1
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Hoy SR, Vucetich JA, Peterson RO. The Role of Wolves in Regulating a Chronic Non-communicable Disease, Osteoarthritis, in Prey Populations. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.819137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that predators disproportionately prey on individuals that are old, weak, diseased or injured. By selectively removing individuals with diseases, predators may play an important role in regulating the overall health of prey populations. However, that idea is seldom tested empirically. Here we assess the extent that wolves (Canis lupus) select adult moose (Alces alces) in Isle Royale National Park on the basis of age-class and osteoarthritis, a chronic, non-communicable disease. We also assess how temporal variation in kill rates (on moose by wolves) were associated with the subsequent incidence of osteoarthritis in the moose population over a 33-year period (1975–2007). Wolves showed strong selection for senescent moose and tended to avoid prime-aged adults. However, the presence of severe osteoarthritis, but not mild or moderate osteoarthritis, appeared to increase the vulnerability of prime-aged moose to predation. There was weak evidence to suggest that senescent moose with osteoarthritis maybe more vulnerable to wolves, compared to senescent moose without the disease. The incidence of osteoarthritis declined following years with higher kill rates–which is plausibly due to the selective removal of individuals with osteoarthritis. Together those results suggest that selective predation plays an important role in regulating the health of prey populations. Additionally, because osteoarthritis is influenced by genetic factors, these results highlight how wolf predation may act as a selective force against genes associated with developing severe osteoarthritis as a prime-aged adult. Our findings highlight one benefits of allowing predators to naturally regulate prey populations. The evidence we present for predation’s influence on the health of prey populations is also relevant for policy-related arguments about refraining from intensively hunting wolf populations.
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2
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Brown C, Rinaldi CE, Ripple WJ, Van Valkenburgh B. Skeletal and Dental Development Preserve Evidence of Energetic Stress in the Moose of Isle Royale. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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3
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Froy H, Börger L, Regan CE, Morris A, Morris S, Pilkington JG, Crawley MJ, Clutton-Brock TH, Pemberton JM, Nussey DH. Declining home range area predicts reduced late-life survival in two wild ungulate populations. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1001-1009. [PMID: 29656580 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Demographic senescence is increasingly recognised as an important force shaping the dynamics of wild vertebrate populations. However, our understanding of the processes that underpin these declines in survival and fertility in old age remains limited. Evidence for age-related changes in foraging behaviour and habitat use is emerging from wild vertebrate studies, but the extent to which these are driven by within-individual changes, and the consequences for fitness, remain unclear. Using longitudinal census observations collected over four decades from two long-term individual-based studies of unmanaged ungulates, we demonstrate consistent within-individual declines in home range area with age in adult females. In both systems, we found that within-individual decreases in home range area were associated with increased risk of mortality the following year. Our results provide the first evidence from the wild that age-related changes in space use are predictive of adult mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Froy
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Charlotte E Regan
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Alison Morris
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Sean Morris
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Jill G Pilkington
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Michael J Crawley
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | | | - Josephine M Pemberton
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Daniel H Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
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4
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Douhard F, Gaillard JM, Pellerin M, Jacob L, Lemaître JF. The cost of growing large: costs of post-weaning growth on body mass senescence in a wild mammal. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Douhard
- Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; FR-69622 Villeurbanne France
- UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants; INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Saclay; FR-75005 Paris France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; FR-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Maryline Pellerin
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage; DER, UR Cervidés-Sanglier; Paris France
| | - Laurent Jacob
- Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; FR-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; FR-69622 Villeurbanne France
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5
