1
|
Velichkova S, Foubert K, Theunis M, Pieters L. HILIC UPLC/ QTof MS Method Development for the Quantification of AGEs Inhibitors - Trouble Shooting Protocol. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:584-598. [PMID: 37415375 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230706120451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The paper reports an attempt to develop and validate a HILIC UPLC/ QTof MS method for quantifying N-ε-carboxymethyl-L-lysine (CML) in vitro, testing N-ε- carboxy[D2]methyl-L-lysine (d2-CML), and N-ε-carboxy[4,4,5,5-D4]methyl-L-lysine (d4-CML) as internal standards. METHODS During the method development, several challenging questions occurred that hindered the successful completion of the method. The study emphasizes the impact of issues, generally overlooked in the development of similar analytical protocols. For instance, the use of glassware and plasticware was critical for the accurate quantification of CML. Moreover, the origin of atypical variation in the response of the deuterated internal standards, though widely used in other experimental procedures, was investigated. RESULT A narrative description of the systematic approach used to address the various drawbacks during the analytical method development and validation is presented. CONCLUSION Reporting those findings can be considered beneficial while bringing an insightful notion about critical factors and potential interferences. Therefore, some conclusion and ideas can be drawn from these trouble-shooting questions, which might help other researchers to develop more reliable bioanalytical methods, or to raise their awareness of stumbling blocks along the way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefaniya Velichkova
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mart Theunis
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Simon Machado R, Mathias K, Joaquim L, Willig de Quadros R, Petronilho F, Tezza Rezin G. From diabetic hyperglycemia to cerebrovascular Damage: A narrative review. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148611. [PMID: 37793604 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a globally significant disease that can lead to systemic complications, particularly vascular damage, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of relevance. The physiological changes resulting from the imbalance in blood glucose levels play a crucial role in initiating vascular endothelial damage. Elevated glucose levels can also penetrate the central nervous system, triggering diabetic encephalopathy characterized by oxidative damage to brain components and activation of alternative and neurotoxic pathways. This brain damage increases the risk of ischemic stroke, a leading cause of mortality worldwide and a major cause of disability among surviving patients. The aim of this review is to highlight important pathways related to hyperglycemic damage that extend to the brain and result in vascular dysfunction, ultimately leading to the occurrence of a stroke. Understanding how diabetes mellitus contributes to the development of ischemic stroke and its impact on patient outcomes is crucial for implementing therapeutic strategies that reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus and its complications, ultimately decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Simon Machado
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
| | - Khiany Mathias
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Joaquim
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Willig de Quadros
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luna R, Talanki Manjunatha R, Bollu B, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C, Reddy N, Saha T, Gandhi F. A Comprehensive Review of Neuronal Changes in Diabetics. Cureus 2021; 13:e19142. [PMID: 34868777 PMCID: PMC8628358 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an exponential rise in diabetes mellitus (DM) cases on a global scale. Diabetes affects almost every system of the body, and the nervous system is no exception. Although the brain is dependent on glucose, providing it with the energy required for optimal functionality, glucose also plays a key role in the regulation of oxidative stress, cell death, among others, which furthermore contribute to the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. The variety of biochemical processes engaged in this process is only matched by the multitude of clinical consequences resulting from it. The wide-ranging effects on the central and peripheral nervous system include, but are not limited to axonopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, neurovascular diseases, and general cognitive impairment. All language search was conducted on MEDLINE, COCHRANE, EMBASE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR till September 2021. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) were used: "Diabetes Mellitus," "CNS," "Diabetic Neuropathy," and "Insulin." We explored the literature on diabetic neuropathy, covering its epidemiology, pathophysiology with the respective molecular pathways, clinical consequences with a special focus on the central nervous system and finally, measures to prevent and treat neuronal changes. Diabetes is slowly becoming an epidemic, rapidly increasing the clinical burden on account of its wide-ranging complications. This review focuses on the neuronal changes occurring in diabetes such as the impact of hyperglycemia on brain function and structure, its association with various neurological disorders, and a few diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathic changes. It is an attempt to summarize the relevant literature about neuronal consequences of DM as treatment options available today are mostly focused on achieving better glycemic control; further research on novel treatment options to prevent or delay the progression of neuronal changes is still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Luna
- Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, CDMX, MEX
| | | | | | | | - Chaithanya Avanthika
- Medicine and Surgery; Pediatrics, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IND
| | - Nikhil Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Kamineni Academy of Medical Science and Research Centre, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Tias Saha
- Internal Medicine, Diabetic Association Medical College, Faridpur, BGD
| | - Fenil Gandhi
- Medicine, Shree Krishna Hospital, Anand, IND
- Research Project Associate, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharifi-Zahabi E, Sharafabad FH, Abdollahzad H, Malekahmadi M, Rad NB. Circulating Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Soluble Receptors in Relation to All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2157-2171. [PMID: 34139010 PMCID: PMC8634502 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in the development of several age-related complications. The protective role of soluble receptors for AGEs (sRAGE) against deleterious effects of AGEs has been indicated in several studies. However, findings on the association of AGEs or sRAGE with mortality are equivocal. In this meta-analysis we aimed to present a quantitative estimation of the association between circulating AGEs or sRAGE and all-cause or cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. A comprehensive literature search was performed to determine relevant publications through the online databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 29 November 2020. Prospective observational studies assessing the association between circulating AGEs or sRAGE and all-cause or CVD mortality were included. Seven studies with a total of 3718 participants and 733 mortality cases (345 CVD deaths) were included in the meta-analysis for assessing the association between circulating AGEs and mortality. Our results showed that higher circulating AGEs were associated with increased risk of all-cause (pooled effect measure: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09; P = 0.018, I2 = 77.7%) and CVD mortality (pooled effect measure: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.14; P = 0.015, I2 = 80.2%), respectively. The association between sRAGE and mortality was assessed in 14 studies with a total of 16,335 participants and 2844 mortality cases (419 CVD deaths). Serum concentrations of sRAGE were not associated with the risk of all-cause mortality (pooled effect measure: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.01; P = 0.205, I2 = 75.5%), whereas there was a significant link between sRAGE and the risk of CVD mortality (pooled effect measure: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.04; P = 0.02, I2 = 78.9%). Our findings showed that a higher serum AGE concentration was associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition, higher circulating sRAGE was related to increased risk of CVD mortality. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021236559.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sharifi-Zahabi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadya Bahari Rad
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nie C, Li Y, Qian H, Ying H, Wang L. Advanced glycation end products in food and their effects on intestinal tract. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:3103-3115. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1863904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dewanjee S, Das S, Das AK, Bhattacharjee N, Dihingia A, Dua TK, Kalita J, Manna P. Molecular mechanism of diabetic neuropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:472-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
7
|
Borg DJ, Yap FYT, Keshvari S, Simmons DG, Gallo LA, Fotheringham AK, Zhuang A, Slattery RM, Hasnain SZ, Coughlan MT, Kantharidis P, Forbes JM. Perinatal exposure to high dietary advanced glycation end products in transgenic NOD8.3 mice leads to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Islets 2018; 10:10-24. [PMID: 29157116 PMCID: PMC5796486 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1405189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of environmental factors to pancreatic islet damage in type 1 diabetes remains poorly understood. In this study, we crossed mice susceptible to type 1 diabetes, where parental male (CD8+ T cells specific for IGRP206-214; NOD8.3) and female (NOD/ShiLt) mice were randomized to a diet either low or high in AGE content and maintained on this diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, NOD8.3+ female offspring were identified and maintained on the same parental feeding regimen for until day 28 of life. A low AGE diet, from conception to early postnatal life, decreased circulating AGE concentrations in the female offspring when compared to a high AGE diet. Insulin, proinsulin and glucagon secretion were greater in islets isolated from offspring in the low AGE diet group, which was akin to age matched non-diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Pancreatic islet expression of Ins2 gene was also higher in offspring from the low AGE diet group. Islet expression of glucagon, AGEs and the AGE receptor RAGE, were each reduced in low AGE fed offspring. Islet immune cell infiltration was also decreased in offspring exposed to a low AGE diet. Within pancreatic lymph nodes and spleen, the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not differ between groups. There were no significant changes in body weight, fasting glucose or glycemic hormones. This study demonstrates that reducing exposure to dietary AGEs throughout gestation, lactation and early postnatal life may benefit pancreatic islet secretion and immune infiltration in the type 1 diabetic susceptible mouse strain, NOD8.3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J. Borg
