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Weinhart M, Gröger D, Enders S, Riese SB, Dernedde J, Kainthan RK, Brooks DE, Haag R. The Role of Dimension in Multivalent Binding Events: Structure-Activity Relationship of Dendritic Polyglycerol Sulfate Binding to L
-Selectin in Correlation with Size and Surface Charge Density. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1088-98. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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2
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Weinhart M, Gröger D, Enders S, Dernedde J, Haag R. Synthesis of Dendritic Polyglycerol Anions and Their Efficiency Toward L-Selectin Inhibition. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2502-11. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200250f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominic Gröger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Enders
- Zentralinstitut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Zentralinstitut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Khatuntseva EA, Ustuzhanina NE, Zatonskii GV, Shashkov AS, Usov AI, Nifant'ev NE. Synthesis, NMR and Conformational Studies of Fucoidan Fragments 1:1Desulfated 2,3- and 3,4-Branched Trisaccharide Fragments and Constituting Disaccharides. J Carbohydr Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300008544140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Khatuntseva
- a N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- b N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- c N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- d N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- e N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
| | - Nadezhda E. Ustuzhanina
- a N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- b N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- c N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- d N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- e N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
| | - Georgij V. Zatonskii
- a N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- b N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- c N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- d N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- e N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Shashkov
- a N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- b N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- c N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- d N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- e N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Usov
- a N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- b N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- c N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- d N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- e N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifant'ev
- a N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- b N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- c N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- d N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
- e N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
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4
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Bilan MI, Grachev AA, Ustuzhanina NE, Shashkov AS, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI. Structure of a fucoidan from the brown seaweed Fucus evanescens C.Ag. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:719-30. [PMID: 11950468 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fucoidan consisting of L-fucose, sulfate and acetate in a molar proportion of 1:1.23:0.36 was isolated from the Pacific brown seaweed Fucus evanescens. The structures of its desulfated and de-O-acetylated derivatives were investigated by 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and the data obtained were confirmed by methylation analysis of the native and desulfated polysaccharides. The fucoidan was shown to contain a linear backbone of alternating 3- and 4-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose 2-sulfate residues: -->3)-alpha-L-Fucp(2SO(3)(-))-(1-->4)-alpha-L-Fucp(2SO(3)(-))-(1-->. Additional sulfate occupies position 4 in a part of 3-linked fucose residues, whereas a part of the remaining hydroxyl groups is randomly acetylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Bilan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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5
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Sud'ina GF, Brock TG, Pushkareva MA, Galkina SI, Turutin DV, Peters-Golden M, Ullrich V. Sulphatides trigger polymorphonuclear granulocyte spreading on collagen-coated surfaces and inhibit subsequent activation of 5-lipoxygenase. Biochem J 2001; 359:621-9. [PMID: 11672437 PMCID: PMC1222184 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3590621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulphatides are sulphate esters of galactocerebrosides that are present on the surfaces of many cell types and act as specific ligands to selectins. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of sulphatides on polymorphonuclear granulocyte (PMN) attachment, spreading and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) metabolism. Sulphatides, but not non-sulphated galactocerebrosides, dose-dependently enhanced attachment to collagen, as measured by the myeloperoxidase assay. Studies with blocking antibodies indicated that the increased attachment was mediated by CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) beta 2 integrin. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that sulphatides also greatly enhanced the degree of cell spreading. In PMNs treated in suspension, sulphatides had no effect on the ionophore A23187-stimulated release of arachidonic acid and the synthesis of 5-LO metabolites. In contrast, in PMNs attached to collagen, the enzymic conversion of arachidonic acid by 5-LO was inhibited by sulphatides. Inhibition of 5-LO metabolism by sulphatides was observed even in the presence of exogenous substrate, suggesting that sulphatides directly inhibited 5-LO action. Consistent with this, sulphatides interfered with ionophore-induced translocation of the 5-LO to the nuclear envelope. Substances competing with sulphatide binding to cells, like dextran sulphate, or a strong inhibitor of cell spreading, like the actin-polymerizing agent jasplakinolide, prevented the effects of sulphatides on PMN attachment and spreading and leukotriene synthesis. We conclude that shape changes occurring in response to sulphatides specifically impair PMN leukotriene synthesis by inhibiting translocation of 5-LO.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Sud'ina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia.