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Murphy NJ, Eyles JP, Hunter DJ. Hip Osteoarthritis: Etiopathogenesis and Implications for Management. Adv Ther 2016; 33:1921-1946. [PMID: 27671326 PMCID: PMC5083776 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly prevalent among the elderly, hip osteoarthritis (OA) carries a heavy burden of disease. Guidelines for the management of hip OA are often extrapolated from knee OA research, despite clear differences in the etiopathogenesis and response to treatments of OA at these sites. We propose that hip OA requires specific attention separate from other OA phenotypes. Our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of hip OA has seen significant advance over the last 15 years, since Ganz and colleagues proposed femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as an important etiological factor. This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of the etiopathogenesis of hip OA and identifies areas requiring further research. Therapeutic approaches for hip OA are considered in light of the condition’s etiopathogenesis. The evidence for currently adopted management strategies is considered, especially those approaches that may have disease-modifying potential. We propose that shifting the focus of hip OA research and public health intervention to primary prevention and early detection may greatly improve the current management paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Murphy
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Reserve Road, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Jillian P Eyles
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Reserve Road, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Reserve Road, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
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6
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Lawler D, Becker J, Reetz J, Goodmann P, Evans R, Rubin D, Tangredi B, Widga C, Sackman J, Martin T, Kohn L, Smith G. Pathology of Gray Wolf Shoulders: Lessons in Species and Aging. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1338-47. [PMID: 27415465 PMCID: PMC7159715 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined scapula glenoids (n = 14) and proximal articular humeri (n = 14) of seven gray wolves that were maintained in a sanctuary park setting. Immediately after death, observations were made visually in situ and by radiography. Further observations were made in a museum laboratory setting, prior to and following clearing of soft tissues. Selected dry bone specimens were evaluated using computed tomography. Significant cartilage erosion and osteoarthropathy were identified in all shoulder joints. No single evaluation method yielded maximal information. Plain film radiography revealed only more severe changes. Computed tomography yielded more detail and clarity than standard radiography. Direct examination of articular cartilage informed about joint soft tissue, and dry bone informed about externally visible bone pathology. These data provide a basis for biological, biomedical, ecological, and archaeological scientists to improve retrospective interpretations of bone lesions. They further support developing plausible differential diagnoses for features of ancient and modern animal bones. We noted a dog‐like capacity for wolf longevity in a non‐free‐roaming environment. However, aged wolves' life spans far exceeded those of similar‐sized domestic dogs and breeds, suggesting the possibility of an important species difference that should be explored. We suggest also a hypothesis that the driving force for joint pathology in sheltered non‐domestic species may relate significantly to achieving the longevity that is possible biologically, but is uncommon in the wild because of differential stochastic influences. Anat Rec, 299:1338–1347, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lawler
- Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center, 1011 E Ash St., Springfield, Illinois, 62703. .,Pacific Marine Mammal Center, 20612 Laguna Canyon Rd., Laguna Beach, California, 92651.
| | - Julia Becker
- Tippecanoe Animal Hospital, 3818 State Rd. 38 E, Lafayette, Indiana, 47905
| | - Jennifer Reetz
- Department of Clinical Studies School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Pat Goodmann
- Wolf Park, 4004 E 800 N, Battle Ground, Indiana, 47920
| | - Richard Evans
- Pacific Marine Mammal Center, 20612 Laguna Canyon Rd., Laguna Beach, California, 92651
| | - David Rubin
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Box 8131), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Basil Tangredi
- Department of Biology, Green Mountain College, Poultney, Vermont, 05764
| | - Christopher Widga
- Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center, 1011 E Ash St., Springfield, Illinois, 62703
| | - Jill Sackman
- Numerof & Associates, Inc, Four City Place Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, 63141
| | - Terrence Martin
- Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center, 1011 E Ash St., Springfield, Illinois, 62703
| | - Luci Kohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois, 62026
| | - Gail Smith
- Department of Clinical Studies School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
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7
