1
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Schiffer S, Rösch S, Marchfelder A. Assigning a function to a conserved group of proteins: the tRNA 3'-processing enzymes. EMBO J 2002; 21:2769-77. [PMID: 12032089 PMCID: PMC126033 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/21.11.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate tRNA 3' end maturation is essential for aminoacylation and thus for protein synthesis in all organisms. Here we report the first identification of protein and DNA sequences for tRNA 3'-processing endonucleases (RNase Z). Purification of RNase Z from wheat identified a 43 kDa protein correlated with the activity. Peptide sequences obtained from the purified protein were used to identify the corresponding gene. In vitro expression of the homologous proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana and Methano coccus janaschii confirmed their tRNA 3'-processing activities. These RNase Z proteins belong to the ELAC1/2 family of proteins and to the cluster of orthologous proteins COG 1234. The RNase Z enzymes from A.thaliana and M.janaschii are the first members of these families to which a function can now be assigned. Proteins with high sequence similarity to the RNase Z enzymes from A.thaliana and M.janaschii are present in all three kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Marchfelder
- Molekulare Botanik, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
Corresponding author e-mail:
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2
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Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is the endoribonuclease that generates the mature 5'-ends of tRNA by removal of the 5'-leader elements of precursor-tRNAs. This enzyme has been characterized from representatives of all three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya) (1) as well as from mitochondria and chloroplasts. The cellular and mitochondrial RNase Ps are ribonucleoproteins, whereas the most extensively studied chloroplast RNase P (from spinach) is composed solely of protein. Remarkably, the RNA subunit of bacterial RNase P is catalytically active in vitro in the absence of the protein subunit (2). Although RNA-only activity has not been demonstrated for the archael, eucaryal, or mitochondrial RNAs, comparative sequence analysis has established that these RNAs are homologous (of common ancestry) to bacterial RNA. RNase P holoenzymes vary greatly in organizational complexity across the phylogenetic domains, primarily because of differences in the RNase P protein subunits: Mitochondrial, archaeal, and eucaryal holoenzymes contain larger, and perhaps more numerous, protein subunits than do the bacterial holoenzymes. However, that the nonbacterial RNase P RNAs retain significant structural similarity to their catalytically active bacterial counterparts indicates that the RNA remains the catalytic center of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Frank
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3102, USA.
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3
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Hartmann RK, Krupp G, Hardt WD. Towards a new concept of gene inactivation: specific RNA cleavage by endogenous ribonuclease P. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 1998; 1:215-65. [PMID: 9704090 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(08)70053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the first part of this chapter, general concepts for gene inactivation, antisense techniques and catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) are presented. The requirements for modified oligonucleotides are discussed with their effects on the stability of base-paired hybrids and on resistance against nuclease attack. This also includes the problems in the choice of an optimal target sequence within the inactivated RNA and the options of cellular delivery systems. The second part describes the recently introduced antisense concept based on the ubiquitous cellular enzyme ribonuclease P. This system is unique, since the substrate recognition requires the proper tertiary structure of the cleaved RNA. General properties and possible advantages of this approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Hartmann
- Institut für Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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4
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Vainauskas S, Stribinskis V, Padegimas L, Juodka B. Partial characterization of the ribonuclease P from Tetrahymena pyriformis. Biochimie 1998; 80:595-604. [PMID: 9810466 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(98)80012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P activity from infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis has been isolated and purified more than 1000-fold over cytosol crude extract. Purified tRNA 5' endonuclease processes in vitro heterologous substrates, precursors of the human tRNA(Tyr) and Drosophila melanogaster tRNA(Leu), exactly at the 5' end of the mature molecules. The activity was abolished by micrococcal nuclease and protease treatment indicating that both RNA and protein components are essential for its activity. The most abundant polypeptides in the purified enzyme fractions have molecular masses of about 100, 44 and 35 kDa. The enzyme requires divalent cations for its activity and shows optimal activity in the presence of the low concentrations of the monovalent salts. Substrate structural requirements for the purified enzyme were analyzed with different tRNA precursor models. The analysis of the derivatives of tRNA(Leu) precursors with altered aminoacyl stem structures reveals that end of the stem is important for substrate 5' end processing with purified enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vainauskas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Lithuania
