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Nenoff P, Reinel D, Mayser P, Abeck D, Bezold G, Bosshard PP, Brasch J, Daeschlein G, Effendy I, Ginter-Hanselmayer G, Gräser Y, Hamm G, Hengge U, Hipler UC, Höger P, Kargl A, Kolb-Mäurer A, Krüger C, Malisiewicz B, Mayer J, Ott H, Paasch U, Schaller M, Uhrlaß S, Zidane M. S1-Leitlinie Onychomykose. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:678-694. [PMID: 37338845 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14988_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Nenoff
- Labopart - Medizinische Laboratorien, Labor Leipzig-Mölbis, Rötha OT Mölbis, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Dietrich Abeck
- Hautzentrum Nymphenburg [Nymphenburg Skin Center], München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Philipp P Bosshard
- Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Jochen Brasch
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | | | - Isaak Effendy
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum OWL, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Gräser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsimmunologie, Nationales Konsiliarlabor für Dermatophyten, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Hamm
- Hautarztpraxis Dr. med. Gudrun Hamm, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | | | | | - Peter Höger
- Abteilung Pädiatrische Dermatologie und Allergologie, Kath. Kinderkrankenhaus Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Annette Kolb-Mäurer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - Constanze Krüger
- Labopart - Medizinische Laboratorien, Labor Leipzig-Mölbis, Rötha OT Mölbis, Deutschland
| | - Bartosz Malisiewicz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | | | - Hagen Ott
- Abteilung für pädiatrische Dermatologie und Allergologie, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus auf der Bult, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Uwe Paasch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Martin Schaller
- Universitäts-Hautklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Silke Uhrlaß
- Labopart - Medizinische Laboratorien, Labor Leipzig-Mölbis, Rötha OT Mölbis, Deutschland
| | - Miriam Zidane
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Berlin, Deutschland
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Nenoff P, Reinel D, Mayser P, Abeck D, Bezold G, Bosshard PP, Brasch J, Daeschlein G, Effendy I, Ginter-Hanselmayer G, Gräser Y, Hamm G, Hengge U, Hipler UC, Höger P, Kargl A, Kolb-Mäurer A, Krüger C, Malisiewicz B, Mayer J, Ott H, Paasch U, Schaller M, Uhrlaß S, Zidane M. S1 Guideline onychomycosis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023. [PMID: 37212291 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails. In Europe, tinea unguium is mainly caused by dermatophytes. The diagnostic workup comprises microscopic examination, culture and/or molecular testing (nail scrapings). Local treatment with antifungal nail polish is recommended for mild or moderate nail infections. In case of moderate to severe onychomycosis, oral treatment is recommended (in the absence of contraindications). Treatment should consist of topical and systemic agents. The aim of this update of the German S1 guideline is to simplify the selection and implementation of appropriate diagnostics and treatment. The guideline was based on current international guidelines and the results of a literature review conducted by the experts of the guideline committee. This multidisciplinary committee consisted of representatives from the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the German-Speaking Mycological Society (DMykG), the Association of German Dermatologists (BVDD), the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology (DGHM), the German Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), the Working Group for Pediatric Dermatology (APD) and the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI). The Division of Evidence-based Medicine (dEBM) provided methodological assistance. The guideline was approved by the participating medical societies following a comprehensive internal and external review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Nenoff
- Labopart - Medizinische Laboratorien, Labor Leipzig-Mölbis [Labopart - Medical Laboratories, Laboratory Leipzig-Mölbis], Rötha OT Mölbis, Germany
| | - Dieter Reinel
- Praxis für Dermatologie [Dermatology practice], Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dietrich Abeck
- Hautzentrum Nymphenburg [Nymphenburg Skin Center], München, Munich, Germany
| | - Guntram Bezold
- Hautarztpraxis Neu-Ulm [Neu-Ulm dermatology practice], Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp P Bosshard
- Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich, Universität Zürich [Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich], Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Brasch
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel [Department of dermatology, venereology and allergology, Schleswig-Holstein University hospital, Kiel campus], Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Daeschlein
- Hautklinik, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau [Skin clinic, Dessau City Hospital], Dessau, Germany
| | - Isaak Effendy
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum OWL, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld, Universität Bielefeld [Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital OWL, Campus Bielefeld, University of Bielefeld], Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ginter-Hanselmayer
