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Kusumoto B, Chao A, Eiserhardt WL, Svenning JC, Shiono T, Kubota Y. Occurrence-based diversity estimation reveals macroecological and conservation knowledge gaps for global woody plants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9719. [PMID: 37801494 PMCID: PMC10558125 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete sampling of species' geographic distributions has challenged biogeographers for many years to precisely quantify global-scale biodiversity patterns. After correcting for the spatial inequality of sample completeness, we generated a global species diversity map for woody angiosperms (82,974 species, 13,959,780 occurrence records). The standardized diversity estimated more pronounced latitudinal and longitudinal diversity gradients than the raw data and improved the spatial prediction of diversity based on environmental factors. We identified areas with potentially high species richness and rarity that are poorly explored, unprotected, and threatened by increasing human pressure: They are distributed mostly at low latitudes across central South America, Central Africa, subtropical China, and Indomalayan islands. These priority areas for botanical exploration can help to efficiently fill spatial knowledge gaps for better describing the status of biodiversity and improve the effectiveness of the protected area network for global woody plant conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buntarou Kusumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Think Nature Inc., Naha City, Japan
- University Museum, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
| | - Anne Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wolf L. Eiserhardt
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Takayuki Shiono
- Think Nature Inc., Naha City, Japan
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Think Nature Inc., Naha City, Japan
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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2
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Da Silva LC, Almeida RG, da Silva PH, Oprea M, Mendes P, Brito D, Bernardi Vieira T. Temporal changes in the potential geographic distribution of Histiotus velatus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), the "decade effect". Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16972-16980. [PMID: 34938485 PMCID: PMC8668744 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated how the potential distribution of Histiotus velatus is affected by the addition of new records over decades (decade effect). Assuming that (1: hypothesis of the effect of the decade) the addition of new occurrence records over time increases the potential size of the species distribution; and (2: Wallacean distance hypothesis) over the years, the new points added are increasingly distant from the research centers. Considering the geographic knowledge gap of this species, our objective is to report a new record of this species and estimate its potential distribution in South America through environment niche models (ENMs). For this, we compiled records of occurrence of species, selected from 1900 to 2015. We used 19 bioclimatic variables available in the WorldClim database to estimate the potential distribution of the species, and we used three modeling algorithms: Maximum Entropy (MXT), Random Forest (RDF), and Support Vector Machine. To test the Wallacean distance hypothesis, we calculated the Euclidian distance from occurrences to bat research centers in Brazil, located using a national researchers' information dataset ("Plataforma Lattes"). To test the hypothesis of the decade effect, we used the beta regression analysis, taking conservative and non-conservative approaches. The results showed that the predicted area expanded and retracted with the addition of new occurrences over the decades, with an improvement in the accuracy of models. Most records are located in the southeastern region of Brazil, but algorithms predicted areas in regions where there are no records. Only the conservative approach has had a positive relationship over the decades. The distance from new points does not increase over the years of research centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liriann Chrisley Da Silva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e ConservaçãoFaculdade de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáAltamiraBrazil
| | - Rafaela Gonçalves Almeida
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e ConservaçãoDepartamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | - Pablo Henrique da Silva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado – RENACUniversidade Estadual de GoiásAnápolisBrazil
- Theoretical Metacommunity and Landscape Ecology LaboratoryDepartamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | - Monik Oprea
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Biologia MolecularDepartamento de GenéticaInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | - Poliana Mendes
- Theoretical Metacommunity and Landscape Ecology LaboratoryDepartamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
- Département de PhytologieFaculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentationUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Daniel Brito
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e ConservaçãoDepartamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e EvoluçãoDepartamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | - Thiago Bernardi Vieira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e ConservaçãoFaculdade de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáAltamiraBrazil
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Farooq H, Azevedo JAR, Soares A, Antonelli A, Faurby S. Mapping Africa's Biodiversity: More of the Same Is Just Not Good Enough. Syst Biol 2020; 70:623-633. [PMID: 33306123 PMCID: PMC8048386 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distribution data are fundamental to the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes. Yet, such data are strongly affected by sampling biases, mostly related to site accessibility. The understanding of these biases is therefore crucial in systematics, biogeography, and conservation. Here we present a novel approach for quantifying sampling effort and its impact on biodiversity knowledge, focusing on Africa. In contrast to previous studies assessing sampling completeness (percentage of species recorded in relation to predicted), we investigate whether the lack of knowledge of a site attracts scientists to visit these areas and collect samples of species. We then estimate the time required to sample 90% of the continent under a Weibull distributed biodiversity sampling rate and the number of sampling events required to record $ \ge $50% of the species. Using linear and spatial regression models, we show that previous sampling has been strongly influencing the resampling of areas, attracting repeated visits. This bias has existed for over two centuries, has increased in recent decades, and is most pronounced among mammals. It may take between 172 and 274 years, depending on the group, to achieve at least one sampling event per grid cell in the entire continent. Just one visit will, however, not be enough: in order to record $ \ge $50% of the current diversity, it will require at least 12 sampling events for amphibians, 13 for mammals, and 27 for birds. Our results demonstrate the importance of sampling areas that lack primary biodiversity data and the urgency with which this needs to be done. Current practice is insufficient to adequately classify and map African biodiversity; it can lead to incorrect conclusions being drawn from biogeographic analyses and can result in misleading and self-reinforcing conservation priorities. [Amphibians; birds; mammals; sampling bias; sampling gaps; Wallacean shortfall.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Harith Farooq