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5
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Chamberlain JR, Lee Y, Lane WS, Engelke DR. Purification and characterization of the nuclear RNase P holoenzyme complex reveals extensive subunit overlap with RNase MRP. Genes Dev 1998; 12:1678-90. [PMID: 9620854 PMCID: PMC316871 DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.11.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/1998] [Accepted: 04/03/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that cleaves precursor tRNA transcripts to give mature 5' ends. RNase P in eubacteria has a large, catalytic RNA subunit and a small protein subunit that are required for precursor tRNA cleavage in vivo. Although the eukaryotic holoenzymes have similar, large RNA subunits, previous work in a number of systems has suggested that the eukaryotic enzymes require a greater protein content. We have purified the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear RNase P to apparent homogeneity, allowing the first comprehensive analysis of an unexpectedly complex subunit composition. Peptide sequencing by ion trap mass spectrometry identifies nine proteins that copurify with the nuclear RNase P RNA subunit, totaling 20-fold more protein than in the bacterial enzyme. All of these proteins are encoded by genes essential for RNase P activity and for cell viability. Previous genetic studies suggested that four proteins might be subunits of both RNase P and RNase MRP, the related rRNA processing enzyme. We demonstrate that all four of these proteins, Pop1p, Pop3p, Pop4p, and Rpp1p, are integral subunits of RNase P. In addition, four of the five newly identified protein subunits, Pop5p, Pop6p, Pop7p, and Pop8p, also appear to be shared between RNase P and RNase MRP. Only one polypeptide, Rpr2p, is unique to the RNase P holoenzyme by genetic depletion and immunoprecipitation studies. The large increase in the number of protein subunits over eubacterial RNase P is consistent with an increase in functional complexity in eukaryotes. The degree of structural similarity between nuclear RNase P and RNase MRP suggests that some aspects of their functions in pre-tRNA and pre-rRNA processing pathways might overlap or be coordinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Chamberlain
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0606 USA
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6
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True HL, Celander DW. Protein components contribute to active site architecture for eukaryotic ribonuclease P. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:7193-6. [PMID: 9516409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.13.7193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, ribonuclease P (RNase P) requires both RNA and protein components for catalytic activity. The eukaryotic RNase P RNA, unlike its bacterial counterparts, does not possess intrinsic catalytic activity in the absence of holoenzyme protein components. We have used a sensitive photoreactive cross-linking assay to explore the substrate-binding environment for different eukaryotic RNase P holoenzymes. Protein components from the Tetrahymena thermophila and human RNase P holoenzymes form specific products in photoreactions containing [4-thio]-uridine-labeled pre-tRNAGln. The HeLa RNase P RNA in neither the presence nor the absence of holoenzyme protein components formed cross-link products to the pre-tRNAGln probe. Parallel photo-cross-linking experiments with the Escherichia coli RNase P holoenzyme revealed that only the bacterial RNase P RNA forms specific substrate photoadducts. A protein-rich active site for the eukaryotic RNase P represents one unique feature that distinguishes holoenzyme organization between bacteria and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L True
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chemical and Life Sciences Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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7
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Pal D, Chattopadhyay S, Chandra S, Sarkar D, Chakraborty A, Das Gupta C. Reactivation of denatured proteins by domain V of bacterial 23S rRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1997; 25:5047-51. [PMID: 9396814 PMCID: PMC147138 DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.24.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro transcripts containing domain V of the 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis can reactivate denatured proteins almost as efficiently as the total 23S rRNA. Here we show that almost the full length of domain V is required for reactivation of denatured pig muscle lactate dehydrogenase and pig heart cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase: the central loop of this domain alone is not enough for this purpose. The antibiotic chloramphenicol, which binds to domain V of 23S rRNA, can inhibit reactivation of these proteins completely. Activity is eliminated by EDTA at a concentration of <1 mM, even in the presence of 4 mM MgCl2, suggesting that the three-dimensional conformation of the RNA should be maintained for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pal