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Universität Graz [University department of dermatology and venereology, Graz Medical University], Graz, Austria
| | - Yvonne Gräser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsimmunologie, Nationales Konsiliarlabor für Dermatophyten [Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Institute of Microbiology and Infection Immunology, National consultant lab for dermatophytes], Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Hamm
- Hautarztpraxis Dr. med. Gudrun Hamm [Gudrun Hamm MD dermatology practice], Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Hengge
- Hautzentrum [Skin Center] Prof. Hengge, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Uta-Christina Hipler
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena [Skin disease clinic, Jena University Hospital], Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Höger
- Abteilung Pädiatrische Dermatologie und Allergologie, Kath. Kinderkrankenhaus Wilhelmstift [Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift], Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kargl
- Hautärzte am Gasteig, München [Dermatologists am Gasteig, Munich], Germany
| | - Annette Kolb-Mäurer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg [Department of dermatology, venereology and allergology, Würzburg University Hospital], Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Krüger
- Labopart - Medizinische Laboratorien, Labor Leipzig-Mölbis [Labopart - Medical Laboratories, Laboratory Leipzig-Mölbis], Rötha OT Mölbis, Germany
| | - Bartosz Malisiewicz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt [Department of dermatology, venereology and allergology, Frankfurt University Hospital], Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Hagen Ott
- Abteilung für pädiatrische Dermatologie und Allergologie, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus auf der Bult [Department of dermatology and allergology, Children's and adolescents' hospital auf der Bult], Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Paasch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig [Department of dermatology, venereology and allergology, Leipzig University Hospital], Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Universitäts-Hautklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silke Uhrlaß
- Labopart - Medizinische Laboratorien, Labor Leipzig-Mölbis [Labopart - Medical Laboratories, Laboratory Leipzig-Mölbis], Rötha OT Mölbis, Germany
| | - Miriam Zidane
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie [Department of dermatology, venereology and allergology], Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Berlin, Germany
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Pankewitz F, Nenoff P, Uhrlaß S, Bezold G, Winter I, Gräser Y. Development of a novel polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis ofTrichophyton rubrumonychomycosis. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:1236-42. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Winter I, Uhrlaß S, Krüger C, Herrmann J, Bezold G, Winter A, Barth S, Simon J, Gräser Y, Nenoff P. Molekularbiologischer Direktnachweis von Dermatophyten im klinischen Material bei Verdacht auf Onychomykose und Tinea pedis. Hautarzt 2013; 64:283-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-013-2562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Beifuss B, Bezold G, Gottlöber P, Borelli C, Wagener J, Schaller M, Korting HC. Direct detection of five common dermatophyte species in clinical samples using a rapid and sensitive 24-h PCR-ELISA technique open to protocol transfer. Mycoses 2011; 54:137-45. [PMID: 19793206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identification of dermatophytes is usually based on morphological characteristics determined by time-consuming microscopic and cultural examinations. An effective PCR-ELISA method has been developed for rapid detection of dermatophyte species directly from clinical specimens within 24 h. Isolated genomic DNA of skin scrapings and nail samples from patients with suspected dermatophyte infections is amplified with species-specific digoxigenin-labelled primers targeting the topoisomerase II gene. The subsequent ELISA procedure with biotin-labelled probes allows a sensitive and specific identification of the five common dermatophytes -Trichophyton rubrum, T. interdigitale, T. violaceum, Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton floccosum. PCR-ELISA, based on the new polyphasic species concept, was assessed using 204 microscopy-positive samples in two university mycological laboratories in Munich and Tübingen, and 316 consecutive specimens - regardless of mycological findings - in a dermatological practice laboratory in Neu-Ulm. One of the five dermatophytes was confirmed by PCR-ELISA in 163 of 204 (79.9%) of the clinical samples from the university hospitals found positive using microscopy. Culture was positive for dermatophytes in 59.8% of the same cases. A significant difference between these two methods could be demonstrated using the McNemar test (P < 0.005). Analysis of specimens from Neu-Ulm confirmed the results in a dermatological practice laboratory as 25.0% of the specimens had positive PCR results, whereas only 7.3% were positive according to culture. Direct DNA isolation from clinical specimens and the PCR-ELISA method employed in this study provide a rapid, reproducible and sensitive tool for detection and discrimination of five major dermatophytes at species level, independent of morphological and biochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Beifuss
