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Li J, Yan B, He H, Xu X, Ruan Y, Yang M. Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Flea Beetle Luperomorpha xanthodera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) and Phylogenetic Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:414. [PMID: 36833341 PMCID: PMC9957443 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the mitochondrial genome of Luperomorpha xanthodera was assembled and annotated, which is a circular DNA molecule including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), and 1388 bp non-coding regions (A + T rich region), measuring 16,021 bp in length. The nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial genome is 41.3% adenine (A), 38.7% thymine (T), 8.4% guanine (G), and 11.6% cytosine (C). Most of the protein-coding genes presented a typical ATN start codon (ATA, ATT, ATC, ATG), except for ND1, which showed the start codon TTG. Three-quarters of the protein-coding genes showed the complete stop codon TAR (TAA, TAG), except the genes COI, COII, ND4, and ND5, which showed incomplete stop codons (T- or TA-). All the tRNA genes have the typical clover-leaf structure, except tRNASer1 (AGN), which has a missing dihydrouridine arm (DHU). The phylogenetic results determined by both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods consistently supported the monophyly of the subfamily Galerucinae and revealed that the subtribe Luperina and genus Monolepta are polyphyletic groups. Meanwhile, the classification status of the genus Luperomorpha is controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hongli He
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongying Ruan
- Plant Protection Research Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Maofa Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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Jenny LA, Shapiro LR, Davis CC, Jonathan Davies T, Pierce NE, Meineke E. Herbarium specimens reveal herbivory patterns across the genus Cucurbita. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16126. [PMID: 36633920 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Quantifying how closely related plant species differ in susceptibility to insect herbivory is important for understanding the variation in evolutionary pressures on plant functional traits. However, empirically measuring in situ variation in herbivory spanning the geographic range of a plant-insect complex is logistically difficult. Recently, new methods have been developed using herbarium specimens to investigate patterns in plant-insect symbioses across large geographic scales. Such investigations provide insights into how accelerated anthropogenic changes may impact plant-insect interactions that are of ecological or agricultural importance. METHODS Here, we analyze 274 pressed herbarium samples to investigate variation in herbivory damage in 13 different species of the economically important plant genus Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae). This collection is composed of specimens of wild, undomesticated Cucurbita that were collected from across their native range, and Cucurbita cultivars collected from both within their native range and from locations where they have been introduced for agriculture in temperate North America. RESULTS Herbivory is common on individuals of all Cucurbita species collected throughout their geographic ranges. However, estimates of herbivory varied considerably among individuals, with mesophytic species accruing more insect damage than xerophytic species, and wild specimens having more herbivory than specimens collected from human-managed habitats. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that long-term evolutionary changes in habitat from xeric to mesic climates and wild to human-managed habitats may mediate the levels of herbivory pressure from coevolved herbivores. Future investigations into the potential factors that contribute to herbivory may inform the management of domesticated crop plants and their insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Jenny
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
| | - Lori R Shapiro
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, United States
| | - Charles C Davis
- Harvard University Herbaria, Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
| | - T Jonathan Davies
- Departments of Botany, and Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2028, South Africa
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
| | - Emily Meineke
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
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Zhang H, Song N, Yin X. Higher-level phylogeny of Chrysomelidae based on expanded sampling of mitogenomes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0258587. [PMID: 35061698 PMCID: PMC8782406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysomelidae is one of the most diverse lineages of beetles. The classification and phylogeny of Chrysomelidae have been contentious. In this study, we obtained 16 new mitogenome sequences by using next-generation sequencing. Combined with the published mitogenomes, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships of Chrysomelidae. Different data recoding strategies and substitution models were applied to phylogenetic reconstruction. In the Maximum likelihood analyses under the homogeneous model, Dayhoff recoding allowed for the improved phylogenetic resolution due to the decreased level of heterogeneous sequence divergence. Bayesian inference under the heterogeneous model yielded generally