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Wang B, Tong ZY, Xiong YZ, Wang XF, Scott Armbruster W, Huang SQ. The evolution of flower-pollinator trait matching, and why do some alpine gingers appear to be mismatched? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:1073-1088. [PMID: 37751161 PMCID: PMC10809048 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Morphological matching between flower and pollinator traits has been documented in diverse plant lineages. Indeed, the matching of corolla tube length and pollinator tongue length has been cited repeatedly as a classic case of coevolution. However, there are many possible evolutionary routes to trait matching. Our aim here is both to review the evolutionary mechanisms of plant-pollinator trait matching and to investigate a specific case of trait matching/mismatching in a genus of alpine gingers. METHODS Roscoea gingers with long corolla tubes in the western Himalayas have pollinators with correspondingly long tongues, but the match between corolla tube and pollinator tongue lengths is not seen in the eastern Himalayas. Six floral traits were measured, including corolla tube depth, an internal trait controlling pollinator access to nectar. We calculated coefficients of variation and phylogenetically controlled correlation patterns of these traits in six Roscoea species in order to gain possible insights into stabilizing selection and modularization of these traits. KEY RESULTS The distal (nectar-containing) portion of the corolla tube exhibited lower coefficients of variations than did the basal portion. This is consistent with the hypothesis that pollinators mediate stabilizing selection on the distal, but not basal, portion of the corolla tube. This result, combined with phylogenetic data, suggests that the elevated liquid level of nectar in the distal tube evolved subsequent to dispersal into the eastern Himalayan region and loss of long-tongue pollinators. After accounting for phylogeny, corolla tube length, anther length, style length and labellum width were all intercorrelated. Corolla-tube depth was not part of this covariational module, however, suggesting separate adaptation to short-tongued pollinators. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in functional corolla tube depth in the Roscoea appears to be related to the loss of long-tongued pollinators associated with dispersal to the eastern Himalayas and pollination by short-tongued pollinators. The apparent mismatch between floral tubes and pollinator tongues is a case of cryptic trait matching between flowers and pollinators, underscoring the importance of combining floral anatomy with pollination ecology in assessing plant-pollinator trait matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, The College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ze-Yu Tong
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ying-Ze Xiong
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, The College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - W Scott Armbruster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO12DY, UK
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Shuang-Quan Huang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Wang B, Tong ZY, Xiong YZ, Wang XF, Armbruster WS, Huang SQ. Degree of style coiling is associated with corolla-tube length in the nectarless flowers of Roscoea schneideriana. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:748-751. [PMID: 38197006 PMCID: PMC10772087 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The plant-pollinator 'arms race' model posits that a major driver of the evolution of elongated corollas in flowers is reciprocal selection for 'morphological fit' between pollinator-tongue length and access distance to nectar (usually corolla-tube length). Evidence for the pollinator-mediated selection on tube length and evolution of multiple, correlated floral traits remains inconclusive. To gain possible insights into the strength of stabilizing selection by assessing standing phenotypic variation, we measured a series of functionally important floral traits, including corolla tube length and 'effective' tube depth and degree of style coiling. We then calculated coefficients of variation (CV) for these traits in three field populations of R. schneideriana. Unlike in most long-tubed flowers, the bottom part of the corolla tube is completely occupied by the style, with no room for nectar. The length of this portion of the corolla tube was more variable (higher CV) than the upper part of the corolla tube, suggesting that functional tube depth was under stronger stabilizing selection. The degree of style coiling was negatively related to the corolla-tube length in all three populations of R. schneideriana, suggesting that there may be conflicting selection acting on style length and corolla-tube length, which are otherwise usually tightly correlated. Given the lack of nectar in the flowers of this species, the long corolla tubes and long styles may represent morphological holdovers from ancestors that were pollinated by long-tongued pollinators, as is still seen in related species in the western Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ze-Yu Tong
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ying-Ze Xiong
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - W. Scott Armbruster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO12DY, UK
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Shuang-Quan Huang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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3
