed with cardiac alpha-actins in cardiac tissue of adult humans, cows, and pigs; in prenatal rats; and during hypertrophy due either to increased hemodynamic load or the administration of alpha-adrenergic agonists. Because there is preferential synthesis of the beta-myosin heavy chain in each case, it has been suggested that the synthesis of skeletal alpha-actin in cardiac tissue is linked to that of beta-myosin heavy chain. To test this hypothesis, thyroid hormone, which causes cardiac hypertrophy with preferential synthesis of alpha-myosin heavy chain, was administered to normal and hypophysectomized rats. Animals were sacrificed from 2 to 24 hr after the injection of either 1 or 5 micrograms of hormone per 10 g of body weight. The relative amount of mRNA for skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin was measured by using the technique of primer extension. Thyroid hormone caused a rapid increase in the amount of skeletal alpha-actin mRNA relative to controls, more than 7 times in hearts from normal animals and 15 times in hearts from hypophysectomized animals. A small increase in cardiac alpha-actin mRNA also occurred. The rapid increase in transcripts for skeletal alpha-actin under conditions where the isoform of myosin heavy chain that is being synthesized is primarily alpha demonstrates independent patterns of activation of the actin and myosin heavy chain multigene families during cardiac growth in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Winegrad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Courgeon AM, Becker J, Maingourd M, Maisonhaute C, Best-Belpomme M. Early activation of heat shock genes in H2O2-treated Drosophila cells. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1990; 9:147-55. [PMID: 1693352 DOI: 10.3109/10715769009148582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila cells of a diploid clone derived from line Kc were treated with 1 mM H2O2 for 1 to 20 minutes. Dot blot and Northern blot analysis of RNAs extracted from control and treated cells showed that the transcriptional activation of the 6 heat-shock genes tested was early, and maximal within 5 minutes of H2O2 treatment. Analysis of the kinetics of induction of the heat-shock proteins (hsps) after an exposure to H2O2 of 2 or 5 minutes, followed by removal, suggests that this brief treatment was sufficient to trigger the synthesis of all the hsps, which was maximal 1.5 to 3h after this short H2O2 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Courgeon
- Unité Associée au CNRS 1135, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Edjlali M, Laval-Martin D, Calvayrac R. Catalatic capacities in heat-shocked Euglena cells. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 97:113-7. [PMID: 2253470 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(90)90187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
1. Various heat treatments were applied to the wild strain Z. Klebs. of Euglena gracilis. 2. Samples of cells were taken at day 1 of the culture at 26 degrees C in a 33 mM lactate medium, when the catalatic capacities of the catalase were highest. 3. They were either submitted to heat treatments (36 and 38 degrees C), or heat-shocks (40, 42 degrees C) or non-permissive heat stress (45 degrees C) for 15 min, 1 and 2 hr. 4. After a 2-hr 45 degrees C treatment the cells were unable to recover normal physiological functions. 5. Heat treatments between 36 and 38 degrees C decreased the catalatic capacities of cells, while heat-shocks at 40 and 42 degrees C strongly reinforced these capacities of hydrogen peroxide dismutation. 6. Having been heat-shocked at 42 degrees C for 2 hr, the cells became different from control cells: (a) after several months of culture, they displayed catalatic capacities increased by 65%; (b) they were able from now on to survive a 2 hr heat shock at 45 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Edjlali
- Laboratoire des Membranes Biologiques, UFR de Biologie et de Sciences de la Nature, Université Paris VII, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stocker R. Induction of haem oxygenase as a defence against oxidative stress. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1990; 9:101-12. [PMID: 2189794 DOI: 10.3109/10715769009148577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cells respond to metabolic perturbations by producing specific stress proteins. Exposure of mammalian cells to various forms of oxidative stress induces haem oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in haem degradation. This response is proposed to represent an antioxidant defence operating at two different stages simultaneously. It (i) decreases the levels of the potential pro-oxidants haem and haem proteins such as cytochrome P-450 and protoporphyrinogen oxidase, and (ii) increases the tissue concentrations of antioxidatively active bile pigments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, Camperdown NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
There is general agreement that a function, perhaps the major function, of stress proteins under normal physiological conditions is to help assembly and disassembly of protein complexes and to catalyse protein-translocation processes. It remains unclear, however, as to what role these processes play in stressed cells. It could be that cells under stress produce abnormal, misfolded or otherwise damaged proteins and that increased synthesis of stress proteins is required to counter protein modifications. A role for stress proteins in recovery of cells from stress, as opposed to a role in helping cells to withstand a lethal stress, is thus suggested. The intracellular location of stress proteins, in the unstressed and stressed cell, is worthy of further studies. Members of the hsp70 family are associated with the cytosol, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. There is evidence, particularly from studies on mammalian cells (Tanguay, 1985; Welch and Mizzen, 1988; Arrigo et al., 1988), that following stress hsps migrate to various cellular compartments and subsequently delocalize after stress. However, there is little comparable data from microbial systems for this phenomenon (e.g. Rossi and Lindquist, 1989). The question as to the role of stress proteins in the transient acquisition of thermotolerance remains to be answered. It is insufficient to equate the kinetics of stress-protein synthesis with acquisition of thermotolerance. Quantitative data on the amount of stress protein present at various times, including the recovery period, is required. The demonstration that microbial stress proteins are important antigenic determinants of micro-organisms causing major debilitating diseases in the world is an exciting observation. Studies on the interplay of pathogen and host, both carrying similar antigenic hsp determinants, will be a challenging area for future research. It is likely that E. coli and Sacch. cerevisiae, with their well-established biochemical and genetic properties, will continue to be the experimental systems of choice for studies on stress proteins. On the other hand, it is encouraging that studies on other micro-organisms have expanded in the past few years and have made substantial contributions towards our understanding of the stress response. The ubiquitous nature of the stress response and the remarkable evolutionary conservation of the stress proteins continue to be attractive areas for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Nutrition, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Phillips JP, Hilliker AJ. Genetic analysis of oxygen defense mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 1990; 28:43-71. [PMID: 2122643 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J P Phillips