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Bezold G, Politch JA, Kiviat NB, Kuypers JM, Wolff H, Anderson DJ. Prevalence of sexually transmissible pathogens in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia. Fertil Steril 2007; 87:1087-97. [PMID: 17433312 PMCID: PMC2697906 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of pathogens that cause sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia (LCS), and associations between STIs, inflammatory markers, and other semen variables. DESIGN Retrospective, controlled study. SETTING Academic Medical Center. PATIENT(S) Two hundred and forty-one male infertility patients undergoing routine semen analysis: 132 with LCS, and 109 without LCS. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The DNA from STI pathogens (human papillomavirus [HPV], cytomegalovirus [CMV], herpes simplex virus [HSV], human herpesvirus type 6 [HHV-6], Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], hepatitis B virus [HBV], and Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]), routine semen parameters, and markers of accessory gland and epididymal function and inflammation. RESULT(S) The DNA from STI pathogens was detected in 45/241 (18.7%) of the samples (CMV, 8.7%; HPV, 4.5%; HHV-6, 3.7%; HSV, 3.7%; CT, 2.5%; EBV, 0.4%; and HBV, 0%), with no difference in prevalence between the LCS and non-LCS groups. The DNA of STI pathogens in semen was associated with a decrease in sperm concentration, motile sperm concentration, total sperm count, and neutral alpha-glucosidase concentration, whereas LCS was associated with a decrease in total sperm count, percent normal forms, and fructose concentration. CONCLUSION(S) The DNA of STI pathogens was detected in semen from a high percentage of asymptomatic male infertility patients, and was associated with poor semen quality. Efforts to diagnose and treat subclinical genital-tract infections should be intensified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntram Bezold
- Fearing Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of cutaneous infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) has proven difficult, as serum antibody tests sometimes are not sensitive and specific enough for that purpose. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to compare the sensitivity for detection of HSV of an immunofluorescence method (Syva Microtrak) and an internally controlled PCR. METHODS Cutaneous swabs from skin lesions were analysed by immunofluorescence separately for HSV types 1 and 2 and by competitive PCR. Detection of PCR products was done by ELISA, if positive additionally by agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Of 79 samples 34 were PCR-positive by ELISA (34 = 100%), of which 23 (68%) were also positive on the agarose gel. Eleven samples (32%) were positive by immunofluorescence. No sample was positive by immunofluorescence and negative by PCR. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that immunofluorescence using Syva Microtrak is not suitable for exclusion of herpes simplex virus infection as sensitivity was only 32%. However, as immunofluorescence is cheaper and faster than PCR, first screening can be done with immunofluorescence, and negative samples can be investigated by PCR to finally prove or exclude the presence of HSV DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bezold
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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von Bubnoff D, Bezold G, Matz H, Hanau D, De La Salle H, Bieber T. Quantification of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene induction in atopic and non-atopic monocytes after ligation of the high-affinity receptor for IgE, Fc(epsilon)RI and interferon-gamma stimulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 132:247-53. [PMID: 12699412 PMCID: PMC1808689 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are crucial in regulating the outcome of T cell responses. Certain APCs are able to down-regulate T cell proliferation in vitro by inducing the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) upon interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulation. IDO is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan. A lack of extracellular tryptophan creates environments in which cells become starved for this amino acid. The high-affinity receptor for IgE, Fc(epsilon)RI, is the principal receptor for the binding of specific IgE in type I-mediated allergies. We demonstrated recently that IDO is overexpressed in Fc(epsilon)RI-stimulated monocytes. In the present study, we performed quantification of IDO gene induction after treatment of atopic (Fc(epsilon)RI(high)) and non-atopic (Fc(epsilon)RI(low/-)) monocytes with IgE/anti-IgE and IFN-gamma. By quantitative PCR ELISA, we found IDO molecule induction in atopic monocytes was enhanced about 50-fold over non-atopic monocytes after ligation of Fc(epsilon)RI. Stimulation with IFN-gamma at a concentration of 100 U/ml in culture medium caused an increase in IDO gene copy numbers in atopics of about fourfold over that of non-atopics. This comparative quantification study demonstrates clearly the regulation of IDO gene expression by Fc(epsilon)RI and discloses differences thereof in atopic and non-atopic cells upon inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- D von Bubnoff