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Xu YW, Sun L, Ma R, Gao YQ, Sun H, Song B. Does pollinator dependence decrease along elevational gradients? PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:446-455. [PMID: 37601546 PMCID: PMC10435910 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants have long been thought to be less dependent on pollinators for seed production at higher elevations due to adverse pollination environments. However, recent research has yet to consistently support the generality of this expectation. In this study, we asked whether pollinator dependence decreases along an elevational gradient and how it varies with various reproductive traits. To answer these questions, we quantified pollinator-plant associations and various reproductive traits for 112 flowering plants spanning a large elevational gradient (990-4260 m a.s.l.) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We found that flowering plants in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region are highly dependent on pollinators for seed production (76.2% of seed production was contributed by animal pollinators and 44.6% of plants would produce no seed without pollinator visitation). Contrary to our expectation, there was no significant elevational gradient in pollinator dependence index. Although the pollinator dependence index was not significantly correlated with pollen limitation, flower size, floral longevity, or reward type, it was correlated with compatibility status and flowering time. These findings indicate that pollinator dependence does not decrease along an elevational gradient in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our study also highlights the severe vulnerability of flowering plant seed production to pollinator declines under global change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, particularly for early-flowering or self-incompatible plants growing at higher elevations (e.g., subnival belt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Wen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rong Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yong-Qian Gao
- Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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4
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Takahashi D, Sakaguchi S, Teramine T, Setoguchi H. Comparative reproductive ecology of two sister Asarum species (Aristolochiaceae) in relation to the evolution of elongated floral appendage. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:987-997. [PMID: 35869650 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genus Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) shows diverse floral morphology and is hypothesized to have diversified as a result of pollinator-mediated selection. Yet most aspects of their reproductive ecology, including pollinators, remain unclear. This study focuses on A. costatum and A. minamitanianum in Japan, a sister species pair having remarkable differences in calyx lobe length (10-20 mm and 70-180 mm, respectively). The objectives of this study are to elucidate multiple aspects of reproductive ecology of these two species and obtain evolutionary insights into floral organ elongation. We adopted combined approaches, including field observations, molecular analyses and cultivation experiments, such as pollinator observation for 3 years, fine-scale spatial genetic analysis of 769 individuals, paternity analysis based on 566 seeds over 4 years, and control pollination experiments. Both Asarum species had strong spatial genetic structures, indicating limited seed dispersal. Pollinator observation revealed that flies and ground-dwelling insects visited flowers of both species, but that the pollinator fauna differed between the species. The visitation rate of flies was extremely low but was more than twice as high in the species with an elongated floral appendage. Paternity analysis revealed A. minamitanianum was predominantly outcrossing, while A. costatum showed a wide range of selfing rates among fruits. These two Asarum species are likely adapted to fly pollination in the shady forest understorey, where available pollinator fauna is limited. In addition, although its function remains unclear, the elongated calyx lobe of A. minamitanianum could have evolved for effective pollen dispersal by attracting fly visitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Takahashi
- Kawatabi Field Science Centre, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Japan
| | - S Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - H Setoguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Chu X, Gugger PF, Li L, Zhao J, Li Q. Responses of an endemic species (
Roscoea humeana
) in the Hengduan Mountains to climate change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Paul F. Gugger
- Appalachian Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Frostburg MD USA
- Ronin Institute Montclair NJ USA
| | - Li Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Jian‐Li Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Qing‐Jun Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Kunming China
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6
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Paudel BR, Shrestha M, Burd M, Li QJ. Dual mechanisms of autonomous selfing in Roscoea nepalensis (Zingiberaceae). Ecology 2021; 102:e03337. [PMID: 33710635 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babu Ram Paudel
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Department of Botany, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Mani Shrestha
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martin Burd
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qing-Jun Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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7
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Paudel BR, Li QJ. Functional implications of the specialized staminal appendages in alpine ginger (Roscoea spp.: Zingiberaceae). J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1265-1275. [PMID: 32627242 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Floral organs are widely believed to enhance the pollination and reproductive success of angiosperms. However, the functional implication of some floral structures is still unknown. In this study, we explored the functional role of staminal appendages on male and female reproductive success of Himalayan Roscoea spp. and tested if their function differed between species with biotic pollination and autonomous selfing. Phenotypic manipulation is a powerful approach to test the functional effect of a particular trait on plant fitness. We compared various proxies of pollination success between intact flowers and flowers with manually excised staminal appendages. We found that the rate of visitation did not differ between intact and manipulated flowers. Our results revealed that in outcrossing Roscoea spp., the staminal appendages act as triggering devices to facilitate pollen release and deposition and also to manipulate the foraging position of pollinators to ensure both male and female reproductive success. In contrast, in autonomously selfing Roscoea spp., the removal of staminal appendages did not affect any aspect of pollination processes. Our results suggest that the staminal appendages are an integral component of outcrossing in Roscoea spp. and are maintained by selection pressure through both male and female reproductive success. This study provides important insights on how variation in breeding systems can provoke changes in the structure and function of floral organs among congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Ram Paudel
