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Szymański M, Wandtke T, Wasilow K, Andryszczyk M, Janicki R, Domaracki P. Comparison of 3- and 6-Month Outcomes of Combined Oral L-Carnitine Fumarate and Acetyl-L-Carnitine Therapy, Included in an Antioxidant Formulation, in Patients with Idiopathic Infertility. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211036790. [PMID: 34515581 PMCID: PMC8442503 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211036790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The male factor is responsible for infertility in about 35-40% of all cases. Idiopathic oligo- and/or astheno- and/or therato-zoospermia is one of the most common male fertility disorders and remains a significant therapeutic challenge. The primary cause of idiopathic male infertility remains unknown but seems to be associated with oxidative stress. Objective: The use of antioxidative formulation to improve qualitative and quantitative deficiencies in the male gametes.In total, 78 subjects were treated with a combination of 1,725 mg L-carnitine fumarate, 500 mg acetyl-L-carnitine, 90 mg vitamin C, 20 mg coenzyme Q10, 10 mg zinc, 200 µg folic acid, 50 µg selenium, and 1.5 µg vitamin B12 (Proxeed® Plus, Sigma-Tau, Italy) for 6 months; the preparation was taken twice daily from the time idiopathic infertility was diagnosed. Basic seminal parameters were evaluated by a European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) -certified embryologist following the fifth edition of the World Health Organisation (2010) guidelines at three time points: at baseline and 3 and 6 months of treatment.Improvements in semen parameters (differing in terms of dynamics) were evident at 3 months and gradually improved over the 6 months of treatment. Each parameter: sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm total and progressive motility improved significantly after treatment except for the percentage of sperm of abnormal morphology and ejaculate volume.Proxeed Plus was effective for patients with idiopathic infertility; however, a long treatment period is needed to achieve optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Szymański
- Department of Women’s Health,
Sexology and Reproductive Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus
Copernicus University, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- NZOZ Medical Center, Clinic of
Infertility Treatment “Genesis”, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Gynecology and Oncological
Gynecology Ward, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, IPHC,
Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wandtke
- NZOZ Medical Center, Clinic of
Infertility Treatment “Genesis”, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Gene Therapy,
Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń,
Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Wasilow
- NZOZ Medical Center, Clinic of
Infertility Treatment “Genesis”, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Andryszczyk
- NZOZ Medical Center, Clinic of
Infertility Treatment “Genesis”, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz,
Poland
| | - Radosław Janicki
- NZOZ Medical Center, Clinic of
Infertility Treatment “Genesis”, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Gynecology and Oncological
Gynecology Ward, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, IPHC,
Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Domaracki
- Gynecology and Oncological
Gynecology Ward, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, IPHC,
Bydgoszcz, Poland
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2
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Solomon M, Henkel R. Semen culture and the assessment of genitourinary tract infections. Indian J Urol 2017; 33:188-193. [PMID: 28717267 PMCID: PMC5508428 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_407_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The male factor contributes approximately 50% to infertility-related cases in couples with an estimated 12%–35% of these cases attributable to male genital tract infections. Depending on the nature of the infection, testicular sperm production, sperm transport, and sperm function can be compromised. Yet, infections are potentially treatable causes of infertility. Male genital tract infections are increasingly difficult to detect. Moreover, they often remain asymptomatic (“silent”) with the result that they are then passed on to the relevant sexual partner leading to fertilization and pregnancy failure as well as illness of the offspring. With the worldwide increasing problem of antibiotic resistance of pathogens, proper diagnosis and therapy of the patient is important. This testing, however, should include not only aerobic microbes but also anaerobic as these can be found in almost all ejaculates with about 71% being potentially pathogenic. Therefore, in cases of any indication of a male genital tract infection, a semen culture should be carried out, particularly in patients with questionable semen quality. Globally, an estimate of 340 million new infections with sexually transmitted pathogens is recorded annually. Among these, the most prevalent pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma hominis. Escherichia coli are considered the most common nonsexually transmitted urogenital tract microbes. These pathogens cause epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis, or prostatitis and contribute to increased seminal leukocyte concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Solomon
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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3
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Zalata A, El-Samanoudy AZ, Osman G, Elhanbly S, Nada HA, Mostafa T. Cytochrome P450-2D6*4 polymorphism seminal relationship in infertile men. Andrologia 2014; 47:525-30. [PMID: 24865344 DOI: 10.1111/and.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess cytochrome (CY) P450-2D6*4 polymorphism relationship with semen variables in infertile men. In all, 308 men were included; fertile normozoospermia (N) (n = 77), asthenozoospermia (A) (n = 70), asthenoteratozoospermia (AT) (n = 75) and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) (n = 86). They were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, semen analysis, sperm acrosin activity, seminal malondialdehyde (MDA) and CYP450-2D6*4 genotyping. CYP450-2D6*4 wild-type allele was represented in 76.5% of N, 70% of A, 66.7% of AT and 57.7% of OAT men where homozygous gene mutation was present in 5.9% of N, 20% of A, 26.6% of AT and 26.9% of OAT men, respectively. Sperm acrosin activity, sperm concentration, sperm motility, linear sperm velocity and sperm normal forms were significantly higher, and seminal MDA level was significantly lower in men with CYP450-2D6*4 wild-type allele compared with men with homozygous mutation. It is concluded that CYP450-2D6*4 wild-type allele has higher frequency where homozygous-type allele has lower frequency in N men compared with A, AT and OAT men. Sperm acrosin activity index, sperm concentration, sperm motility, linear sperm velocity and sperm normal forms were significantly higher, and seminal MDA level was significantly lower in men with CYP450-2D6*4 wild-type allele compared with men with homozygous mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zalata
