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Sandoval-Denis M, Lombard L, Crous P. Back to the roots: a reappraisal of Neocosmospora. PERSOONIA 2019; 43:90-185. [PMID: 32214499 PMCID: PMC7085857 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2019.43.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Neocosmospora (Fusarium solani species complex) contains saprobes, plant endophytes and pathogens of major economic significance as well as opportunistic animal pathogens. Advances in biological and phylogenetic species recognition revealed a rich species diversity which has largely remained understudied. Most of the currently recognised species lack formal descriptions and Latin names, while the taxonomic utility of old names is hampered by the lack of nomenclatural type specimens. Therefore, to stabilise the taxonomy and nomenclature of these important taxa, we examined type specimens and representative cultures of several old names by means of morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on rDNA (ITS and LSU), rpb2 and tef1 sequences. Sixty-eight species are accepted in Neocosmospora, 29 of them described herein as new; while 13 new combinations are made. Eleven additional phylogenetic species are recognized, but remain as yet undescribed. Lectotypes are proposed for eight species, seven species are epitypified and two species are neotypified. Notes on an additional 17 doubtful or excluded taxa are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Al-Hatmi AMS, Bonifaz A, Tirado-Sánchez A, Meis JF, de Hoog GS, Ahmed SA. Fusarium species causing eumycetoma: Report of two cases and comprehensive review of the literature. Mycoses 2016; 60:204-212. [PMID: 27928841 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, mycetoma was added to the World Health Organization's list of neglected tropical disease priorities. Fusarium as a genus has been reported to cause eumycetoma, but little is known about the species involved in this infection and their identification. In this study, molecular tools were applied to identify Fusarium agents from human eumycetoma cases. The partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) gene was used as diagnostic parameter. Two additional cases of eumycetoma, due to F. keratoplasticum and F. pseudensiforme, respectively, are presented. A systematic literature review was performed to assess general features, identification, treatment and outcome of eumycetoma infections due to Fusarium species. Of the 20 reviewed patients, the majority (75%) were male. Most agents belonged to the F. solani species complex, ie F. keratoplasticum, F. pseudensiforme, and an undescribed lineage of F. solani. In addition, F. thapsinum, a member of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex was encountered. The main antifungal drugs used were itraconazole, ketoconazole and amphotericin B, but cure rates were low (15%). Partial response or relapse was observed in some cases, and a case ended in amputation. Clinical management of eumycetoma due to Fusarium is complex and combination therapy might be required to increase cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, Brazil.,Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Ahmed
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Rapid identification of black grain eumycetoma causative agents using rolling circle amplification. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3368. [PMID: 25474355 PMCID: PMC4256478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of mycetoma causative agent is a priority for treatment. However, current identification tools are far from being satisfactory for both reliable diagnosis and epidemiological investigations. A rapid, simple, and highly efficient molecular based method for identification of agents of black grain eumycetoma is introduced, aiming to improve diagnostic in endemic areas. Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) uses species-specific padlock probes and isothermal DNA amplification. The tests were based on ITS sequences and developed for Falciformispora senegalensis, F. tompkinsii, Madurella fahalii, M. mycetomatis, M. pseudomycetomatis, M. tropicana, Medicopsis romeroi, and Trematosphaeria grisea. With the isothermal RCA assay, 62 isolates were successfully identified with 100% specificity and no cross reactivity or false results. The main advantage of this technique is the low-cost, high specificity, and simplicity. In addition, it is highly reproducible and can be performed within a single day. Treatment of eumycetoma largely depends on the causative pathogen. Identification of mycetoma agent with phenotypic features is too limited, and physiological and biochemical techniques are laborious, time-consuming and nonspecific, whereas the currently available molecular methods based on DNA sequencing are specific but extremely expensive. We describe rolling circle amplification method for identification of black grain eumycetoma using species-specific padlock probes. Eight probes were designed and successfully used for species identification and the results were easily visualized in 1% agarose gel. RCA provides a simple, reproducible, and cost-effective method for rapid identification of mycetoma agent that can be used in low-resource clinical settings.
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Pleurostomophora ochracea, a novel agent of human eumycetoma with yellow grains. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2987-94. [PMID: 22760037 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01470-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first yellow-grain fungal mycetoma, in a 60-year-old man from Central Sudan, is reported. Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU), large subunit (LSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (BT2), actin (ACT1), and elongation factor (TEF1) genes revealed that the isolate deviated from any known agent of mycetoma; it clustered in the genus Pleurostoma (anamorph genus, Pleurostomophora) in the order Calosphaeriales. The novel species, here named Pleurostomophora ochracea, is characterized by phenotypic features. The species proved to be highly susceptible to itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, but not to fluconazole. The fungus was inhibited by caspofungin at 8 μg/ml, while no inhibition was found with 5-flucytosine (MIC > 64 μg/ml). Compared to other members of the genus Pleurostomophora, P. ochracea is slow growing, with a relatively high optimum growth temperature (36 to 37°C). This is the first case of a yellow-grain fungal mycetoma; yellow grains are otherwise of bacterial nature. Our case emphasizes that identification of mycetoma agents by the color of the grain only is not sufficient and may lead to inappropriate therapy.
