1
|
Ciornei Ş, Drugociu D, Ciornei LM, Mareş M, Roşca P. Total Aseptization of Boar Semen, to Increase the Biosecurity of Reproduction in Swine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206183. [PMID: 34684764 PMCID: PMC8541232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish the complete microbiological profile of boar semen (Sus scrofa domesticus) and to choose the most effective antiseptic measures in order to control and optimize AI reproduction in pig farms. One hundred and one semen samples were collected and analyzed from several pig farms. The microbiological profile of ejaculates was determined by evaluating the degree of contamination of fresh semen and after dilution with specific extenders. The bacterial and fungal load of fresh boar semen recorded an average value of 82.41/0.149 × 103 CFU/mL, while after diluting the ejaculates the contamination value was 0.354/0.140 × 103 CFU/mL. Twenty-four germs (15 bacterial and 9 fungal species) were isolated, the most common being Candida parapsilosis/sake (92%) and Escherichia coli (81.2%). Modification of the sperm collection protocol (HPBC) reduced contamination in raw sperm by 49.85% in bacteria (significant (p < 0.00001) and by 9.67% in fungi (non-significant (p < 0.111491). The load in bacteria and filamentous fungi can be controllable, but not in levuras fungi. Some fluconazole-added extenders (12.5 mg%), ensure fungal aseptization, and even an increase in sperm progressivity (8.39%) for at least a 12 h shelf life after dilution. Validation of sperm aseptization was done by maintaining sow fecundity unchanged after AI (insignificant p > 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ştefan Ciornei
- Reproduction Clinic, Department Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS), M. Sadoveanu Alee, no 6, 700489 Iaşi, Romania; (Ş.C.); (D.D.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Dan Drugociu
- Reproduction Clinic, Department Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS), M. Sadoveanu Alee, no 6, 700489 Iaşi, Romania; (Ş.C.); (D.D.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Liliana Margareta Ciornei
- Reproduction Clinic, Department Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS), M. Sadoveanu Alee, no 6, 700489 Iaşi, Romania; (Ş.C.); (D.D.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Mihai Mareş
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS), M. Sadoveanu Alee, no 6, 700489 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Petru Roşca
- Reproduction Clinic, Department Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS), M. Sadoveanu Alee, no 6, 700489 Iaşi, Romania; (Ş.C.); (D.D.); (L.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Damjanovic K, Menéndez P, Blackall LL, van Oppen MJH. Early Life Stages of a Common Broadcast Spawning Coral Associate with Specific Bacterial Communities Despite Lack of Internalized Bacteria. Microb Ecol 2020; 79:706-719. [PMID: 31435691 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coral-associated bacteria are critical for the well-being of their host and may play essential roles during ontogeny, as suggested by the vertical transmission of some bacteria in brooding corals. Bacterial acquisition patterns in broadcast spawners remain uncertain, as 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding of coral early life stages suggests the presence of bacterial communities, which have not been detected by microscopic examinations. Here, we combined 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) microscopy to analyze bacterial assemblages in Acropora tenuis egg-sperm bundles, embryos, and larvae following a spawning event. Metabarcoding results indicated that A. tenuis offspring ≤ 4-day-old were associated with diverse and dynamic bacterial microbiomes, dominated by Rhodobacteraceae, Alteromonadaceae, and Oceanospirillaceae. While FISH analyses confirmed the lack of internalized bacteria in A. tenuis offspring, metabarcoding showed that even the earliest life stages examined (egg-sperm bundles and two-cell stages) were associated with a diverse bacterial community, suggesting the bacteria were confined to the mucus layer. These results can be explained by vertical transmission of certain taxa (mainly Endozoicomonas) in the mucus surrounding the gametes within bundles, or by horizontal bacterial transmission through the release of bacteria by spawning adults into the water column.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Damjanovic
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville MC, QLD, 4810, Australia.
| | - Patricia Menéndez
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville MC, QLD, 4810, Australia
- Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Linda L Blackall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville MC, QLD, 4810, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silago V, Mukama Y, Haule AL, Chacha F, Igenge J, Mushi MF, Mshana SE. Bacteriospermia, extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria and other factors associated with male infertility in Mwanza, Tanzania: a need of diagnostic bacteriology for management of male infertility. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:4-13. [PMID: 33402887 PMCID: PMC7750055 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections caused by Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing bacterial are global challenge. There is limited information on the magnitude of bacteriospermia, ESBL producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) causing bacteriospermia and factors associated with male infertility. This study determined magnitude of bacteriospermia, ESBL-GNB and other factors association with infertility among presumptive infertile men in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted between May 2017 and July 2018 among 137 presumptive infertile men. Semen specimens were self-collected by masturbation into clean, sterile and none-spermicidal containers and processed following laboratory standard operating procedures (SOPs). Data analysis was done using STATA 13.0. Results Gram-negative bacteria were predominantly isolated (86.4%), of which 31.6% were ESBL producers. In a total 44 bacteria were isolated from semen culture. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 75% of phenotypically confirmed ESBL producers. Infertility was independently found to be associated with abnormal spermatozoa morphology (OR (95%CI): 14.48(3.17–66.05)) and abnormal spermatozoa motility (OR (95%CI): 0.05(0.01–0.24)). However, neither bacteriospermia (OR (95%CI): 0.86(0.29–2.59)) nor ESBL bacteriospermia (OR (95%CI): 0.13(0.01–1.22)) was found to be associated with infertility. Conclusion One third of bacteriospermia is due to ESBL-producers with history of antibiotic use being protective factor for infertility. Abnormal spermatozoa morphology and poor spermatozoa forward motility independently predicted infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitus Silago
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Bugando. P. O. Box 1464 Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Yusuph Mukama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Bugando. P. O. Box 1464 Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Anna L Haule
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Bugando. P. O. Box 1464 Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Frank Chacha
- Department of Urology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Bugando. P. O. Box 1464 Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - John Igenge
- Department of Urology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Bugando. P. O. Box 1464 Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Martha F Mushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Bugando. P. O. Box 1464 Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Bugando. P. O. Box 1464 Mwanza, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Swanson GM, Moskovtsev S, Librach C, Pilsner JR, Goodrich R, Krawetz SA. What human sperm RNA-Seq tells us about the microbiome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:359-368. [PMID: 31902104 PMCID: PMC7056791 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was designed to assess the capacity of human sperm RNA-seq data to gauge the diversity of the associated microbiome within the ejaculate. METHODS Semen samples were collected, and semen parameters evaluated at time of collection. Sperm RNA was isolated and subjected to RNA-seq. Microbial composition was determined by aligning sequencing reads not mapped to the human genome to the NCBI RefSeq bacterial, viral and archaeal genomes following RNA-Seq. Analysis of microbial assignments utilized phyloseq and vegan. RESULTS Microbial composition within each sample was characterized as a function of microbial associated RNAs. Bacteria known to be associated with the male reproductive tract were present at similar levels in all samples representing 11 genera from four phyla with one exception, an outlier. Shannon diversity index (p < 0.001) and beta diversity (unweighted UniFrac distances, p = 9.99e-4; beta dispersion, p = 0.006) indicated the outlier was significantly different from all other samples. The outlier sample exhibited a dramatic increase in Streptococcus. Multiple testing indicated two operational taxonomic units, S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae (p = 0.009), were present. CONCLUSION These results provide a first look at the microbiome as a component of human sperm RNA sequencing that has sufficient sensitivity to identify contamination or potential pathogenic bacterial colonization at least among the known contributors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Swanson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | | | - J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Robert Goodrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Stephen A Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duracka M, Lukac N, Kacaniova M, Kantor A, Hleba L, Ondruska L, Tvrda E. Antibiotics Versus Natural Biomolecules: The Case of In Vitro Induced Bacteriospermia by Enterococcus Faecalis in Rabbit Semen. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234329. [PMID: 31783504 PMCID: PMC6930653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Male subfertility is a global issue in human reproduction as well as in animal reproduction. Bacterial infection and semen contamination are still widely overlooked. As the collection of ejaculates is not a sterile process, it is necessary to add antimicrobial agents to avoid a possible depreciation of semen samples. As traditionally used antibiotics have been questioned because of an ever-increasing bacterial resistance, natural bioactive molecules could offer an alternative because of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. As such, we decided to compare the effects of selected natural biomolecules (resveratrol-RES, quercetin-QUE and curcumin-CUR) with routinely used antibiotics in animal biotechnologies (penicillin-PEN, gentamicin-GEN and kanamycin-KAN) on the rabbit sperm vitality in the presence of Enterococcus faecalis. Changes in the sperm structural integrity and functional activity were monitored at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) was used for the assessment of spermatozoa motility. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated using chemiluminiscence, while the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was examined using the JC-1 dye. Finally, the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test was used to assess DNA fragmentation, and changes to the membrane integrity were evaluated with the help of annexin V/propidium iodide. The motility assessment revealed a significant sperm motility preservation following treatment with GEN (p < 0.001), followed by PEN and CUR (p < 0.01). QUE was the most capable substance to scavenge excessive ROS (p < 0.001) and to maintain ΔΨm (p < 0.01). The SCD assay revealed that the presence of bacteria and antibiotics significantly (p < 0.05) increased the DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, all bioactive compounds readily preserved the DNA integrity (p < 0.05). In contrast to the antibiotics, the natural biomolecules significantly maintained the sperm membrane integrity (p < 0.05). The microbiological analysis showed that GEN (p < 0.001), KAN (p < 0.001), PEN (p < 0.01) and CUR (p < 0.01) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. In conclusion, all selected biomolecules provided protection to rabbit spermatozoa against deleterious changes to their structure and function as a result of Enterococcus faecalis contamination. Therefore, administration of RES, QUE and/or CUR to rabbit semen extenders in combination with a carefully selected antibacterial substance may be desirable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Duracka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.D.); (N.L.)