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, India
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8
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Han SJ, Kang HS. Purification and characterization of the precursor tRNA 3'-end processing nuclease from Aspergillus nidulans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233:354-8. [PMID: 9144538 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The precursor-tRNA 3'-end processing nuclease activity was purified homogeneously about 15,300 fold from the heat-treated fraction. The precursor-tRNA 3'-end processing nuclease was a single polypeptide of 160,000 Da. This nuclease generates a mature 3'-end of nuclear tRNA(Asp) of Aspergillus nidulans by the endonuclease activity and prefers the 5'-end processed tRNA(Asp) rather than primary precursor-tRNA(Asp) as a substrate. However, this enzyme did not process both primary mitochondrial precursor-tRNA(His) and 5'-end processed mitochondrial precursor-tRNA(His) of A. nidulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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9
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Arends S, Schon A. Partial purification and characterization of nuclear ribonuclease P from wheat. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 244:635-45. [PMID: 9119034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-1-00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) from wheat nuclei has been purified over 1000-fold, using wheat germ extract as starting material and a combination of poly(ethylenglycol) precipitation and column chromatography. The enzyme was shown to be of nuclear origin by its characteristic ionic requirements; for optimum activity it requires 0.5-1.5 mM Mg2+, which can be partly replaced by Mn2+. With about 100 kDa, wheat nuclear RNase P has the lowest molecular mass reported so far for a eukaryotic RNase P. The enzyme has an isoelectric point of 5.0 and a buoyant density of 1.34 g/ml in CsCl, suggesting the presence of a nucleic acid component; it is, however, insensitive against treatment with micrococcal nuclease. Wheat germ RNase P requires an intact tertiary structure of the pre-tRNA substrate; its cleavage efficiency is also influenced by the presence of an intron, and by the nature of the 3' terminus of the substrate. The apparent Km and Vmax for an intronless plant pre-tRNA(Tyr) are 10.3 nM and 1.12 fmol/min, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Nucleus/enzymology
- Endoribonucleases/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/isolation & purification
- Endoribonucleases/metabolism
- Isoelectric Point
- Kinetics
- Micrococcal Nuclease
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Structure
- Molecular Weight
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/genetics
- RNA Precursors/chemistry
- RNA Precursors/genetics
- RNA Precursors/metabolism
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Catalytic/genetics
- RNA, Catalytic/isolation & purification
- RNA, Catalytic/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/chemistry
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Tyr/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Tyr/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Tyr/metabolism
- Ribonuclease P
- Substrate Specificity
- Triticum/enzymology
- Triticum/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arends
- Institut für Biochemie, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Biozentrum, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Eder PS, Kekuda R, Stolc V, Altman S. Characterization of two scleroderma autoimmune antigens that copurify with human ribonuclease P. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:1101-6. [PMID: 9037013 PMCID: PMC19751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.4.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human RNase P has been purified more than 2000-fold from HeLa cells. In addition to the RNA component, H1 RNA, polypeptides of molecular masses 14, 20, 25, 30, 38, and 40 kDa copurify with the enzyme activity. Sera from two different patients with the autoimmune disease scleroderma were used to immunodeplete human RNase P activity. These same sera cross-reacted on immunoblots with two of the copurifying polypeptides, p30 and p38, whereas an autoimmune serum that does not immunodeplete RNase P activity did not react with these proteins. Peptide fragments derived from purified p30 and p38 facilitated the molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNAs coding for these two polypeptides, which are now designated as Rpp30 and Rpp38, respectively. RPP38 cDNA encodes a polypeptide that may be identical to a previously identified antigen of approximately 40 kDa, which is immunoprecipitated by Th and To autoimmune antisera, and that has been implicated as a protein subunit of human RNase P by virtue of its ability to bind to H1 RNA in vitro. The second autoimmune antigen, Rpp30, as such, has not been described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Eder
- Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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11