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Mathews S, Jadhav R, Reza A, Karim T. Actinomycetoma-the welsh regimen in a rural Indian scenario. Indian J Surg 2012; 74:480-2. [PMID: 24293903 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-012-0481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of Actinomycetoma foot which presented to us after 3yrs of onset of symptoms.We have attempted a chemotherapeutic treatment regime and are reporting the healing changes that have taken place radiologically and macroscopically. A review of literature has been done of various treatment regimens used for Actinomycetoma foot and used and their practical applications in rural hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Mathews
- Department of General Surgery, M. G. M. Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
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Bonnet E, Flecher X, Paratte S, Argenson JN, Raoult D, Fournier PE. Actinomadura meyerae osteitis following wound contamination with hay in a woman in France: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2011; 5:32. [PMID: 21269428 PMCID: PMC3038955 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by environmental fungi or bacteria. It affects dermal and subcutaneous tissues, with putative contiguous extension to muscles or bones. While common in tropical and subtropical areas, mycetoma is rare in Europe. Case presentation We describe a case of Actinomadura meyerae osteitis in a 49-year-old Caucasian woman who suffered a tibia open fracture contaminated with hay; to the best of our knowledge the first case of autochthonous A. meyerae infection reported in France. The bacterium was cultivated from a bone biopsy. Following surgical osteosynthesis and six months of treatment with cotrimoxazole, our patient made a full recovery. Conclusion Our case report suggests that A. meyerae is a potential agent of wound infection in farm workers in contact with hay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bonnet
- Federation de Microbiologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France.
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Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Madurella pseudomycetomatis sp. nov., a novel opportunistic fungus possibly causing black-grain mycetoma. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 48:251-7. [PMID: 19923486 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00018-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of black-grain mycetoma occurring on the lower jaw with an odontogenic origin, which to our knowledge is the first case reported in China, is presented here. The clinical manifestation, histopathological morphology, and microbiological features are described. The new species, Madurella pseudomycetomatis, isolated from the black grains discharged by this patient, was analyzed using sequence data of the multiloci of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and its ability to ferment carbohydrate as well as morphology. The analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 hypervariable region of the 28S ribosomal gene sequences support a new species designation. Antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted, indicating that Madurella pseudomycetomatis was highly susceptible to itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B; moderately susceptible to terbinafine; and resistant to fluconazole and flucytosine.
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HOOD S, MOORE C, CHEESBROUGH J, MENE A, DENNING D. Atypical eumycetoma caused byPhialophora parasiticasuccessfully treated with itraconazole and flucytosine. Br J Dermatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.01834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Ahmed AAO, van de Sande WWJ, Fahal A, Bakker-Woudenberg I, Verbrugh H, van Belkum A. Management of mycetoma: major challenge in tropical mycoses with limited international recognition. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2007; 20:146-51. [PMID: 17496572 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e32803d38fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review highlights an orphan infectious disease in alarming need of international recognition. While money is being invested to develop new broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs to treat infection in general, improvement in the management of complicated infections such as mycetoma receives little support. RECENT FINDINGS Many case presentations describe single-center experience in the management of mycetoma. Unfortunately, randomized and blinded clinical studies into the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment are desperately lacking. Response to medical treatment is usually better in actinomycetoma than eumycetoma. Eumycetoma is difficult to treat using current therapies. Surgery in combination with azole treatment is the recommended regimen for small eumycetoma lesions in the extremities. Bone involvement complicates clinical management, leaving surgical amputation as the only treatment option. Although clinical management has not received major attention recently, laboratory technology has improved in areas of molecular diagnosis and epidemiology. SUMMARY Management of mycetoma and laboratory diagnosis of its etiological agents need to be improved and better implemented in endemic regions. Optimized therapeutic approaches and more detailed epidemiological data are urgently needed. It is vital to initiate multicenter collaborations on national and international levels to develop consensus clinical score sheets and state-of-the-art treatment regimens for mycetoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A O Ahmed