| | - Norbert Lukac
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.D.); (N.L.)
| | - Miroslava Kacaniova
- Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Bioenergy and Food Technology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Attila Kantor
- Department of Technology and Quality of Plant Products, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Lukas Hleba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Lubomir Ondruska
- Institute of Small Farm Animals, Research Institute for Animal Production, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Tvrda
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.D.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-37-641-4918
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zuleta-González MC, Zapata-Salazar ME, Guerrero-Hurtado LS, Puerta-Suárez J, Cardona-Maya WD. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae: Passengers in the sperm travel. ARCH ESP UROL 2019; 72:939-947. [PMID: 31697255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED During their journey through the female reproductive tract to reach the oocyte in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, spermatozoa interact with substances and microorganisms that affect sperm quality, thus altering their fertilizing capacity. OBJECTIVES To determine in vitro the effect of Streptococcus agalactiae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and their soluble factors on sperm parameters, and to evaluate the ability of human sperm to interact with and transport these bacteria. METHODS The effects of S. agalactiae, K. pneumoniae and their soluble factors on the viability, sperm motility and functional sperm parameters were quantified. In addition, motile spermatozoa were incubated with decreasing concentrations of bacteria for one hour, washed and post-infection treatments were performed with trypsin and transport capacity was assessed by quantitative cultures. RESULTS Incubation of spermatozoa with K. pneumoniae decreased progressive motility. The soluble factors of K. pneumoniae increased the number of necrotic spermatozoa and the soluble factors of S. agalactiae increased lipid peroxidation of the sperm membrane (p<0.05). A strong interaction between sperm and bacteria was observed in the transport assays even in washed trypsin-treated samples. CONCLUSION Human spermatozoa act as vectors for infections, generating strong interactions with K. pneumoniae and S. agalactiae favoring their diffusion through the female reproductive tract. This interaction affects male fertility by altering progressive motility, increasing the number of necrotic cells and inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Camila Zuleta-González
- Grupo Reproducción. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín. Antioquia. Colombia
| | - Marta Elena Zapata-Salazar
- Grupo Reproducción. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín. Antioquia. Colombia
| | - Laura Sofía Guerrero-Hurtado
- Grupo Reproducción. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín. Antioquia. Colombia
| | - Jennifer Puerta-Suárez
- Grupo Reproducción. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín. Antioquia. Colombia
| | - Walter D Cardona-Maya
- Grupo Reproducción. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín. Antioquia. Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bussalleu E, Althouse GC. A PCR detection method for discerning Serratia marcescens in extended boar semen. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 151:106-110. [PMID: 29959954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is a bacterial contaminant that can be spermicidal when present in extended boar semen that is typically stored prior to breeding use at 15 to 18 °C for several days. This particular contaminant appears to originate from carrier boars, where it resides in the preputial cavity, but has also been shown to then easily contaminate the semen-processing laboratory. Screening for carrier boars to date has been performed through detection of S.marcescens in ejaculates using traditional agar plate culture techniques. These agar growth techniques are labor and time consuming due to the need for sample °titration and temporal growth followed by isolation, leading to delays in identification. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, sensitive traditional PCR technique that can detect the presence of S.marcescens in extended boar semen. Primers for the detection of S. marcescens 16S rRNA were designed and specificity tested. After PCR optimization, assay sensitivity was evaluated using extended boar semen that was inoculated with various physiological ratios of spermatozoa: S.marcescens (100:1, 50:1, 20:1, 10:1, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1, 2:1. 1:1 and 1:10). Samples, held at 16 °C, were tested every 24 h over a 96 h period, with bacterial DNA extraction performed at each time point using a commercial kit. As a final step, the developed technique was used to screen random samples of extended boar semen for S. marcescens contamination. Results showed that this PCR technique had a sensitivity (90%) and specificity (100%) at detecting S.marcescens in the different inoculated ratios as well as in random, naturally contaminated samples of extended boar semen. In conclusion, this study reports a traditional PCR technique that is effective at rapidly and accurately detecting the presence of S.marcescens in boar extended semen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Bussalleu
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - G C Althouse
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348-1692, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a common method used to preserve the sperm of various animal species, and it is widely used with zebrafish (Danio rerio). As with other animals, there is a possibility of paternal pathogen transmission through sperm. We evaluated the ability of five common and important pathogens of zebrafish to survive cryopreservation as used with zebrafish sperm and freezing without cryopreservant. We evaluated Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium marinum, and Edwardsiella ictaluri, each originally isolated from zebrafish, eggs of Pseuodocapillaria tomentosa, and spores of Pseudoloma neurophilia. Each mycobacterial isolate showed relatively minimal reduction in survival after freezing and thawing, particularly when subjected to cryopreservation. E. ictaluri also showed survival after cryopreservation, but exhibited a several log reduction after freezing at -80°C without cryopreservant. With P. neurophilia, two separate experiments conducted 3 years apart yielded very similar results, showing some, but reduced, survival of spores by using three different viability assays: SYTOX stain, Fungi-Fluor stain, and presence of a spore vacuole. Eggs of P. tomentosa showed no survival based on larvation of eggs when subjected to either freezing method. Given that four of the five pathogens exhibited survival after cryopreservation, we recommend that sperm samples or donor male zebrafish fish be tested for pathogens when sperm are to be stored by using cryopreservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Norris
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Virginia Watral
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Michael L Kent
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
- 2 Department of Biomedical Science, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gismondi E, Fivet A, Joaquim-Justo C. Effects of cyproterone acetate and vertically transmitted microsporidia parasite on Gammarus pulex sperm production. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:23417-23421. [PMID: 28905182 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs) and parasitism can both interfere with the reproduction process of organisms. The amphipod Gammarus pulex is the host of the vertically transmitted microsporidia Dictyocoela duebenum, and this work was devoted to the investigation of the effect of an exposure to the anti-androgen compound, cyproterone acetate (CPA), and/or of the presence of D. duebenum on the spermatozoa production and length. Significant reduction of the spermatozoa production was observed when G. pulex males were uninfected and exposed to CPA. There also appeared a lower number of spermatozoa when D. duebenum infects G. pulex, whatever the exposure condition. Moreover, we highlighted that CPA has no effect on spermatozoa production when males are infected by D. duebenum, and no treatment has impacted the spermatozoa length. Our results suggest CPA and D. duebenum could impact the endocrine system of G. pulex and especially processes close to the spermatozoa production (e.g., androgenic gland, androgen gland hormone released, gonad-inhibiting hormone synthesized by X-organ). However, as no mechanism of action was highlighted, further testing need to be performed to improve the understanding of their impacts. Finally, results confirm that vertically transmitted microsporidia could be a confounding factor in the endocrine disruption assessments in Gammaridae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gismondi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE) - Freshwater and OceaniC sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Chemistry Institute, University of Liège, Bât. B6C, 11 allée du 6 Août, B-4000, Sart-Tilman, Belgium.