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden1.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Faculty of Natural Sciences at Lúrio University, Campus universitário da Universidade Lúrio, Bairro Eduardo Mondlane, 3200, Pemba, Cabo Delgado, Moçambique
| | - Josué A R Azevedo
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden1.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Coordenação de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Caixa Postal 2223, CEP 69008-971, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Amadeu Soares
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden1.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, U.K
| | - Søren Faurby
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden1.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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El-Gabbas A, Gilbert F, Dormann CF. Spatial conservation prioritisation in data-poor countries: a quantitative sensitivity analysis using multiple taxa. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:35. [PMID: 32590973 PMCID: PMC7318458 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spatial conservation prioritisation (SCP) is a set of computational tools designed to support the efficient spatial allocation of priority areas for conservation actions, but it is subject to many sources of uncertainty which should be accounted for during the prioritisation process. We quantified the sensitivity of an SCP application (using software Zonation) to possible sources of uncertainty in data-poor situations, including the use of different surrogate options; correction for sampling bias; how to integrate connectivity; the choice of species distribution modelling (SDM) algorithm; how cells are removed from the landscape; and two methods of assigning weights to species (red-list status or prediction uncertainty). Further, we evaluated the effectiveness of the Egyptian protected areas for conservation, and spatially allocated the top priority sites for further on-the-ground evaluation as potential areas for protected areas expansion. Results Focal taxon (butterflies, reptiles, and mammals), sampling bias, connectivity and the choice of SDM algorithm were the most sensitive parameters; collectively these reflect data quality issues. In contrast, cell removal rule and species weights contributed much less to overall variability. Using currently available species data, we found the current effectiveness of Egypt’s protected areas for conserving fauna was low. Conclusions For SCP to be useful, there is a lower limit on data quality, requiring data-poor countries to improve sampling strategies and data quality to obtain unbiased data for as many taxa as possible. Since our sensitivity analysis may not generalise, conservation planners should use sensitivity analyses more routinely, particularly relying on more than one combination of SDM algorithm and surrogate group, consider correction for sampling bias, and compare the spatial patterns of predicted priority sites using a variety of settings. The sensitivity of SCP to connectivity parameters means that the responses of each species to habitat loss are important knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Gabbas
- Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Francis Gilbert
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carsten F Dormann
- Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Kockel A, Ban NC, Costa M, Dearden P. Addressing distribution equity in spatial conservation prioritization for small-scale fisheries. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233339. [PMID: 32428006 PMCID: PMC7237002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial conservation prioritization is used worldwide for designing marine protected areas (MPA) that achieve set conservation objectives with minimal impacts to marine users. People involved in small-scale fisheries (SSF) may incur negative and disproportionate impacts from implementing MPAs, yet limited available data often restricts their representation in MPA planning. Using a Philippines case study, we focus here on the systematic design of a MPA network that aims to minimize and distribute costs equitably for SSF whilst achieving representation targets for biodiversity conservation. The objectives of the study are to: (1) document a participatory mapping approach for collecting SSF data for prioritization using the local knowledge of fishers; and (2) examine how the completeness and resolution of SSF data may affect prioritization outputs in terms of biodiversity representation, spatial efficiency, and distribution equity. In the data-poor region, we conducted participatory mapping workshops with fishers in 79 communities to collect data on the spatial distribution patterns of different SSF fisheries and communities, and employed remote sensing techniques to define coastal habitats, which were targeted for inclusion in MPAs. The datasets were integrated within the decision-support tool Marxan with Zones to develop three scenarios. The SSF data incorporated in each scenario varied based on their completeness (considered all fishing methods or only dominant methods) and resolution (fishing methods itemized by community or municipality). All scenarios derived MPA plans that met representation targets with similar area coverage. The outputs, however, varied in terms of distribution equity, measured by the distribution of opportunity costs (loss of fishing grounds) across different fisheries and communities. Scenarios that did not include minority fisheries or variations between communities, led to inequitable costs. These results highlight the need to incorporate detailed data on SSF at appropriate resolutions, and how this can be achieved through participatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Kockel
- Geography Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natalie C. Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maycira Costa
- Geography Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip Dearden
- Geography Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Influences of planning unit shape and size in landscapes dominated by different land-cover types on systematic conservation planning. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Oliveira U, Soares-Filho BS, Santos AJ, Paglia AP, Brescovit AD, de Carvalho CJB, Silva DP, Rezende DT, Leite FSF, Batista JAN, Barbosa JPPP, Stehmann JR, Ascher JS, Vasconcelos MF, Marco PD, Löwenberg-Neto P, Ferro VG. Modelling Highly Biodiverse Areas in Brazil. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6355. [PMID: 31015555 PMCID: PMC6479156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional conservation techniques for mapping highly biodiverse areas assume there to be satisfactory knowledge about the geographic distribution of biodiversity. There are, however, large gaps in biological sampling and hence knowledge shortfalls. This problem is even more pronounced in the tropics. Indeed, the use of only a few taxonomic groups or environmental surrogates for modelling biodiversity is not viable in mega-diverse countries, such as Brazil. To overcome these limitations, we developed a comprehensive spatial model that includes phylogenetic information and other several biodiversity dimensions aimed at mapping areas with high relevance for biodiversity conservation. Our model applies a genetic algorithm tool for identifying the smallest possible region within a unique biota that contains the most number of species and phylogenetic diversity, as well as the highest endemicity and phylogenetic endemism. The model successfully pinpoints small highly biodiverse areas alongside regions with knowledge shortfalls where further sampling should be conducted. Our results suggest that conservation strategies should consider several taxonomic groups, the multiple dimensions of biodiversity, and associated sampling uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubirajara Oliveira