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6
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Yoshida T, Chiba T, Yokochi T, Onozaki K, Sugiyama T, Nakashima I. Synthesis of a set of di- and tri-sulfated galabioses. Carbohydr Res 2001; 335:167-80. [PMID: 11578633 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Among cell-adhesion molecules, L-selectin recognizes sulfated sLe(x) with relatively low affinity. Here, we aimed at artificial mimics by synthesizing a set of di- and tri-sulfated galabioses, which may surpass the affinity of sulfated sLe(x). As a strategy to obtain 3',6',6-tri-O-sulfogalabioses, regioselective reductive cleavage of 4,6- and 4',6'-di-O-benzylidenegalabioses was employed. Two suitably protected galactose precursors were conjugated to yield alpha and beta anomers (48 and 18%, respectively) by using a pentenyl galactoside donor and iodinium di-sym-collidine perchlorate as the catalyst. For synthesizing the 3',6-di-O-sulfogalabiose, however, a trichloroacetimidate donor was superior (52%) to the pentenyl one (30%).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University, 480-1195, Aichi, Japan.
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7
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Chevolot L, Mulloy B, Ratiskol J, Foucault A, Colliec-Jouault S. A disaccharide repeat unit is the major structure in fucoidans from two species of brown algae. Carbohydr Res 2001; 330:529-35. [PMID: 11269406 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The predominant repeating structure of a fraction of the fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum prepared by acid hydrolysis and centrifugal partition chromatography (LMWF) was established as: [-->3)-alpha-L-Fuc(2SO3-)-(1-->4)-alpha-L-Fuc(2,3diSO3-)-(1]n by NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. The proton and carbon NMR spectra of this unit have been assigned and found to correspond with features in the spectra of the whole purified fucan from A. nodosum which account for most of the integrated intensity. The same structure has also been recognised in the fucoidan of Fucus vesiculosus. The fraction LMWF has in vitro anticoagulant activity, indicating that the above structure may be partly responsible for biological activity in the native fucoidan.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chevolot
- Laboratoire de Recherches sur les Macromolécules, Unité de Recherche Marine 2 et Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7540, Université Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France.
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8
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Kogelberg H, Lawson AM, Muskett FW, Carruthers RA, Feizi T. Expression in Escherichia coli, folding in vitro, and characterization of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the natural killer cell receptor NKR-P1A. Protein Expr Purif 2000; 20:10-20. [PMID: 11035945 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2000.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NKR-P1A is a homodimeric type II transmembrane protein of the C-type lectin family found on natural killer (NK) cells and NK-like T cells and is an activator of cytotoxicity. Toward structure determination by NMR, the recombinant carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of NKR-P1A has been expressed in high-yield in Escherichia coli and folded in vitro. The purified protein behaves as a monomer in size-exclusion chromatography and is bound by the conformation-sensitive antibody, 3.2.3, indicating a folded structure. A polypeptide tag at the N-terminus is selectively cleaved from the CRD after limited trypsin digestion in further support of a compact folded structure. The disulfide bonds have been identified by peptide mapping and electrospray mass spectrometry. These are characteristic of a long form CRD. The 1D NMR spectrum of the unlabeled CRD and the 2D HSQC spectrum of the (15)N-labeled CRD are those of a folded protein. Chemical shifts of H(alpha) and NH protons indicate a considerable amount of beta-strand structure. Successful folding in the absence of Ca(2+), coupled with the lack of chemical shift changes upon addition of Ca(2+), suggests that the NKR-P1A-CRD may not be a Ca(2+)-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kogelberg
- The Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College School of Medicine, Northwick Park Campus, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
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9