| | - Adeline Fivet
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE) - Freshwater and OceaniC sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Chemistry Institute, University of Liège, Bât. B6C, 11 allée du 6 Août, B-4000, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - Célia Joaquim-Justo
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE) - Freshwater and OceaniC sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Chemistry Institute, University of Liège, Bât. B6C, 11 allée du 6 Août, B-4000, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang JX, Shi YC. [Impact of Mycoplasma and Chlamydia infections on male reproduction]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2017; 23:183-188. [PMID: 29658260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infertility can be attributed to reproductive tract infections (RTI), most commonly nongonococcal urethritis, mainly including Mycoplasma and Chlamydia infections, which may directly or indirectly damage spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells. In addition, a series of immune responses caused by such infections are also associated with male infertility. Methods for the clinical detection of these microbial infections are being constantly improved for more specific and precise control over the impact of Mycoplasma and Chlamydia infections on male fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiong Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, China
| | - Yi-Chao Shi
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pinart E, Domènech E, Bussalleu E, Yeste M, Bonet S. A comparative study of the effects of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens upon boar semen preserved in liquid storage. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 177:65-78. [PMID: 27988080 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study compares the sperm quality of boar seminal doses artificially inoculated with Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and maintained in liquid storage at 15°C for a 9-day period. Seminal doses from 10 sexually mature Piétrain boars were diluted in a Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS)-based extender and infected either with E. coli or C. perfringens, with bacterial loads ranging from 101 to 107cfumL-1. During storage, the changes in sperm quality were determined by assessing pH, sperm viability, sperm motiliy, sperm morphology, sperm agglutination degree, and sperm-bacteria interaction. The infection of seminal doses led to an alkalinization of the medium, which was of higher extend in doses infected with C. perfringens. The effect of contamination on sperm viability and motility relied on bacterial type and load. Therefore, while E. coli was more harmful than C. perfringens in bacterial loads ranging from 101 to 106cfumL-1, the detrimental impact of C. perfringens was more apparent than that of E. coli at a bacterial load of 107cfumL-1. Despite sperm morphology not being affected by either bacterial type or load, sperm agglutination and sperm-bacteria interaction were characteristic of doses infected with E. coli, and increased concomintantly with bacterial load and along storage period. In conclusion, the effects of infection by E. coli on sperm quality were dependent of both bacterial load and storage period, whereas the effects of C. perfringens were mainly dependent on the bacterial load, with a threshold at 107cfumL-1 from which the sperm quality of seminal doses was greatly impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Pinart
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Esther Domènech
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Eva Bussalleu
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Bonet
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morales-Ueno K, Paniagua-Chávez CG, Vasquez-Yeomans R, Cáceres-Martinez JA, del Rio-Portilla MA. BACTERIA IN CRYOPRESERVED SPERM MASS OF THE WHITE SHRIMP Penaeus vannamei. Cryo Letters 2015; 36:372-378. [PMID: 26963883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation and global trading of P. vannamei sperm will become a potential and important biotechnological tool. Nevertheless, information of the possible transfer of bacteria in cryopreserved shrimp sperm has not been registered yet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to determine the type of bacteria that could be cryopreserved together with white shrimp sperm masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen sperm masses were cryopreserved in 10% DMSO and 0.5 M trehalose and sixteen fresh sperm masses were used for bacterial analysis. Bacterial colonies were isolated and selected for sequencing. RESULTS Strains were seawater borne and facultative aerobic bacteria from the genera Bacillus, Micrococcus, Paracoccus, Ruegeria and Staphylococcus. Most of them have been related with benefits to its host. None were pathogenic for P. vannamei. CONCLUSION Cryopreservation implies preserving pathogenic or beneficial bacteria together with the sample. Therefore, it is possible to enhance cryopreserved samples or disperse pathogenic bacteria, which needs to be prevented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Morales-Ueno
- Aquaculture Department, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico
| | | | - Rebeca Vasquez-Yeomans
- Insitituto de Sanidad Acuicola, Calle de la marina S/N esquina caracoles, Fraccionamiento Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Cáceres-Martinez
- Aquaculture Department, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Miguel A del Rio-Portilla
- Aquaculture Department, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oplinger RW, Wagner EJ, Cavender W. Use of Penicillin and Streptomycin to Reduce Spread of Bacterial Coldwater Disease II: Efficacy of Using Antibiotics in Diluents and During Water Hardening. J Aquat Anim Health 2015; 27:32-37. [PMID: 25581260 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2014.945049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial coldwater disease, caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum, has lead to the loss of significant numbers of hatchery-reared salmonids. The bacteria can be spread from parent to progeny within contaminated sperm and ovarian fluid and can enter the egg during fertilization. The addition of antibiotics to diluents and water-hardening solutions could prevent the spread of the disease. In separate trials, a mixture of 0.197 mg/mL penicillin plus 0.313 mg/mL streptomycin was added to both a 0.5% sodium chloride fertilization diluent and hatchery well water during hardening. Tests showed that the addition of the antibiotics to the diluent and during up to 60 min of water hardening had no effect on the eye-up, hatch and deformity rates of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs compared with the nonantibiotic-treated controls. Also, significant reductions in the prevalence of F. psychrophilum on the surface and inside eggs were observed when compared with controls. These results indicate that the addition of penicillin and streptomycin to diluents and during water hardening can prevent the vertical transmission of bacterial coldwater disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randall W Oplinger
- a Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Fisheries Experiment Station, 1465 West 200 North , Logan , Utah 84321 , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Oplinger RW, Wagner EJ. Use of penicillin and streptomycin to reduce spread of bacterial coldwater disease I: antibiotics in sperm extenders. J Aquat Anim Health 2015; 27:25-31. [PMID: 25581335 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2014.966211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial coldwater disease caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum has led to the loss of significant numbers of hatchery-reared salmonids. The bacteria can be spread from parent to progeny within contaminated sperm and ovarian fluid. Methods for disinfecting ovarian fluid and unfertilized eggs are available, but methods for disinfecting sperm have not been described. In this study we determined whether sperm extenders containing a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin can be used to eliminate F. psychrophilum. In vitro trials demonstrated that when Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss sperm is mixed with an extender, a 15-min exposure to 0.197 mg penicillin plus 0.313 mg/mL streptomycin is effective at killing the bacteria and has no effect on sperm motility. Small-scale trials showed that egg fertilization rates were not reduced when sperm held in an extender solution containing the same antibiotic mixture for 15 min was used to fertilize eggs. Production-scale trials, however, showed a roughly 18% decrease in egg fertilization rate when sperm stored in an antibiotic containing extender was used. To determine why a reduction in fertilization capacity was observed, a small-scale experiment testing the fertilization of eggs with larger quantities of sperm was performed and showed that increasing the volume of sperm used did not increase fertilization rates. Our results demonstrate that extenders containing penicillin and streptomycin can be used to disinfect sperm, especially when small quantities of eggs are fertilized, but factors negatively affecting egg fertilization and survival on a production scale still need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randall W Oplinger
- a Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Fisheries Experiment Station, 1465 West 200 North , Logan , Utah 84332 , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Naboka IL, Kogan MI, Gudima IA, Ibishev KS, Pasechnik DG, Logvinov AK, Ilmdarov SB. [Microbiota of lower urine tract and genital organs of healthy men and in infertility]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2015:65-71. [PMID: 25842955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Study microflora of urine, ejaculate, urethra scrape in normal state and infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2 groups of men were examined: I (28)--control, conditionally healthy men (20 - 25 years of age), II (26)--infertile patients (25 - 35 years of age). Middle portion of morning urine, ejaculate, urethra scrape were studied in group I, in II--ejaculate. Bacteriologic study of urine and ejaculate was carried out in an extended kit of nutrient media (HiMedia) for facultative- anaerobic (FAB) and non-clostridia anaerobic bacteria (NAB). Urethra scrape and ejaculate were studied by PCR in group I. RESULTS In urethra scrape and ejaculate a wide spectrum of FAB and NAB was detected in group I. Corynebacterium spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci (67.9% each) were the dominant cluster of FAB. Eubacterium spp.--in NAB. Bacteriologic study of ejaculate corresponded in PCR with similar results of dominating bacteria. Among FAB the same clusters dominated during bacteriologic study of ejaculate from group II patients, among NAB--Propionibacterium spp., Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp. Quantitative characteristics of ejaculate of group I and II differed insignificantly. CONCLUSION The frequency of detection of certain genera of FAB and NAB was significantly higher in patients with infertility than in conditionally healthy men, however quantitative parameters of the isolated microorganisms practically did not differ between groups.