- King Saud University, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Desnos-Ollivier M, Bretagne S, Dromer F, Lortholary O, Dannaoui E. Molecular identification of black-grain mycetoma agents. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3517-23. [PMID: 17021076 PMCID: PMC1594755 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00862-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Black-grain mycetomas are subcutaneous devastating chronic infections due to several dematiaceous fungi. They are diagnosed mostly in tropical countries. Identification of these fungi with standard mycological procedures is difficult because of their poor or delayed sporulation. The aim of this study was thus to assess the accuracy of molecular identification of these fungi. A total of 54 strains, mostly of clinical origin, were used, including 15 Madurella mycetomatis, 6 Madurella grisea, 12 Leptosphaeria senegalensis, 4 Leptosphaeria tompkinsii, 6 Pyrenochaeta spp., 4 Curvularia lunata, and 7 Exophiala jeanselmei strains. The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-5.8S-ITS2 DNA region was amplified by using universal fungal primers and sequenced. Both intra- and interspecies sequence similarities were assessed. Madurella mycetomatis appeared to be a homogeneous species. More intraspecies variations were found for C. lunata and E. jeanselmei, leading, in some instances, to changes in the initial identification. L. senegalensis and L. tompkinsii showed intraspecies similarities of >99%, but similarity between the two species was <88%. Intergenera and interspecies variations were important, with sequence homologies of <81% between genera. In contrast, Pyrenochaeta romeroi and M. grisea appeared to be heterogeneous, with intraspecies similarities of 40 to 100% and 53 to 100%, respectively, which suggest either erroneous identification or the need for taxonomic revision. Epidemiological and therapeutic studies could benefit from a precise identification of the fungi responsible for black-grain mycetoma based not only on phenotypical characteristics but also on ITS sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Desnos-Ollivier
- Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, CNRS FRE2849, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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11
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Ahmed AOA, van Leeuwen W, Fahal A, van de Sande W, Verbrugh H, van Belkum A. Mycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis: a neglected infectious burden. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2004; 4:566-74. [PMID: 15336224 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tropical eumycetoma is frequently caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. The disease is characterised by extensive subcutaneous masses, usually with sinuses draining pus, blood, and fungal grains. The disease affects individuals of all ages, although disability is most severe in adults who work outdoors. Compared with major diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV, disease from M mycetomatis is underestimated but socioeconomically important. Many scientific case reports on mycetoma exist, but fundamental research was lacking until recently. We present a review on developments in the clinical, epidemiological, and diagnostic management of M mycetomatis eumycetoma. We describe newly developed molecular diagnostic and gene typing procedures, and their application for management of patients and environmental research. Fungal susceptibility tests have been developed as well as a mouse model of infection. These advances should greatly further our understanding of the molecular basis of eumycetoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla O A Ahmed
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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12
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Bakker XR, Spauwen PHM, Dolmans WMV. Mycetoma of the hand caused by Gordona terrae: a case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 29:188-90. [PMID: 15010171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2003] [Accepted: 09/19/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X R Bakker
- Departments of Plastic Surgery and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Ahmed AOA, Desplaces N, Leonard P, Goldstein F, De Hoog S, Verbrugh H, van Belkum A. Molecular detection and identification of agents of eumycetoma: detailed report of two cases. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 41:5813-6. [PMID: 14662990 PMCID: PMC309011 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.12.5813-5816.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe two cases of eumycetoma in the legs. The infections could not be adequately diagnosed by classical mycology, but the causative agents were successfully identified as Madurella mycetomatis by species-specific PCR and DNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla O A Ahmed
- Mycetoma Research Group, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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14
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Yera H, Bougnoux ME, Jeanrot C, Baixench MT, De Pinieux G, Dupouy-Camet J. Mycetoma of the foot caused by Fusarium solani: identification of the etiologic agent by DNA sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:1805-8. [PMID: 12682194 PMCID: PMC153913 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.4.1805-1808.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Fusarium solani mycetoma of the foot that could not be diagnosed by culture, but was correctly identified after amplification and sequence analysis of fungal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and 5.8S ribosomal DNA regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yera
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
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15