well resolved subfamily relationships. The present mitogenome data strongly supported Chrysomelidae as a monophyletic group. Consistent with previous work, we found three major subfamily clades within Chrysomelidae. However, the pattern of the “sagrine” clade plus the “eumolpine” clade being sister to the “chrysomeline” clade contrasted with the prior study. The placement of the genus Syneta with regards to these three clades was ambiguous. Relationships recovered suggested several major chrysomelid lineages, including: (1) Bruchinae in the “sagrine” clade; (2) Donaciinae + Criocerinae; (3) Spilopyrinae + (Cassidinae + (Eumolpinae + (Lamprosomatinae + Cryptocephalinae))); (4) Chrysomelinae + (Alticinae + Galerucinae). Results also suggested the placement of Timarcha outside the major Chrysomelinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Song
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (NS); (XY)
| | - Xinming Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (NS); (XY)
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Gómez‐Zurita J, Cardoso A. Molecular systematics, higher‐rank classification and Gondwanan origins of Cryptocephalinae leaf beetles. ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gómez‐Zurita
- Botanical Institute of Barcelona (CSIC‐Ajuntament de Barcelona) Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
| | - Anabela Cardoso
- Botanical Institute of Barcelona (CSIC‐Ajuntament de Barcelona) Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
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Viswajyothi K, Clark SM. A new genus and two new species of Galerucinae from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1890849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keezhpattillam Viswajyothi
- Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Shawn M. Clark
- Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Viswajyothi K, Clark SM. Prathapanius fortis, a new genus and new species of Galerucinae from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Zookeys 2020; 968:111-126. [PMID: 33005083 PMCID: PMC7511477 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.968.54228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prathapanius Viswajyothi & Clark, gen. nov., is described and illustrated. The genus is placed in the chrysomelid section Diabroticites Chapuis (subtribe Diabroticina Chapuis, tribe Luperini Chapuis, subfamily Galerucinae Latreille). It is monobasic, containing Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi & Clark, sp. nov., from Ecuador. The new genus is briefly compared with Acalymma Barber, Isotes Weise, and Zischkaita Bechyné.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keezhpattillam Viswajyothi
- Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA Brigham Young University Provo United States of America
- Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India Kerala Agricultural University Trivandrum India
| | - Shawn M Clark
- Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA Brigham Young University Provo United States of America
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Shapiro LR, Paulson JN, Arnold BJ, Scully ED, Zhaxybayeva O, Pierce NE, Rocha J, Klepac-Ceraj V, Holton K, Kolter R. An Introduced Crop Plant Is Driving Diversification of the Virulent Bacterial Pathogen Erwinia tracheiphila. mBio 2018; 9:e01307-18. [PMID: 30279283 PMCID: PMC6168856 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01307-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erwinia tracheiphila is the causal agent of bacterial wilt of cucurbits, an economically important phytopathogen affecting an economically important phytopathogen affecting few cultivated Cucurbitaceae few cultivated Cucurbitaceae host plant species in temperate eastern North America. However, essentially nothing is known about E. tracheiphila population structure or genetic diversity. To address this shortcoming, a representative collection of 88 E. tracheiphila isolates was gathered from throughout its geographic range, and their genomes were sequenced. Phylogenomic analysis revealed three genetic clusters with distinct hrpT3SS virulence gene repertoires, host plant association patterns, and geographic distributions. Low genetic heterogeneity within each cluster suggests a recent population bottleneck followed by population expansion. We showed that in the field and greenhouse, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), which was introduced to North America by early Spanish conquistadors, is the most susceptible host plant species and the only species susceptible to isolates from all three lineages. The establishment of large agricultural populations of highly susceptible C. sativus in temperate eastern North America may have facilitated the original emergence of E. tracheiphila into cucurbit agroecosystems, and this introduced plant species may now be acting as a highly susceptible reservoir host. Our findings have broad implications for agricultural sustainability by drawing attention to how worldwide crop plant movement, agricultural intensification, and locally unique environments may affect the emergence, evolution, and epidemic persistence of virulent microbial pathogens.IMPORTANCEErwinia tracheiphila is a virulent phytopathogen that infects two genera of cucurbit crop plants, Cucurbita spp. (pumpkin and squash) and Cucumis spp. (muskmelon and cucumber). One of the unusual ecological traits of this pathogen is that it is limited to temperate eastern North America. Here, we complete the first large-scale sequencing of an E. tracheiphila isolate collection. From phylogenomic, comparative genomic, and empirical analyses, we find that introduced Cucumis spp. crop plants are driving the diversification of E. tracheiphila into multiple lineages. Together, the results from this study show that locally unique biotic (plant population) and abiotic (climate) conditions can drive the evolutionary trajectories of locally endemic pathogens in unexpected ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R Shapiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph N Paulson