Collapse
|
16
|
Boĭko OV, Akhmineeva AK, Gudinskaia NI, Boĭko VI, Kozak DM. [Age changes of immunological, morphological and biochemical indices of male reproductive system]. Adv Gerontol 2014; 27:50-53. [PMID: 25051758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The article analyzes the dependence of bactericidal activity of sperm--natural resistance factors controlling the survival of bacteria in the urogenital tract, on the age of men. These data are compared with the results of the standard (on the recommendations of the WHO) spermogram, reflecting reproductive health. Due to the fact that one of the main etiological agents of infectious disease groups in the male reproductive system in adulthood are Staphylococcus spp., we consider the level of bactericidal activity of sperm in resident and transient carriage of S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Barbonetti A, Vassallo MRC, Cinque B, Filipponi S, Mastromarino P, Cifone MG, Francavilla S, Francavilla F. Soluble products of Escherichia coli induce mitochondrial dysfunction-related sperm membrane lipid peroxidation which is prevented by lactobacilli. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83136. [PMID: 24358256 PMCID: PMC3865092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unidentified soluble factors secreted by E. coli, a frequently isolated microorganism in genitourinary infections, have been reported to inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), motility and vitality of human spermatozoa. Here we explore the mechanisms involved in the adverse impact of E. coli on sperm motility, focusing mainly on sperm mitochondrial function and possible membrane damage induced by mitochondrial-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, as lactobacilli, which dominate the vaginal ecosystem of healthy women, have been shown to exert anti-oxidant protective effects on spermatozoa, we also evaluated whether soluble products from these microorganisms could protect spermatozoa against the effects of E. coli. We assessed motility (by computer-aided semen analysis), ΔΨm (with JC-1 dye by flow cytometry), mitochondrial ROS generation (with MitoSOX red dye by flow cytometry) and membrane lipid-peroxidation (with the fluorophore BODIPY C11 by flow cytometry) of sperm suspensions exposed to E. coli in the presence and in the absence of a combination of 3 selected strains of lactobacilli (L. brevis, L. salivarius, L. plantarum). A Transwell system was used to avoid direct contact between spermatozoa and microorganisms. Soluble products of E. coli induced ΔΨm loss, mitochondrial generation of ROS and membrane lipid-peroxidation, resulting in motility loss. Soluble factors of lactobacilli prevented membrane lipid-peroxidation of E. coli-exposed spermatozoa, thus preserving their motility. In conclusion, sperm motility loss by soluble products of E. coli reflects a mitochondrial dysfunction-related membrane lipid-peroxidation. Lactobacilli could protect spermatozoa in the presence of vaginal disorders, by preventing ROS-induced membrane damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arcangelo Barbonetti
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- San Raffaele Sulmona Institute, Sulmona, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Cinque
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Filipponi
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandro Francavilla
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Felice Francavilla
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Beckmann JF, Fallon AM. Detection of the Wolbachia protein WPIP0282 in mosquito spermathecae: implications for cytoplasmic incompatibility. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 43:867-78. [PMID: 23856508 PMCID: PMC3839623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is a conditional sterility induced by the bacterium Wolbachia pipientis that infects reproductive tissues in many arthropods. Although CI provides a potential tool to control insect vectors of arthropod-borne diseases, the molecular basis for CI induction is unknown. We hypothesized that a Wolbachia-encoded, CI-inducing factor would be enriched in sperm recovered from spermathecae of female mosquitoes. Using SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry, we detected peptides from the 56 kDa hypothetical protein, encoded by wPip_0282, associated with sperm transferred to females by Wolbachia infected males. We also detected peptides from the same protein in Wolbachia infected ovaries. Homologs of wPip_0282 and the co-transcribed downstream gene, wPip_0283, occur as multiple divergent copies in genomes of CI-inducing strains of Wolbachia. The operon is located in a genomic context that includes mobile genetic elements. The absence of wPip_0282 and wPip_0283 homologs from genomes of Wolbachia in filarial nematodes, as well as other members of the Rickettsiales, suggests a role as a candidate CI effector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Beckmann
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rakovskaia IV, Gorina LG, Balabanov DN, Levina GA, Barkhatova OI, Goncharova SA, Gamova NA. [Generalized mycoplasma infection in patients and carriers]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2013:37-43. [PMID: 23805671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Study of possibility of generalization of mycoplasma infection in patients with urogenital pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Among the examined patients 5 males characterized by risky sexual behavior with pronounced symptoms of infection or without those were selected. Patients were examined by a complex of methods for the presence of mycoplasma infection by culture, PCR, DFA, PHA, AHR and by detection of specific immune complexes in blood sera. Scrapes from urogenital tract, blood sera samples, urine, saliva, prostatic fluid were materials for the study. RESULTS In blood of all patients in ELISA antibodies against Mycoplasma hominis were detected; in PHA they were detected only in 2 individuals. In all the patients in blood CIC were detected including antigens and DNA of one or several mycoplasma species. Sperm of 3 individuals was infected by Ureaplasma spp., 2--M. genitalium. In saliva of 2 individuals M. hominis was detected, 3--U. urealyticum. CONCLUSION In all the examined patients the infection was shown to have generalized character. This phenomenon presents itself as quite significant because mycoplasma may cause anti-apoptotic and oncogenic effect.
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Durglishvili G, Galdava G. Influence of epididymitis on reproductive function. Georgian Med News 2013:32-35. [PMID: 23482360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In our study 54 patients were diagnosed epididymitis caused by STI and in 6 (11.1%) cases inflammatory process spread on seminal vesicles which negatively affected the state of male reproductive function. After having unilateral epididymitis pathospermia developed in 76% of cases and infertility - in 55.6%. In patients who had unilateral acute epididymitis, infertility caused by urethritis of chlamidial aetiology developed in 70.4% of cases, infertility caused by urethritis of mycoplasmatic (ureaplasma) genesis - in 62.9% of cases and infertility caused by gonorrheal urethritis - in 29.6% of cases. At this moment following alterations of ejaculate are revealed: volume reduction, decrease in spermatozoid number, reduction of ability to move, increase in teratomatous forms, spermagglutination, etc. The best way for prevention of pathospermia and infertility is using modern and adequate treatment methods directed to maximally effective suppression of acute inflammatory process in epididymis and then restoration of its functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Durglishvili
- Andrology Department of Research National Centre of Dermatologic and Sexually Transmitted Disorders, Ltd; Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Medical Faculty, Department of Dermatovenereology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang ZH, Zhang HG, Dong Y, Han RR, Dai RL, Liu RZ. Ureaplasma urealyticum in male infertility in Jilin Province, North-east China, and its relationship with sperm morphology. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:33-40. [PMID: 21672305 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection and raised seminal leucocyte levels on sperm morphology in 967 infertile males and 201 fertile healthy volunteers. U. urealyticum infection led to a significant decrease in the percentage of morphologically normal sperm in infertile males. There was a clear correlation between U. urealyticum infection, raised seminal leucocytes and abnormal sperm morphology. The percentage of morphologically normal sperm was significantly lower in U. urealyticum-positive than U. urealyticum-negative infertile males or fertile controls. The percentage of morphologically normal sperm was lowest in U. urealyticum-positive males with raised seminal leucocytes. Previous studies have found raised seminal leucocyte levels to be associated with reactive oxygen species. The authors suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the effects of U. urealyticum on sperm morphology. In conclusion, U. urealyticum infection can negatively affect sperm morphology and this study provided two possible mechanistic explanations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z-H Zhang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gallegos-Avila G, Alvarez-Cuevas S, Niderhauser-García A, Ancer-Rodríguez J, Jaramillo-Rangel G, Ortega-Martínez M. Phagocytosis of spermatozoa and leucocytes by epithelial cells of the genital tract in infertile men infected with Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasmas. Histopathology 2009; 55:232-4. [PMID: 19694831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Bhushan S, Schuppe HC, Tchatalbachev S, Fijak M, Weidner W, Chakraborty T, Meinhardt A. Testicular innate immune defense against bacteria. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 306:37-44. [PMID: 19010387 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infection and inflammation are relevant entities of male factor infertility. Bacterial infections are mostly the consequence of an ascending infection of the genito-urinary tract which can ultimately lead to epididymo-orchitis. Bacterial toxins and the innate immune responses directed against them may have a significant impact on male reproductive function. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute the major family of pattern recognition receptors that play a pivotal role in innate immunity. In the testis, TLRs are not only found in immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, but also in testicular somatic cells and to a lesser extent in germ cells. In this review we describe relevant bacterial pathogens found in testicular and male reproductive tract infection, new data on the localisation and potential functions of TLRs, recognition and response to bacteria with a special emphasis on uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mechanisms by which uropathogenic E. coli subvert innate immune responses in the testis are discussed using information derived from animal model studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