- Centro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Britaldo Silveira Soares-Filho
- Centro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adalberto J Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Pereira Paglia
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio D Brescovit
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Paiva Silva
- Instituto Federal Goiano - IFGoiano, Departamento de Biologia, Urutaí - Goiás, Brazil
| | - Daniella T Rezende
- Sección Palentología de Vertebrados Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" Avenida Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos, Aires, Argentina
| | - Felipe Sá Fortes Leite
- Laboratório Sagarana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil
| | - João Aguiar Nogueira Batista
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - João Renato Stehmann
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - John S Ascher
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcelo F Vasconcelos
- Instituto Prístino, Rua Santa Maria Goretti, 86, Barreiro, CEP 30642-020, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo De Marco
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Gianluppi Ferro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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8
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Lehtomäki J, Kusumoto B, Shiono T, Tanaka T, Kubota Y, Moilanen A. Spatial conservation prioritization for the East Asian islands: A balanced representation of multitaxon biogeography in a protected area network. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joona Lehtomäki
- Environmental Geography Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Buntarou Kusumoto
- Center for Strategic Research ProjectUniversity of the Ryukyus Nishihara Okinawa Japan
| | - Takayuki Shiono
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the Ryukyus Nishihara Okinawa Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and TechnologyShinshu University Matsumoto, Nagano Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the Ryukyus Nishihara Okinawa Japan
- Marine and Terrestrial Field Ecology, Tropical Biosphere Research CenterUniversity of the Ryukyus Nishihara Okinawa Japan
| | - Atte Moilanen
- Finnish Natural History Museum, and the Department of GeosciencesUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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9
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Fukumori K, Ishida S, Shimoda M, Takenaka A, Akasaka M, Nishihiro J, Takamura N, Kadoya T. Incorporating species population dynamics into static prioritization: Targeting species undergoing rapid change. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Fukumori
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem StudiesNational Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shinya Ishida
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem StudiesNational Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Michiko Shimoda
- Faculty of Social EnvironmentTokoha University Funabashi Chiba Japan
| | - Akio Takenaka
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem StudiesNational Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Munemitsu Akasaka
- Institute of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun Nishihiro
- Department of Environmental ScienceFaculty of SciencesToho University Funabashi Chiba Japan
| | - Noriko Takamura
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem StudiesNational Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Taku Kadoya
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem StudiesNational Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
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10
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Soroye P, Ahmed N, Kerr JT. Opportunistic citizen science data transform understanding of species distributions, phenology, and diversity gradients for global change research. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5281-5291. [PMID: 29920854 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Opportunistic citizen science (CS) programs allow volunteers to report species observations from anywhere, at any time, and can assemble large volumes of historic and current data at faster rates than more coordinated programs with standardized data collection. This can quickly provide large amounts of species distributional data, but whether this focus on participation comes at a cost in data quality is not clear. Although automated and expert vetting can increase data reliability, there is no guarantee that opportunistic data will do anything more than confirm information from professional surveys. Here, we use eButterfly, an opportunistic CS program, and a comparable dataset of professionally collected observations, to measure the amount of new distributional species information that opportunistic CS generates. We also test how well opportunistic CS can estimate regional species richness for a large group of taxa (>300 butterfly species) across a broad area. We find that eButterfly contributes new distributional information for >80% of species, and that opportunistically submitting observations allowed volunteers to spot species ~35 days earlier than professionals. Although eButterfly did a relatively poor job at predicting regional species richness by itself (detecting only about 35-57% of species per region), it significantly contributed to regional species richness when used with the professional dataset (adding ~3 species that had gone undetected in professional surveys per region). Overall, we find that the opportunistic CS model can provide substantial complementary species information when used alongside professional survey data. Our results suggest that data from opportunistic CS programs in conjunction with professional datasets can strongly increase the capacity of researchers to estimate species richness, and provide unique information on species distributions and phenologies that are relevant to the detection of the biological consequences of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Soroye
- Canadian Facility for Ecoinformatics Research, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Najeeba Ahmed
- Canadian Facility for Ecoinformatics Research, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy T Kerr
- Canadian Facility for Ecoinformatics Research, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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11