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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4
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Effects of Enterobacter cloacae on boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17°C. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 148:72-82. [PMID: 24880981 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of fresh and extended boar sperm often occurs in farms and artificial insemination (AI) centres during semen collection, processing and storage. The presence of bacteria produces detrimental effects on boar sperm quality, which may cause economic losses in reproductive centres. The present study has evaluated for the first time how the presence of Enterobacter cloacae affects the preservation of boar spermatozoa in liquid storage at 15-17 °C for an 11-day period. With this purpose, extended semen samples from seven healthy post-pubertal boars were artificially contaminated with different sperm:bacterium ratios (2:1; 1:1; 1:5 and 1:10) of E. cloacae. The 1:0 ratio (non-inoculated) served as a negative control. The most infective ratios (i.e. 1:5 and 1:10) significantly damaged sperm motility and membrane integrity, increased sperm agglutination, and decreased the osmotic resistance of spermatozoa. In contrast, the negative impact that the lowest bacterial concentration (2:1) had on boar sperm quality was clearly lower. In addition, other parameters such as pH were also more affected at the highest infective ratios (i.e. 1:5 and 1:10), despite no damage being observed on sperm morphology. In conclusion, the present work shows that damage inflicted by the presence of E. cloacae in boar sperm during liquid storage at 15-17 °C compromises the longevity and fertilising ability of seminal doses when bacterial concentration is higher than a 1:1 ratio. Further research is warranted to address by which mechanism E. cloacae impairs boar sperm quality.
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5
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Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, Vicari E, Duca Y, Favilla V, Morgia G, Cimino S, Di Mauro M, La Vignera S. Prevalence of male accessory gland inflammations/infections in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:770-4. [PMID: 23633651 DOI: 10.3275/8950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MAGI is an acronym that identifies the "male accessory gland inflammations/infections", a potential cause of male infertility. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) prevalence is going to increase among men of reproductive age. Due to the high prevalence of these two conditions, we could suppose that they might appear together in the same patient. AIM To evaluate MAGI prevalence in patients with DM2 in fertile age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study carried out on patients with DM2 of fertile age. All patients underwent andrological evaluation for the identification of conventional MAGI diagnostic criteria. RESULTS DM2 patients showed a frequency of MAGI about 43%, significantly lower (p<0.05) than in infertile patients of the same age without diabetes, which showed a MAGI overall frequency of 61%. Among examined diabetic patients the prevalence of MAGI did not significantly differ between patients attending for diabetes care problems (glycemic control) and patients with andrological disorders. Finally, no significant difference in seminal inflammatory signs frequency was detected between patients with DM2 and infertile patients without diabetes. Finally, the correlation analysis showed a significant direct correlation between duration of diabetes and glycemic control with the prevalence of MAGI. CONCLUSION MAGI prevalence in DM2 is lower than the one detected in age-matched infertile non-diabetic patients, however, as in infertile patients, there is a high frequency of seminal inflammatory signs. Moreover, the observed prevalence among diabetic patients with diabetes care problems and diabetic patients with andrological problems is not statistically different.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Condorelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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6
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Úbeda JL, Ausejo R, Dahmani Y, Falceto MV, Usan A, Malo C, Perez-Martinez FC. Adverse effects of members of the Enterobacteriaceae family on boar sperm quality. Theriogenology 2013; 80:565-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Mupfiga C, Fisher D, Kruger T, Henkel R. The relationship between seminal leukocytes, oxidative status in the ejaculate, and apoptotic markers in human spermatozoa. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2013; 59:304-11. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2013.821540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Maroto Martín LO, Muñoz EC, De Cupere F, Van Driessche E, Echemendia-Blanco D, Rodríguez JMM, Beeckmans S. Bacterial contamination of boar semen affects the litter size. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 120:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Eggert-Kruse W, Zimmermann K, Geißler W, Ehrmann A, Boit R, Strowitzki T. Clinical relevance of polymorphonuclear (PMN-) elastase determination in semen and serum during infertility investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 32:317-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Everaert K, Mahmoud A, Depuydt C, Maeyaert M, Comhaire F. Chronic prostatitis and male accessory gland infection - is there an impact on male infertility (diagnosis and therapy)? Andrologia 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2003.tb00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Mourvaki E, Collodel G, Moretti E, Cosci I, Castellini C. Distribution of alpha-, gamma (+beta)- and delta-tocopherol in the seminal plasma, spermatozoa and seminal vesicles of rabbit. Andrologia 2008; 40:282-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Fraczek M, Szumala-Kakol A, Jedrzejczak P, Kamieniczna M, Kurpisz M. Bacteria trigger oxygen radical release and sperm lipid peroxidation in in vitro model of semen inflammation. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:1076-85. [PMID: 17383646 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the in vitro effect of five bacterial strains isolated from semen samples (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus oralis, Bacteroides ureolyticus, and Ureaplasma urealyticum) on reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) release and lipid sperm membrane peroxidation in the coincubated suspensions of white blood cells (WBC) with spermatozoa. DESIGN An in vitro model of semen infection. SETTING Basic research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Healthy normozoospermic volunteers and healthy blood donors. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Chemiluminescent assay was used to evaluate ROI generation by WBC. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was determined in sperm lysates using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULT(S) Of the bacterial strains tested, B. ureolyticus, S. haemolyticus, and E. coli caused the greatest damage to sperm membrane lipids. An increase in MDA levels in sperm lysates was a natural consequence of bacteria-induced ROI generation. The WBC usually enhanced harmful activity of the infectious agent toward the cell membranes. CONCLUSION(S) The harmful effect of bacteria on spermatozoa depends on the type and species of microorganisms invading, colonizing, or infecting the male genital tract and is associated with the accompanying oxidative stress. The presence of leukocytes in semen appears to be the additional factor enhancing the sperm lipid membrane peroxidation, which may affect the fertility status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fraczek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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13
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Abstract
Idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT) affects approximately 30% of all infertile men. This mini-review discussed recent data in this field. Age, non-inflammatory functional alterations in post-testicular organs, infective agents (Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes virus and adeno-associated viruses), alterations in gamete genome, mitochondrial alterations, environmental pollutants and "subtle" hormonal alterations are all considered possible causes of iOAT. Increase of reactive oxygen species in tubules and in seminal plasma and of apoptosis are reputed to affect sperm concentration, motility and morphology. iOAT is commonly diagnosed by exclusion, nevertheless spectral traces of the main testicular artery may be used as a diagnostic tool for iOAT. The following can be considered therapies for iOAT: 1) tamoxifen citrate (20 mg/d) + testosterone undecanoate (120 mg/d) (pregnancy rate per couple/month [prcm]: 3.8%); 2) folic acid (66 mg/d) + zinc sulfate (5 mg/d); 3) L-carnitine (2 g/d) alone or in combination with acetyl-L-carnitine (1 g/d) (prcm: 2.3%); and 4) both carnitines = one 30 mg cinnoxicam suppository every 4 days (prcm: 8.5%). Alpha-blocking drugs improved sperm concentration but not morphology, motility or pregnancy rate. Tranilast (300 mg/d) increased sperm parameters and pregnancy rates in an initial uncontrolled study. Its efficacy on sperm concentration (but not on sperm motility, morphology or prcm) was confirmed in subsequent published reports. The efficacy of tamoxifen + testosterone undecanoate, tamoxifen alone, and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone is still a matter for discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cavallini
- Operative Unit of Andrology, Società Italiana di Medicina della Riproduzione, Via Mazzini 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Ciereszko A, Wlasow T, Dobosz S, Goryczko K, Glogowski J. Blood cells in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss milt: relation to milt collection method and sampling period. Theriogenology 2004; 62:1353-64. [PMID: 15325560 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2003] [Revised: 11/12/2003] [Accepted: 02/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of blood cells in milt of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected every week between the middle at the end of the spawning season, either by stripping or by catheterization was investigated. Basic sperm biological and biochemical characteristics were also evaluated. Because milt often becomes contaminated with blood during collection, we also studied the influence of experimental blood contamination on sperm motility and biochemical parameters of seminal plasma. We demonstrated the presence of blood cells (erythrocytes, lymphoid, and phagocytes) in rainbow trout milt collected by both methods. Both sampling period and collection method influenced sperm characteristics, however the relationship between these characteristics and blood cells are not clear at present. A high number of blood cells in milt was found in some samples, possibly due to inflammation, because at the same time we observed bacteria and elevated levels of protein and antiproteinase activity in contaminated samples. Experimental contamination of milt with blood did not influence sperm motility, protein concentration and LDH activity of the 5-day-stored semen. Our study demonstrated that blood cells were present in rainbow trout milt. Blood cells may also appear in milt as a result of bleeding and their elevated levels are present during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ciereszko
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, 10-747 Olsztyn, Tuwima 10, Poland.
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15
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Everaert K, Mahmoud A, Depuydt C, Maeyaert M, Comhaire F. Chronic prostatitis and male accessory gland infection - is there an impact on male infertility (diagnosis and therapy)? Andrologia 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0272.2003.00569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
Male accessory sex gland infections are considered to be hazards to male fertility. Various pathophysiologic concepts have evolved from experimental and clinical studies that begin to explain the effects of bacteria and immunologic events on spermatozoa. Recent studies have identified and evaluated mediators that are responsible for specific molecular processes in infections that particularly affect the function of spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Diemer
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612-7342, USA.
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