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Hayward AD, Moorad J, Regan CE, Berenos C, Pilkington JG, Pemberton JM, Nussey DH. Asynchrony of senescence among phenotypic traits in a wild mammal population. Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:56-68. [PMID: 26277618 PMCID: PMC4661475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The degree to which changes in lifespan are coupled to changes in senescence in different physiological systems and phenotypic traits is a central question in biogerontology. It is underpinned by deeper biological questions about whether or not senescence is a synchronised process, or whether levels of synchrony depend on species or environmental context. Understanding how natural selection shapes patterns of synchrony in senescence across physiological systems and phenotypic traits demands the longitudinal study of many phenotypes under natural conditions. Here, we examine the patterns of age-related variation in late adulthood in a wild population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries) that have been the subject of individual-based monitoring for thirty years. We examined twenty different phenotypic traits in both males and females, encompassing vital rates (survival and fecundity), maternal reproductive performance (offspring birth weight, birth date and survival), male rutting behaviour, home range measures, parasite burdens, and body mass. We initially quantified age-related variation in each trait having controlled for annual variation in the environment, among-individual variation and selective disappearance effects. We then standardised our age-specific trait means and tested whether age trajectories could be meaningfully grouped according to sex or the type of trait. Whilst most traits showed age-related declines in later life, we found striking levels of asynchrony both within and between the sexes. Of particular note, female fecundity and reproductive performance declined with age, but male annual reproductive success did not. We also discovered that whilst home range size and quality decline with age in females, home range size increases with age in males. Our findings highlight the complexity of phenotypic ageing under natural conditions and, along with emerging data from other wild populations and laboratory models, suggest that the long-standing hypothesis within evolutionary biology that fitness-related traits should senesce in a synchronous manner is seriously flawed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Hayward
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Moorad
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E Regan
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Camillo Berenos
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jill G Pilkington
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine M Pemberton
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel H Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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8
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Arthur C, Watt K, Nussey DH, Pemberton JM, Pilkington JG, Herman JS, Timmons ZL, Clements DN, Scott PR. Osteoarthritis of the temporo-mandibular joint in free-living Soay sheep on St Kilda. Vet J 2014; 203:120-5. [PMID: 25458883 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease of synovial joints with the potential to cause pathology and welfare issues in both domestic and wild ruminants. Previous work has identified OA of the elbow joint in domestic sheep, but the prevalence of OA of the jaw and in particular the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has not been previously reported. Following up a previous report of a single case of TMJ OA in a free-living population of Soay sheep on St Kilda in the Outer Hebrides, an archive of 2736 jaw bones collected from this population between 1985 and 2010 was surveyed. Evidence of TMJ OA was found in 35 sheep. Of these, 15 cases were unilateral (11 right side, 4 left side) and the remaining 20 were bilateral. TMJ pathology was much more common in females than males: only 3/35 cases were in males, with overall prevalence at 2.3% for females and 0.2% in males. Radiographic examination of TMJ with OA revealed extensive bone re-modelling with osteophytosis, particularly of the condyle of the mandible. There was a highly significant age-dependence in TMJ OA incidence among age classes: 30/35 cases occurred in geriatric sheep (aged 7 years or more; 11.1% prevalence within this age class), four in adults (2-6 years old; 0.9% prevalence), one in yearlings (0.3% prevalence) and none in lambs. The low incidence in males was confounded by sex differences in longevity: while 18% of females sampled died in the geriatric age class, only 2% of males did so. Although the low prevalence of the pathology limited the ability to test its association with other traits, it was possible to examine relationships with reproductive performance measures amongst geriatric females with and without TMJ OA. Although there were trends towards lower fecundity and lower lamb birth weight in the breeding season prior to death, these were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Arthur
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Kathryn Watt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Daniel H Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Josephine M Pemberton
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Jill G Pilkington
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Jeremy S Herman
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK
| | - Zena L Timmons
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK
| | - Dylan N Clements
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Philip R Scott
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK.