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China.,Department of Botany, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Qing-Jun Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
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8
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Zou X, Zhao JL, Zhang ZQ. The complete chloroplast genome of Roscoea tibetica, an alpine ginger species. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1752123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian-Li Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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9
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Paudel BR, Kessler A, Shrestha M, Zhao JL, Li Q. Geographic isolation, pollination syndromes, and pollinator generalization in Himalayan
Roscoea
spp. (Zingiberaceae). Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Babu Ram Paudel
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan 650091 China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan China
- Department of Botany Prithvi Narayan Campus Tribhuvan University Pokhara Nepal
| | - André Kessler
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Mani Shrestha
- School of Media and Communications RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
- Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Jian Li Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan 650091 China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Qing‐Jun Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan 650091 China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan China
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10
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Paudel BR, Shrestha M, Dyer AG, Zhu X, Abdusalam A, Li Q. Out of Africa: evidence of the obligate mutualism between long corolla tubed plant and long-tongued fly in the Himalayas. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5240-5251. [PMID: 30151127 PMCID: PMC6102519 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutualism between long corolla tubed plants and their potential pollinators, long-tongued flies, is a classic example of coevolution, but to date, has only been reported from the regions of southern Africa. Many plant species from the Himalayas also show botanical characteristics that could be consistent with pollination by long-tongued flies. Here, we seek the evidence of the "long-tongued-long tubed fly/flower" mutualism out of Africa, in a different continent and climatic region, the Himalayas.Floral traits of Himalayan region endemic alpine genus, Roscoea, indicate possible mutualism with long-tongued flies for pollination success; however, effective pollinators of this genus are yet unknown. This study investigates whether long-tongued flies and Roscoea purpurea in Nepal Himalayas show exclusive mutualism for their survival/reproduction.We made extensive observations of floral visitors of R. purpurea and food source of Philoliche longirostris across their wide ranges of populations in Nepal Himalayas for three consecutive years (2012-2014). To confirm the obligate reliance of R. purpurea upon P. longirostris for pollination success, manipulated pollination experiments were conducted at two populations for 2 years. Similarly foraging behavior, visitation frequency, and pollination efficiency of P. longirostris were assessed at two populations for 2 years, and its contribution for the reproductive success of R. purpurea was evaluated. Our results indicate that R. purpurea is self-compatible but lacks autonomous selfing and obligatorily relies on P. longirostris for reproductive success. Across all populations, P. longirostris was observed as an exclusive and highly efficient pollinator of R. purpurea, while P. longirostris exclusively depends up on R. purpurea for food source.Out of Africa, this study provides the first evidence of long-tongued fly pollination system and indicates the possibility of additional instances of such a rare phenomenon in the Himalayas. Finding of specialized pollinator of Roscoea only at its evolutionary center indicates that Roscoea species are originally pollinated by long-tongued flies. Spatial mismatch with specialized pollinators may have induced the evolution of autonomous selfing in North Indochinese clades of Roscoea. This finding thus substantiates how geographic disjunction causes the shifting of pollination mechanism in closely related plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Ram Paudel
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun TownMengla CountyYunnan666303China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039China
- Tribhuwan UniversityDepartment of BotanyPrithvi Narayan CampusPokharaNepal
| | - Mani Shrestha
- School of Media and CommunicationRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria3001Australia
- Faculty of Information TechnologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Adrian G. Dyer
- School of Media and CommunicationRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria3001Australia
- Department of PhysiologyMonash UniversityClaytonMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Xing‐Fu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun TownMengla CountyYunnan666303China
| | - Aysajan Abdusalam
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun TownMengla CountyYunnan666303China
| | - Qing‐Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun TownMengla CountyYunnan666303China
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11