La Vignera S, Calogero AE, Condorelli R, Lanzafame F, Giammusso B, Vicari E. Andrological characterization of the patient with diabetes mellitus. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2009; 34:1-9. [PMID: 19209124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM In the management of the chronic complications caused by diabetes mellitus, an important role is played to andrological problematics, which require a specialistic evaluation combined in order to concretely contribute to the improvement of quality of life of such patients. The erectile disfunction in the diabetic patient notoriously correlates with the main cardiometabolics risk factors, and recently it has been pointed out how after chronic use of inhibitors of the phospodiesterase-enzyme-5 (PDE5-I) it is possible to improve the vascular response profile, evaluated through ecolor doppler (ECD) penile dynamic. The incidence of the vascular extra-genital pathology in the patients with ED of organic arterial type has also been observed, underlining in particular the correlation with a low value of the systolic peak at penile level. Little attention has been paid to other andrologic pathologies that preliminary clinic evidences or less followed research points have individuated as real emerging problems; among them there are: 1) the hypogonadism in adult age (late onset hypogonadism); 2) the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) correlated to the condition of prostatic hypertrophy; 3) the infections of the male genito-urinary tract with different characterization for imaging respect to the not diabetic population; 4) different sexual disorders; 5) implications over the male reproductive sphere. METHODS Retrospective analysis of the clinic, laboratory (spermatic, microbiologic and hormonal), ultrasonography integrated data, led on a diabetic population examined during the last 3 years; finalized at the estimation of the distribution of the andrological pathology characterizing such population, with the comparison of the data on the basis of years of duration disease, grade of glicometabolic compensation and levels of total testosterone. RESULTS ED was present in 16.36% of the examined population; 50% showed vascular arterial form; hypogonadism was present in 10% of the population. A very high prevalence of subfertility was observed 51.82%. The ultrasonographic characterization of the didimo-epididimary and prostatic-vesicular regions showed reduced testicular volume the 16.36% of cases, increase of the prostatic glandular volume in 45.45% of cases, altered thickness of the seminal vesicles in the 24.45% of cases. The microbiologic characterization evidences the contemporary positivity of the 3 prechosen indicators (spermiocolture, urinocolture, leukocytospermia) in 34.55% of patients. CONCLUSIONS The study has contributed to enrich the data relative to the heterogeneity of the clinic-andrological presentation of the diabetic patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S La Vignera
- Endocrinology Section, Andrology and Internal Medicine, Biomedical Science Department, Garibaldi Hospital (Centre), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mikhaĭlichenko VV, Esipov AS, Fesenko VN. [Parameters of a reproductive function in males with a history of genital chlamydial infection]. Urologiia 2008:49-52. [PMID: 18572771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We examined 243 males using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), seeding, spermogram, morphological examination of spermatozoa, electrospermography, enzyme immunoassay (antibodis to chlamydia in blood serum and seminal plasma, blood hormones). Statistics were obtained with parametric and nonparametric methods. A total of 148 patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 57) consisted of males who had previously had chlamydiasis. Their blood serum and/or seminal plasma contained antichlamydial IgA or IgG. Neither seeding nor PCR detected genital infections. Group 2 consisted of 18 patients infected with C. trachomatis. Control patients (n = 73) had no genital infections, chlamydial antibodies were not detected. Normozoospermia was diagnosed in 28% males with chlamydial infection history, 11% patients infected with chlamydia and 23% controls. Asthenozoospermia was detected in 69, 89 and 73% patients, respectively. Among chlamydial infection convalescents were patients with obstructive azoospermia (2%) which was not found in infected and healthy males.
Collapse
|
27
|
Dietz JP, Sertich PL, Boston RC, Benson CE. Comparison of ticarcillin and piperacillin in Kenney's semen extender. Theriogenology 2007; 68:848-52. [PMID: 17706757 PMCID: PMC2128061 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ticarcillin and piperacillin were compared to determine their effect on sperm motility and bacterial growth of equine semen samples diluted in Kenney's glucose skim milk semen extender. Each ejaculate (n=11) was divided into three portions and glucose skim milk semen extender solution was added. The control semen extender solution contained extended semen and no antibiotic, whereas ticarcillin and piperacillin solutions contained extended semen plus 1.0mg/mL of ticarcillin or piperacillin, respectively. An aliquot was removed (1h after collection) to evaluate sperm motility and microbial concentration. All three solutions were stored at 4 degrees C and aliquots were obtained at 24 and 48 h to determine sperm motility and microbial concentration. Mean percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm did not differ significantly among control and antibiotic-containing solutions after storage. Control-extended semen samples from ejaculates of stallions (n=11) were contaminated with aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In solutions that contained either antibiotic, growth of these microbes was inhibited after 1, 24, and 48 h at 4 degrees C. Semen samples from stallions (n=5) were extended with Kenney's glucose skim milk extender containing no antibiotic, ticarcillin or piperacillin and then inoculated with approximately 5 x 10(2)CFU/mL Klebsiella pneumoniae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa; there was no significant difference between antibiotics in the inhibition of microbial growth. In conclusion, piperacillin was an appropriate alternative to ticarcillin in extenders for equine semen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Dietz
- Department of Clinical Studies, Section of Reproduction, 382 West Street Road, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fraczek M, Szumala-Kakol A, Jedrzejczak P, Kamieniczna M, Kurpisz M. Bacteria trigger oxygen radical release and sperm lipid peroxidation in in vitro model of semen inflammation. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:1076-85. [PMID: 17383646 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the in vitro effect of five bacterial strains isolated from semen samples (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus oralis, Bacteroides ureolyticus, and Ureaplasma urealyticum) on reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) release and lipid sperm membrane peroxidation in the coincubated suspensions of white blood cells (WBC) with spermatozoa. DESIGN An in vitro model of semen infection. SETTING Basic research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Healthy normozoospermic volunteers and healthy blood donors. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Chemiluminescent assay was used to evaluate ROI generation by WBC. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was determined in sperm lysates using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULT(S) Of the bacterial strains tested, B. ureolyticus, S. haemolyticus, and E. coli caused the greatest damage to sperm membrane lipids. An increase in MDA levels in sperm lysates was a natural consequence of bacteria-induced ROI generation. The WBC usually enhanced harmful activity of the infectious agent toward the cell membranes. CONCLUSION(S) The harmful effect of bacteria on spermatozoa depends on the type and species of microorganisms invading, colonizing, or infecting the male genital tract and is associated with the accompanying oxidative stress. The presence of leukocytes in semen appears to be the additional factor enhancing the sperm lipid membrane peroxidation, which may affect the fertility status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fraczek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Riparbelli MG, Giordano R, Callaini G. Effects of Wolbachia on sperm maturation and architecture in Drosophila simulans Riverside. Mech Dev 2007; 124:699-714. [PMID: 17693061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wolbachia is an intracellular obligate symbiont, that is relatively common in insects and also found in some nematodes. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most commonly expressed form, of several sex altering phenotypes caused by this rickettsial-like bacterium. CI is induced when infected males mate with uninfected females, and is likely the result of bacterial-induced modification of sperm grown in a Wolbachia-infected environment. Several studies have explored the dynamics of Wolbachia bacteria during sperm development in Drosophila. This study confirms and extends these earlier investigations of Wolbachia's distribution and proliferation in male germ cell lines. We examined Wolbachia population dynamics during testis development of Drosophila simulans (Riverside) by studying their distribution during the early mitotic divisions of secondary spermatogonial and subsequent meiotic cyst cells. Wolbachia are found in lower concentration in spermatogonial than in spermatocyte cells. Cytoplasmically incompatible crosses result in low levels of viable embryos despite the occurrence of fairly high levels of uninfected cysts. During meiotic divisions Wolbachia organize themselves at the poles during prophase and telophase but arrange themselves in equatorial bands during metaphase and anaphase. Moreover, during meiosis Wolbachia are asymmetrically divided between some daughter cells. There is no strong relationship between the fusome and Wolbachia and we have not found evidence that bacteria cross the ring canals. Wolbachia were observed at the distal and proximal sides of individualization complexes. Multiple altered sperm structures were observed during the process of individualization of infected sperm.