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Dichtl B, Tollervey D. Pop3p is essential for the activity of the RNase MRP and RNase P ribonucleoproteins in vivo. EMBO J 1997; 16:417-29. [PMID: 9029160 PMCID: PMC1169646 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.2.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RNase MRP is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle which is involved in the processing of pre-rRNA at site A3 in internal transcribed spacer 1. Although RNase MRP has been analysed functionally, the structure and composition of the particle are not well characterized. A genetic screen for mutants which are synthetically lethal (sl) with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutation in the RNA component of RNase MRP (rrp2-1) identified an essential gene, POP3, which encodes a basic protein of 22.6 kDa predicted molecular weight. Over-expression of Pop3p fully suppresses the ts growth phenotype of the rrp2-1 allele at 34 degrees C and gives partial suppression at 37 degrees C. Depletion of Pop3p in vivo results in a phenotype characteristic of the loss of RNase MRP activity; A3 cleavage is inhibited, leading to under-accumulation of the short form of the 5.8S rRNA (5.8S(S)) and formation of an aberrant 5.8S rRNA precursor which is 5'-extended to site A2. Pop3p depletion also inhibits pre-tRNA processing; tRNA primary transcripts accumulate, as well as spliced but 5'- and 3'-unprocessed pre-tRNAs. The Pop3p depletion phenotype resembles those previously described for mutations in components of RNase MRP and RNase P (rrp2-1, rpr1-1 and pop1-1). Immunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged Pop3p co-precipitates the RNA components of both RNase MRP and RNase P. Pop3p is, therefore, a common component of both RNPs and is required for their enzymatic functions in vivo. The ubiquitous RNase P RNP, which has a single protein component in Bacteria and Archaea, requires at least two protein subunits for its function in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dichtl
- EMBL, Gene Expression Programme, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Chamberlain JR, Kindelberger DW, Engelke DR. An RNase P RNA subunit mutation affects ribosomal RNA processing. Nucleic Acids Res 1996; 24:3158-66. [PMID: 8774895 PMCID: PMC146068 DOI: 10.1093/nar/24.16.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RNase P is a ribonucleoprotein endoribonuclease responsible for the 5' maturation of precursor tRNAs in all organisms. While analyzing mutations in conserved positions of the yeast nuclear RNase P RNA subunit, significant accumulation of an aberrant RNA of approximately 193 nucleotides was observed. This abundant RNA was identified as a 3'extended form of the 5.8S rRNA. This strain also displays a slightly elevated level of other rRNA processing intermediates with 5-ends at processing site A2 in the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the rRNA primary transcript. To test whether pre-rRNA in the region of ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 is a substrate for RNase P in vitro, nuclear RNase P was partially purified to remove contaminating nucleases. Cleavage assays were performed using an rRNA substrate transcribed in vitro which includes the 5.8S region and its surrounding processing sites in ITS1 and ITS2. Discrete cleavages of this rRNA substrate were coincident with the peak fractions of nuclear RNase P, but not with fractions corresponding to mitochondrial RNase P or ribonuclease MRP RNA. The cleavage activity is sensitive to treatment with micrococcal nuclease, also consistent with an activity attributable to RNase R The strong RNase P cleavage sites were mapped and their possible relationships to steps in the rRNA processing pathway are considered. These observations suggest an intimate relationship between the processes of tRNA and rRNA maturation in the eukaryotic nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Chamberlain
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0606, USA
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13
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Lee YC, Lee BJ, Hwang DS, Kang HS. Purification and characterization of mitochondrial ribonuclease P from Aspergillus nidulans. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 235:289-96. [PMID: 8631344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ribonuclease (RNase) P from Aspergillus nidulans was purified to near homogeneity using whole-cell extract as the starting material. A 4400-fold purification with a yield of 5.2% was achieved by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment, and five types of column chromatography, including tRNA-affinity column chromatography. This enzyme, which has a molecular mass of 232 kDa determined by glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis, appears to be composed of seven polypeptides and an RNA moiety. These seven polypeptides consistently copurified with the RNase P activity through two ion-exchange chromatography columns and in a glycerol gradient. As judged by nuclease sensitivity, the enzyme requires an RNA component for its activity. The 3'-end-labeled RNAs that copurified with the enzyme displayed identical sequences but had variable lengths for the 5' end, indicating that they originated from a common RNA molecule, the putative RNA component of RNase P. The purified enzyme cleaved mitochondrial precursor tRNAHis, resulting in an 8-bp acceptor stem. This implies that the purified RNase P is a mitochondrial enzyme and that an additional guanylate residue (at position -1) of tRNAHis in A. nidulans mitochondria is generated by a mode that is analogous to the generation of their counterparts in prokaryotes and chloroplasts.