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Shingles are caused by an endogenous or exogenous reinfection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). Up to 50% of individuals with Hodgkin's disease develop herpes zoster; however, no association could be shown between the occurrence of herpes zoster and underlying subclinical malignancies. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate whether VZV DNA could be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the blood of herpes zoster patients and whether there was an association between VZV viraemia and previous or concurrent neoplasias. METHODS At least five blood samples from 28 patients with herpes zoster were investigated by internally controlled PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay prior to and during therapy with aciclovir. RESULTS None of 13 patients, two with a history of neoplasia and two with a neoplasia at the time of the study, showed any signs of viraemia with VZV, and 14 patients had inconsistent viraemia, one with a history of neoplasia and two with neoplasia at the time of the study. In one patient VZV DNA was detected in the blood for 6 days. This patient died soon after from metastatic malignant melanoma. CONCLUSIONS VZV viraemia may occur during herpes zoster episodes, even in patients without evidence of immunosuppression; however, this viraemia is, in most cases, inconsistent and does not provide any specific information concerning underlying unrecognized malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bezold
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Germany
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Bezold G, Schuster-Grusser A, Lange M, Gall H, Wolff H, Peter RU. Prevalence of human herpesvirus types 1-8 in the semen of infertility patients and correlation with semen parameters. Fertil Steril 2001; 76:416-8. [PMID: 11476803 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bezold G, Lange M, Gethöffer K, Pillekamp H, Reindl H, Richter C, Schönian G, Weber L, Peter RU. Competitive polymerase chain reaction used to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis in German soldiers infected during military exercises in French Guiana. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20:421-4. [PMID: 11476445 DOI: 10.1007/s100960100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by enzyme-linked-immunoassay-based verification of PCR products has been developed, which facilitated the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in two German soldiers who underwent survival training in the jungle of French Guiana and returned with therapy-resistant pyoderma-like lesions. After treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, the skin manifestations disappeared, and leishmania DNA could no longer be detected by PCR. In the context of growing military involvement in areas where leishmaniasis is prevalent, this assay may help detect or, due to its internal controls, exclude cases of infection with this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bezold
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
Occupational contact dermatitis in hair dressers and beauticians has increased in importance in the past years. Type IV-allergies against glyceryl monothioglycate components of permanent waves are most common. Other occupational allergens include bleach components such as ammonium persulfate and hair dye ingredients such as p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and p-toluylene-diamine (PTD) base. Allergies to hair dyes in customers of hair dressers have rarely been observed. Two female patients developed allergic contact dermatitis of the scalp and face after repeated use of Polycolor intensivtönung schwarz and of Movida color. We also review the current literature on type IV-allergies to components of hair dressing products components.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gottlöber
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm.
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Bezold G, Gottlöber P, Leiter U, Kerscher M, Krähn G, Peter RU. Quantitation of herpes simplex DNA in blood during aciclovir therapy with competitive PCR ELISA. Dermatology 2001; 201:296-9. [PMID: 11146337 DOI: 10.1159/000051541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring viral load in blood has already been introduced into clinical routine for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to monitor the decline of herpes simplex (HSV) viral load in the blood of a patient with gingivostomatitis herpetica prior and during acyclovir therapy. METHODS Analysis was done by quantitative PCR ELISA using an internal quantitation standard. RESULTS Copy numbers were 66/microl blood prior to therapy, 60 during oral medication with valaciclovir, 97 and 72 copies/microl blood during the first 2 days of intravenous acyclovir therapy, followed by a sharp decline to 8 and 9 copies on days 3 and 4. During the following days, HSV was no longer detectable. CONCLUSION As this quantitative approach can be easily adjusted to any other PCR, it provides a reliable, easy-to-apply method for monitoring therapy, also during new antiviral clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bezold
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Germany