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bielanski A. Disinfection procedures for controlling microorganisms in the semen and embryos of humans and farm animals. Theriogenology 2007; 68:1-22. [PMID: 17512578 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Semen and embryos generated by assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) may be contaminated with numerous microorganisms. Contamination may arise from systemic or local reproductive tract infections in donors or the inadvertent introduction of microorganisms during ARTs, and may lead to disease transmission. This review describes sanitary procedures which have been investigated to ascertain whether they are effective in rendering semen and embryos free of pathogenic microorganisms, including internationally adopted washing procedures, which can be supplemented by antibiotics and enzymatic treatments. Other methods include treatment with antibodies or ozone, photoinactivation, acidification, and the use of novel antiviral compounds. In conclusion, despite the wide range of antimicrobial procedures available, none can be recommended as a universal disinfection method for rendering semen and embryos free from all potentially pathogenic microorganisms. However, some procedures are unsuitable, as they can compromise the viability of semen or embryos. In humans, washing by the gradient centrifugation method appears to be effective for reducing the microbial population in semen and is harmless to the spermatozoa. A useful procedure for embryos involving multiple washes in sterile medium has much to commend it for the prevention of disease transmission; furthermore, it is recommended by the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bielanski
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Germplasm Centre of Expertise, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bezold G, Politch JA, Kiviat NB, Kuypers JM, Wolff H, Anderson DJ. Prevalence of sexually transmissible pathogens in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia. Fertil Steril 2007; 87:1087-97. [PMID: 17433312 PMCID: PMC2697906 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of pathogens that cause sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia (LCS), and associations between STIs, inflammatory markers, and other semen variables. DESIGN Retrospective, controlled study. SETTING Academic Medical Center. PATIENT(S) Two hundred and forty-one male infertility patients undergoing routine semen analysis: 132 with LCS, and 109 without LCS. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The DNA from STI pathogens (human papillomavirus [HPV], cytomegalovirus [CMV], herpes simplex virus [HSV], human herpesvirus type 6 [HHV-6], Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], hepatitis B virus [HBV], and Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]), routine semen parameters, and markers of accessory gland and epididymal function and inflammation. RESULT(S) The DNA from STI pathogens was detected in 45/241 (18.7%) of the samples (CMV, 8.7%; HPV, 4.5%; HHV-6, 3.7%; HSV, 3.7%; CT, 2.5%; EBV, 0.4%; and HBV, 0%), with no difference in prevalence between the LCS and non-LCS groups. The DNA of STI pathogens in semen was associated with a decrease in sperm concentration, motile sperm concentration, total sperm count, and neutral alpha-glucosidase concentration, whereas LCS was associated with a decrease in total sperm count, percent normal forms, and fructose concentration. CONCLUSION(S) The DNA of STI pathogens was detected in semen from a high percentage of asymptomatic male infertility patients, and was associated with poor semen quality. Efforts to diagnose and treat subclinical genital-tract infections should be intensified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guntram Bezold
- Fearing Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Magri V, Trinchieri A, Pozzi G, Restelli A, Garlaschi MC, Torresani E, Zirpoli P, Marras E, Perletti G. Efficacy of repeated cycles of combination therapy for the eradication of infecting organisms in chronic bacterial prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29:549-56. [PMID: 17336504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A total of 137 patients with a diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) were subjected to combination pharmacological therapy with antibacterial agents (ciprofloxacin/azithromycin), alpha-blockers (alfuzosin) and Serenoa repens extracts. Of those, 88 patients (64.2%) showed microbiological eradication at the completion of a 6-week cycle of therapy. Of the remaining 49 patients showing persistence of the causative organism(s) or reinfection at the end of treatment, 36 completed a second cycle of combination therapy for 6 weeks: 27 patients (75%) showed eradication of the causative organism, whereas in nine cases persistence or reinfection was observed. The cumulative eradication rate of the present study - calculated on a total of 137 enrolled patients - is 83.9%. Clinical examination showed a marked improvement of signs and symptoms linked to prostatitis. Remarkably, combination therapy could attenuate CBP symptoms prior to microbiological eradication, thus rapidly decreasing the impact of the disease on the quality of life of patients. Clinical remission was extended throughout a follow-up period of 30 months for 94% of patients, whereas seven patients showed relapse of the disease. In summary, our results indicate that about 20% of patients enrolled in this study, who were refractory to a protocol of 6-week combination therapy, could be 'rescued' by a second cycle of treatment. Clinical follow-up data show that combination therapy could ensure extended relief from CBP symptoms, and a general improvement in quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Magri
- Urology and Sonography Outpatient Clinic, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Aurich C, Spergser J. Influence of bacteria and gentamicin on cooled-stored stallion spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2007; 67:912-8. [PMID: 17141306 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of bacteria from the genital tract of horses and the effect of gentamicin in semen extender on spermatozoal function in cooled-stored stallion semen. Semen was collected from healthy stallions and processed with a milk-based extender with or without gentamicin (1g/l). Pseudomonas (Ps.) aeruginosa, Staphylococcus (St.) aureus, Streptococcus (Sc.) equi subsp. equi (Sc. equi), Sc. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (Sc. zooepidemicus), Sc. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (Sc. equisimilis) or culture medium alone (control) were added. Immediately after addition of bacteria and after storage at 5 degrees C for 24, 48 and 72h, motility, velocity and membrane integrity of diluted semen were determined with a CASA system. After 24h, semen with Ps. aeruginosa and Sc. equisimilis showed significantly lower motility and velocity compared to all other groups; after 72h these differences still existed for Ps. aeruginosa (p<0.05). The percentage of membrane-intact spermatozoa was significantly lower after 24h of storage in spermatozoa incubated with Sc. equisimilis and after 72h with Sc. equisimilis and Ps. aeruginosa. Addition of gentamicin to extender resulted in decreased motility and velocity in semen without addition of bacteria and did not improve motility parameters in semen with bacteria added. In conclusion, certain bacteria may have detrimental effects on semen quality during cooled-storage. These effects are not reduced by addition of gentamicin. Gentamicin can negatively affect spermatozoal function in extended semen during cooled-storage and therefore, optimal concentrations have to be tested for the respective extender medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Aurich
- Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, University for Veterinary Sciences, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
AIM To study the influence of enterococci on human sperm membrane in vitro. METHODS Ejaculated human sperm were artificially infected with beta-hemolytic or non-beta-hemolytic enterococci at the bacteria: sperm ratio of 50:1 at 37 degrees . Sperm membrane integrity was examined after incubation for 1, 3 and 5 h by hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test and electron microscopy. RESULTS Sperm infected with beta-hemolytic enterococci had lower HOS scores compared with non-beta-hemolytic strains or uninfected control (P < 0.01). The HOS test scores of sperm infected with beta-hemolytic enterococci increased in the presence of phosphatidylcholine, an inhibitor of hemolysin. Non-beta-hemolytic strains showed no significant difference in swelling rate, compared with the control group (P > 0.05). It was shown by electron microscopy that beta-hemolytic enterococci caused significant rupture of human sperm membrane. CONCLUSION Beta-hemolytic enterococci caused human sperm membrane injury, and might be mediated by the hemolysin of enterococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology Etiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Garrido N, Remohí J, Pellicer A, Meseguer M. The effectiveness of modified sperm washes in severely oligoasthenozoospermic men infected with human immunodeficiency and hepatitis C viruses. Fertil Steril 2006; 86:1544-6. [PMID: 16996509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Men who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus now can father children safely, thanks to sperm washing and nested polymerase chain-reaction techniques, followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. However, in a small percentage of such patients, it is impossible to recover spermatozoa after said procedures because of their highly impaired spermatogenesis. We have established that less rigorous methods, such as repeated centrifugation, yield nested polymerase chain-reaction HIV- and hepatitis C virus-negative specimens, even in sperm samples from men with severe oligoasthenozoospermia.