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Miu IV, Chisamera GB, Popescu VD, Iosif R, Nita A, Manolache S, Gavril VD, Cobzaru I, Rozylowicz L. Conservation priorities for terrestrial mammals in Dobrogea Region, Romania. Zookeys 2018:133-158. [PMID: 30402034 PMCID: PMC6215976 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.792.25314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on species occurrence records of museum collections, published literature, and unpublished records shared by mammalian experts, we compiled a distribution database for 59 terrestrial mammals populating the extensively protected Dobrogea Region of Romania. The spatial patterns of mammal distribution and diversity was evaluated and systematic conservation planning applied to identify priority areas for their conservation. The spatial analyses revealed that intensive sampling was not directly correlated to mammal diversity but rather to accessibility for inventory. The spatial prioritisation analysis indicated a relatively aggregated pattern of areas with a high or low conservation value with virtually no connecting corridors between them. The significant overlap between Natura 2000 sites and national protected areas induced an over-optimistic vision of the effectiveness and representativeness of existing Natura 2000 network for species found in Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive. These results represent a key step in identifying core areas for the protection of mammal diversity and dispersal corridors for improved connectivity, and to guide future conservation efforts in increasing the effectiveness of the existing protected areas in the context of environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia V Miu
- University of Bucharest, Center for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, 1 N. Balcescu, 010041, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel B Chisamera
- National Museum of Natural History Grigore Antipa, 1 Kiseleff Blvd., 011341, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel D Popescu
- University of Bucharest, Center for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, 1 N. Balcescu, 010041, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Ruben Iosif
- University Ovidius Constanţa, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agricultural Sciences, 1 Al. Universităţii, corp B, 900470, Constanţa, Romania
| | - Andreea Nita
- University of Bucharest, Center for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, 1 N. Balcescu, 010041, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Steluta Manolache
- University of Bucharest, Center for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, 1 N. Balcescu, 010041, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel D Gavril
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, 91-95 Splaiul Independenței, 050095, Bucharest, Romania.,Romanian Academy, Institute of Biology, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Cobzaru
- Romanian Academy, Institute of Biology, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Rozylowicz
- University of Bucharest, Center for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, 1 N. Balcescu, 010041, Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Haque MDM, Nipperess DA, Baumgartner JB, Beaumont LJ. A journey through time: exploring temporal patterns amongst digitized plant specimens from Australia. SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1472674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MD. Mohasinul Haque
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - David A. Nipperess
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - John B. Baumgartner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Linda J. Beaumont
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
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13
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Bou Dagher-Kharrat M, El Zein H, Rouhan G. Setting conservation priorities for Lebanese flora—Identification of important plant areas. J Nat Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Understanding the Processes Underpinning Patterns of Phylogenetic Regionalization. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:845-860. [PMID: 28919204 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A key step in understanding the distribution of biodiversity is the grouping of regions based on their shared elements. Historically, regionalization schemes have been largely species centric. Recently, there has been interest in incorporating phylogenetic information into regionalization schemes. Phylogenetic regionalization can provide novel insights into the mechanisms that generate, distribute, and maintain biodiversity. We argue that four processes (dispersal limitation, extinction, speciation, and niche conservatism) underlie the formation of species assemblages into phylogenetically distinct biogeographic units. We outline how it can be possible to distinguish among these processes, and identify centers of evolutionary radiation, museums of diversity, and extinction hotspots. We suggest that phylogenetic regionalization provides a rigorous and objective classification of regional diversity and enhances our knowledge of biodiversity patterns.
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15
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Diserens TA, Borowik T, Nowak S, Szewczyk M, Niedźwiecka N, Mysłajek RW. Deficiencies in Natura 2000 for protecting recovering large carnivores: A spotlight on the wolf Canis lupus in Poland. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184144. [PMID: 28873090 PMCID: PMC5584752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
If protected areas are to remain relevant in our dynamic world they must be adapted to changes in species ranges. In the EU one of the most notable such changes is the recent recovery of large carnivores, which are protected by Natura 2000 at the national and population levels. However, the Natura 2000 network was designed prior to their recent recovery, which raises the question whether the network is sufficient to protect the contemporary ranges of large carnivores. To investigate this question we evaluated Natura 2000 coverage of the three wolf Canis lupus populations in Poland. Wolf tracking data showed that wolves have recolonised almost all suitable habitat in Poland (as determined by a recent habitat suitability model), so we calculated the overlap between the Natura 2000 network and all wolf habitat in Poland. On the basis of published Natura 2000 criteria, we used 20% as the minimum required coverage. At the national level, wolves are sufficiently protected (22% coverage), but at the population level, the Baltic and Carpathian populations are far better protected (28 and 47%, respectively) than the endangered Central European Lowland population (12%). As Natura 2000 insufficiently protects the most endangered wolf population in Poland, we recommend expansion of Natura 2000 to protect at least an additional 8% of wolf habitat in western Poland, and discuss which specific forests are most in need of additional coverage. Implementation of these actions will have positive conservation implications and help Poland to fulfil its Habitats Directive obligations. As it is likely that similar gaps in Natura 2000 are arising in other EU member states experiencing large carnivore recoveries, particularly in Central Europe, we make the case for a flexible approach to Natura 2000 and suggest that such coverage evaluations may be beneficial elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A. Diserens
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomasz Borowik
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Sabina Nowak
- Association for Nature “Wolf”, Twardorzeczka, Poland
| | - Maciej Szewczyk
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Robert W. Mysłajek