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute- The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Felicia Y. T. Yap
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Central and Eastern Clinical School, AMREP Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute- The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David G. Simmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Linda A. Gallo
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Amelia K. Fotheringham
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Aowen Zhuang
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robyn M. Slattery
- Department of Immunology, Central and Eastern Clinical School, AMREP Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute- The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melinda T. Coughlan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes Department, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes Department, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Josephine M. Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes Department, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
- Mater Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mehta V, Malairaman U. Flavonoids. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major healthcare problems faced by the society today and has become alarmingly epidemic in many parts of the world. Despite enormous knowledge and technology advancement, available diabetes therapeutics only provide symptomatic relief by reducing blood glucose level, thereby, just slows down development and progression of diabetes and its associated complications. Thus, the need of the day is to develop alternate strategies that can not only prevent the progression but also reverse already “set-in” diabetic complications. Many flavonoids are reported, traditionally as well as experimentally, to be beneficial in averting diabetes and lowering risk of its accompanying complications. In the present chapter we have convened different flavonoids beneficial in diabetes and comorbid complications and discussed their mechanisms of action. Further, we conclude that coupling current therapeutics with flavonoids might provide exceptional advantage in the management of diabetes and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Mehta
- Jaypee University of Information Technology, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jaisson S, Souchon PF, Desmons A, Salmon AS, Delemer B, Gillery P. Early Formation of Serum Advanced Glycation End-Products in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship with Glycemic Control. J Pediatr 2016; 172:56-62. [PMID: 26947567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify serum advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus and to determine their potential usefulness as retrospective indicators of glycemic balance. STUDY DESIGN Carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pentosidine concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 3 groups of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: group (Gr) 1, subjects included at disease onset (n = 36); Gr2, subjects with diabetes of 5 years duration (n = 48); Gr3, subjects with diabetes of 10 years duration and in control subjects (n = 33). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values were recorded over the entire course of treatment for assessing long-term glycemic balance. RESULTS Serum AGE concentrations were increased in all groups of subjects with diabetes compared with control subjects, but were highest in Gr1 (for CML: 0.155, 0.306, 0.219, and 0.224 mmol/mol Lys in control, Gr1, Gr2, and Gr3 subjects, respectively; for pentosidine: 312, 492, 365, and 403 nmol/mol Lys, respectively). AGE concentrations were closely correlated with HbA1c values (r = 0.78 for CML; r = 0.49 for pentosidine). In Gr2 and Gr3, the overall glycemic balance estimated by average HbA1c values was positively correlated with CML and pentosidine concentrations, especially in the first year of follow-up. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that AGE concentrations are elevated in serum at the time of diabetes mellitus diagnosis, suggesting that the deleterious role of AGEs in the development of long-term complications should be taken into account even at the initial stages of the disease. Moreover, in some circumstances, AGEs could serve as surrogate markers of HbA1c for monitoring glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Jaisson
- Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics Unit 7369, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique/Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims, Reims, France
| | | | - Aurore Desmons
- Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics Unit 7369, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique/Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salmon