Collapse
|
36
|
Motrich RD, Cuffini C, Oberti JPM, Maccioni M, Rivero VE. Chlamydia trachomatis occurrence and its impact on sperm quality in chronic prostatitis patients. J Infect 2006; 53:175-83. [PMID: 16376990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis and its impact on male fertility remain controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of chlamydial infection in chronic prostatitis patients and its impact on semen quality. METHODS Urine and semen samples were assayed for the presence of microbial infection. CT-specific IgG and IgA antibodies were measured in serum and seminal plasma. Semen parameter analysis, anti-sperm antibody determinations and inflammatory cytokines measurements were performed. RESULTS CT was detected in 10% of semen from chronic prostatitis patients. CT-specific IgG and IgA were found in 7.5% and 32.5% of the seminal plasma and in 15.0% and 2.5% of the serum samples from patients. Most of the patients that evidenced CT infection also evidenced CT-specific antibodies either in semen or in serum. We found that chlamydial infection has no detrimental effects on sperm quality. We neither found abnormal levels of serum PSA nor of seminal inflammatory cytokines in CT-infected patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the potential role of CT in chronic prostatitis, its importance in diagnosis and that this infection does not seriously compromise sperm quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Darío Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The maternally inherited bacterium Wolbachia pipientis imposes significant fitness costs on its hosts. One such cost is decreased sperm production resulting in reduced fertility of male Drosophila simulans infected with cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) inducing Wolbachia. We tested the hypothesis that Wolbachia infection affects sperm competitive ability and found that Wolbachia infection is indeed associated with reduced success in sperm competition in non-virgin males. In the second male role, infected males sired 71% of the offspring whereas uninfected males sired 82% of offspring. This is the first empirical evidence indicating that Wolbachia infection deleteriously affects sperm competition and raises the possibility that polyandrous females can utilize differential sperm competitive ability to bias the paternity of broods and avoid the selfish manipulations of Wolbachia. This suggests a relationship between Wolbachia infection and host reproductive strategies. These findings also have important consequences for Wolbachia population dynamics because the transmission advantage of Wolbachia is likely to be undermined by sperm competition.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lackner JE, Herwig R, Schmidbauer J, Schatzl G, Kratzik C, Marberger M. Correlation of leukocytospermia with clinical infection and the positive effect of antiinflammatory treatment on semen quality. Fertil Steril 2006; 86:601-5. [PMID: 16782098 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Revised: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between leukocytospermia, bacteriospermia, and clinical signs of infection and to evaluate antiinflammatory therapy. DESIGN Prospective nonrandomized study. SETTING Andrologic clinic at university hospital. PATIENT(S) A total of 56 patients were evaluated, and 12 of them received further treatment with a Cox-2 inhibitor. INTERVENTION(S) Semen analysis and clinical investigation were done according to World Health Organization guidelines. Serum levels of leukocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were measured from blood samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Sperm concentration, leukocyte concentration, serum leukocyte count, CRP, PSA, bacterial growth. RESULT(S) Leukocytospermia (>1 x 10(6)/mL) was present in 60.7% of the semen samples, significant pathogenic bacterial growth was detectable in 35.7%, and 14.3% of the samples fulfilled the criteria for ejaculate signs of infection. All serum parameters were within the normal range. In abacterial leukocytospermia, treatment with a Cox-2 inhibitor decreased leukocytospermia from 5.5 x 10(6)/mL to 1.0 x 10(6)/mL (P=.001) and increased sperm concentration from 22.5 x 10(6)/mL to 48.0 x 10(6)/mL (P=.02). CONCLUSION(S) There was no evidence of an immune response in the peripheral blood system. In abacterial leukocytospermia, treatment with a Cox-2 inhibitor seems to be able to reduce leukocytospermia and increase sperm count.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob E Lackner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rosemond A, Lanotte P, Watt S, Sauget AS, Guerif F, Royère D, Goudeau A, Mereghetti L. Existe-t-il un bénéfice au dépistage systématique de Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis et Ureaplasma urealyticum dans les prélèvements génito-urinaires réalisés au cours d'un bilan d'infertilité ? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:125-9. [PMID: 16298086 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a prospective study on 100 couples consulting for infertility at the teaching Hospital of Tours, with the scope to determine if there is a benefit for systematic screening of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum among genito-urinary specimen when exploring couples infertility. C. trachomatis was detected by PCR on sperm, endocervix and urine specimen. M. hominis and U. urealyticum were detected by culture on A7 agar medium and with minigaleries on sperm and endocervix specimen. Standard cultures were also performed on sperm, endocervix, vaginal and urine specimen. Only one specimen (sperm) was positive for C. trachomatis. Three percent of the specimen were positive for U. urealyticum (from which 2,5% of the sperm specimen). No specimen was positive for M. hominis. Our results show that screening of C. trachomatis, M. hominis and U. urealyticum is not systematically required for among check up of infertile couples, given the prevalence of chlamydiosis among the population studied. However, it would be interesting to perform it on a targeted population, according to anamnestic or clinical criteria. In addition, an important modification of vaginal flora was observed in 12% of cases, and 2 vaginosis were diagnosed; the putative consequences of this disequilibrium has to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rosemond
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vizzier-Thaxton Y, Cox NA, Richardson LJ, Buhr RJ, McDaniel CD, Cosby DE, Wilson JL, Bourassa DV, Ard MB. Apparent Attachment of Campylobacter and Salmonella to Broiler Breeder Rooster Spermatozoa. Poult Sci 2006; 85:619-24. [PMID: 16615345 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.4.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that horizontal and vertical transmission of Salmonella and Campylobacter can occur in broiler breeder flocks. The mechanism of this transmission is still unclear. Previously negative broiler breeder flocks have been reported to become positive with Salmonella, Campylobacter, or both after the introduction of "spike" roosters at 45 wk of age. To determine whether the rooster semen is a possible source of transmission to hens for colonization, we evaluated the association of both Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. to segments (head, midpiece, and tail) of individual spermatozoa after artificial inoculation. Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella heidelberg, and Salmonella montevideo, or Campylobacter jejuni (in 0.85% saline) was added to a freshly collected (by abdominal massage) aliquot of pooled semen from roosters housed in individual cages. The semen and bacteria solutions were incubated 1 h at room temperature. Samples were fixed using Karnosvsky and Zamboni fixatives for 24 h prior to centrifuging and rinsing in 0.1 M cacodylate x HCl buffer. Individual aliquot samples were then subjected to both scanning (JSM-5800) and transmission (JEM-1210) electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy showed that Salmonella was associated with all 3 segments (head, midpiece, and tail) of the spermatozoa and apparently equally distributed. Campylobacter was mainly associated with the midpiece and tail segments; few isolates were located on the head segment. The transmission electron microscopy showed apparent attachment of Salmonella and Campylobacter to the spermatozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Vizzier-Thaxton
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39759, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Díaz-García FJ, Herrera-Mendoza AP, Giono-Cerezo S, Guerra-Infante FM. Mycoplasma hominis attaches to and locates intracellularly in human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:1591-8. [PMID: 16549424 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of sperm-mycoplasma interaction has been focused on the effects of infection on sperm quality, but few studies have reported the direct interaction of this bacterium with spermatozoa. METHODS Selected populations of viable, motile and infection-free human spermatozoa from three healthy men were incubated with 15-480 multiplicity of infection (MOI) units of DiIC18-labelled Mycoplasma hominis. Cells were analyzed by means of confocal microscopy and by the eosin-Y dye exclusion test between 10 min and 24 h post-infection. RESULTS As early as 10 min post-infection, clusters of M. hominis were seen attached to the sperm head, midpiece or tail. Mycoplasma showed an approximately 2.5-4.5-fold higher interaction with sperm head or tail than with midpiece. Sequential sectioning of infected spermatozoa revealed the intracellular location of M. hominis within cytosolic spaces of head and midpiece regions. A minor proportion of infected spermatozoa showed bent or coiled tails, and/or midpiece thickening. Sperm viability was not altered by M. hominis infection. CONCLUSIONS These results provide specific and conclusive evidence of M. hominis attachment and invasiveness towards human sperm cells, which seems not to affect their viability, suggesting that a short-term M. hominis interaction with spermatozoa results in non-apparent or subtle damage, but might have implications for long-term male or couple's fertility.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ohri M, Prabha V. Isolation of a sperm-agglutinating factor from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a woman with unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 2006; 84:1539-41. [PMID: 16275266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2004] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spermatozoal agglutinating factor (SAF) that agglutinates human spermatozoa has been isolated from Staphylococcus aureus. By scanning electron microscopy, Staphylococcus aureus adherence was observed on sperm tails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manju Ohri
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
We have analyzed two infertile male cohorts with (n=39) and without genital tract infection (n=14) comparing their selected seminological parameters with healthy controls (n=30). Genital tract infection (GTI) has been defined by the presence of leukocytes and pathological bacterial strains identified with Bio-Merieux tests. We have found statistically significant deteriorated semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, morphology and vitality in ejaculated samples of patients with genital tract infection in comparison to healthy controls. Statistically significant negative influence towards sperm reproductive potential has been revealed in case of Escherichia coli, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Staphylococcus aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Sanocka-Maciejewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Strzeszyńska 32, 61-049 Poznań, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Satta A, Stivala A, Garozzo A, Morello A, Perdichizzi A, Vicari E, Salmeri M, Calogero AE. Experimental Chlamydia trachomatis infection causes apoptosis in human sperm. Hum Reprod 2005; 21:134-7. [PMID: 16126752 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for a widespread sexually transmitted infection. In men, it is associated with a wide clinical spectrum causing infertility. Furthermore, C. trachomatis serovar E infection decreases motility and increases the number of non-viable sperm. No other effects of C. trachomatis have been reported on sperm despite the crucial role of DNA integrity for sperm function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of C. trachomatis on sperm apoptosis. METHODS Sperm from eight normozoospermic men were incubated with increasing concentrations of C. trachomatis serovar E elementary bodies (EB) for 6 and 24 h. Sperm were then collected to evaluate phosphatidylserine (PS) membrane translocation and DNA fragmentation by Annexin V-propidium iodide staining, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS After 6 h of incubation, C. trachomatis had no effect on the percentage of sperm showing PS externalization. However, a significant effect on this parameter was observed after 24 h. C. trachomatis also significantly increased the number of sperm with DNA fragmentation both after 6 and 24 h of incubation. CONCLUSIONS C. trachomatis causes sperm PS externalization and DNA fragmentation. These effects may explain the negative direct impact of C. trachomatis infection on sperm fertilizing ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Satta
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine and Master in Andrological and Human Reproduction Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guercini F, Pajoncini C, Bard R, Fiorentino F, Bini V, Costantini E, Porena M. Echoguided drug infiltration in chronic prostatitis: results of a multi-centre study. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2005; 77:87-92. [PMID: 16146268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In chronic prostatitis there are many causes that may provoke a therapeutical failure of a systemic antibiotic treatment. At the moment a consensus has not been reached on the efficacy of the many therapeutical options that are available with not one of these approaches being efficacious in all patients. In our view the main causes of treatment failure are the well-known hurdle to antibiotic diffusion inside the glandular parenchyma associated with the so-called intraprostatic bacterial biofilms and the possible presence of local auto-immune reactions. Given this background, we tested ultrasound guided intraprostate infiltration of a cocktail of antibiotics and betamethasone, for a therapeutical options. MATERIAL AND METHODS 320 patients, referred to us because of symptoms indicative of chronic prostatitis, were enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria were the severity of the symptoms and the failure of repeated cycles of antibiotics in the previous 12 months. At the initial consultation patients completed the NIH Prostatitis Symptoms Index (NIH-CPSI). All underwent: a) digital rectal examination (DRE), b) transrectal prostatic ultrasound scan (TRUS), c) uroflowmetry, d) cultures of first voiding and after prostatic massage urine and cultures of sperm for saprophytic and pathogen germs, yeasts and protozoa, e) DNA amplification with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on urine and sperm, for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis), Gonococcus, HPV and HCV Patients on the basis of laboratory results received a cocktail of antibiotics associated with betamethasone. The cocktail was administered as prostate infiltration. Administration was repeated after 7 and 14 days. Final assessment of the efficacy of therapy included not only the NIH-CPSI scores but also the patient's subjective judgement expressed as a "percentage overall improvement". The percentage judgements were arbitrarily divided into 4 classes: 0-30% no improvement (Class I); 30-50% satisfactory improvement (Class II); 50-80% good improvement (Class III; 80-100% cured (Class IV). RESULTS Statistical analysis of the results showed 68% of patients were included in the Class IV and 13% were no responders (Class I). CONCLUSIONS In our opinion this is one of the more valid therapeutical approaches to chronic bacterial or abacterial prostatitis also if it requires more studies.