- Department of Biostatistics, Product Development, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian J Arnold
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin D Scully
- Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Olga Zhaxybayeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jorge Rocha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- CIDEA Consortium Conacyt-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Vanja Klepac-Ceraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristina Holton
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roberto Kolter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Nie RE, Bezděk J, Yang XK. How many genera and species of Galerucinae s. str. do we know? Updated statistics (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Zookeys 2017; 720:91-102. [PMID: 29290727 PMCID: PMC5740445 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.720.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galerucinae s. str. is a rich group of leaf beetles. A new, up-to date checklist of Galerucinae genera in the world is provided, including the number of valid species of each genus. Genera and species were counted in literature published before the end of 2016. In summary, 7145 species (7132 recent, 13 fossils) and 192 subspecies from 543 genera (542 recent, 1 fossil) were quantified in Galerucinae s. str. In comparison with the previous catalogue of worldwide Galerucinae (Wilcox 1971-1973), an additional 91 valid genera, 1341 valid species (1337 recent, 4 fossils) and 38 subspecies have been published; 43 genera were synonymized, four genera were transferred into Alticini, two subgenera were elevated to genus rank, and one genus was downgraded to subgenus rank. The updated list of references to taxonomic publications on Galerucinae s. str. from the period 1971-2016 is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-E Nie
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jan Bezděk
- Mendel University, Department of Zoology, Zemědělská, 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xing-Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Song N, Yin X, Zhao X, Chen J, Yin J. Reconstruction of mitogenomes by NGS and phylogenetic implications for leaf beetles. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:1041-1050. [DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1404044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinming Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
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Bouzan AM, Flinte V, Macedo MV, Monteiro RF. Elevation and temporal distributions of Chrysomelidae in southeast Brazil with emphasis on the Galerucinae. Zookeys 2015:103-17. [PMID: 26798317 PMCID: PMC4714336 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.547.9723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we present an ecological pattern of elevation and temporal variations found in the Chrysomelidae in one of the highest mountains in southeastern Brazil. Monthly surveys using an entomological sweep-net were conducted between April 2011 and June 2012, at five different elevations (800 m, 1000 m, 1750 m, 2200 m and 2450 m). A total of 2318 individuals were collected, belonging to 91 species. The elevation and temporal patterns of distribution of Chrysomelidae were heavily dominated by the Galerucinae. This subfamily had the highest richness and abundance at intermediate altitudes and during the rainy season. Probably the food availability as well as abiotic factors this time of the year favor the development of Galerucinae. Also, most of the more abundant Galerucinae species showed broad elevation ranges but approximately 20% of these species were only collected on the mountaintop sites. We would expect these species to be ones most prone to extinction in a scenario of climate warming or even after local disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Machado Bouzan
- Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. CCS, IB, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Sala A0-111, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, CP 68020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vivian Flinte
- Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. CCS, IB, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Sala A0-111, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, CP 68020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Margarete Valverde Macedo
- Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. CCS, IB, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Sala A0-111, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, CP 68020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Ferreira Monteiro
- Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. CCS, IB, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Sala A0-111, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, CP 68020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Jiang W, Zhu J, Song C, Li X, Yang Y, Yu W. Molecular phylogeny of the butterfly genus Polytremis (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Baorini) in China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84098. [PMID: 24391893 PMCID: PMC3877198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Polytremis, restricted to the continental part of the southeastern Palaearctic and northern Oriental regions, is one of the largest and most diverse lineages of the tribe Baorini. Previous studies on the genus were focused mainly on morphological classification and identification of new species. Due to the lack of effective and homologous traits of morphology, there were many challenges in the traditional classification. In this report, we reconstruct the phylogeny to provide a solid framework for these studies and to test the traditional limits and relationships of taxa. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We sequenced a mitochondrial and three nuclear gene fragments, coupled with an evaluation of traditional morphological characters, to determine the phylogenetic relationships for a total of 15 species representing all major species groups of the Polytremis genus in China, and to elucidate their taxonomic status. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Analysis of mitochrondial and nuclear DNA showed considerable congruent phylogenetic signal in topology at the inter-species level. We found strong support for the monophyly of Polytremis and some clades were recognized with morphological data. Thus, the COI sequence in our study could be used as a DNA barcode to identify almost all members of the genus. However, incongruences of phylogenetic analyses occurred: in contrast to the phylogenetic trees of mitochondrial COI, it was not possible for nuclear rDNA to discriminate P. gotama from P. caerulescens, suggesting a possible recent separation of these two species. Additionally, P. theca was the only species with a greater intra-specific genetic distance compared to some inter-specific genetic distances in this study and some problems associated with the cryptic diversity of the species are discussed. The results of this study will helpful to reveal the causes of the high degree of diversity of butterflies, and possibly other groups of insects in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Jiang
- Shanghai Normal University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Shanghai Zoological Park, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Shanghai Normal University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Shanghai Normal University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- Shanghai Normal University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Shanghai Normal University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Bachman PM, Bolognesi R, Moar WJ, Mueller GM, Paradise MS, Ramaseshadri P, Tan J, Uffman JP, Warren J, Wiggins BE, Levine SL. Characterization of the spectrum of insecticidal activity of a double-stranded RNA with targeted activity against Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). Transgenic Res 2013. [PMID: 23748931 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9716-9715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The sequence specificity of the endogenous RNA interference pathway allows targeted suppression of genes essential for insect survival and enables the development of durable and efficacious insecticidal products having a low likelihood to adversely impact non-target organisms. The spectrum of insecticidal activity of a 240 nucleotide (nt) dsRNA targeting the Snf7 ortholog in Western Corn Rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) was characterized by selecting and testing insects based upon their phylogenetic relatedness to WCR. Insect species, representing 10 families and 4 Orders, were evaluated in subchronic or chronic diet bioassays that measured potential lethal and sublethal effects. When a specific species could not be tested in diet bioassays, the ortholog to the WCR Snf7 gene (DvSnf7) was cloned and corresponding dsRNAs were tested against WCR and Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata); model systems known to be sensitive to ingested dsRNA. Bioassay results demonstrate that the spectrum of activity for DvSnf7 is narrow and activity is only evident in a subset of beetles within the Galerucinae subfamily of Chrysomelidae (>90% identity with WCR Snf7 240 nt). This approach allowed for evaluating the relationship between minimum shared nt sequence length and activity. A shared sequence length of ≥ 21 nt was required for efficacy against WCR (containing 221 potential 21-nt matches) and all active orthologs contained at least three 21 nt matches. These results also suggest that WCR resistance to DvSnf7 dsRNA due to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the target sequence of 240 nt is highly unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Bachman
- Monsanto Company, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA,