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Mohandass D, Zhao JL, Xia YM, Campbell MJ, Li QJ. Increasing temperature causes flowering onset time changes of alpine ginger Roscoea in the Central Himalayas. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Low abundance of long-tongued pollinators leads to pollen limitation in four specialized hawkmoth-pollinated plants in the Atlantic Rain forest, Brazil. Naturwissenschaften 2014; 101:893-905. [PMID: 25204723 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-014-1230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-tubed hawkmoth-pollinated species present some of the most remarkable examples of floral specialization depending exclusively on long-tongued hawkmoths for sexual reproduction. Nonetheless, long-tongued hawkmoths do not rely exclusively on specialized plants as nectar sources, which may limit sexual reproduction through pollen limitation. However, very few studies have quantified the level of pollen limitation in plants with highly specialized floral traits in tropical regions. In this context, we studied four sympatric hawkmoth-pollinated species in a highland Atlantic Rain forest and assessed pollen limitation and their dependence on pollinators by analyzing the floral biology, breeding system, pollination mechanisms, and abundance of long-tongued pollinators. We showed that the four species are self-compatible, but are completely dependent on long-tongued hawkmoths to set fruits, and that flower visitation was infrequent in all plant species. Pollen limitation indices ranged from 0.53 to 0.96 showing that fruit set is highly limited by pollen receipt. Long-tongued moths are much less abundant and comprise only one sixth of the hawkmoth fauna. Pollen analyses of 578 sampled moths revealed that hawkmoths visited ca. 80 plant species in the community, but only two of the four species studied. Visited plants included a long-tubed hawkmoth-pollinated species endemic to the lowland forest ca. 15-20 km away from the study site. Specialization index (H 2 ' = 0.20) showed that community-level interactions between hawkmoths and plants are generalized. We suggest that sexual reproduction of these highly specialized hawkmoth-pollinated species is impaired by competition among plants for pollinators, in conjunction with the low abundance and diversity of long-tongued pollinators.
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13
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Sakai S, Kawakita A, Ooi K, Inoue T. Variation in the strength of association among pollination systems and floral traits: evolutionary changes in the floral traits of Bornean gingers (Zingiberaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:546-55. [PMID: 23425560 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Diversification of floral traits in angiosperms is often attributed to have been driven by adaptations to pollinators. Nevertheless, phylogenetic studies on the relationships among evolutionary changes in floral traits and pollination systems are still limited. We examined the relationships between floral trait changes and pollinator shifts in Bornean gingers (Zingiberaceae). These plants have strongly zygomorphic flowers pollinated by spiderhunter birds, bees of the genus Amegilla, and halictid bees. • METHODS We identified pollination systems through field observations and recorded petal color, quantity of floral rewards, and seven measures of flower morphology in 28 ginger species. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from nucleotide sequences of the matK and ITS regions. We examined the correlations between the evolution of pollination systems and floral traits using phylogenetically independent contrasts. • KEY RESULTS Significant association was found between pink color and spiderhunter pollination, orange and Amegilla pollination, and yellow and white and halictid pollination. Sugar production was higher in spiderhunter-pollinated species and lower in halictid-pollinated. Meanwhile, there was a significant association only for a subset of the floral morphological characters measured. Floral tube length, which is often thought to evolve to match the lengths of pollinator probing apparatuses, did not show any correlation. • CONCLUSIONS There is considerable variation in the strength of association among pollination systems and floral traits. Lack of significant correlation in some traits could partly be explained by floral functions other than pollination, such as adaptations to prevent herbivore damage to the ovules. Further studies on these factors may improve understanding of plant-pollinator interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Sakai
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Motoyama 457-4, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 606-8047, Japan.
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Weber JJ, Goodwillie C. Variation in floral longevity in the genus Leptosiphon: mating system consequences. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:220-5. [PMID: 22607097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pollination or fertilisation trigger floral senescence in a wide range of flowering plants, and yet little attention has been given to the implications of this phenomenon to mating system evolution. We examined the effects of pollination on floral senescence in the genus Leptosiphon. Species in the genus exhibit a wide range of breeding systems. In all cases, compatible pollination induced senescence; emasculated flowers lived longer than hand-outcrossed flowers. In the self-compatible species, Leptosiphon acicularis and L. bicolor, and in one highly selfing population of L. jepsonii, unmanipulated flowers had reduced longevity compared to emasculated flowers, suggesting that autonomous self-pollination limits floral longevity in these species. Limited floral longevity in these highly selfing taxa may reduce opportunities for male outcross success, representing a possible source of selection on the mating system. In turn, the mating system might influence how selection acts on floral longevity; obligately outcrossing taxa are expected to benefit from longer floral longevities to maximise opportunities for pollination, while selfing taxa might benefit from earlier floral senescence to reduce resource expenditure. Overall, the longevity of unpollinated flowers increased with the level of outcrossing in the genus Leptosiphon. Our results taken together with those of a previous study and similar results in other species suggest that floral longevity may represent a largely unexamined role in mating system evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Weber
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, CA, USA.