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Bezold G, Messer G, Peter R, Flaig M, Sander C. Quantitation of human herpes virus 8 DNA in paraffin-embedded biopsies of HIV-associated and classical Kaposi's sarcoma by PCR. J Cutan Pathol 2001; 28:127-30. [PMID: 11168763 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0560.2001.028003127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma occurs in patients seropositive and seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has been associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8). The purpose of this study was to determine and to compare the amount of HHV8 DNA in formalin-fixed tissue sections of Kaposi's sarcoma. METHODS From 27 biopsies of Kaposi's sarcoma patients, tissue sections were taken and deparaffinized. Four patients were HIV seronegative and 13 were HIV seropositive. After extraction of DNA copy numbers of HHV8 and beta-globin were determined in every sample by quantitative PCR ELISA using an internal quantitation standard. Results were expressed as HHV8 per beta-globin. RESULTS No significant differences were found between biopsies from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients (14.8+/-19.6 HHV8 per 1000 beta-globin in HIV-positive versus 18.0+/-23.5 in HIV-negative patients). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that HHV8 viral load in Kaposi's sarcoma is relatively low and does not differ in HIV-positive and HIV-negative samples. The importance of viral load determination for prognosis or treatment monitoring remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bezold
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Diagnosis of scabies infection can be difficult as in many cases only few mites are present on an infected person, and in some cases the skin manifestations can be subtle or atypical. We describe the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify Sarcoptes scabiei DNA in a patient presenting with clinically atypical eczema. Cutaneous scales were PCR positive for S. scabiei DNA before, and negative 2 weeks after, therapy. This method facilitates fast and very sensitive diagnosis of clinically atypical or inapparent scabies infection and therapy control in severely affected patients and may help to identify previously unrecognized scabies cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bezold
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Kraehn GM, Utikal J, Udart M, Greulich KM, Bezold G, Kaskel P, Leiter U, Peter RU. Extra c-myc oncogene copies in high risk cutaneous malignant melanoma and melanoma metastases. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:72-9. [PMID: 11139316 PMCID: PMC2363612 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of the c-myc gene have been associated with neoplastic transformation in a plethora of malignant tumours. We applied interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a locus-specific probe for the c-myc gene (8q24) in combination with a corresponding chromosome 8 alpha-satellite probe to evaluate genetic alterations in 8 primary melanomas and 33 advanced melanomas and compared it to 12 melanocytic nevi, 7 safety margins and 2 cases of normal skin. Additionally, in metaphase spreads of 7 melanoma cell lines a whole chromosome 8 paint probe was used. We investigated the functionality of the c-myc gene by detecting c-myc RNA expression with RT-PCR and c-myc protein by immunohistochemistry. 4/8 primary melanomas and 11/33 melanoma metastases showed additional c-myc signals relative to the centromere of chromosome 8 copy number. None of the nevi, safety margins or normal skin samples demonstrated this gain. In 2/7 melanoma cell lines (C32 and WM 266-4) isochromosome 8q formation with a relative gain of c-myc copies and a loss of 8p was observed. The highest c-myc gene expression compared to GAPDH was found in melanoma metastases (17.5%). Nevi (6.6%) and primary melanomas (5.0%) expressed the c-myc gene on a lower level. 72.7% of the patients with c-myc extra copies had visceral melanoma metastases (UICC IV), patients without c-myc gain in 35.0% only. The collective with additional c-myc copies also expressed the gene on a significantly higher level. These results indicate that a c-myc gain in relation to the centromere 8 copy number might be associated with advanced cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Kraehn
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3 and HER4 are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple human malignant neoplasias. However, their role in the carcinogenesis of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) remains to be elucidated. In order to further define the role of these RTKs, 56 human skin tissue samples of normal skin, BCC and SCC were studied by conventional and differential and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR). EGFR and HER3 were predominantly expressed in the BCCs and SCCs, while HER2 was ubiquitously expressed. HER4 was not expressed in any sample. Since in vitro studies have provided compelling evidence that heterodimer formation of these receptors are associated with different signal transduction processes, coexpression patterns might be decisive for the induction and maintenance of a malignant phenotype. These results confirm this concept: isolated HER2 expression and EGFR/HER2 were predominantly found in normal skin, while HER2/HER3 and the triple expression of EGFR/HER2/HER3 were seen more frequently in the BCCs and SCCs compared with normal skin (50% and 40% compared with 26%, respectively). The activation of HER3, in addition to EGFR and HER2, might therefore be associated with the malignant phenotype. However, due to the small numbers in this study, further confirmation of the patterns is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Krähn