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Brigitte Delemer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics Unit 7369, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique/Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims, Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee WJ, Sheu WHH, Liu SH, Yi YC, Chen WC, Lin SY, Liang KW, Shen CC, Yeh HY, Lin LY, Tsai YC, Tien HR, Lee MR, Yang TJ, Sheu ML. Nε-carboxymethyllysine-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes endothelial cell injury through Nox4/MKP-3 interaction. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:294-306. [PMID: 25014566 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N(ε)-carboxymethyllysine (CML) is an important driver of diabetic vascular complications and endothelial cell dysfunction. However, how CML dictates specific cellular responses and the roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases and ERK phosphorylation remain unclear. We examined whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization of MAPK phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) is critical in regulating ERK inactivation and promoting NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) activation in CML-induced endothelial cell injury. We demonstrated that serum CML levels were significantly increased in type 2 diabetes patients and diabetic animals. CML induced ER stress and apoptosis, reduced ERK activation, and increased MKP-3 protein activity in HUVECs and SVECs. MKP-3 siRNA transfection, but not that of MKP-1 or MKP-2, abolished the effects of CML on HUVECs. Nox4-mediated activation of MKP-3 regulated the switch to ERK dephosphorylation. CML also increased the integration of MKP-3 with ERK, which was blocked by silencing MKP-3. Exposure of antioxidants abolished CML-increased MKP-3 activity and protein expression. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of both MKP-3 and CML was increased, but phospho-ERK staining was decreased in the aortic endothelium of streptozotocin-induced and high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. Our results indicate that an MKP-3 pathway might regulate ERK dephosphorylation through Nox4 during CML-triggered endothelial cell dysfunction/injury, suggesting that therapeutic strategies targeting the Nox4/MKP-3 interaction or MKP-3 activation may have clinical implications for diabetic vascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Social Work, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, and National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Shen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Longtan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Yeh
- Department of Nutrition and Institute of Biomedical Nutrition and Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Lin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ru Tien
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jie Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, and National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
van Eupen MGA, Schram MT, Colhoun HM, Scheijen JLJM, Stehouwer CDA, Schalkwijk CG. Plasma levels of advanced glycation endproducts are associated with type 1 diabetes and coronary artery calcification. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:149. [PMID: 24134530 PMCID: PMC4015708 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) may play a role in the development of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We studied plasma AGEs in association with T1DM and CAC, and whether or not the latter association could be explained by low-grade inflammation (LGI) or endothelial dysfunction (ED). Methods We studied 165 individuals with and 169 without T1DM. CAC was quantified in a CAC score based on CT-scanning. Plasma levels of protein-bound pentosidine, Nϵ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and Nϵ-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) were measured with HPLC/UPLC with fluorescence detection or tandem-mass spectrometry. Tetrahydropyrimidine (THP) was measured with ELISA, as were HsCRP, and sVCAM-1 and vWF, as markers for LGI and ED, respectively. Associations were analyzed with ANCOVA and adjusted for age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, blood pressure, lipid profile, eGFR and T1DM. Results Individuals with T1DM had higher plasma levels of pentosidine, CML and THP compared with controls; means (95% CI) were 0.69 (0.65-0.73) vs. 0.51 (0.48-0.54) nmol/mmol LYS, p < 0.001; 105 (102–107) vs. 93 (90–95) nmol/mmol LYS, p < 0.001; and 126 (118–134) vs. 113 (106–120) U/mL, p = 0.03, respectively. Levels of pentosidine were higher in individuals with T1DM with a moderate to high compared with a low CAC score, means (95% CI) were 0.81 (0.70-0.93) vs. 0.67 (0.63-0.71) nmol/mmol LYS, p = 0.03, respectively. This difference was not attenuated by adjustment for LGI or ED. Conclusions We found a positive association between pentosidine and CAC in T1DM. These results may indicate that AGEs are possibly involved in the development of CAC in individuals with T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC) and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht 6200, MD, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Poulsen MW, Hedegaard RV, Andersen JM, de Courten B, Bügel S, Nielsen J, Skibsted LH, Dragsted LO. Advanced glycation endproducts in food and their effects on health. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:10-37. [PMID: 23867544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) form by Maillard-reactions after initial binding of aldehydes with amines or amides in heated foods or in living organisms. The mechanisms of formation may include ionic as well as oxidative and radical pathways. The reactions may proceed within proteins to form high-molecular weight (HMW) AGEs or among small molecules to form low-molecular weight (LMW) AGEs. All free amino acids form AGEs, but lysine or arginine side chains dominate AGE formation within proteins. The analysis of AGEs in foods and body fluids is most often performed by ELISA or LC-MS; however, none of the methodologies cover all HMW and LMW AGEs. Most research is, therefore, carried out using 'representative' AGE compounds, most often N(ε)-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML). Only LMW AGEs, including peptide-bound forms, and carbonyls may be absorbed from the gut and contribute to the body burden of AGEs. Some AGEs interact with specific pro- or anti-inflammatory receptors. Most studies on the biological effects of AGEs have been carried out by administering heated foods. The pro-inflammatory and deteriorating biological effects of AGEs in these studies, therefore, need further confirmation. The current review points out several research needs in order to address important questions on AGEs in foods and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malene W Poulsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Naser N, Januszewski AS, Brown BE, Jenkins AJ, Hill MA, Murphy TV. Advanced glycation end products acutely impair ca(2+) signaling in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Front Physiol 2013; 4:38. [PMID: 23483845 PMCID: PMC3593230 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins in diabetes, including formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are believed to contribute to vascular dysfunction and disease. Impaired function of the endothelium is an early indicator of vascular dysfunction in diabetes and as many endothelial cell processes are dependent upon intracellular [Ca2+] and Ca2+ signaling, the aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of AGEs on Ca2+ signaling in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Ca2+ signaling was studied using the fluorescent indicator dye Fura-2-AM. AGEs were generated by incubating bovine serum albumin with 0–250 mM glucose or glucose-6-phosphate for 0–120 days at 37°C. Under all conditions, the main AGE species generated was carboxymethyl lysine (CML) as assayed using both gas-liquid chromatograph-mass spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. In Ca2+-replete solution, exposure of BAEC to AGEs for 5 min caused an elevation in basal [Ca2+] and attenuated the increase in intracellular [Ca2+] caused by ATP (100 μM). In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, exposure of BAEC to AGEs for 5 min caused an elevation in basal [Ca2+] and attenuated subsequent intracellular Ca2+ release caused by ATP, thapsigargin (0.1 μM), and ionomycin (3 μM), but AGEs did not affect extracellular Ca2+ entry induced by the re-addition of Ca2+ to the bathing solution in the presence of any of these agents. The anti-oxidant α-lipoic acid (2 μM) and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors apocynin (500 μM) and diphenyleneiodonium (1 μM) abolished these effects of AGEs on BAECs, as did the IP3 receptor antagonist xestospongin C (1 μM). In summary, AGEs caused an acute depletion of Ca2+ from the intracellular store in BAECs, such that the Ca2+ signal stimulated by the subsequent application other agents acting upon this store is reduced. The mechanism may involve generation of reactive oxygen species from NAD(P)H oxidase and possible activation of the IP3 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Naser
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gillery P, Jaisson S. Usefulness of non-enzymatic post-translational modification derived products (PTMDPs) as biomarkers of chronic diseases. J Proteomics 2013; 92:228-38. [PMID: 23459210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular aging of proteins results from the complex association of different reactions that lead to the progressive alteration of their structural and functional properties. These reactions, which include oxidation, glycoxidation, carbonylation and carbamylation, occur during aging and are amplified in various chronic diseases such as diabetes or chronic renal failure. Specific compounds generated throughout this process called post-translational modification derived products (PTMDPs) have been suggested to be promising biomarkers for the management of chronic diseases. During the last decades, the emergence of mass spectrometry and proteomics has largely contributed to the development of sensitive and specific analytical methods devoted to PTMDP quantification in biological fluids. This review aimed at providing evidences for the clinical relevance of PTMDPs as biomarkers in chronic diseases, and at emphasizing on the contribution of mass spectrometric and proteomic methods in this field. Different issues that should be addressed in order to ensure the implementation of these biomarkers in clinical practice have been highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gillery
- Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, American Memorial Hospital, University Hospital of Reims, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, FRE CNRS/URCA n°3481, Faculty of Medicine, Reims, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jack M, Wright D. Role of advanced glycation endproducts and glyoxalase I in diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy. Transl Res 2012; 159:355-65. [PMID: 22500508 PMCID: PMC3329218 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is the most common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus with more than half of all patients developing altered sensation as a result of damage to peripheral sensory neurons. Hyperglycemia results in altered nerve conduction velocities, loss of epidermal innervation, and development of painful or painless signs and symptoms in the feet and hands. Current research has been unable to determine whether a patient will develop insensate or painful neuropathy or be protected from peripheral nerve damage all together. One mechanism that has been recognized to have a role in the pathogenesis of sensory neuron damage is the process of reactive dicarbonyls forming advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) as a direct result of hyperglycemia. The glyoxalase system, composed of the enzymes glyoxalase I (GLO1) and glyoxalase II, is the main detoxification pathway involved in breaking down toxic reactive dicarbonyls before producing carbonyl stress and forming AGEs on proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. This review discusses AGEs, GLO1, their role in diabetic neuropathy, and potential therapeutic targets of the AGE pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Jack
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kawai T, Takei I, Tokui M, Funae O, Miyamoto K, Tabata M, Hirata T, Saruta T, Shimada A, Itoh H. Effects of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, in relation to suppression of N(ɛ)-carboxymethyl lysine. J Diabetes Complications 2010; 24:424-32. [PMID: 19716319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the efficacy of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 38 type 2 diabetic patients (22 men and 16 women; mean ± S.E.M. age 63.3 ± 1.0 years; duration of diabetes 9.6 ± 0.8 years) with diabetic neuropathy were newly administered 150 mg/day epalrestat (EP group). Motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV), and minimum F-wave latency were evaluated before administration of epalrestat and after 1 and 2 years. Serum N(ɛ)-carboxymethyl lysine (CML) as a parameter of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), lipid peroxide, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 as a parameter of angiopathy were measured before administration and after 1 year. We compared the results with those of 36 duration of diabetes-matched type 2 diabetic patients (mean ± S.E.M. duration of diabetes 8.2 ± 0.7 years) as control (C group). RESULTS The EP group showed significant suppression of deterioration of MCV (P<.01) and minimum F-wave latency (P<.01) in the tibial nerve and SCV (P<.05) in the sural nerve compared to those in the C group after 2 years. There was a significant difference in change in CML level between groups (-0.18 ± 0.13 mU/ml in the EP group vs. +0.22 ± 0.09 mU/ml in the C group, P<.05) after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Epalrestat suppressed the deterioration of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, especially in the lower extremity. Its effects might be mediated by improvement of the polyol pathway and suppression of production of AGEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Kawai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Semba RD, Beck J, Sun K, Egan JM, Carlson OD, Varadhan R, Ferrucci L. Relationship of a dominant advanced glycation end product, serum carboxymethyl-lysine, and abnormal glucose metabolism in adults: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Nutr Health Aging 2010; 14:507-13. [PMID: 20818463 PMCID: PMC3435097 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although hyperglycemia is thought to increase the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), studies have not shown a consistent relationship between abnormal glucose metabolism and serum AGEs. We investigated the relationship between a dominant serum AGE, N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), and glucose metabolism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum CML, fasting plasma glucose, and glucose tolerance were measured in 755 adults in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Fasting plasma glucose was categorized as normal (< or = 99 mg/dL), impaired (100-125 mg/dL), and diabetic (> 125 mg/dL). Two-hour plasma glucose on oral glucose tolerance testing was categorized as normal (< or = 139 mg/dL), impaired (140-199 mg/dL), and diabetic (> or = 200 mg/dL). RESULTS The proportion of adults with normal, impaired, and diabetic fasting plasma glucose was 73.8%, 22.9%, and 2.9%, respectively, and the proportion with normal, impaired, and diabetic 2-hour plasma glucose was 73.1%, 19.2%, and 7.7%, respectively. Serum CML (microg/mL) was not associated with abnormal fasting plasma glucose (Odds Ratio [O.R.] 0.60, 95% Confidence Interval [C.I.] 0.15-2.36, P = 0.47) in a multivariate, ordered logistic regression model, adjusting for age, race, gender, body mass index, and chronic diseases. Serum CML (microg/mL) was associated with abnormal 2-hour plasma glucose on glucose tolerance testing (O.R. 0.15, 95% C.I. 0.04-0.63, P = 0.009) in a multivariate, ordered logistic regression model, adjusting for the same covariates. CONCLUSIONS Elevated CML, a dominant AGE, was not associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose and was associated with a reduced odds of abnormal glucose tolerance in older community-dwelling adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Semba