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Panigada S, Donovan GP, Druon JN, Lauriano G, Pierantonio N, Pirotta E, Zanardelli M, Zerbini AN, di Sciara GN. Satellite tagging of Mediterranean fin whales: working towards the identification of critical habitats and the focussing of mitigation measures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3365. [PMID: 28611466 PMCID: PMC5469747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean fin whales comprise a genetically distinct population, listed as Vulnerable (VU) in the IUCN Red List. Collisions with vessels are believed to represent the main cause of human-induced mortality. The identification of critical habitats (including migration routes) incorporating satellite telemetry data is therefore crucial to develop focussed conservation efforts. Between 2012 and 2015 thirteen fin whales were equipped with satellite transmitters, 8 in the Pelagos Sanctuary (although two ceased within two days) and 5 in the Strait of Sicily, to evaluate movements and habitat use. A hierarchical switching state-space model was used to identify transiting and area-restricted search (ARS) behaviours, believed to indicate foraging activities. All whales undertook mid- to long-distance migrations, crossing some of the world's busiest maritime routes. Areas where the animals predominantly engaged in ARS behaviour were identified in both study areas. The telemetry data were compared with results from ecosystem niche modelling, and showed that 80% of tagged whale positions was near (<7 km) the closest suitable habitat. The results contribute to the view that precautionary management should include establishment of a coordinated and dynamic basin-wide management scheme; if appropriate, this may include the establishment of protected areas by specific regional Conventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Panigada
- Tethys Research Institute, c/o Acquario Civico, Viale G.B. Gadio 2, 20121, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gregory P Donovan
- International Whaling Commission, The Red House, 135 Station Road, Impington, CB24 9NP, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Noël Druon
- European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via Fermi, TP 051, 21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - Giancarlo Lauriano
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research - ISPRA, Via V. Brancati 60, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Nino Pierantonio
- Tethys Research Institute, c/o Acquario Civico, Viale G.B. Gadio 2, 20121, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Pirotta
- School of Mathematics, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Margherita Zanardelli
- Tethys Research Institute, c/o Acquario Civico, Viale G.B. Gadio 2, 20121, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandre N Zerbini
- National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center - NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA, 98115-6349, USA
- Cascadia Research Collective, Olympia, WA, USA
- Instituto Aqualie, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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17
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Tulloch VJ, Klein CJ, Jupiter SD, Tulloch AIT, Roelfsema C, Possingham HP. Trade-offs between data resolution, accuracy, and cost when choosing information to plan reserves for coral reef ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 188:108-119. [PMID: 27940319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conservation planners must reconcile trade-offs associated with using biodiversity data of differing qualities to make decisions. Coarse habitat classifications are commonly used as surrogates to design marine reserve networks when fine-scale biodiversity data are incomplete or unavailable. Although finely-classified habitat maps provide more detail, they may have more misclassification errors, a common problem when remotely-sensed imagery is used. Despite these issues, planners rarely consider the effects of errors when choosing data for spatially explicit conservation prioritizations. Here we evaluate trade-offs between accuracy and resolution of hierarchical coral reef habitat data (geomorphology and benthic substrate) derived from remote sensing, in spatial planning for Kubulau District, Fiji. For both, we use accuracy information describing the probability that a mapped habitat classification is correct to design marine reserve networks that achieve habitat conservation targets, and demonstrate inadequacies of using habitat maps without accuracy data. We show that using more detailed habitat information ensures better representation of biogenic habitats (i.e. coral and seagrass), but leads to larger and more costly reserves, because these data have more misclassification errors, and are also more expensive to obtain. Reduced impacts on fishers are possible using coarsely-classified data, which are also more cost-effective for planning reserves if we account for data collection costs, but using these data may under-represent reef habitats that are important for fisheries and biodiversity, due to the maps low thematic resolution. Finally, we show that explicitly accounting for accuracy information in decisions maximizes the chance of successful conservation outcomes by reducing the risk of missing conservation representation targets, particularly when using finely classified data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivitskaia J Tulloch
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Carissa J Klein
- School of Geography, Planning, and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stacy D Jupiter
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, 11 Ma'afu St, Suva, Fiji
| | - Ayesha I T Tulloch
- School of Geography, Planning, and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Fenner School of Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Chris Roelfsema
- Biophysical Remote Sensing Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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18
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Sánchez de Dios R, Cabal Ruano C, Domínguez Lozano F, Sainz Ollero H, Moreno Saiz JC. The role of criteria in selecting important areas for conservation in biodiversity-rich territories. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rut Sánchez de Dios
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal I; Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; C/José Antonio Novais 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Ciro Cabal Ruano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal I; Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; C/José Antonio Novais 9 28040 Madrid Spain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton NJ USA
| | - Felipe Domínguez Lozano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal I; Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; C/José Antonio Novais 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Helios Sainz Ollero
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica); Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; C/Darwin 2 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno Saiz
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica); Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; C/Darwin 2 28049 Madrid Spain
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19
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Oliveira U, Paglia AP, Brescovit AD, Carvalho CJB, Silva DP, Rezende DT, Leite FSF, Batista JAN, Barbosa JPPP, Stehmann JR, Ascher JS, Vasconcelos MF, De Marco P, Löwenberg‐Neto P, Dias PG, Ferro VG, Santos AJ. The strong influence of collection bias on biodiversity knowledge shortfalls of