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Bezold G, Volkenandt M, Gottlöber P, Peter RU. Detection of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus in clinical swabs: frequent inhibition of PCR as determined by internal controls. Mol Diagn 2000; 5:279-84. [PMID: 11172491 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PCR-based detection of microorganisms is widely used for diagnostic purposes. Most routine PCR applications do not control for inhibition of PCR, thus leading to false-negative results. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred eighteen swab samples obtained from skin and mucosa were investigated for the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and the control gene betaglobin by internally controlled PCR with purified and unpurified DNA in parallel. With unpurified DNA, inhibition of PCR was detected in 23% of betaglobin PCRs, 25% of VZV PCRs, and 16% of HSV PCRs versus 3% each for purified DNA. Approximately 20% of the samples with positive results for HSV or VZV had negative or inhibited results using unpurified DNA. CONCLUSION These results indicate that PCR from clinical swab specimens should be performed exclusively with internal controls because the positive control alone cannot exclude PCR inhibition in individual samples. Purification of DNA will decrease, but not exclude, PCR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bezold
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Gottlöber P, Weber L, Behnisch W, Bezold G, Peter RU, Kerscher M. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a child presenting as a pustular eruption. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142:1234-5. [PMID: 10848754 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Bezold G, Gottlöber P, Gall H, Peter RU. Accidental radiation exposure and azoospermia. J Androl 2000; 21:403-8. [PMID: 10819447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Seven Georgian male soldiers (19-25 years old) had accidentally been exposed to radiation by Cs-137 between April 1996 and May 1997. No information about the exact time and duration of exposure was available. All patients presented with the subacute stage of Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome with deep painful ulcers on different body sites, predominantly on the legs. Semen analyses showed complete azoospermia in 4 patients, with elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in 3 and elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) in 2 of them. One patient had severe oligozoospermia of 7 million sperm per mL, with normal sperm motility and morphology; his FSH and LH levels were elevated. One patient had complete normozoospermia, and the seventh patient had polyzoospermia of 340 million per mL; both of these patients had normal serum hormone levels. Only the patient with oligozoospermia reported a history of delayed testicular descent; his physical examination showed relatively soft and small testicles and a varicocele with considerable reflux. The physical andrological examinations were normal in the other 6 patients. It is very likely that the azoospermia in the 4 patients can be attributed to the radiation accident. In conclusion, it is essential to perform andrological examinations in patients who have been exposed to radiation even if there are only cutaneous injuries detectable, as a high percentage of them can show azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bezold
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Germany
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22
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Bezold G, Sander CA, Flaig MJ, Peter RU, Messer G. Lack of detection of human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 DNA in lesional skin of German pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus patients. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 114:739-41. [PMID: 10745034 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00932-2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gottlöber P, Bezold G, Weber L, Gourmelon P, Cosset JM, Bähren W, Hald HJ, Fliedner TM, Peter RU. The radiation accident in Georgia: clinical appearance and diagnosis of cutaneous radiation syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42:453-8. [PMID: 10688716 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(00)90218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eleven male Georgian soldiers were accidentally exposed to radiation by cesium 137 during their training in a military exercise camp in Lilo, Georgia between November 1996 and May 1997. OBJECTIVE The characteristic sequelae of accidental cutaneous irradiation and available diagnostic methods are described. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of radiation ulcers was performed in all patients; thermography was performed in 2. In 7 patients ulcers and white macules were examined with high-frequency 20 MHz sonography; histologic results were obtained from all patients. RESULTS Predominant lesions were radiation ulcers in 11 patients and white hairless macules in 7. MRI showed ulcers down to the muscles and an increase of signal intensity in the musculature in 9 cases. The corresponding muscle histology demonstrated vasculitis in 7 patients and necrosis in 2. In 2 patients, MRI signal intensity of the musculature was normal. In 3 patients, 20 MHz sonography showed dermal defects; 1 patient had cutaneous fibrosis. Thermography demonstrated hypothermic zones with extended inflammatory zones adjacent to the radiation ulcers in both patients examined. CONCLUSION High-frequency 20 MHz sonography, MRI, and thermography are useful noninvasive methods for diagnosis of the extent of cutaneous radiation syndrome and for therapy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gottlöber
