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Papay RS, Stauffer SR, Perez DM. A PAM of the α 1A-Adrenergic receptor rescues biomarker, long-term potentiation, and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease mouse models without effects on blood pressure. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 5:100160. [PMID: 37448695 PMCID: PMC10336260 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2023.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-Adrenergic Receptors (ARs) regulate the sympathetic nervous system by the binding of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) through different subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1D). α1A-AR activation is hypothesized to be memory forming and cognitive enhancing but drug development has been stagnant due to unwanted side effects on blood pressure. We recently reported the pharmacological characterization of the first positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the α1A-AR with predictive pro-cognitive and memory properties. In this report, we now demonstrate the in vivo characteristics of Compound 3 (Cmpd-3) in two genetically-different Alzheimer's Disease (AD) mouse models. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies indicate sufficient brain penetrance and rapid uptake into the brain with low to moderate clearance, and a favorable inhibition profile against the major cytochrome p450 enzymes. Oral administration of Cmpd-3 (3-9 mg/kg QD) can fully rescue long-term potentiation defects and AD biomarker profile (amyloid β-40, 42) within 3 months of dosing to levels that were non-significant from WT controls and which outperformed donepezil (1 mg/kg QD). There were also significant effects on paired pulse facilitation and cognitive behavior. Long-term and high-dose in vivo studies with Cmpd-3 revealed no effects on blood pressure. Our results suggest that Cmpd-3 can maintain lasting therapeutic levels and efficacy with disease modifying effects with a once per day dosing regimen in AD mouse models with no observed side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Papay
- The Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center of Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Dianne M. Perez
- The Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Papay RS, Macdonald JD, Stauffer SR, Perez DM. Characterization of a novel positive allosteric modulator of the α 1A-Adrenergic receptor. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 4:100142. [PMID: 36544813 PMCID: PMC9762201 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-Adrenergic Receptors (ARs) are G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) that regulate the sympathetic nervous system via the binding and activation of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi). α1-ARs control various aspects of neurotransmission, cognition, cardiovascular functions as well as other organ systems. However, therapeutic drug development for these receptors, particularly agonists, has been stagnant due to unwanted effects on blood pressure regulation. We report the synthesis and characterization of the first positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the α1-AR based upon the derivation of the α1A-AR selective imidazoline agonist, cirazoline. Compound 3 (Cmpd-3) binds the α1A-AR with high and low affinity sites (0.13pM; 54 nM) typical of GPCR agonists, and reverts to a single low affinity site of 100 nM upon the addition of GTP. Comparison of Cmpd-3 versus other orthosteric α1A-AR-selective imidazoline ligands reveal unique properties that are consistent with a type I PAM. Cmpd-3 is both conformationally and ligand-selective for the α1A-AR subtype. In competition binding studies, Cmpd-3 potentiates NE-binding at the α1A-AR only on the high affinity state of NE with no effect on the Epi-bound α1A-AR. Moreover, Cmpd-3 demonstrates signaling-bias and potentiates the NE-mediated cAMP response of the α1A-AR at nM concentrations with no effects on the NE-mediated inositol phosphate response. There are no effects of Cmpd-3 on the signaling at the α1B- or α1D-AR subtypes. Cmpd-3 displays characteristics of a pure PAM with no intrinsic agonist properties. Specific derivation of Cmpd-3 at the R1 ortho-position recapitulated PAM characteristics. Our results characterize the first PAM for the α1-AR and holds promise for a first-in-class therapeutic to treat various diseases without the side effect of increasing blood pressure intrinsic to classical orthosteric agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Papay
- The Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Macdonald
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dianne M. Perez