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Prado LR. Review on the use of sexually dimorphic characters in the taxonomy of Diabroticites (Galerucinae, Luperini, Diabroticina). Zookeys 2013; 332:33-54. [PMID: 24163580 PMCID: PMC3805318 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.332.4931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism occurs frequently in Chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802 and is particularly variable in subfamily Galerucinae Latreille, 1802. This diversity has been early noted by authors a potential source of taxonomic characters. The section Diabroticites (Luperini Gistel, 1848) is one of the largest assemblies of chrysomelid genera with currently 823 valid species in 17 genera (12 based on dimorphic characteristics), being most diverse in the neotropical region. Apart from a revision work on the type specimens for the section, there are no general taxonomic studies for this group. The occurrence of sexually dimorphic characteristics in the section Diabroticites is revised and their practical taxonomic relevance evaluated. A total of 240 species was studied (145 species with males available), representing 15 out of the 17 genera included in Diabroticites. The analysis of characters was based on the study of specimens in south-american collections, literature and the aid of photos in online databases. Sexual dimorphism occurred in most species analyzed. Dimorphic features were divided in general (i. e., occur in higher taxa) and special characters (those that support the definition of species and genera). Special dimorphism was observed in every tagma, and most modifications occur in antennae. Characters used as diagnostic of genera often do not correspond to the modifications present in species included in them. Many modifications were considered by earlier authors as a single character, probably due to vague definitions. Most generic definitions are, therefore, inaccurate. The study of morphology and the homology assessment of characters are needed to increase understanding of the genera in Diabroticites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rocha Prado
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263–000, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Bachman PM, Bolognesi R, Moar WJ, Mueller GM, Paradise MS, Ramaseshadri P, Tan J, Uffman JP, Warren J, Wiggins BE, Levine SL. Characterization of the spectrum of insecticidal activity of a double-stranded RNA with targeted activity against Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). Transgenic Res 2013; 22:1207-22. [PMID: 23748931 PMCID: PMC3835954 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The sequence specificity of the endogenous RNA interference pathway allows targeted suppression of genes essential for insect survival and enables the development of durable and efficacious insecticidal products having a low likelihood to adversely impact non-target organisms. The spectrum of insecticidal activity of a 240 nucleotide (nt) dsRNA targeting the Snf7 ortholog in Western Corn Rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) was characterized by selecting and testing insects based upon their phylogenetic relatedness to WCR. Insect species, representing 10 families and 4 Orders, were evaluated in subchronic or chronic diet bioassays that measured potential lethal and sublethal effects. When a specific species could not be tested in diet bioassays, the ortholog to the WCR Snf7 gene (DvSnf7) was cloned and corresponding dsRNAs were tested against WCR and Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata); model systems known to be sensitive to ingested dsRNA. Bioassay results demonstrate that the spectrum of activity for DvSnf7 is narrow and activity is only evident in a subset of beetles within the Galerucinae subfamily of Chrysomelidae (>90% identity with WCR Snf7 240 nt). This approach allowed for evaluating the relationship between minimum shared nt sequence length and activity. A shared sequence length of ≥ 21 nt was required for efficacy against WCR (containing 221 potential 21-nt matches) and all active orthologs contained at least three 21 nt matches. These results also suggest that WCR resistance to DvSnf7 dsRNA due to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the target sequence of 240 nt is highly unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Bachman
- Monsanto Company, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA,
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15
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Ge D, Gómez-Zurita J, Chesters D, Yang X, Vogler AP. Suprageneric systematics of flea beetles (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) inferred from multilocus sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 62:793-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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16
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Castalanelli MA, Baker AM, Munyard KA, Grimm M, Groth DM. Molecular phylogeny supports the paraphyletic nature of the genus Trogoderma (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) collected in the Australasian ecozone. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 102:17-28. [PMID: 21749736 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485311000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To date, a molecular phylogenetic approach has not been used to investigate the evolutionary structure of Trogoderma and closely related genera. Using two mitochondrial genes, Cytochrome Oxidase I and Cytochrome B, and the nuclear gene, 18S, the reported polyphyletic positioning of Trogoderma was examined. Paraphyly in Trogoderma was observed, with one Australian Trogoderma species reconciled as sister to all Dermestidae and the Anthrenocerus genus deeply nested within the Australian Trogoderma clade. In addition, time to most recent common ancestor for a number of Dermestidae was calculated. Based on these estimations, the Dermestidae origin exceeded 175 million years, placing the origins of this family in Pangaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Castalanelli
- Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Deakin, ACT, Australia.