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Prosomes and heat shock protein (HSP) complexes isolated from the cytoplasm of Drosophila cells in culture were biochemically and immunologically characterized. The two complexes were found to separate on sucrose gradients, allowing the analysis of their protein constituents by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by reaction with anti-HSP sera and prosome-specific monoclonal antibodies. All of the prosomal proteins were found to be clearly distinct from the HSP; none of the prosomal proteins was synthesized de novo in heat shock. However, an antiprosome (anti-p27K) monoclonal antibody (mouse anti-duck) recognizing the Drosophila p29K prosomal protein allowed immunoprecipitation from a heat-shocked postmitochondrial supernatant of the crude HSP complex, including the low- and the high-molecular-weight components, in particular the 70 x 10(3)-molecular weight HSP. The highly purified small 16S HSP complex still contained this preexistent p29K prosomal protein, which thus also seems to be a metabolically stable constituent of the HSP complex. The significance of this structural and possibly functional relationship between prosomes and HSP, involving the highly ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved prosomal protein p27/29K, remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
|
44
|
Cajone F, Salina M, Benelli-Zazzera A. 4-Hydroxynonenal induces a DNA-binding protein similar to the heat-shock factor. Biochem J 1989; 262:977-9. [PMID: 2590181 PMCID: PMC1133369 DOI: 10.1042/bj2620977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
By using a gel mobility assay, we have shown that treatment of HeLa cells with 4-hydroxynonenal, a major product of the peroxidation of membrane lipids and an inducer of heat-shock proteins, has the same effect as heat shock in causing the appearance of a protein which binds to the sequence of DNA specific for the induction of heat-shock genes. Lipoperoxidation and heat exposure seem to share a common mechanism of specific gene activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Cajone
- Istituto di Patologia Generale dell'Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
de Sa CM, Rollet E, de Sa MF, Tanguay RM, Best-Belpomme M, Scherrer K. Prosomes and heat shock complexes in Drosophila melanogaster cells. Mol Cell Biol 1989; 9:2672-81. [PMID: 2503709 PMCID: PMC362340 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.9.6.2672-2681.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosomes and heat shock protein (HSP) complexes isolated from the cytoplasm of Drosophila cells in culture were biochemically and immunologically characterized. The two complexes were found to separate on sucrose gradients, allowing the analysis of their protein constituents by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by reaction with anti-HSP sera and prosome-specific monoclonal antibodies. All of the prosomal proteins were found to be clearly distinct from the HSP; none of the prosomal proteins was synthesized de novo in heat shock. However, an antiprosome (anti-p27K) monoclonal antibody (mouse anti-duck) recognizing the Drosophila p29K prosomal protein allowed immunoprecipitation from a heat-shocked postmitochondrial supernatant of the crude HSP complex, including the low- and the high-molecular-weight components, in particular the 70 x 10(3)-molecular weight HSP. The highly purified small 16S HSP complex still contained this preexistent p29K prosomal protein, which thus also seems to be a metabolically stable constituent of the HSP complex. The significance of this structural and possibly functional relationship between prosomes and HSP, involving the highly ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved prosomal protein p27/29K, remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M de Sa
- Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The expression and induction of stress protein families were examined in cultured human fetal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)-derived cells. These stress proteins (SPs) include the heat-shock proteins (HSPs) that have been shown to be highly inducible following treatment by heat, amino acid analogues, and various chemical oxidants. Three sets of proteins with molecular weights of 70, 84, and 110 kilodaltons were elevated simultaneously from constitutive levels after treatment with azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AzC), an amino acid analogue of proline. Further experiments demonstrated that incubation of cultured human fetal RPE-derived cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at concentrations ranging from 10(-5) M to 10(-3) M for 30 minutes to 60 minutes did not elevate the levels of the common families of HSPs as with AzC. These results indicate that cultured human fetal RPE-derived cells are capable of elevated HSP biosynthesis after AzC exposure but appear resistant to H2O2 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C G Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- J K Chipman
- School of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kapoor M, Sveenivasan GM. The heat shock response of Neurospora crassa: stress-induced thermotolerance in relation to peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 156:1097-102. [PMID: 2847725 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock and other treatments, including cadmium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and sodium arsenite, led to the induction of high levels of peroxidase activity as well as thermotolerance in Neurospora crassa. No correlation was apparent between superoxide dismutase levels and development of thermotolerance following exposure to these stress conditions. A prominent role for peroxidase in protection against damage by toxic products of oxygen is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kapoor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|