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dettoraki A, Gil APR, Spiliotis BE. Association between serum levels of the soluble receptor (sRAGE) for advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2009; 22:895-904. [PMID: 20020577 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2009.22.10.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The binding of AGEs to RAGE is involved in diabetic vascular complications. We studied sRAGE levels and RAGE protein expression (P) together with N-carboxymethyl lysine (CML), a major AGE, in 74 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and 43 healthy (C) children. METHODS sRAGE and CML levels were determined by ELISA and RAGE P was evaluated in mononuclear cells by Western immunoblotting. RESULTS Serum sRAGE was higher in DM1 than in C (1430 +/- 759 vs 1158 +/- 595 pg/ml, p = 0.047), inversely correlated to diabetes duration (r = -0.265, p = 0.037) and directly correlated to LDL-cholesterol levels (r = 0.224, p = 0.039). Diabetes duration correlated independently with sRAGE (p = 0.034). Circulating CML levels were not significantly different between DM1 and C groups (3.51 +/- 1.49 vs 3.59 +/- 1.83 ng/ml, p > 0.05) and RAGE P was lower in DM1 than in C (61 +/- 46 vs 102 +/- 63%, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Increased serum sRAGE in children with DM1 may provide temporary protection against cell damage and may be sufficient to eliminate excessive circulating CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dettoraki
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Goldberg RB. Cytokine and cytokine-like inflammation markers, endothelial dysfunction, and imbalanced coagulation in development of diabetes and its complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:3171-82. [PMID: 19509100 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent developments indicate that pathophysiological mechanisms leading to beta-cell damage, insulin resistance, and the vascular complications of diabetes include an activation of the inflammation cascade, endothelial dysfunction, and procoagulant imbalance. Their circulating biomarkers may therefore provide opportunities for early diagnosis and targets for novel treatments. EVIDENCE Circulating biomarkers of these pathways such as TNFalpha, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) (inflammation), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, interstitial cellular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, von Willebrand factor (endothelial dysfunction), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, P-selectin (procoagulant state), and adiponectin (antiinflammation) may be associated with development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and some studies, particularly in type 2 diabetes, have demonstrated that certain biomarkers may have independent predictive value. Similarly studies have shown that these biomarkers may be associated with development of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, and again, particularly in type 2 diabetes, with cardiovascular events as well. Finally, the comorbidities of diabetes, namely obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia collectively aggravate these processes while antihyperglycemic interventions tend to ameliorate them. CONCLUSIONS Increased CRP, IL-6, and TNFalpha, and especially interstitial cellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin are associated with nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Whereas further work is needed, it seems clear that these biomarkers are predictors of increasing morbidity in prediabetic and diabetic subjects and should be the focus of work testing their clinical utility to identify high-risk individuals as well as perhaps to target interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han Y, Randell E, Vasdev S, Gill V, Curran M, Newhook LA, Grant M, Hagerty D, Schneider C. Plasma advanced glycation endproduct, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone is elevated in young, complication-free patients with Type 1 diabetes. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:562-9. [PMID: 19154730 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are implicated in diabetic complications. Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H) is one of the most abundant AGEs in vivo. Our objective was to develop a time-saving, specific method to measure free MG-H in plasma and determine its levels in complication-free young individuals with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The relationship of plasma free MG-H to hemoglobin A1C (A1C) and plasma methylglyoxal levels was also determined. DESIGN AND METHODS A solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed, and free plasma MG-H levels were measured in 40 T1DM patients (DM group), aged 6-21 years, and 11 non-diabetics (ND group), 6-22 years. Methylglyoxal was measured using LC-MS/MS and A1C by a Tosoh G7 high-performance liquid chromatograph. RESULTS Our method showed high recovery, sensitivity and short run-time. Plasma free MG-H (nmol/L) was higher (p<0.001) in the DM group (1318+/-569; mean+/-standard deviation) as compared to the ND group (583+/-419). Within the DM group, plasma free MG-H did not correlate with plasma methylglyoxal or A1C. CONCLUSIONS Our LC-MS/MS method to measure free MG-H in plasma may be useful for future clinical application. The increased levels of free MG-H observed in individuals with TIDM are not merely the result of short term changes in glucose or methylglyoxal, but may reflect long-term alterations to tissue proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Han