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Childs RA, Galustian C, Lawson AM, Dougan G, Benwell K, Frankel G, Feizi T. Recombinant soluble human CD69 dimer produced in Escherichia coli: reevaluation of saccharide binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 266:19-23. [PMID: 10581158 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We reevaluate here an earlier report of monosaccharide binding by the C-type lectin-like, leukocyte surface protein CD69 in the form of a recombinant soluble dimer, and we examine polysaccharide binding by the protein. We have expressed in Escherichia coli a new construct of the extracellular part (Q(65)-K(199)) of human CD69. We describe the folding in vitro to produce, in good yield, the protein in a soluble, disulphide-linked, dimeric form, and the results of binding experiments with monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine, linked to bovine serum albumin. Monosaccharide-binding signals are not detectable. Among the polysaccharides, heparin, chondroitin sulphates A, B, and C, fucoidan, and dextran sulphate, CD69 dimer gives a weak binding signal with fucoidan.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/isolation & purification
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Blotting, Western
- Dimerization
- Disulfides/metabolism
- Epitopes/biosynthesis
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/isolation & purification
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Lectins, C-Type
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Monosaccharides/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/biosynthesis
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/isolation & purification
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Denaturation
- Protein Folding
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Solubility
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Childs
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Northwick Park Campus, Harrow, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
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10
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Chizhov AO, Dell A, Morris HR, Haslam SM, McDowell RA, Shashkov AS, Nifant'ev NE, Khatuntseva EA, Usov AI. A study of fucoidan from the brown seaweed Chorda filum. Carbohydr Res 1999; 320:108-19. [PMID: 10515064 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan fractions from the brown seaweed Chorda filum were studied using solvolytic desulfation. Methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy were applied for native and desulfated polysaccharides. Homofucan sulfate from C. filum was shown to contain poly-alpha-(1-->3)-fucopyranoside backbone with a high degree of branching, mainly of alpha-(1-->2)-linked single units. Some fucopyranose residues are sulfated at O-4 (mainly) and O-2 positions. Some alpha-(1-->3)-linked fucose residues were shown by NMR to be 2-O-acetylated. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of desulfated, deacetylated fucan were completely assigned. The spectral data obtained correspond to a quasiregular polysaccharide structure with a branched hexasaccharide repeating unit. Other fucoidan fractions from C. filum have more complex carbohydrate composition and give rather complex methylation patterns. [formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Chizhov
- Biochemistry Department, Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College, London, UK
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11
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Game SM, Rajapurohit PK, Clifford M, Bird MI, Priest R, Bovin NV, Nifant'ev NE, O'Beirne G, Cook ND. Scintillation proximity assay for E-, P-, and L-selectin utilizing polyacrylamide-based neoglycoconjugates as ligands. Anal Biochem 1998; 258:127-35. [PMID: 9527858 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel scintillation proximity assay (SPA) that uses radiolabeled soluble neoglycoconjugates as synthetic alternatives to the natural E-, P-, and L-selectin counterligands was developed. The neoglycoconjugates contained sialyl LewisX or sialyl LewisA attached via a three-carbon spacer to a poly[N-(hydroxyethyl)acrylamide] backbone, thus presenting the carbohydrates in a multivalent form. Selectin-ZZ fusion proteins were immobilized on anti-rabbit IgG-coated SPA beads via a rabbit IgG bridge. The neoglycoconjugate ligands bound to all three bead-immobilized selectins, with the highest binding levels apparent with E-selectin. Saturation binding studies with E-selectin revealed a complex interaction indicative of two or more binding affinities. The response to carbohydrate inhibitors was comparable in E-selectin assays that used either the neoglycoconjugates or the tritium-labeled HL60 cells as selectin counterligands. The incorporation of tyrosine sulfate groups into the backbone of the neoglycoconjugate resulted in enhanced binding avidity to both P- and L-selectin, indicating that the sulfate-containing neoglycoconjugates are viable synthetic mimics of the natural P- and L-selectin counterligands. The use of these radiolabeled neoglycoconjugates in conjunction with SPA results in a format ideally suited for the high-throughput screening for selectin antagonists. Furthermore, this approach can potentially be used to measure other low-avidity lectin-carbohydrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Game