B
razilian terrestrial biodiversity. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ubirajara Oliveira
- Centro de Sensoriamento Remoto Instituto de Geociências Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG Av. Antonio Carlos 6627 CEP 31270‐901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG Av. Antonio Carlos 6627 CEP 31270‐901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Adriano Pereira Paglia
- Departamento de Biologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Antonio D. Brescovit
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Paiva Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Instituto Federal Goiano – IFGoiano Urutaí Goiás Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Sá Fortes Leite
- Laboratório Sagarana Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV Campus Florestal Florestal MG Brazil
| | - João Aguiar Nogueira Batista
- Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | | | - João Renato Stehmann
- Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - John S. Ascher
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - Marcelo Ferreira Vasconcelos
- Coleção Ornitológica Museu de Ciências Naturais Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Avenida Dom José Gaspar 290 CEP 30535‐901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
- Instituto Prístino Rua Santa Maria Goretti 86, Barreiro CEP 30642‐020 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Paulo De Marco
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia Goiás Brazil
| | | | | | - Viviane Gianluppi Ferro
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia Goiás Brazil
| | - Adalberto J. Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG Av. Antonio Carlos 6627 CEP 31270‐901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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20
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Meyer C, Weigelt P, Kreft H. Multidimensional biases, gaps and uncertainties in global plant occurrence information. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:992-1006. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Meyer
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Conservation Biogeography Group; Faculty of Forest Sciences; University of Göttingen; Büsgenweg 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Synthesis Centre (sDiv); German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Conservation Biogeography Group; Faculty of Forest Sciences; University of Göttingen; Büsgenweg 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Conservation Biogeography Group; Faculty of Forest Sciences; University of Göttingen; Büsgenweg 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
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21
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Tye CA, McCleery RA, Fletcher RJ, Greene DU, Butryn RS. Evaluating citizen vs. professional data for modelling distributions of a rare squirrel. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Tye
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Robert A. McCleery
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Robert J. Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Daniel U. Greene
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Ryan S. Butryn
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Gainesville FL 32601 USA
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22
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Eigenbrod F, Gonzalez P, Dash J, Steyl I. Vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change moderated by habitat intactness. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:275-286. [PMID: 25059822 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of climate change and habitat loss represent a major threat to species and ecosystems around the world. Here, we analyse the vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change based on current levels of habitat intactness and vulnerability to biome shifts, using multiple measures of habitat intactness at two spatial scales. We show that the global extent of refugia depends highly on the definition of habitat intactness and spatial scale of the analysis of intactness. Globally, 28% of terrestrial vegetated area can be considered refugia if all natural vegetated land cover is considered. This, however, drops to 17% if only areas that are at least 50% wilderness at a scale of 48×48 km are considered and to 10% if only areas that are at least 50% wilderness at a scale of 4.8×4.8 km are considered. Our results suggest that, in regions where relatively large, intact wilderness areas remain (e.g. Africa, Australia, boreal regions, South America), conservation of the remaining large-scale refugia is the priority. In human-dominated landscapes, (e.g. most of Europe, much of North America and Southeast Asia), focusing on finer scale refugia is a priority because large-scale wilderness refugia simply no longer exist. Action to conserve such refugia is particularly urgent since only 1 to 2% of global terrestrial vegetated area is classified as refugia and at least 50% covered by the global protected area network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Eigenbrod
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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23
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Pardo I, Pata MP, Gómez D, García MB. A novel method to handle the effect of uneven sampling effort in biodiversity databases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52786. [PMID: 23326357 PMCID: PMC3543413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How reliable are results on spatial distribution of biodiversity based on databases? Many studies have evidenced the uncertainty related to this kind of analysis due to sampling effort bias and the need for its quantification. Despite that a number of methods are available for that, little is known about their statistical limitations and discrimination capability, which could seriously constrain their use. We assess for the first time the discrimination capacity of two widely used methods and a proposed new one (FIDEGAM), all based on species accumulation curves, under different scenarios of sampling exhaustiveness using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses. Additionally, we examine to what extent the output of each method represents the sampling completeness in a simulated scenario where the true species richness is known. Finally, we apply FIDEGAM to a real situation and explore the spatial patterns of plant diversity in a National Park. FIDEGAM showed an excellent discrimination capability to distinguish between well and poorly sampled areas regardless of sampling exhaustiveness, whereas the other methods failed. Accordingly, FIDEGAM values were strongly correlated with the true percentage of species detected in a simulated scenario, whereas sampling completeness estimated with other methods showed no relationship due to null discrimination capability. Quantifying sampling effort is necessary to account for the uncertainty in biodiversity analyses, however, not all proposed methods are equally reliable. Our comparative analysis demonstrated that FIDEGAM was the most accurate discriminator method in all scenarios of sampling exhaustiveness, and therefore, it can be efficiently applied to most databases in order to enhance the reliability of biodiversity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Pardo
- Conservation of Biodiversity, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain.