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9
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability and its incidence is rising due to increasing obesity and an ageing population. Risk factors can be divided into person-level factors, such as age, sex, obesity, genetics, race/ethnicity and diet, and joint-level factors including injury, malalignment and abnormal loading of the joints. The interaction of these risk factors is complex and provides a challenge to the managing physician. The purpose of this review is to illustrate how each of these factors interact together to instigate incident OA as well as to outline the need for ongoing epidemiologic studies for the future prevention of both incident and progressive OA. It is only by understanding the impact of this disease and the modifiable risk factors that we will be able to truly target public health prevention interventions appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Hunter
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital and Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Montgomery RA, Vucetich JA, Roloff GJ, Bump JK, Peterson RO. Where wolves kill moose: the influence of prey life history dynamics on the landscape ecology of predation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91414. [PMID: 24622241 PMCID: PMC3951347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The landscape ecology of predation is well studied and known to be influenced by habitat heterogeneity. Little attention has been given to how the influence of habitat heterogeneity on the landscape ecology of predation might be modulated by life history dynamics of prey in mammalian systems. We demonstrate how life history dynamics of moose (Alces alces) contribute to landscape patterns in predation by wolves (Canis lupus) in Isle Royale National Park, Lake Superior, USA. We use pattern analysis and kernel density estimates of moose kill sites to demonstrate that moose in senescent condition and moose in prime condition tend to be wolf-killed in different regions of Isle Royale in winter. Predation on senescent moose was clustered in one kill zone in the northeast portion of the island, whereas predation on prime moose was clustered in 13 separate kill zones distributed throughout the full extent of the island. Moreover, the probability of kill occurrence for senescent moose, in comparison to prime moose, increased in high elevation habitat with patches of dense coniferous trees. These differences can be attributed, at least in part, to senescent moose being more vulnerable to predation and making different risk-sensitive habitat decisions than prime moose. Landscape patterns emerging from prey life history dynamics and habitat heterogeneity have been observed in the predation ecology of fish and insects, but this is the first mammalian system for which such observations have been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Montgomery
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John A. Vucetich
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Roloff
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Joseph K. Bump
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rolf O. Peterson
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States of America
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11
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Benson J, Patterson B. Moose (Alces alces) predation by eastern coyotes (Canis latrans) and eastern coyote × eastern wolf (Canis latrans × Canis lycaon) hybrids. CAN J ZOOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2013-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely assumed that coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) are incapable of killing adult moose (Alces alces (L., 1758)) and previous studies of coyote predation support this assumption. However, eastern coyotes and eastern coyote × eastern wolf (Canis lycaon Schreber, 1775) are larger than western coyotes and appear to rely on larger prey in some areas. We used a combination of GPS telemetry, genetic analysis, and field investigation to test the hypothesis that eastern coyotes and coyote × wolf hybrids are capable of preying on adult moose in central Ontario. Our hypothesis was supported, as we documented four definitive cases of eastern coyotes and (or) eastern coyote × eastern wolf hybrids killing moose ≥1.5 years old. Predation by coyotes and coyote × wolf hybrids probably does not represent a threat to moose population viability in central Ontario, but our results suggest that researchers and managers in other areas with declining moose populations that are sympatric with eastern coyotes and (or) coyote × wolf hybrids should consider coyote predation as a potential source of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Benson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - B.R. Patterson
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Wildlife Research and Development Section, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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12
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Massot M, Aragón P. Phenotypic resonance from a single meal in an insectivorous lizard. Curr Biol 2013; 23:1320-3. [PMID: 23831289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variations are usually thought to require a nonanecdotal intensity or duration to have major effects on individuals and evolutionary outputs. However, environmental variations of weak intensity and short duration could be of major importance when they influence key targets or critical stages. Because conditions experienced early in life can be critical determinants of life history trajectories, especially early nutrition, we tested this hypothesis by experimentally manipulating the first meal of life in the lizard Zootoca vivipara. The species is a live-bearing lizard without parental care, and it consumes small arthropods. Neonates face a great challenge in acquiring their first meal, as is the case in many species that develop skills through learning to capture live prey. We show that this single meal had an overall and long-lasting impact. Effects on dispersal arose within 10 days, and we found effects 1-2 months later on growth, recapture probability, and juvenile survival. Interestingly, we detected effects on reproduction up to 2 years later. Such a "phenotypic resonance" reveals that the influence of small and ephemeral events should not be neglected by evolutionary biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Massot
- Laboratoire Ecologie & Evolution, CNRS-UPMC, UMR 7625, 75005 Paris, France.