- Division of Biochemical Pathology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Obrosova IG. Diabetes and the peripheral nerve. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2008; 1792:931-40. [PMID: 19061951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced damage to peripheral nerve culminates in development of peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN), one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of foot amputation. The pathogenesis of PDN occurs as a consequence of complex interactions among multiple hyperglycemia-initiated mechanisms, impaired insulin signaling, inflammation, hypertension, and disturbances of fatty acid and lipid metabolism. This review describes experimental new findings in animal and cell culture models as well as clinical data suggesting the importance of 1) previously established hyperglycemia-initiated mechanisms such as increased aldose reductase activity, non-enzymatic glycation/glycooxidation, activation of protein kinase C, 2) oxidative-nitrosative stress and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation; 3) mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2 activation, impaired Ca(++) homeostasis and signaling, and several other mechanisms, in PDN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Obrosova
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Han Y, Randell E, Vasdev S, Gill V, Gadag V, Newhook LA, Grant M, Hagerty D. Plasma methylglyoxal and glyoxal are elevated and related to early membrane alteration in young, complication-free patients with Type 1 diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 305:123-31. [PMID: 17594057 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reactive aldehydes methylglyoxal and glyoxal, arise from enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation of glucose, lipid and protein catabolism, and lipid peroxidation. In Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) where hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation are common, these aldehydes may be elevated. These aldehydes form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with proteins that are implicated in diabetic complications. We measured plasma methylglyoxal and glyoxal in young, complication-free T1DM patients and assessed activity of the ubiquitous membrane enzyme, Na+/K+ ATPase. A total of 56 patients with TIDM (DM group), 6-22 years, and 18 non-diabetics (ND group), 6-21 years, were enrolled. Mean plasma A1C (%) was higher in the DM group (8.5+/-1.3) as compared to the ND group (5.0+/-0.3). Using a novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry method, we found that mean plasma methylglyoxal (nmol/l) and glyoxal levels (nmol/l), respectively, were higher in the DM group (841.7+/-237.7, 1051.8+/-515.2) versus the ND group (439.2+/-90.1, 328.2+/-207.5). Erythrocyte membrane Na+/K+ ATPase activity (nmol NADH oxidized/min/mg protein) was elevated in the DM group (4.47+/-0.98) compared to the ND group (2.16+/-0.59). A1C correlated with plasma methylglyoxal and glyoxal, and both aldehydes correlated with each other. A high correlation of A1C with Na+/K+ ATPase activity, and a regression analysis showing A1C as a good predictor of activity of this enzyme, point to a role for glucose in membrane alteration. In complication-free patients, increased plasma methylglyoxal, plasma glyoxal, and erythrocyte Na+/K+ ATPase activity may foretell future diabetic complications, and emphasize a need for aggressive management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schettgen T, Tings A, Brodowsky C, Müller-Lux A, Musiol A, Kraus T. Simultaneous determination of the advanced glycation end product N ɛ-carboxymethyllysine and its precursor, lysine, in exhaled breath condensate using isotope-dilution–hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2783-91. [PMID: 17318517 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a non-invasive method for investigating the effects of different diseases or exposures, on the lungs and airways. N(epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine (CML) is an important biomarker of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). A method has been developed for simultaneous determination of CML and its precursor, the amino acid lysine, in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). After addition of labelled internal standards (d-4-CML; d-4-lysine), the EBC was concentrated by freeze-drying. Separation and detection of the analytes were performed by hydrophilic-ion liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass-spectrometric detection (HILIC-MS-MS). The limits of quantification were 10 pg mL(-1) EBC and 0.5 ng mL(-1) EBC for CML and lysine, respectively. The relative standard deviation of the within-series precision was between 2.8 and 7.8% at spiked concentrations between 40 and 200 pg mL(-1) for CML and between 6 and 20 ng mL(-1) for lysine. Accuracy for the analytes ranged between 89.5 and 133%. The method was used for the analysis of EBC samples from ten healthy persons from the general population and ten persons receiving dialysis. CML and lysine were detected in all EBC samples with median values of 19 pg mL(-1) CML and 11.9 ng mL(-1) lysine in EBC of healthy persons and 25 pg mL(-1) CML and 9.5 ng mL(-1) lysine in EBC of dialysis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Schettgen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital, Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|