- The Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA,Corresponding author. NB50, 9500 Euclid Ave, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Chou WC, Chen WT, Shen CY. A common variant in 11q23.3 associated with hyperlipidemia is mediated by the binding and regulation of GATA4. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:4. [PMID: 35046404 PMCID: PMC8770627 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale genome-wide associations comprising multiple studies have identified hundreds of genetic loci commonly associated with hyperlipidemia-related phenotypes. However, single large cohort remains necessary in aiming to investigate ethnicity-specific genetic risks and mechanical insights. A community-based cohort comprising 23,988 samples that included both genotype and biochemical information was assembled for the genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of hyperlipidemia. The analysis identified fifty genetic variants (P < 5 × 10−8) on five different chromosomes, and a subsequent validation analysis confirmed the significance of the lead variants. Integrated analysis combined with cell-based experiments of the most statistically significant locus in 11q23.3 revealed rs651821 (P = 4.52 × 10−76) as the functional variant. We showed transcription factor GATA4 preferentially binds the T allele of rs651821, the protective allele for hyperlipidemia, which promoted APOA5 expression in liver cells and individuals with the TT genotype of rs651821. As GATA4-APOA5 axis maintains triglyceride homeostasis, GATA4 activation by phenylephrine implies synergism for lowering triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemia patients. Our study demonstrates that rs651821 mediates APOA5 activation via allele-specific regulation by GATA4. We suggest elevating GATA4 activity could provide a therapeutic potential for treating the development of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Targeting Adrenergic Receptors in Metabolic Therapies for Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115783. [PMID: 34071350 PMCID: PMC8198887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has a reduced capacity to generate sufficient energy when failing, resulting in an energy-starved condition with diminished functions. Studies have identified numerous changes in metabolic pathways in the failing heart that result in reduced oxidation of both glucose and fatty acid substrates, defects in mitochondrial functions and oxidative phosphorylation, and inefficient substrate utilization for the ATP that is produced. Recent early-phase clinical studies indicate that inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation and antioxidants that target the mitochondria may improve heart function during failure by increasing compensatory glucose oxidation. Adrenergic receptors (α1 and β) are a key sympathetic nervous system regulator that controls cardiac function. β-AR blockers are an established treatment for heart failure and α1A-AR agonists have potential therapeutic benefit. Besides regulating inotropy and chronotropy, α1- and β-adrenergic receptors also regulate metabolic functions in the heart that underlie many cardiac benefits. This review will highlight recent studies that describe how adrenergic receptor-mediated metabolic pathways may be able to restore cardiac energetics to non-failing levels that may offer promising therapeutic strategies.
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Perez DM. Current Developments on the Role of α 1-Adrenergic Receptors in Cognition, Cardioprotection, and Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652152. [PMID: 34113612 PMCID: PMC8185284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors that bind the endogenous catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. They play a key role in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system along with β and α2-AR family members. While all of the adrenergic receptors bind with similar affinity to the catecholamines, they can regulate different physiologies and pathophysiologies in the body because they couple to different G-proteins and signal transduction pathways, commonly in opposition to one another. While α1-AR subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1C) have long been known to be primary regulators of vascular smooth muscle contraction, blood pressure, and cardiac hypertrophy, their role in neurotransmission, improving cognition, protecting the heart during ischemia and failure, and regulating whole body and organ metabolism are not well known and are more recent developments. These advancements have been made possible through the development of transgenic and knockout mouse models and more selective ligands to advance their research. Here, we will review the recent literature to provide new insights into these physiological functions and possible use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Perez DM. α 1-Adrenergic Receptors in Neurotransmission, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognition. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581098. [PMID: 33117176 PMCID: PMC7553051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-adrenergic receptors are G-Protein Coupled Receptors that are involved in neurotransmission and regulate the sympathetic nervous system through binding and activating the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, and the neurohormone, epinephrine. There are three α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1D) that are known to play various roles in neurotransmission and cognition. They are related to two other adrenergic receptor families that also bind norepinephrine and epinephrine, the β- and α2-, each with three subtypes (β1, β2, β3, α2A, α2B, α2C). Previous studies assessing the roles of α1-adrenergic receptors in neurotransmission and cognition have been inconsistent. This was due to the use of poorly-selective ligands and many of these studies were published before the characterization of the cloned receptor subtypes and the subsequent development of animal models. With the availability of more-selective ligands and the development of animal models, a clearer picture of their role in cognition and neurotransmission can be assessed. In this review, we highlight the significant role that the α1-adrenergic receptor plays in regulating synaptic efficacy, both short and long-term synaptic plasticity, and its regulation of different types of memory. We will also present evidence that the α1-adrenergic receptors, and particularly the α1A-adrenergic receptor subtype, are a potentially good target to treat a wide variety of neurological conditions with diminished cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Papay RS, Perez DM. α 1-Adrenergic receptors increase glucose oxidation under normal and ischemic conditions in adult mouse cardiomyocytes. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:138-144. [PMID: 32757689 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1799291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of catecholamine receptors in cardiac energy metabolism is unknown. α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) have been identified to play a role in whole body metabolism but its role in cardiac energy metabolism has not been explored. We used freshly prepared primary adult mouse cardiomyocytes and incubated with either 14C-palmitate or 14C-glucose tracers to measure oxidation rates in the presence or absence of phenylephrine, an α1-AR agonist (with β and α2-AR blockers) under normal cell culture conditions. 14CO2 released was collected over a 10 min period in covered tissue culture plates using a 1 M hyamine hydroxide solution placed in well cups, counted by scintillation and converted into nmoles/hr. We found that phenylephrine stimulated glucose oxidation but not fatty acid oxidation in adult primary cardiomyocytes. α1-AR stimulated glucose oxidation was blocked by the AMPK inhibitor, dorsomorphin dihydrochloride, and the PKC inhibitor, rottlerin. Ischemic conditions were induced by lowering the glucose concentration from 22.5 mM to 1.375 mM. Under ischemic conditions, we found that phenylephrine also increased glucose oxidation. We report a direct role of α1-ARs in regulating glucose oxidation under normal and ischemic conditions that may lead to new therapeutic approaches in treating ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Papay
- The Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dianne M Perez
- The Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
There are 2 α1-ARs on cardiac myocytes: α1A and α1B. α1A adrenergic receptors serve important cardioprotective roles and do not mediate cardiac hypertrophy. Dabuzalgron, an oral α1A-AR agonist developed for the treatment of urinary incontinence and tolerated well in Phase 2 clinical trials, protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo. Dabuzalgron enhances contractile function, regulates transcription of genes related to energy production and mitochondrial function, and preserves myocardial ATP content after doxorubicin. Activation of α1A-ARs on cardiomyocytes protects against doxorubicin cytotoxicity and enhances mitochondrial function in vitro. These cytoprotective effects likely are mediated by activation of ERK 1/2. Future studies will explore whether dabuzalgron, a well-tolerated oral α1A-AR agonist, might be repurposed to treat heart failure.
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) play adaptive and protective roles in the heart. Dabuzalgron is an oral selective α1A-AR agonist that was well tolerated in multiple clinical trials of treatment for urinary incontinence, but has never been used to treat heart disease in humans or animal models. In this study, the authors administered dabuzalgron to mice treated with doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent with dose-limiting cardiotoxicity that can lead to heart failure (HF). Dabuzalgron protected against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, likely by preserving mitochondrial function. These results suggest that activating cardiac α1A-ARs with dabuzalgron, a well-tolerated oral agent, might represent a novel approach to treating HF.