- Cardiff Laboratories, Nycomed Amersham Research and Development, Forest Farm, Whitchurch, CF4 7YT, United Kingdom
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12
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Nicholson MW, Barclay AN, Singer MS, Rosen SD, van der Merwe PA. Affinity and kinetic analysis of L-selectin (CD62L) binding to glycosylation-dependent cell-adhesion molecule-1. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:763-70. [PMID: 9422729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.2.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The selectin family of cell adhesion molecules mediates the tethering and rolling of leukocytes on blood vessel endothelium. It has been postulated that the molecular basis of this highly dynamic adhesion is the low affinity and rapid kinetics of selectin interactions. However, affinity and kinetic analyses of monomeric selectins binding their natural ligands have not previously been reported. Leukocyte selectin (L-selectin, CD62L) binds preferentially to O-linked carbohydrates present on a small number of mucin-like glycoproteins, such as glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1 (GlyCAM-1), expressed in high endothelial venules. GlyCAM-1 is a soluble secreted protein which, following binding to CD62L, stimulates beta2-integrin-mediated adhesion of lymphocytes. Using surface plasmon resonance, we show that a soluble monomeric form of CD62L binds to purified immobilized GlyCAM-1 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 108 microM. CD62L dissociates from GlyCAM-1 with a very fast dissociation rate constant (>/=10 s-1) which agrees well with the reported dissociation rate constant of CD62L-mediated leukocyte tethers. The calculated association rate constant is >/=10(5) M-1 s-1. At concentrations just above its mean serum level (approximately 1.5 microg/ml or approximately 30 nM), GlyCAM-1 binds multivalently to immobilized CD62L. It follows that soluble GlyCAM-1 may cross-link CD62L when it binds to cells, suggesting a mechanism for signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Nicholson
- Medical Research Council Cellular Immunology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
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13
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Abstract
Mucins are widely distributed in mucous secretion fluids or are associated with plasma membranes. Up to now 9 genes of epithelial mucins have been identified, distributed over five chromosomes. Superposed on the genetic diversity, each type of mucin displays heterogeneity in oligosaccharide composition, including the terminal sugar residues. On top of that there is variation between individuals brought about by blood group antigens. Heterogeneity is further incited by the degree of sulfation. This tremendous structural heterogeneity endows mucin molecules with properties suggestive for a multifunctional role. The major biological function assigned to mucins is still the protection of tissues covered by the mucous gel. Current knowledge on the specific biological functions of the sulfate residues is fragmentary and periphrastic. Glycosylation including sulfation appears to be subject to modification under pathological conditions. There is evidence that sulfation rate-limits bacterial degradation of mucins. Moreover, accumulating data focus towards their involvement in recognition phenomena. Sulfate residues on blood group related structures provoke specific epitopes for selective interaction with microorganisms e.g. Helicobacter pylori. A distinct class of mucins acts as ligands for selectins, crucial in cellular recognition processes like cellular homing of lymphocytes. Whereas in earlier days mucins were only seen as water-binding molecules, protecting the underlying mucosa against harmful agents, the current picture of these molecules is characterized by the selective interaction with their environment, including epithelial-, and endothelial cells and microorganisms, thereby regulating a great number of biological processes. However, the specific role of sulfate remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Nieuw Amerongen
- Dept. of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