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MESH Headings
- Aspergillus nidulans/enzymology
- Aspergillus nidulans/genetics
- Aspergillus nidulans/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/isolation & purification
- Endoribonucleases/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Protein Conformation
- RNA Precursors/chemistry
- RNA Precursors/genetics
- RNA Precursors/metabolism
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Catalytic/genetics
- RNA, Catalytic/isolation & purification
- RNA, Catalytic/metabolism
- RNA, Fungal/chemistry
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Asp/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Asp/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Asp/metabolism
- Ribonuclease P
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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14
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Abstract
RNase P, the enzyme response for 5'-end processing of tRNAs and 4.5S RNA, has been extensively characterized from E. coli. The RNA component of E. coli RNase P, without the protein, has the enzymatic activity and is the first true RNA enzyme to be characterized. RNase P and MRP are two distinct nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles characterized in many eukaryotic cells including human, yeast and plant cells. There are many similarities between RNase P and MRP. These include: (1) sequence specific endonuclease activity; (2) homology at the primary and secondary structure levels; and (3) common proteins in both the RNPs. It is likely that RNase P and MRP originated from a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Chamberlain JR, Tranguch AJ, Pagán-Ramos E, Engelke DR. Eukaryotic nuclear RNase P: structures and functions. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 55:87-119. [PMID: 8787607 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Chamberlain
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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16
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Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a key enzyme involved in tRNA biosynthesis. It catalyses the endonucleolytic cleavage of nearly all tRNA precursors to produce 5'-end matured tRNA. RNase P activity has been found in all organisms examined, from bacteria to mammals. Eubacterial RNase RNA is the only known RNA enzyme which functions in trans in nature. Similar behaviour has not been demonstrated in RNase P enzymes examined from archaebacteria or eukaryotes. Characterisation of RNase P enzymes from more diverse eukaryotic species, including the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, is useful for comparative analysis of the structure and function of eukaryotic RNase P.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Drainas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece
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17
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Engelke DR, Pagán-Ramos E, Tranguch AJ. Structure-function analysis in nuclear RNase P RNA. Mol Biol Rep 1996; 22:157-60. [PMID: 8901504 DOI: 10.1007/bf00988722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic ribonuclease P (RNase P) enzymes require both RNA and protein subunits for activity in vivo and in vitro. We have undertaken an analysis of the complex RNA subunit of the nuclear holoenzyme in an effort to understand its structure and its similarities to and differences from the bacterial ribozymes. Phylogenetic analysis, structure-sensitive RNA footprinting, and directed mutagenesis reveal conserved secondary and tertiary structures with both strong similarities to the bacterial consensus and distinctive features. The effects of mutations in the most highly conserved positions are being used to dissect the functions of individual subdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Engelke
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0606, USA
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18
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Abstract
RNase MRP is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme with a structure similar to RNase P. It is required for normal processing of precursor rRNA, cleaving it in the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lindahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, UMBC-University of Maryland Baltimore County 21228, USA
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19
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Stathopoulos C, Kalpaxis DL, Drainas D. Partial purification and characterization of RNase P from Dictyostelium discoideum. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 228:976-80. [PMID: 7737203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) from Dictyostelium discoideum has been purified 470-fold. D. discoideum RNase P cleaves the precursor to Schizosaccharomyces pombe suppressor tRNA(Ser) at the same site as S. pombe RNase P, producing the mature 5' end of tRNA(Ser). pH and temperature optima for enzyme activity are 7.6 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme shows optimal activity in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM NH4Cl or 5 mM KCl. The apparent Km for the S. pombe tRNA precursor derived from the supS1 tRNA(Ser) gene is 240 nM, and the apparent Vmax is 3.6 pmol/min. Inhibition of D. discoideum RNase P by proteinase K and micrococcal nuclease strongly indicates that the activity requires both protein and RNA components. In cesium sulfate density gradients, the enzyme has a buoyant density of 1.23 g/ml, indicating a low RNA/protein ratio for the holoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stathopoulos
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio-Patras, Greece
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20
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Lygerou Z, Mitchell P, Petfalski E, Séraphin B, Tollervey D. The POP1 gene encodes a protein component common to the RNase MRP and RNase P ribonucleoproteins. Genes Dev 1994; 8:1423-33. [PMID: 7926742 DOI: 10.1101/gad.8.12.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two forms of the yeast 5.8S rRNA are generated from a large precursor by distinct processing pathways. Cleavage at site A3 is required for synthesis of the major, short form, designated 5.8S(S), but not for synthesis of the long form, 5.8S(L). To identify components required for A3 cleavage, a bank of temperature-sensitive lethal mutants was screened for those with a reduced ratio of 5.8S(S):5.8S(L). The pop1-1 mutation (for processing of precursor RNAs) shows this phenotype and also inhibits A3 cleavage. The pre-rRNA processing defect of pop1-1 strains is similar to that reported for mutations in the RNA component of RNase MRP; we show that a mutation in the RNase MRP RNA also inhibits cleavage at site A3. This is the first site shown to require RNase MRP for cleavage in vivo. The pop1-1 mutation also leads to a block in the processing of pre-tRNA that is identical to that reported for mutations in the RNA component of RNase P. The RNA components of both RNase MRP and RNase P are underaccumulated in pop1-1 strains at the nonpermissive temperature, and immunoprecipitation demonstrates that POP1p is a component of both ribonucleoproteins. The POP1 gene encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 100.5 kD and is essential for viability. POP1p is the first protein component of the nuclear RNase P or RNase MRP for which the gene has been cloned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lygerou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
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