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24
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D'Amen M, Bombi P, Campanaro A, Zapponi L, Bologna MA, Mason F. Protected areas and insect conservation: questioning the effectiveness of Natura 2000 network for saproxylic beetles in Italy. Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Mason
- Corpo Forestale dello Stato; Centro Nazionale Biodiversità Forestale ‘Bosco Fontana’; Verona; Italy
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25
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Fulton CJ, Starrs D, Ruibal MP, Ebner BC. Counting crayfish: active searching and baited cameras trump conventional hoop netting in detecting Euastacus armatus. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2012. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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26
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Kaschner K, Quick NJ, Jewell R, Williams R, Harris CM. Global coverage of cetacean line-transect surveys: status quo, data gaps and future challenges. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44075. [PMID: 22984461 PMCID: PMC3440399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of abundance, trends and distribution of cetacean populations is needed to inform marine conservation efforts, ecosystem models and spatial planning. We compiled a geo-spatial database of published data on cetacean abundance from dedicated visual line-transect surveys and encoded >1100 abundance estimates for 47 species from 430 surveys conducted worldwide from 1975-2005. Our subsequent analyses revealed large spatial, temporal and taxonomic variability and gaps in survey coverage. With the exception of Antarctic waters, survey coverage was biased toward the northern hemisphere, especially US and northern European waters. Overall, <25% of the world's ocean surface was surveyed and only 6% had been covered frequently enough (≥ 5 times) to allow trend estimation. Almost half the global survey effort, defined as total area (km(2)) covered by all survey study areas across time, was concentrated in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Neither the number of surveys conducted nor the survey effort had increased in recent years. Across species, an average of 10% of a species' predicted range had been covered by at least one survey, but there was considerable variation among species. With the exception of three delphinid species, <1% of all species' ranges had been covered frequently enough for trend analysis. Sperm whales emerged from our analyses as a relatively data-rich species. This is a notoriously difficult species to survey visually, and we use this as an example to illustrate the challenges of using available data from line-transect surveys for the detection of trends or for spatial planning. We propose field and analytical methods to fill in data gaps to improve cetacean conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kaschner
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Lab, Institute for Biology I Zoology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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27
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Rodrigues ASL, Grenyer R, Baillie JEM, Bininda-Emonds ORP, Gittlemann JL, Hoffmann M, Safi K, Schipper J, Stuart SN, Brooks T. Complete, accurate, mammalian phylogenies aid conservation planning, but not much. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 366:2652-60. [PMID: 21844044 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of unprecedented global biodiversity loss, conservation planning must balance between refining and deepening knowledge versus acting on current information to preserve species and communities. Phylogenetic diversity (PD), a biodiversity measure that takes into account the evolutionary relationships between species, is arguably a more meaningful measure of biodiversity than species diversity, but cannot yet be applied to conservation planning for the majority of taxa for which phylogenetic trees have not yet been developed. Here, we investigate how the quality of data on the taxonomy and/or phylogeny of species affects the results of spatial conservation planning in terms of the representation of overall mammalian PD. The results show that the better the quality of the biodiversity data the better they can serve as a basis for conservation planning. However, decisions based on incomplete data are remarkably robust across different levels of degrading quality concerning the description of new species and the availability of phylogenetic information. Thus, given the level of urgency and the need for action, conservation planning can safely make use of the best available systematic data, limited as these data may be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S L Rodrigues
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR5175, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France.
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28
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Bombi P, Luiselli L, D’Amen M. When the method for mapping species matters: defining priority areas for conservation of African freshwater turtles. DIVERS DISTRIB 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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29
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Droissart V, Hardy OJ, Sonké B, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Stévart T. Subsampling Herbarium Collections to Assess Geographic Diversity Gradients: A Case Study with Endemic Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae in Cameroon. Biotropica 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Thompson BA. Planning for Implementation: Landscape-Level Restoration Planning in an Agricultural Setting. Restor Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2010.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Mandelik Y, Roll U, Fleischer A. Cost-efficiency of biodiversity indicators for Mediterranean ecosystems and the effects of socio-economic factors. J Appl Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Many of the most interesting questions ecologists ask lead to analyses of spatial data. Yet, perhaps confused by the large number of statistical models and fitting methods available, many ecologists seem to believe this is best left to specialists. Here, we describe the issues that need consideration when analysing spatial data and illustrate these using simulation studies. Our comparative analysis involves using methods including generalized least squares, spatial filters, wavelet revised models, conditional autoregressive models and generalized additive mixed models to estimate regression coefficients from synthetic but realistic data sets, including some which violate standard regression assumptions. We assess the performance of each method using two measures and using statistical error rates for model selection. Methods that performed well included generalized least squares family of models and a Bayesian implementation of the conditional auto-regressive model. Ordinary least squares also performed adequately in the absence of model selection, but had poorly controlled Type I error rates and so did not show the improvements in performance under model selection when using the above methods. Removing large-scale spatial trends in the response led to poor performance. These are empirical results; hence extrapolation of these findings to other situations should be performed cautiously. Nevertheless, our simulation-based approach provides much stronger evidence for comparative analysis than assessments based on single or small numbers of data sets, and should be considered a necessary foundation for statements of this type in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Beale
- The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.