There are several biological events that are known to involve certain sulfated saccharides. In many such cases, however, clustered ligands have been shown to be more effective than monovalent saccharides. A set of 6-aminohexyl glycosides of 2,3,4 or 6-monosulfated galactose have been synthesized and linked to polyglutamic acid. Because of the bulky aglycon employed, the 2-OH group of the key compound, 6-benzyloxycarbonylaminohexyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-galactopyranoside was markedly less reactive than 3-OH. Thus, site-specific acetylation of 3-OH was readily carried out to obtain 2-O-sulfated galactosides, and even the direct sulfation of 3-OH afforded the 3-sulfate in a reasonable yield. On the other hand, the key compound was unexpectedly resistant to 2,3-O-dibenzylation or 2,3-O-dibenzoylation, both of which were meant for regioselective cleavage of 4,6-benzylidene to obtain the 4-sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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15
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Teixeira MM, Hellewell PG. The effect of the selectin binding polysaccharide fucoidin on eosinophil recruitment in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 120:1059-66. [PMID: 9134218 PMCID: PMC1564580 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1. In order to accumulate at sites of inflammation, leukocytes initially roll on endothelial cells of postcapillary venules before becoming firmly attached. This process of rolling is mediated by selectins which bind to carbohydrate counter-ligands present on the surface of both leukocytes and endothelial cells. The polysaccharide fucoidin has been previously shown to inhibit leukocyte rolling in the mesenteric circulation and to reduce neutrophil accumulation in the skin and meninges in experimental inflammation. 2. In the present study we have assessed the effects of fucoidin on eosinophil function in vitro and eosinophil accumulation at sites of inflammation in guinea-pig skin. 3. At concentrations of up to 1200 micrograms ml-1, fucoidin inhibited phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced eosinophil homotypic aggregation by up to 60% but had no inhibitory effect on PMA-induced eosinophil adhesion to serum-coated plates. 4. Fucoidin effectively reduced the binding of the anti-L-selectin mAb MEL-14 to guinea-pig eosinophils. Binding of a P-selectin-IgG chimera to eosinophils was also partially inhibited by fucoidin, but binding of an anti-CD18 or an anti-VLA-4 mAb were unaffected. 5. When given systemically to guinea-pigs, fucoidin suppressed 111In-labelled eosinophil recruitment to sites of allergic inflammation. 111In-labelled eosinophil accumulation induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) and zymosan-activated plasma (as a source of C5a des Arg) was also inhibited. 6. These results demonstrate a role for fucoidin-sensitive selectins in mediating eosinophil recruitment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Teixeira
- Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London
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16
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Malhotra R, Taylor NR, Bird MI. Anionic phospholipids bind to L-selectin (but not E-selectin) at a site distinct from the carbohydrate-binding site. Biochem J 1996; 314 ( Pt 1):297-303. [PMID: 8660298 PMCID: PMC1217040 DOI: 10.1042/bj3140297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
It is known that L-selectin binds to glycoconjugates containing the tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewis X in a Ca2+-dependent manner. In addition, a number of other acidic oligosaccharides (for example heparin or chondroitin sulphate) or glycolipids (for example sulphatides) bind to L-selectin independent of cations. In this paper we have established that L-selectin binds to charged phospholipids, such as cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine, but not to neutral phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine. No interaction between E-selectin and any phospholipid was observed. The interaction between L-selectin cardiolipin was inhibited by dextran sulphate, fucoidan, mannose 6-phosphate and monoclonal antibodies previously reported to block the interaction between L-selectin and its natural ligands. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the selectins indicated that L-selectin, but no E-selectin, contains a sequence homologous to the putative cardiolipin-binding epitope found in plasma glycoprotein beta2I. Glycoprotein beta2I and a peptide corresponding to the putative cardiolipin-binding epitope in beta2I inhibited the binding of L-selectin to cardiolipin or fucoidin. Based on the binding characteristics, sequence analysis and structural modelling of L-selectin, we suggest that the amino acid sequence KKNKED (residues 84-89) is a novel site for the binding of acidic species to L-selectin. This motif is localized close to the putative carbohydrate-binding domain of L-selectin and may be a second site within the lectin domain for the interaction of leucocyte L-selectin with its natural endothelial ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Malhotra
- Glycobiology Research Unit and Biomolecular Structure Unit, Glaxo-Wellcome Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Herts., U.K
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