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Sakkaki S, Gangarossa G, Lerat B, Françon D, Forichon L, Chemin J, Valjent E, Lerner-Natoli M, Lory P. Blockade of T-type calcium channels prevents tonic-clonic seizures in a maximal electroshock seizure model. Neuropharmacology 2015; 101:320-9. [PMID: 26456350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
T-type (Cav3) calcium channels play important roles in neuronal excitability, both in normal and pathological activities of the brain. In particular, they contribute to hyper-excitability disorders such as epilepsy. Here we have characterized the anticonvulsant properties of TTA-A2, a selective T-type channel blocker, in mouse. Using the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) as a model of tonic-clonic generalized seizures, we report that mice treated with TTA-A2 (0.3 mg/kg and higher doses) were significantly protected against tonic seizures. Although no major change in Local Field Potential (LFP) pattern was observed during the MES seizure, analysis of the late post-ictal period revealed a significant increase in the delta frequency power in animals treated with TTA-A2. Similar results were obtained for Cav3.1-/- mice, which were less prone to develop tonic seizures in the MES test, but not for Cav3.2-/- mice. Analysis of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) phosphorylation and c-Fos expression revealed a rapid and elevated neuronal activation in the hippocampus following MES clonic seizures, which was unchanged in TTA-A2 treated animals. Overall, our data indicate that TTA-A2 is a potent anticonvulsant and that the Cav3.1 isoform plays a prominent role in mediating TTA-A2 tonic seizure protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sakkaki
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5203, Département Neuroscience & Ion Channel Biology, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier F-34094, France; INSERM U1191, Montpellier F34094, France; LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier F34094, France; Sanofi R&D, F-91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5203, Département Neuroscience & Ion Channel Biology, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier F-34094, France; INSERM U1191, Montpellier F34094, France
| | - Benoit Lerat
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5203, Département Neuroscience & Ion Channel Biology, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier F-34094, France; INSERM U1191, Montpellier F34094, France
| | | | - Luc Forichon
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5203, Département Neuroscience & Ion Channel Biology, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier F-34094, France; INSERM U1191, Montpellier F34094, France
| | - Jean Chemin
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5203, Département Neuroscience & Ion Channel Biology, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier F-34094, France; INSERM U1191, Montpellier F34094, France; LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier F34094, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5203, Département Neuroscience & Ion Channel Biology, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier F-34094, France; INSERM U1191, Montpellier F34094, France
| | - Mireille Lerner-Natoli
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5203, Département Neuroscience & Ion Channel Biology, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier F-34094, France; INSERM U1191, Montpellier F34094, France
| | - Philippe Lory
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5203, Département Neuroscience & Ion Channel Biology, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier F-34094, France; INSERM U1191, Montpellier F34094, France; LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier F34094, France.
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Garcia I, Kim C, Arenkiel BR. Genetic strategies to investigate neuronal circuit properties using stem cell-derived neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:59. [PMID: 23264761 PMCID: PMC3524522 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is anatomically and functionally complex, and prone to diverse forms of injury and neuropathology. Scientists have long strived to develop cell replacement therapies to repair damaged and diseased nervous tissue. However, this goal has remained unrealized for various reasons, including nascent knowledge of neuronal development, the inability to track and manipulate transplanted cells within complex neuronal networks, and host graft rejection. Recent advances in embryonic stem cell (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, alongside novel genetic strategies to mark and manipulate stem cell-derived neurons, now provide unprecedented opportunities to investigate complex neuronal circuits in both healthy and diseased brains. Here, we review current technologies aimed at generating and manipulating neurons derived from ESCs and iPSCs toward investigation and manipulation of complex neuronal circuits, ultimately leading to the design and development of novel cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Garcia
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA ; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
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Kalinichev M, Bradford A, Bison S, Lucas A, Sartori I, Garbati N, Andreetta F, Bate S, Austin NE, Jones DNC, Read KD, Alvaro G, Large CH. Potentiation of the anticonvulsant efficacy of sodium channel inhibitors by an NK1-receptor antagonist in the rat. Epilepsia 2010; 51:1543-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Doretto MC, Cortes-de-Oliveira JA, Rossetti F, Garcia-Cairasco N. Role of the superior colliculus in the expression of acute and kindled audiogenic seizures in Wistar audiogenic rats. Epilepsia 2009; 50:2563-74. [PMID: 19490050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of the superior colliculus (SC) in seizure expression is controversial and appears to be dependent upon the epilepsy model. This study shows the effect of disconnection between SC deep layers and adjacent tissues in the expression of acute and kindling seizures. METHODS Subcollicular transections, ablation of SC superficial and deep layers, and ablation of only the cerebral cortex were evaluated in the Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR) strain during acute and kindled audiogenic seizures. The audiogenic seizure kindling protocol started 4 days after surgeries, with two acoustic stimuli per day for 10 days. Acute audiogenic seizures were evaluated by a categorized seizure severity midbrain index (cSI) and kindled seizures by a severity limbic index (LI). RESULTS All subcollicular transections reaching the deep layers of the SC abolished audiogenic seizures or significantly decreased cSI. In the unlesioned kindled group, a reciprocal relationship between limbic and brainstem pattern of seizures was seen. The increased number of stimuli provoked an audiogenic kindling phenomenon. Ablation of the entire SC (ablation group) or of the cerebral cortex only (ctx-operated group) hampered the acquisition of limbic behaviors. There was no difference in cSI and LI between the ctx-operated and ablation groups, but there was a difference between ctx-operated and the unlesioned kindled group. There was also no difference in cSI between SC deep layer transection and ablation groups. Results of histologic analyses were similar for acute and kindled audiogenic seizure groups. CONCLUSIONS SC deep layers are involved in the expression of acute and kindled audiogenic seizure, and the cerebral cortex is essential for audiogenic kindling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Doretto
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shehab S, Alzigali L, Madathil M, Redgrave P. Pharmacological evidence for an anticonvulsant relay in the rat ventromedial medulla. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:2585-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shehab SAS, Ljubisavljevic M, Al-Halhali F, Al-Awadhi A, Madathil M, Abdul-Kareem A, Redgrave P. Experimental manipulations of the subthalamic nucleus fail to suppress tonic seizures in the electroshock model of epilepsy. Exp Brain Res 2006; 173:274-81. [PMID: 16676172 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-006-0439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has anticonvulsant effects on epileptic seizures originating from the forebrain. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the anticonvulsant properties of the STN extend to the suppression of tonic seizures originating from the brainstem elicited by electroshock in rats. Three different procedures were used to manipulate activity in the STN and in each case the duration of tonic hindlimb extension elicited by electroshock was used as a measure of seizure-severity. Under general anesthesia, two groups of rats received chronic implants of either bilateral stainless steel guide cannulae or bilateral bipolar stimulating electrodes stereotaxically implanted and aimed at the STN. After 3 days of recovery, each rat in the first group was tested with electroshock on three consecutive days after having received 220 nl bilateral microinjections into the STN of either 200 or 400 pmol of muscimol (a GABA agonist) dissolved in saline or the same volume of normal saline. In the second group the electroshock test was conducted, again on three consecutive days, immediately following high frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of the STN at 130 or 260 Hz or a no current control condition. In the third group, rats were tested with electroshock before and after bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the STN with either kainic or ibotenic acids. None of these manipulations produced significant suppression of the tonic hind limb extension elicited by electroshock compared with the relevant control conditions. This suggests that, within the limitations of the current procedures, the anticonvulsant properties of the STN appear to be ineffective against tonic seizures originating in the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A S Shehab
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE.
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