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Shi T, Papay RS, Perez DM. The role of α 1-adrenergic receptors in regulating metabolism: increased glucose tolerance, leptin secretion and lipid oxidation. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:124-132. [PMID: 27277698 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2016.1193522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) and their subtypes in metabolism is not well known. Most previous studies were performed before the advent of transgenic mouse models and utilized transformed cell lines and poorly selective antagonists. We have now studied the metabolic regulation of the α1A- and α1B-AR subtypes in vivo using knock-out (KO) and transgenic mice that express a constitutively active mutant (CAM) form of the receptor, assessing subtype-selective functions. CAM mice increased glucose tolerance while KO mice display impaired glucose tolerance. CAM mice increased while KO decreased glucose uptake into white fat tissue and skeletal muscle with the CAM α1A-AR showing selective glucose uptake into the heart. Using indirect calorimetry, both CAM mice demonstrated increased whole body fatty acid oxidation, while KO mice preferentially oxidized carbohydrate. CAM α1A-AR mice displayed significantly decreased fasting plasma triglycerides and glucose levels while α1A-AR KO displayed increased levels of triglycerides and glucose. Both CAM mice displayed increased plasma levels of leptin while KO mice decreased leptin levels. Most metabolic effects were more efficacious with the α1A-AR subtype. Our results suggest that stimulation of α1-ARs results in a favorable metabolic profile of increased glucose tolerance, cardiac glucose uptake, leptin secretion and increased whole body lipid metabolism that may contribute to its previously recognized cardioprotective and neuroprotective benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Robert S Papay
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Dianne M Perez
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
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Yoshiki H, Uwada J, Umada H, Kobayashi T, Takahashi T, Yamakawa T, Yamaguchi A, Yokoyama O, Muramatsu I. Agonist pharmacology at recombinant α1A - and α1L -adrenoceptors and in lower urinary tract α1 -adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1242-52. [PMID: 24024968 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Two distinct α1 -adrenoceptor phenotypes (α1A and α1L ) have recently been demonstrated to originate from a single α1A -adrenoceptor gene. Here, we examined the agonist profiles of recombinant α1A and α1L phenotypes and of lower urinary tract (LUT) α1 -adrenoceptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A series of drugs (A61603, Ro 115-1240, NS-49 , MK017 and ESR1150) originally developed for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) therapy were used to stimulate recombinant α1A - and α1L -adrenoceptor phenotypes, and their potencies and intrinsic activity estimated from Ca(2+) responses. Agonist-induced contractions were also examined in LUT tissues of rats and humans and in human mesenteric artery and rat tail artery. KEY RESULTS All the drugs were potent agonists of the α1A -adrenoceptor compared with the α1L -adrenoceptor phenotype. Among them, Ro 115-1240 was shown to be an α1A -specific partial agonist that produced partial contractions through α1A -adrenoceptors in rat prostate and tail artery, but not in the other LUT tissues and human mesenteric artery. In contrast, P-come 102 showed full agonist activity at α1A - and α1L -adrenoceptors, but was less selective than noradrenaline for α1A -adrenoceptors. Like noradrenaline, P-come 102 was highly potent at inducing contractions in all of the LUT tissues tested. However, the potency and intrinsic activity of P-come 102 were significantly lower than those of noradrenaline in human mesenteric artery. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The α1A - and α1L -adrenoceptor phenotypes and LUT α1 -adrenoceptors were demonstrated to have distinct agonist profiles. As adrenergic contractions in LUT are predominantly mediated through α1L -adrenoceptors, the development of α1L -selective agonists may provide clinically useful drugs for SUI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsumi Yoshiki
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Nishimune A, Yoshiki H, Uwada J, Anisuzzaman ASM, Umada H, Muramatsu I. Phenotype pharmacology of lower urinary tract α(1)-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1226-34. [PMID: 21745191 PMCID: PMC3372711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
α(1)-Adrenoceptors are involved in numerous physiological functions, including micturition. However, the pharmacological profile of the α(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes remains controversial. Here, we review the literature regarding α(1)-adrenoceptors in the lower urinary tract from the standpoint of α(1L) phenotype pharmacology. Among three α(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes (α(1A), α(1B) and α(1D)), α(1a)-adrenoceptor mRNA is the most abundantly transcribed in the prostate, urethra and bladder neck of many species, including humans. In prostate homogenates or membrane preparations, α(1A)-adrenoceptors with high affinity for prazosin have been detected as radioligand binding sites. Functional α(1)-adrenoceptors in the prostate, urethra and bladder neck have low affinity for prazosin, suggesting the presence of an atypical α(1)-adrenoceptor phenotype (designated as α(1L)). The α(1L)-adrenoceptor occurs as a distinct binding entity from the α(1A)-adrenoceptor in intact segments of variety of tissues including prostate. Both the α(1L)- and α(1A)-adrenoceptors are specifically absent from Adra1A (α(1a)) gene-knockout mice. Transfection of α(1a)-adrenoceptor cDNA predominantly expresses α(1A)-phenotype in several cultured cell lines. However, in CHO cells, such transfection expresses α(1L)- and α(1A)-phenotypes. Under intact cell conditions, the α(1L)-phenotype is predominant when co-expressed with the receptor interacting protein, CRELD1α. In summary, recent pharmacological studies reveal that two distinct α(1)-adrenoceptor phenotypes (α(1A) and α(1L)) originate from a single Adra1A (α(1a)-adrenoceptor) gene, but adrenergic contractions in the lower urinary tract are predominantly mediated via the α(1L)-adrenoceptor. From the standpoint of phenotype pharmacology, it is likely that phenotype-based subtypes such as the α(1L)-adrenoceptor will become new targets for drug development and pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nishimune