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Fan YL, Li QJ. Stigmatic fluid aids self-pollination in Roscoea debilis (Zingiberaceae): a new delayed selfing mechanism. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:969-975. [PMID: 22851310 PMCID: PMC3448424 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Delayed selfing is the predominant mode of autonomous self-pollination in flowering plants. However, few delayed selfing mechanisms have been documented. This research aims to explore a new delayed selfing mechanism induced by stigmatic fluid in Roscoea debilis, a small perennial ginger. METHODS Floral biology and flower visitors were surveyed. The capacity of autonomous selfing was evaluated by pollinator exclusion. The timing of autonomous selfing was estimated by emasculation at different flowering stages. The number of seeds produced from insect-pollination was assessed by emasculation and exposure to pollinators in the natural population. The breeding system was also tested by pollination manipulations. KEY RESULTS Autonomous self-pollination occurred after flowers wilted. The stigmatic fluid formed a globule on the stigma on the third day of flowering. The enlarged globule seeped into the nearby pollen grains on the fourth flowering day, thus inducing pollen germination. Pollen tubes then elongated and penetrated the stigma. Hand-selfed flowers produced as many seeds as hand-crossed flowers. There was no significant difference in seed production between pollinator-excluded flowers and hand-selfed flowers. When emasculated flowers were exposed to pollinators, they produced significantly fewer seeds than intact flowers. Visits by effective pollinators were rare. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a new form of delayed autonomous self-pollination. As the predominant mechanism of sexual reproduction in R. debilis, delayed self-pollination ensures reproduction when pollinators are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Town, Mengla County, Yunnan 666303, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qing-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Town, Mengla County, Yunnan 666303, China
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Du GH, Zhang ZQ, Li QJ. Morphological and molecular evidence for natural hybridization in sympatric population of Roscoea humeana and R. cautleoides (Zingiberaceae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2012; 125:595-603. [PMID: 22351043 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The sympatric occurrence of some species in Roscoea is very common, but little information is available on natural hybridization. However, some intermediate individuals were found on the sympatric population of Roscoea humeana and R. cautleoides at Ganhaizi population in northwestern Yunnan Province, China. We suspected that these intermediate individuals were the hybrids of R. humeana and R. cautleoides from the previous evidence, but could not confirm them. In this study, morphometric analysis was followed by examination of HAT-RAPD polymorphisms to determine the occurrence of natural hybridization between sympatric R. humeana and R. cautleoides. The results showed that most morphological characters of the putative hybrids were found to be intermediate between those of R. humeana and R. cautleoides. Meanwhile, molecular analysis confirmed that the morphological intermediates were derived from hybridization between the two species. From the analysis of the NewHybrids, the hybridization individuals were mainly F₁s. These results indicated that interspecific hybridization between R. humeana and R. cautleoides indeed occurred in sympatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Du
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Town, Mengla County, Yunnan 666303, China
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Moré M, Amorim FW, Benitez-Vieyra S, Medina AM, Sazima M, Cocucci AA. Armament imbalances: match and mismatch in plant-pollinator traits of highly specialized long-spurred orchids. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41878. [PMID: 22848645 PMCID: PMC3405039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some species of long-spurred orchids achieve pollination by a close association with long-tongued hawkmoths. Among them, several Habenaria species present specialized mechanisms, where pollination success depends on the attachment of pollinaria onto the heads of hawkmoths with very long proboscises. However, in the Neotropical region such moths are less abundant than their shorter-tongued relatives and are also prone to population fluctuations. Both factors may give rise to differences in pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits through time and space. Methodology/Principal Findings We characterized hawkmoth assemblages and estimated phenotypic selection gradients on orchid spur lengths in populations of three South American Habenaria species. We examined the match between hawkmoth proboscis and flower spur lengths to determine whether pollinators may act as selective agents on flower morphology. We found significant directional selection on spur length only in Habenaria gourlieana, where most pollinators had proboscises longer than the mean of orchid spur length. Conclusions/Significance Phenotypic selection is dependent on the mutual match between pollinator and flower morphologies. However, our findings indicate that pollinator-mediated selection may vary through time and space according to local variations in pollinator assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Moré
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Felipe W. Amorim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Santiago Benitez-Vieyra
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A. Martin Medina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Andrea A. Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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