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Clemens RS, Weston MA, Haslem A, Silcocks A, Ferris J. Identification of significant shorebird areas: thresholds and criteria. DIVERS DISTRIB 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Underwood JG, D'Agrosa C, Gerber LR. Identifying conservation areas on the basis of alternative distribution data sets. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2010; 24:162-170. [PMID: 19659686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Distribution data on biodiversity features is a major component of conservation planning that are often inaccurate; thus, the true distribution of each feature is commonly over- or underrepresented. The selection of distribution data sets may therefore lead to variability in the spatial configuration and size of proposed reserve networks and uncertainty regarding the extent to which these networks actually contain the biodiversity features they were identified to protect. Our goals were to investigate the impact on reserve selection of choosing different distribution data sets and to propose novel methods to minimize uncertainty about target attainment within reserves. To do so, we used common prioritization methods (richness mapping, systematic reserve design, and a novel approach that integrates multiple types of distribution data) and three types of data on the distribution of mammals (predicted distribution models, occurrence records, and a novel combination of the two) to simulate the establishment of regional biodiversity reserves for the state of Arizona (U.S.A.). Using the results of these simulations, we explored variability in reserve placement and size as a function of the distribution data set. Spatial overlap of reserve networks identified with only predicted distribution data or only occurrence distribution data never exceeded 16%. In pairwise comparisons between reserves created with all three types of distribution data, overlap never achieved 50%. The reserve size required to meet conservation targets also varied with the type of distribution data used and the conservation goal; the largest reserve system was 10 times the smallest. Our results highlight the impact of employing different types of distribution data and identify novel tools for application to existing distribution data sets that can minimize uncertainty about target attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared G Underwood
- Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, College & University Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287-1501, USA
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Grouios CP, Manne LL. Utility of measuring abundance versus consistent occupancy in predicting biodiversity persistence. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2009; 23:1260-1269. [PMID: 19500122 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The primary goals of reserve selection are to represent all chosen units of biodiversity and to ensure their long-term persistence while minimizing costs. We considered two simple proxies of species persistence: a time series of point-count data to calculate abundance and a time series of presence-absence data to calculate permanence (a measure of consistent occupancy over time). Using two 10-year intervals of data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, we compared the performance of each measure at predicting persistence 18 years later. For nonrare species, abundance and permanence predicted persistence similarly well. We performed complementarity-based reserve selections with data on species abundance and permanence (from 1970 to 1979) and then evaluated the effectiveness of the reserve networks at maintaining species populations and efficiency in land use (data from 1997 to 2006). Abundance proved a better predictor of future local persistence than permanence, which justifies the relatively larger financial and temporal costs of collecting a time series of point-count data to estimate abundance. If future extinction events were used as a measure of reserve-network effectiveness, the performance of abundance and permanence did not differ markedly. Nevertheless, when future abundance, which is a more sensitive measure of network effectiveness, was used, abundance was significantly better than permanence at selecting longer-term, high-quality, species-specific habitat but required larger reserves to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Grouios
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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Grantham HS, Wilson KA, Moilanen A, Rebelo T, Possingham HP. Delaying conservation actions for improved knowledge: how long should we wait? Ecol Lett 2009; 12:293-301. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Esler KJ, van Wilgen BW, te Roller KS, Wood AR, van der Merwe JH. A landscape-scale assessment of the long-term integrated control of an invasive shrub in South Africa. Biol Invasions 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Beech T, Dowd M, Field C, Hatcher B, Andréfouët S. A stochastic approach to marine reserve design: Incorporating data uncertainty. ECOL INFORM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grantham HS, Moilanen A, Wilson KA, Pressey RL, Rebelo TG, Possingham HP. Diminishing return on investment for biodiversity data in conservation planning. Conserv Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263x.2008.00029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Claudet J, Osenberg CW, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Domenici P, García-Charton JA, Pérez-Ruzafa A, Badalamenti F, Bayle-Sempere J, Brito A, Bulleri F, Culioli JM, Dimech M, Falcón JM, Guala I, Milazzo M, Sánchez-Meca J, Somerfield PJ, Stobart B, Vandeperre F, Valle C, Planes S. Marine reserves: size and age do matter. Ecol Lett 2008; 11:481-9. [PMID: 18294212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Claudet
- Centre of Tropical and Mediterranean Biology and Ecology, EPHE-CNRS UMR 5244, University of Perpignan, 66860 Perpignan cedex, France.
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Soria-Auza RW, Kessler M. The influence of sampling intensity on the perception of the spatial distribution of tropical diversity and endemism: a case study of ferns from Bolivia. DIVERS DISTRIB 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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