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, and Child Development Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
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Doze VA, Papay RS, Goldenstein BL, Gupta MK, Collette KM, Nelson BW, Lyons MJ, Davis BA, Luger EJ, Wood SG, Haselton JR, Simpson PC, Perez DM. Long-term α1A-adrenergic receptor stimulation improves synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, mood, and longevity. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 80:747-58. [PMID: 21791575 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.073734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of α(1)-adrenergic receptors (α(1)ARs) in cognition and mood is controversial, probably as a result of past use of nonselective agents. α(1A)AR activation was recently shown to increase neurogenesis, which is linked to cognition and mood. We studied the effects of long-term α(1A)AR stimulation using transgenic mice engineered to express a constitutively active mutant (CAM) form of the α(1A)AR. CAM-α(1A)AR mice showed enhancements in several behavioral models of learning and memory. In contrast, mice that have the α(1A)AR gene knocked out displayed poor cognitive function. Hippocampal brain slices from CAM-α(1A)AR mice demonstrated increased basal synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation, and long-term potentiation compared with wild-type (WT) mice. WT mice treated with the α(1A)AR-selective agonist cirazoline also showed enhanced cognitive functions. In addition, CAM-α(1A)AR mice exhibited antidepressant and less anxious phenotypes in several behavioral tests compared with WT mice. Furthermore, the lifespan of CAM-α(1A)AR mice was 10% longer than that of WT mice. Our results suggest that long-term α(1A)AR stimulation improves synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, mood, and longevity. This may afford a potential therapeutic target for counteracting the decline in cognitive function and mood associated with aging and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van A Doze
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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A combined cell membrane chromatography and online HPLC/MS method for screening compounds from Radix Caulophylli acting on the human α1A-adrenoceptor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:1032-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nishimune A, Suzuki F, Yoshiki H, Morishima S, Muramatsu I. Identification of Cysteine-Rich Epidermal Growth Factor–Like Domain 1α (CRELD1α) as a Novel α1A-Adrenoceptor–Down-Regulating Protein and Establishment of an α1L-Adrenoceptor–Expressing Cell Line. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 113:169-81. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10093fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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17
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Adrenoceptors, �� 1. Br J Pharmacol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00501_7.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Nishimune A, Suzuki F, Yoshiki H, Morishima S, Muramatsu I. Alpha 1-adrenoceptor pharmacome: alpha 1L-adrenoceptor and alpha 1A-adrenoceptor in the lower urinary tract. Int J Urol 2009; 17:31-7. [PMID: 19694838 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2009.02368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha(1)-adrenoceptors are involved in physiological functions such as urinary excretion and ejaculation in the lower urinary tract (LUT). Several alpha(1) antagonists are clinically used for the treatment of urinary obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. At present, three classical alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes (alpha(1A), alpha(1B), and alpha(1D)) have been identified, among which the alpha(1A) and alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor subtypes have been regarded as the main targets of alpha(1) antagonist therapy for LUT symptoms. Prazosin has been used as a prototypic, classical antagonist, to characterize alpha(1)-adrenoceptors pharmacologically, (i.e. all classical alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes show high-affinity for the drug). However, we found that alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in the LUT show atypical low-affinity for prazosin. Therefore, the concept alpha(1L)-receptor, which indicates alpha(1)-adrenoceptor(s) showing low-affinity for prazosin has been introduced. A recent study demonstrated that the alpha(1L)-adrenoceptor is a specific phenotype present in the many intact tissues including human LUT, and that it originates from the ADRA1A gene. Therefore, the alpha(1L)-adrenoceptor in the LUT is now re-defined as alpha(1A(L))-adrenoceptor. The physiological and pharmacological difference between classical alpha(1A(H),) and alpha(1A(L)) which is the native receptor expressed in the LUT is of special interest as it provides fundamental bases for urological alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor blocking pharmacotherapy. Here, we briefly review the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in the LUT with special reference to phenotype-based (pharmacome) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nishimune