Collapse
|
46
|
Gilling-Smith C, Emiliani S, Almeida P, Liesnard C, Englert Y. Laboratory safety during assisted reproduction in patients with blood-borne viruses. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:1433-8. [PMID: 15817591 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For couples where one or both partners are infected with human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C, the doors to receiving fertility care are opening as a result of better antiviral medication, better long-term prognosis and consequent changes in attitude. In line with this, fertility centres electing to treat couples with blood-borne viral (BBV) infection need to re-examine their policies and procedures to ensure the safety of their staff and both non-infected and infected patients during assisted reproduction treatments. At a time when the European Tissue Directive aims to introduce quality standards for assisted reproduction throughout Europe, we highlight the risks involved when treating patients with known BBV infections and argue that safety cannot be met with any certainty unless samples from such patients are handled within a separate high security laboratory or laboratory area, technically adapted to ensure minimal cross-contamination risk to uninfected gametes and embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carole Gilling-Smith
- Assisted Conception Unit, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sylla L, Stradaioli G, Manuali E, Rota A, Zelli R, Vincenti L, Monaci M. The effect of Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides LC of bovine origin on in vitro fertilizing ability of bull spermatozoa and embryo development. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 85:81-93. [PMID: 15556311 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several Mycoplasma species may adversely affect bovine spermatozoa viability and embryo development. Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides large-colony (LC) has been isolated from naturally aborted bovine fetuses and from bull semen. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether M. mycoides ssp. mycoides LC contaminated bovine ejaculates could (i) impair in vitro fertilizing ability of bull spermatozoa, (ii) impair embryo development, and (iii) evaluate potential spread by reproductive technologies. In the present study, spermatozoa of 10 fertile bulls were contaminated with M. mycoides ssp. mycoides LC, at a final concentration of 1.5 million CFU/ml and incubated for 60 min before evaluating spermatozoa motility and acrosome reaction inducibility with calcium ionophore. In addition, in vitro contaminated semen of a bull previously shown to have a good in vitro fertilizing ability, was used in an IVF procedure. Embryo development stage on Day-7 of culture was evaluated. Spermatozoa and embryos at morula and blastocyst stages were routinely processed for transmission electron microscopy observation. Both mean total and progressive motility decreased (P < 0.01 ) upon spermatozoa incubation with Mycoplasma. One-hour incubation with calcium ionophore increased the percentage of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa, although Mycoplasma contamination reduced calcium ionophore treatment efficacy (P < 0.05). Ultrastructurally, Mycoplasma microorganisms appeared as moderately electron-dense sphere-shaped particles, adhering to cell membranes. Sperm mid-piece sections showed numeric aberrations of the central singlets such as nine + zero or nine + one of the axonemal complex. Further morphological abnormalities included partial or total absence of dinein arms and radial fibers, with lack of the bridge and the central ring in 35.00 +/- 4.20% of contaminated cells, whereas these abnormalities were not observed in uninfected ones. The IVF trials showed that two-four cell blocks were higher (P < 0.05) in the infected group. Ultrastructure of Day-7 contaminated embryos showed Mycoplasma particles adhering and infiltrating the outer layer of the zona pellucida. Our investigations suggest that M. mycoides ssp. mycoides LC contaminating the bovine ejaculate induced adverse effects on in vitro spermatozoa-fertilizing ability and embryonic development. Some satisfactory quality transferable embryos could be produced in contaminated IVF systems. This could imply a potential transmission of this microorganism through reproductive technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Sylla
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinics, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dudkina NV, Kiseleva EV. [Structural organization and distribution of the symbiotic bacteria Wolbachia during spermatogenesis of Drosophila simulans]. Ontogenez 2005; 36:41-50. [PMID: 15807436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy and morphometric analysis have shown that the symbiotic bacteria Wolbachia occur the testis cells during spermatogenesis and are absent in mature spermatids. Bacteria did not affect the structural organization of testis cells, which have a typical morphology during morphogenesis. Bacteria were distributed along the meiotic spindle microtubules near the mitochondria. They increased in number in spermatids at the stage of elongation. Endosymbionts aggregated at the spermatid distal end and contained many vacuoles but were absent at the spermatid proximal end near the nuclei. It was shown for the first time that the diameter of spermatids in a strongly infected line was two of three times that in a noninfected line. We hypothesize that the increase in the number of endosymbionts during spermatid elongation can affect the chromatin condensation in the spermatozoon.
Collapse
|
49
|
Buchacz P, Gajda T, Pozowski J, Mazurkiewicz L, Jurecka A. [Infections of the male urogenital tract and the problem of infertility in the couple]. Wiad Lek 2004; 57 Suppl 1:29-33. [PMID: 15884200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The retrospective analysis of group of 164 men from sterile couples was made. Authors compared spermiograms with bacteriological investigations' results (sperm bacteriology and blots from urethra for present of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma). The statistical signification of coincidence of leucospermia and one-species bacterial infection and dependence between leucospermia and pathological spermiogram were found. The positive results of sperm bacteriological investigations were found in normospermic patients too.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Buchacz
- Z Katedry i Oddziału Klinicznego Ginekologii i Połoznictwa w Tychach
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Wolbachia pipientis is an obligate bacterial endosymbiont, which has successfully invaded approximately 20% of all insect species by manipulating their normal developmental patterns. Wolbachia-induced phenotypes include parthenogenesis, male killing, and, most notably, cytoplasmic incompatibility. In the future these phenotypes might be useful in controlling or modifying insect populations but this will depend on our understanding of the basic molecular processes underlying insect fertilization and development. Wolbachia-infected Drosophila simulans express high levels of cytoplasmic incompatibility in which the sperm nucleus is modified and does not form a normal male pronucleus when fertilizing eggs from uninfected females. The sperm modification is somehow rescued in eggs infected with the same strain of Wolbachia. Thus, D. simulans has become an excellent model organism for investigating the manner in which endosymbionts can alter reproductive programs in insect hosts. This paper reviews the current knowledge of Drosophila early development and particularly sperm function. Developmental mutations in Drosophila that are known to affect sperm function will also be discussed.incompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet L Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwyneed, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|