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Tomimori-Yamashita J, Ogawa MM, Hirata SH, Fischman O, Michalany NS, Yamashita HK, Alchorne M. Mycetoma caused by Fusarium solani with osteolytic lesions on the hand: case report. Mycopathologia 2002; 153:11-4. [PMID: 11913759 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015294117574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Eumycetoma is a mycotic disease caused by saprophytic soil fungi that are usually inoculated through minor injuries. A case of mycetoma in a Brazilian farmer aged 71 years is reported. This patient presented erythema and edema on the dorsal surface of the left hand with multiple crusted and cicatricial lesions. No macroscopic grains were observed. The histopathological findings showed grains consisted of numerous hyphae which stained well with Gomori-Grocott method. This material obtained by cutaneous biopsy was submitted to culture on Sabouraud's medium and the colonies were identified as Fusarium solani. The radiological studies revealed bone osteolytic lesions and the ultrasound showed pseudocysts and fistulae at the site of this infection. The patient was treated with oral ketoconazole with a good clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Tomimori-Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ahmed A, Adelmann D, Fahal A, Verbrugh H, van Belkum A, de Hoog S. Environmental occurrence of Madurella mycetomatis, the major agent of human eumycetoma in Sudan. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:1031-6. [PMID: 11880433 PMCID: PMC120253 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.3.1031-1036.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Madurella mycetomatis is the main causative agent of human eumycetoma, a severe debilitating disease endemic in Sudan. It has been suggested that eumycetoma has a soil-borne or thorn prick-mediated origin. For this reason, efforts were undertaken to culture M. mycetomatis from soil samples (n = 43) and thorn collections (n = 35) derived from areas in which it is endemic. However, ribosomal sequencing data revealed that the black fungi obtained all belonged to other fungal species. In addition, we performed PCR-mediated detection followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis for the identification of M. mycetomatis DNA from the environmental samples as well as biopsies from patients with mycetoma. In the case of the Sudanese soil samples, 17 out of 74 (23%) samples were positive for M. mycetomatis DNA. Among the thorn collections, 1 out of 22 (5%) was positive in the PCR. All PCR RFLP patterns clearly indicated the presence of M. mycetomatis. In contrast, 15 Dutch and English control soil samples were all negative. Clinically and environmentally obtained fungal PCR products share the same PCR RFLP patterns, suggesting identity, at least at the species level. These observations support the hypothesis that eumycetoma is primarily environmentally acquired and suggest that M. mycetomatis needs special conditions for growth, as direct isolation from the environment seems to be impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Ahmed
- Institute for Endemic Diseases and Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Meis JF, Schouten RA, Verweij PE, Dolmans W, Wetzels JF. Atypical presentation of Madurella mycetomatis mycetoma in a renal transplant patient. Transpl Infect Dis 2000; 2:96-8. [PMID: 11429018 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3062.2000.020208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A renal transplant patient presented with a swelling on his foot. Fungal hyphae were found in the abscess, and culture demonstrated Madurella mycetomatis, an agent of mycetoma. There were no black grains in the pus and no overlying sinuses. This was an atypical presentation of maduromycosis in a renal transplant patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Ahmed AO, Mukhtar MM, Kools-Sijmons M, Fahal AH, de Hoog S, van den Ende BG, Zijlstra EE, Verbrugh H, Abugroun ES, Elhassan AM, van Belkum A. Development of a species-specific PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis procedure for identification of Madurella mycetomatis. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:3175-8. [PMID: 10488173 PMCID: PMC85521 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.10.3175-3178.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/1999] [Accepted: 07/08/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Madurella mycetomatis is the commonest cause of eumycetoma in Sudan and other countries in tropical Africa. Currently, the early diagnosis of mycetoma is difficult. In attempting to improve the identification of M. mycetomatis and, consequently, the diagnosis of mycetoma, we have developed specific oligonucleotide primers based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions spacing the genes encoding the fungal ribosomal RNAs. The ITS regions were amplified with universal primers and sequenced, and then two sets of species-specific primers were designed which specifically amplify parts of the ITS and the 5.8S ribosomal DNA gene. The new primers were tested for specificity with DNA isolated from human mycetoma lesions and DNA extracted from cultures of M. mycetomatis reference strains and related fungi as well as human DNA. To study the genetic variability of the ITS regions of M. mycetomatis, ITS amplicons were obtained from 25 different clinical isolates and subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with CfoI, HaeIII, MspI, Sau3AI, RsaI, and SpeI restriction enzymes. RFLP analysis of the ITS region did not reveal even a single difference, indicating the homogeneity of the isolates analyzed during the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Ahmed
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan, The Netherlands
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19
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HOOD S, MOORE C, CHEESBROUGH J, MENE A, DENNING D. Atypical eumycetoma caused by Phialophora parasitica successfully treated with itraconazole and flucytosine. Br J Dermatol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Ginter G, de Hoog GS, Pschaid A, Fellinger M, Bogiatzis A, Berghold C, Reich EM, Odds FC. Arthritis without grains caused by Pseudallescheria boydii. Mycoses 1995; 38:369-71. [PMID: 8569811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1995.tb00066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Severe infection of the knee joint by Pseudallescheria boydii in a 23-year-old female resulted in complete destruction of the cartilaginous surface. The possibility of entry of the fungus through mild abrasions of unperforated skin is discussed. The clinical appearance is compared with that of Scedosporium prolificans. Antimycotic miconazole-itraconazole treatment, applied during a period of 4 months, was successful; no side-effects were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ginter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Graz, Austria
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