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Luu AM, Brock A, Ritz S, Junghänel S, Aldag I, Edskes S, Hartmann M, Hessler M, Praktiknjo M, Arnemann P, Ertmer C, Uhl W, Schnekenburger J, Herzog T. Long term follow-up of a simplified and less burdened pancreatic duct ligation model of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in Goettingen Minipigs. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:403. [PMID: 33256637 PMCID: PMC7706062 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic duct ligation in a minipig model leads to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). This allows the study of digestive processes and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapies. However, detailed descriptions of the surgical procedure, perioperative management, a determination of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are scarce in the literature. Data of the long-term health status of minipigs upon EPI induction are still not available. Therefore, the present study describes in detail an experimental approach to the induction of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency via pancreatic duct ligation in minipigs and the long term follow up of the animal's health state. METHODS 14 Goettingen minipigs underwent pancreatic duct ligation via midline laparotomy for the induction of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Fecal fat content, fat absorption, chymotrypsin levels, body weight and blood vitamin and glucose levels were determined. RESULTS Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was successfully induced in 12 Goettingen minipigs. Two minipigs failed to develop exocrine insufficiency most likely due to undetected accessory pancreatic ducts. All animals tolerated the procedure very well and gained weight within 8 weeks after surgery without requiring pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. The follow up for approx. 180 weeks showed a stable body weight and health state of the animals with normal blood glucose levels (Table 1). From approx. 130 weeks post pancreatic duct ligation, all animals were supplemented with pancreatic enzymes and vitamins resulting in blood concentrations almost within the reference range. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic duct ligation in minipigs is an excellent method of inducing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. It is important to identify and ligate accessory pancreatic ducts since persistence of accessory ducts will lead to maintenance of exocrine pancreatic function. The EPI model caused no persistent side effects in the animals and has the potential to be used in long-term EPI studies with up to 100 weeks post-OP without supplementation with enzymes and vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Minh Luu
- Department of General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Brock
- Biomedizinisches Technologiezentrum, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Mendelstrasse 17, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ritz
- Biomedizinisches Technologiezentrum, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Mendelstrasse 17, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Sandra Junghänel
- Biomedizinisches Technologiezentrum, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Mendelstrasse 17, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ingo Aldag
- Cilian AG, Johann Krane Weg 42, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Stella Edskes
- Cilian AG, Johann Krane Weg 42, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hessler
- Klinik Für Anaesthesiologie, Operative Intensivmedizin Und Schmerztherapie, Universitaetsklinikum Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Gebaeude A1, 48149 Muenster, Deutschland
| | - Michael Praktiknjo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Arnemann
- Klinik Für Anaesthesiologie, Operative Intensivmedizin Und Schmerztherapie, Universitaetsklinikum Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Gebaeude A1, 48149 Muenster, Deutschland
| | - Christian Ertmer
- Klinik Für Anaesthesiologie, Operative Intensivmedizin Und Schmerztherapie, Universitaetsklinikum Muenster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Gebaeude A1, 48149 Muenster, Deutschland
| | - Waldemar Uhl
- Department of General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Juergen Schnekenburger
- Biomedizinisches Technologiezentrum, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Mendelstrasse 17, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Torsten Herzog
- Department of General Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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Kolp E, Wilkens MR, Pendl W, Eichenberger B, Liesegang A. Vitamin D metabolism in growing pigs: influence of UVB irradiation and dietary vitamin D supply on calcium homeostasis, its regulation and bone metabolism. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018. [PMID: 28627057 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prove whether pigs are able to synthesize vitamin D (vitD) in the skin and to investigate the influence of ultraviolet irradiation (UVB) on vitD status and calcium (Ca) homeostasis of growing pigs. Thirty-two 11-week-old pigs were kept without access to sunlight and divided into four groups receiving the following treatment in a 2 × 2 factorial design: (i) UVB irradiation or not and (ii) vitD in feed or not. Blood, urine and faeces were sampled every third week. In serum, vitD metabolites, Ca, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and bone markers were analysed. Digestibility of Ca, P and Mg as well as urinary excretion of these minerals was analysed. After 14 weeks, the animals were slaughtered, and samples of skin, intestines, kidneys and bones (metatarsus) were taken for further analyses: sterols of vitD synthesis in the skin, Ca flux rates in the intestines, expression of genes involved in Ca transport in the intestines and kidneys, bone mineral density (BMD) with the aid of peripheral quantitative computer tomography and bone mineral content by ashing the metatarsus. Irradiated animals showed higher levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol and tachysterol in the skin, higher levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the serum and higher Ca net flux rates were determined in Ussing chambers. In contrast, the expression of genes involved in Ca transport in the intestines and kidneys was not altered. Similarly, the digestibility of Ca and P as well as the urinary excretion was not affected. With respect to the metatarsus, no differences in mineral contents and BMD were found between groups. At the end of the study, some subclinical signs of beginning vitD 'insufficiency' were observed in the group without access to vitD (represented by higher expression of 1α-hydroxylase in the kidney and increased parathyroid hormone in serum).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kolp
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M R Wilkens
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Hannover, Germany
| | - W Pendl
- Department of Farm Animals, Section of Swine Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - A Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gregory PC, Hoffmann K, Kamphues J, Möeler A. The Pancreatic Duct Ligated (Mini)pig as a Model for Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency in Man. Pancreas 2016; 45:1213-26. [PMID: 27623555 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Modern therapy of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) using pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) has largely been very effective and has greatly helped in improving the nutritional status of patients with PEI and in increasing the life expectancy in cystic fibrosis. It is believed that the use of predictable large animal models could play an important role in assessing and developing new therapies. This article reviews the pancreatic duct ligated (adult) minipig as a chronic model of total PEI, with a detailed look at the influence of PEI and response to PERT on prececal compared to fecal digestibility, to directly investigate effects on protein and starch digestion and absorption. In addition, the piglet with PEI is reviewed as a model for PEI in young patients with the aim of further improving the therapy and nutritional status of young patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Colin Gregory
- From the *Abbott Laboratories GmbH; and †Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Rengman S, Fedkiv O, Botermans J, Svendsen J, Weström B, Pierzynowski S. An elemental diet fed, enteral or parenteral, does not support growth in young pigs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:325-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Patterson JK, Lei XG, Miller DD. The pig as an experimental model for elucidating the mechanisms governing dietary influence on mineral absorption. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:651-64. [PMID: 18408137 DOI: 10.3181/0709-mr-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the similarities between pigs and humans and thereby the value of the porcine human nutritional model, and reviews some of the more recent applications of this model for nutritional research.
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