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17
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Ge D, Chesters D, Gómez-Zurita J, Zhang L, Yang X, Vogler AP. Anti-predator defence drives parallel morphological evolution in flea beetles. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:2133-41. [PMID: 21159678 PMCID: PMC3107618 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex morphological or functional traits are frequently considered evolutionarily unique and hence useful for taxonomic classification. Flea beetles (Alticinae) are characterized by an extraordinary jumping apparatus in the usually greatly expanded femur of their hind legs that separates them from the related Galerucinae. Here, we examine the evolution of this trait using phylogenetic analysis and a time-calibrated tree from mitochondrial (rrnL and cox1) and nuclear (small subunits and large subunits) genes, as well as morphometrics of femora using elliptic Fourier analysis. The phylogeny strongly supports multiple independent origins of the metafemoral spring and therefore rejects the monophyly of Alticinae, as defined by this trait. Geometric outline analysis of femora shows the great plasticity of this structure and its correlation with the type and diversity of the metafemoral springs. The recognition of convergence in jumping apparatus now resolves the long-standing difficulties of Galerucinae-Alticinae classification, and cautions against the value of trait complexity as a measure of taxonomic significance. The lineage also shows accelerated species diversification rates relative to other leaf beetles, which may be promoted by the same ecological factors that also favour the repeated evolution of jumping as an anti-predation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Douglas Chesters
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, UK
| | | | - Lijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xingke Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Alfried P. Vogler
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, UK
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18
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Kishimoto-Yamada K, Itioka T, Sakai S, Momose K, Nagamitsu T, Kaliang H, Meleng P, Chong L, Hamid Karim AA, Yamane S, Kato M, Reid CAM, Nakashizuka T, Inoue T. Population fluctuations of light-attracted chrysomelid beetles in relation to supra-annual environmental changes in a Bornean rainforest. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2009; 99:217-227. [PMID: 18976509 DOI: 10.1017/s000748530800624x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In Southeast Asian tropical rainforests, two events, severe droughts associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and general flowering, a type of community-wide mass flowering, occur at irregular, supra-annual intervals. The relationship between these two supra-annual events and patterns of insect population fluctuations has yet to be clearly elucidated. Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) are major herbivores and flower-visitors of canopy trees, affecting their growth and reproduction and, in turn, affected by tree phenology; but their population fluctuations in the Southeast Asian tropics have not been extensively investigated. We examined population fluctuation patterns of the 34 most dominant chrysomelid species in relation to the two supra-annual events by conducting monthly light-trapping over seven years in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Borneo. Our results showed large community variation in population fluctuation patterns and a supra-annual (between-year) variation in abundance for most of the dominant chrysomelids that was significantly larger than the annual (within-year) variation. Specifically, in response to a severe drought in 1998, chrysomelid species exhibited different population responses. These results show that population fluctuations of individual species, rather than the entire assemblage, must be analyzed to determine the effects of changes in environmental conditions on the structure of insect assemblages in the tropics, especially in regions where supra-annual environmental changes are relatively more important than seasonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kishimoto-Yamada
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Marvaldi AE, Duckett CN, Kjer KM, Gillespie JJ. Structural alignment of 18S and 28S rDNA sequences provides insights into phylogeny of Phytophaga (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea and Chrysomeloidea). ZOOL SCR 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kjos SA, Gillespie JJ, Olson JK, Snowden KF. Detection of Blastocrithidia spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Chagas disease vectors from Texas, USA. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 9:213-6. [PMID: 18803501 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms highly similar to Blastocrithidia triatomae, a pathogenic parasite of Chagas disease triatomine bug vectors, were detected using polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequence analysis of a segment of the small subunit rRNA gene in 3 of 203 triatomine specimens collected in Texas from June 2005 to October 2006. The parasite was identified in three species of triatomine bugs (Triatoma gerstaeckeri, T. indictiva, and T. neotomae) collected from three distinct geographic locations. Flagellated organisms indistinguishable from Trypanosoma cruzi were observed by direct microscopy in hindgut material of two of the three specimens. Coinfection with T. cruzi and Blastocrithidia was detected by molecular methods in one of the specimens. Parsimony analysis provided strong support for clustering of the new sequences within a Blastocrithidia group, clearly separated from other flagellated protozoans. Confirmation of Blastocrithidia in U.S. triatomine species complicates microscopic diagnosis of T. cruzi due to the morphologic similarity of the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Kjos
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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