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
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Conlon K, Christy C, Westbrook S, Whitlock G, Roberts L, Stobie A, McMurray G. Pharmacological properties of 2-((R-5-chloro-4-methoxymethylindan-1-yl)-1H-imidazole (PF-3774076), a novel and selective alpha1A-adrenergic partial agonist, in in vitro and in vivo models of urethral function. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 330:892-901. [PMID: 19498105 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.154963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
2-((R-5-chloro-4-methoxymethyl-indan-1-yl)-1H-imidazole (PF-3774076) is a central nervous system (CNS) penetrant, potent, selective, partial agonist at the human alpha1(A)-adrenoceptor, demonstrating efficacy and selectivity in a range of binding and functional assays. In vivo, PF-3774076 increases peak urethral pressure in anesthetized female dogs in a dose-dependent manner, inducing changes in both the proximal and distal portions of the urethra via a central mechanism of action. The profile of this compound suggests that a CNS penetrant partial agonist at the alpha1(A)-adrenoceptor may offer significant benefit in stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, despite partial agonism at the alpha1(A)-adrenoceptor and selectivity over alpha1(B)- and alpha1(D)-adrenoceptors, PF-3774076 did not offer the necessary degree of separation over cardiovascular events when assessed in in vivo models of cardiovascular function. This may be due to activation of both peripheral and central alpha1(A)-adrenoceptors. These data indicate that although central, partial alpha1(A)-agonists may offer significant benefit in the treatment of SUI, it may not be possible to achieve the desired level of urethral selectivity over cardiovascular events with this class of agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Conlon
- Department of Genitourinary Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9NJ.
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Potent and selective alpha1A adrenoceptor partial agonists--novel imidazole frameworks. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3118-21. [PMID: 19394220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel imidazole frameworks have been identified as potent partial agonists of the alpha(1A) adrenergic receptor, with good selectivity over the alpha(1B), alpha(1D) and alpha(2A) receptor sub-types. Nitrile 28 possessed attractive CNS drug-like properties with good membrane permeability and no P-pg mediated efflux. 28 also possessed excellent solubility, metabolic stability and wide ligand selectivity.
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Novel 2-imidazoles as potent and selective α1A adrenoceptor partial agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2930-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gur S, Kadowitz PJ, Hellstrom WJG. Guide to Drug Therapy for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Benign Prostatic Obstruction. Drugs 2008; 68:209-29. [DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200868020-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Baker JG, Hill SJ. Multiple GPCR conformations and signalling pathways: implications for antagonist affinity estimates. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2007; 28:374-81. [PMID: 17629959 PMCID: PMC2169386 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Antagonist affinity measurements have traditionally been considered important in characterizing the cell-surface receptors present in a particular cell or tissue. A central assumption has been that antagonist affinity is constant for a given receptor-antagonist interaction, regardless of the agonist used to stimulate that receptor or the downstream response that is measured. As a consequence, changes in antagonist affinity values have been taken as initial evidence for the presence of novel receptor subtypes. Emerging evidence suggests, however, that receptors can possess multiple binding sites and the same receptor can show different antagonist affinity measurements under distinct experimental conditions. Here, we discuss several mechanisms by which antagonists have different affinities for the same receptor as a consequence of allosterism, coupling to different G proteins, multiple (but non-interacting) receptor sites, and signal-pathway-dependent pharmacology (where the pharmacology observed varies depending on the signalling pathway measured).