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13
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Montgomery RA, Vucetich JA, Peterson RO, Roloff GJ, Millenbah KF. The influence of winter severity, predation and senescence on moose habitat use. J Anim Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John A. Vucetich
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science; Michigan Technological University; Houghton; MI; 49931; USA
| | - Rolf O. Peterson
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science; Michigan Technological University; Houghton; MI; 49931; USA
| | - Gary J. Roloff
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing; MI; 48824; USA
| | - Kelly F. Millenbah
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University; East Lansing; MI; 48824; USA
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14
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Selman C, Blount JD, Nussey DH, Speakman JR. Oxidative damage, ageing, and life-history evolution: where now? Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:570-7. [PMID: 22789512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The idea that resources are limited and animals can maximise fitness by trading costly activities off against one another forms the basis of life-history theory. Although investment in reproduction or growth negatively affects survival, the mechanisms underlying such trade-offs remain obscure. One plausible mechanism is oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we critically evaluate the premise that ROS-induced oxidative damage shapes life history, focussing on birds and mammals, and highlight the importance of ecological studies examining free-living animals within this experimental framework. We conclude by emphasising the value of using multiple assays to determine oxidative protection and damage. We also highlight the importance of using standardised and appropriate protocols, and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Selman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
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15
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Nussey DH, Coulson T, Delorme D, Clutton-Brock TH, Pemberton JM, Festa-Bianchet M, Gaillard JM. Patterns of body mass senescence and selective disappearance differ among three species of free-living ungulates. Ecology 2011; 92:1936-47. [PMID: 22073785 DOI: 10.1890/11-0308.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Declines in survival and reproduction with age are prevalent in wild vertebrates, but we know little about longitudinal changes in behavioral, morphological, or physiological variables that may explain these demographic declines. We compared age-related variation in body mass of adult females in three free-living ungulate populations that have been the focus of long-term, individual-based research: bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) at Ram Mountain, Canada; roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) at Trois Fontaines, France; and Soay sheep (Ovis aries) on St. Kilda, Scotland. We use two recently proposed approaches to separate contributions to age-dependent variation at the population level from within-individual changes and between-individual selective disappearance. Selective disappearance of light individuals in all three populations was most evident at the youngest and oldest ages. In later adulthood, bighorn sheep and roe deer showed a continuous decline in body mass that accelerated with age while Soay sheep showed a precipitous decrease in mass in the two years preceding death. Our results highlight the importance of mass loss in explaining within-individual demographic declines in later adulthood in natural populations. They also reveal that the pattern of senescence, and potentially also the processes underlying demographic declines in late life, can differ markedly across related species with similar life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, The Kings' Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We discuss recent published epidemiologic data regarding risk factors for incident and progressive knee osteoarthritis and related knee pain to identify targets for primary and secondary prevention. We also discuss recently identified methodologic challenges to the study of knee osteoarthritis, particularly osteoarthritis progression. RECENT FINDINGS Recent epidemiologic studies and systematic reviews of knee osteoarthritis have confirmed that being overweight and obese, and knee injuries increase the risk for incident knee osteoarthritis. Biomechanical risk factors such as leg-length inequalities and malalignment require further study. Obesity also appears to play a role in accelerating osteoarthritis worsening. However, with the exception of malalignment, no risk factors for knee osteoarthritis progression have been identified. Novel approaches to the study of knee pain have demonstrated a strong association between structural abnormalities and knee pain, contrary to the 'so-called' structure-symptom discordance, as well as between fluctuations of knee pain with changes in specific structural lesions. A number of methodologic issues, including conditioning on an intermediate stage of disease and depletion of susceptibles may explain, in part, the difficulty in identifying risk factors for knee osteoarthritis. SUMMARY There is strong epidemiologic evidence that being overweight or obese and knee injury are associated with increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. Further study is required to confirm associations of leg-length inequality and malalignment with incident knee osteoarthritis. Few new risk factors for progression of knee osteoarthritis have been identified in the past few years. Without such knowledge, secondary prevention of osteoarthritis remains challenging.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2011; 23:219-26. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e3283448536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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