- Department of Dermatology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Krähn G, Greulich KM, Bezold G, Dieterle C, Wolff H, Peter RU. Receptor tyrosine kinase and p16/CDKN2 expression in a case of tripe palms associated with non-small-cell lung cancer. Dermatology 2000; 199:290-5. [PMID: 10640836 DOI: 10.1159/000018277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripe palms is a descriptive term for a cutaneous paraneoplastic keratoderma. Tripe palms are frequently associated with gastric and pulmonary carcinoma. The pathogenetic mechanism remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of receptor tyrosine kinases, which are both expressed in pulmonary carcinomas and in human skin, we performed expression studies on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3 in a skin sample of tripe palms obtained from a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer with lymph node involvement. Two months after diagnosis, the patient had developed palmoplantar 'tripe palms'. Additionally, the expression of SRC, c-myc and p16/ CDKN2 were studied. METHOD Conventional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed on a tissue sample of tripe palms. RESULTS Weak expression of HER2 and of p16/CDKN2 was found. EGFR, HER3, c-myc and SRC were not expressed. CONCLUSION Receptor tyrosine kinases of subclass I, the tyrosine kinase SRC and the oncogene c-myc play no major role in the pathogenesis of this case of tripe palms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Krähn
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Germany
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Schaller M, Panhans-Gross A, Bezold G, Korting HC, Wolff H. Images in reproductive medicine. Ultrastructural defects in acquired immotile sperm flagellae. Fertil Steril 2000; 73:351-2. [PMID: 10685542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
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Gerlach M, Keh D, Bezold G, Spielmann S, Kürer I, Peter RU, Falke KJ, Gerlach H. Nitric oxide inhibits tissue factor synthesis, expression and activity in human monocytes by prior formation of peroxynitrite. Intensive Care Med 1998; 24:1199-208. [PMID: 9876984 DOI: 10.1007/s001340050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO) has antithrombotic properties by regulating platelet function, whereas direct effects on plasmatic coagulation are rarely described. In sepsis and inflammation, when synthesis of NO, oxygen radicals and toxic metabolites is crucial, the expression of tissue factor (TF) on monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces intravascular coagulation. This study was performed to examine the influence of NO and the NO-dependent metabolite peroxynitrite on LPS-induced TF expression and activity in human monocytes. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Laboratory for cell biology. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from buffy coats by gradient centrifugation. The NO-releasing compounds SIN1 and NOC18 were used under different conditions. TF antigen was assayed by flow cytometry, and its activity by a clotting assay. TF-mRNA was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR-ELISA). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Whereas NOC18, a pure NO donor, had no effect, SIN1, releasing both NO and superoxide (O2-), reduced TF expression and activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner; superoxide dismutase (SOD) reversed the SIN1-mediated effect. Adding the O2(-)-deliberating system hypoxanthin/xanthin oxidase (which had no significant effect per se) to NOC18, or using the NO and O2- reaction product peroxynitrite resulted in a reduction of TF expression. RT-PCR-ELISA indicated upregulation of TF-mRNA by SIN1 with a peak at 500 microM; higher doses had less effect. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate an influence of NO on LPS-induced TF expression in monocytes by prior formation of peroxynitrite; furthermore, the balance between NO and O2- seems to play a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gerlach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Virchow-Clinic, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Gottlöber P, Bezold G, Weiß M, Voit C, Danz B, Pröbstle T, Bergmann K, Peter R. Diagnostics of patients after exposure to radioactive isotopes. J Dermatol Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(98)84385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bezold G, Messer G, Puchta U, Peter R, Kind P, Sander C. Quantitation of human herpes virus 8 DNA from paraffin-embedded biopsies of kaposi's sarcoma of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients by polymerase chain reaction. J Dermatol Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(98)84171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wolff H, Neubert U, Volkenandt M, Zöchling N, Schlüpen EM, Bezold G, Meurer M. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in semen by antibody-enzyme immunoassay compared with polymerase chain reaction, antigen-enzyme immunoassay, and urethral cell culture. Fertil Steril 1994; 62:1250-4. [PMID: 7957993 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the results obtained by four different techniques for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in the male genital tract. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Andrology unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS Male infertility patients. INTERVENTIONS Analysis of semen samples and urethral swabs for the presence of C. trachomatis by recombinant antibody-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), antigen-enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and McCoy cell culture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Detection of C. trachomatis. RESULTS In 57 of 205 semen samples (27.8%) immunoglobulin A-antibodies against C. trachomatis were found. In contrast, only 1 of 56 semen samples (1.8%) was positive for C. trachomatis-DNA by PCR, only 1 of 139 semen samples (0.7%) was positive by antigen-EIA, and only 4 of 173 urethral swabs (2.3%) grew C. trachomatis in cell culture. CONCLUSIONS The discrepancy of positive results found by the antibody-rELISA and direct methods for the detection of C. trachomatis indicates successful eradication of the microorganism in > 90% of antibody-positive men. Therefore, detection of antibodies against C. trachomatis in seminal plasma appears to be of limited diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolff
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
The purpose of the study was to identify semen parameters relevant for in vitro fertilization (IVF). A total of 151 ejaculates from 130 patients were analyzed. There was a significant association between successful IVF, high sperm concentration and good sperm motility. Progressive sperm motility correlated best with successful fertilization of oocytes (r = +0.427) and was the only parameter significantly linked to pregnancy. Very low values were sufficient for fertilization in vitro: a sperm concentration of 4.5 x 10(6)/ml and a progressive sperm motility of 20%. The results of analysis of fructose, citrate and neutral alpha-glucosidase as markers of seminal vesicle, prostate and epididymal functions were not different in fertilizing and non-fertilizing semen samples. Moderate increases in granulocyte elastase levels, between 250 and 1000 ng/ml, did not influence IVF. However, two patients with genital tract inflammation (PMN-elastase > 1000 ng/ml) did not fertilize despite excellent semen parameters. These results stress the importance of andrological factors for in vitro fertilization outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolff
- Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München
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Wolff H, Bezold G, Zebhauser M, Meurer M. Impact of clinically silent inflammation on male genital tract organs as reflected by biochemical markers in semen. J Androl 1991; 12:331-4. [PMID: 1765569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Three hundred eight-nine healthy, infertile patients were studied to determine the effects of inflammation on genital tract organs. Clinically silent inflammation was diagnosed by measuring polymorphonuclear granulocyte (PMN) elastase in semen. Seminal vesicle, prostate, and epididymis functions were assessed by measuring fructose, citric acid, and neutral alpha-glucosidase in semen. There was a significant relationship between high PMN elastase levels and low citric acid levels in semen; fructose and neutral alpha-glucosidase were not related to PMN elastase. Semen samples with increased PMN elastase levels (greater than 250 and greater than 1,000 ng/ml) showed a high incidence of pathologic citric acid levels (67% and 73%, respectively). These biochemical data indicate that the prostate is the main target in clinically silent male genital tract inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolff
- Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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Wolff H, Neubert U, Zebhauser M, Bezold G, Korting HC, Meurer M. Chlamydia trachomatis induces an inflammatory response in the male genital tract and is associated with altered semen quality. Fertil Steril 1991; 55:1017-9. [PMID: 2022260 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
U. urealyticum with 15.8% and C. trachomatis antibodies with 15.4% were the most prevalent microbiological findings in 209 male infertility patients. The inflammatory marker granulocyte-elastase was significantly increased in men with C. trachomatis; these men also showed significantly decreased citric acid levels indicating inflammatory damage of the prostate induced by C. trachomatis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolff
- Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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Müller G, Bezold G, Dieterle W, Siebke G. Amin-Austausch und Kohlenstoff-Alkylierung / Amine-Exchange and Carbon-Alkylation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 1971. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1971-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aminomethyl-group of porphobilinogen reacted as an alkylating agent in alkaline solution with primary and secondary amines, amino alcohols, certain amino acids, and C-H acidic compounds. The uroporphyrinogen formation competed with these reactions. An elimination-addition mechanism is discussed. The possibility of this reaction acting a part in the biosynthesis of corrin ring formation is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Müller
- Isotopenlaboratorium des Fachbereiches Chemie der Universität Stuttgart
| | - G. Bezold
- Isotopenlaboratorium des Fachbereiches Chemie der Universität Stuttgart
| | - W. Dieterle
- Isotopenlaboratorium des Fachbereiches Chemie der Universität Stuttgart
| | - G. Siebke
- Isotopenlaboratorium des Fachbereiches Chemie der Universität Stuttgart
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Müller G, Bezold G. [Production of porphobilinogen from delta-aminolevulinic acid with cell suspensions from Propionibacterium shermanii]. Z Naturforsch B 1969; 24:47-53. [PMID: 4388877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bezold G, Müller G, Müller O. Preparation of Porphobilinogen from 5-Aminolevulic Acid by means ofPropionibacterium shermanii. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1967. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.196708832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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