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Michel MC, Vrydag W. Alpha1-, alpha2- and beta-adrenoceptors in the urinary bladder, urethra and prostate. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147 Suppl 2:S88-119. [PMID: 16465187 PMCID: PMC1751487 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1 We have systematically reviewed the presence, functional responses and regulation of alpha(1)-, alpha(2)- and beta-adrenoceptors in the bladder, urethra and prostate, with special emphasis on human tissues and receptor subtypes. 2 Alpha(1)-adrenoceptors are only poorly expressed and play a limited functional role in the detrusor. Alpha(1)-adrenoceptors, particularly their alpha(1A)-subtype, show a more pronounced expression and promote contraction of the bladder neck, urethra and prostate to enhance bladder outlet resistance, particularly in elderly men with enlarged prostates. Alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonists are important in the treatment of symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but their beneficial effects may involve receptors within and outside the prostate. 3 Alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, mainly their alpha(2A)-subtype, are expressed in bladder, urethra and prostate. They mediate pre-junctional inhibition of neurotransmitter release and also a weak contractile effect in the urethra of some species, but not humans. Their overall post-junctional function in the lower urinary tract remains largely unclear. 4 Beta-adrenoceptors mediate relaxation of smooth muscle in the bladder, urethra and prostate. The available tools have limited the unequivocal identification of receptor subtypes at the protein and functional levels, but it appears that the beta(3)- and beta(2)-subtypes are important in the human bladder and urethra, respectively. Beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonists are promising drug candidates for the treatment of the overactive bladder. 5 We propose that the overall function of adrenoceptors in the lower urinary tract is to promote urinary continence. Further elucidation of the functional roles of their subtypes will help a better understanding of voiding dysfunction and its treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Male
- Muscle Contraction
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Prostate/drug effects
- Prostate/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Urethra/drug effects
- Urethra/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder/drug effects
- Urinary Bladder/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Park JB. N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine increase cAMP via beta 2-adrenoceptors in myelocytic U937 cells. FASEB J 2005; 19:497-502. [PMID: 15790999 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2782com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
N-caffeoyldopamine is a phytochemical found in various plants, including cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). N-caffeoyldopamine and its natural analogs (N-cinnamoyldopamine, N-coumaroyldopamine, N-feruloyldopamine, and N-sinapoyldopamine) were synthesized and investigated to determine their potency as beta-adrenoceptor agonists, because they have chemical structural moieties found in beta-adrenoceptor agonists. Among the compounds tested in this study, N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine were the two most potent compounds, able to increase cAMP at the concentrations < 0.05 microM in U937 cells. The decreasing order of potency was N-coumaroyldopamine > N-caffeoyldopamine > N-feruloyldopamine > N-sinapoyldopamine > N-cinnamoyldopamine. Using beta2-specific antagonists (butoxamine and ICI 118551), N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine were found to increase cAMP via beta2-adrenoceptors in U937 cells. In producing cAMP in U937 cells, N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine were as potent as several well-known beta2-adrenoceptor agonists (salbutamol, procaterol, and fenoterol). These results indicate that N-coumaroyldopamine and N-caffeoyldopamine are potent compounds able to increase cAMP via beta2-adrenoceptors in U937 cells, and may have potential effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae B Park
- Phytonutrients Laboratory, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, 307C, Rm. 131, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to review data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine, a selective serotonin (5-HT)-norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor that has received US Food and Drug Administration marketing approval for the treatment of major depressive disorder and painful diabetic neuropathy, and that has been investigated as a treatment for stress urinary incontinence. METHODS A MEDLINE/PubMed search was conducted to identify English-language study reports. In addition, proceedings of meetings of the International Continence Society, European Association of Urology, American Urological Association, and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology were reviewed for relevant abstracts (search terms included duloxetine, thiophenes, serotonin uptake inhibitors, adrenergic uptake inhibitors, and stress urinary incontinence). Additional references were obtained from the bibliographies of these sources. Data for the period from 1986 through January 2005 were reviewed. RESULTS All in vitro and in vivo studies of duloxetine were included. Because both 5-HT and NE are involved in the maintenance of urinary continence, duloxetine may have a role in the treatment of urinary incontinence. Duloxetine is primarily eliminated via metabolism, with < 1% of the parent compound excreted via urine. Duloxetine QD or BID has been found to be significantly superior to placebo in reducing incontinence episode frequency (P < 0.001 to P < 0.05), increasing the interval between micturitions (P < 0.001 to P = 0.004), and improving the condition as measured by patient self-report (P < 0.001 to P = 0.028) and incontinence quality-of-life scores (P = 0.002 to P = 0.03). The most problematic adverse events are nausea, dry mouth, constipation, dizziness, and insomnia. CONCLUSIONS Although statistically superior to placebo in efficacy trials, the clinical effects of duloxetine therapy on incontinence are small, suggesting that any benefits to the patient would be modest and must be weighed against the drug's adverse event profile. No comparative efficacy/tolerability data with alpha-receptor agonists (eg, pseudoephedrine) are available. On the basis of available data, duloxetine is a modest, but welcome, advance in the pharmacotherapeutic management of stress urinary incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R P Guay
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
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Wyllie MG. The final dose of clinical trial designs. BJU Int 2004; 94:929-30. [PMID: 15476538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2003.05131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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