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The association between the dietary pattern in abdominal obesity based on visceral fat index and dyslipidaemia in the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:762-769. [PMID: 34511145 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the association between dietary patterns in abdominal obesity obtained by reduced-rank regression (RRR) with visceral fat index (VFI) as a dependent variable and dyslipidemia in rural adults in Henan, China. A total of 29538 people aged 18-79 were selected from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. RRR analysis was used to identify dietary patterns; logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline regression models were applied to analyze the association between dietary patterns in abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. VFI was used as a mediator to estimate the mediation effect. The dietary pattern in abdominal obesity was characterized by high carbohydrate and red meat intake and low consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, milk, etc. After full adjustment, the highest quartile of dietary pattern scores was significantly associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia (OR: 1·33, 95 % CI 1·23-1·44, Ptrend < 0·001), there was a non-linear dose-response relationship between them (Poverall-association < 0·001, Pnon-lin-association = 0·022). The result was similar in dose-response between the dietary pattern scores and VFI. The indirect effect partially mediated by VFI was significant (OR: 1·07, 95 % CI 1·06-1·08). VIF explained approximately 53·3 % of odds of dyslipidemia related to the dietary pattern. Abdominal obesity dietary pattern scores positively affected VFI and dyslipidemia; there was a dose-response in both relationships. Dyslipidemia progression increased with higher abdominal obesity dietary pattern scores. In addition, VFI played a partial mediating role in relationship between abdominal obesity dietary pattern and dyslipidemia.
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Yao WY, Han MG, De Vito G, Fang H, Xia Q, Chen Y, Liu X, Wei Y, Rothman RL, Xu WH. Physical Activity and Glycemic Control Status in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084292. [PMID: 33919529 PMCID: PMC8073010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This secondary analysis was designed to evaluate the independent effect of physical activity (PA) on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 799 T2DM patients from eight communities of Shanghai, China, were randomized into one control arm and three intervention arms receiving 1-year interventions of health literacy, exercise, or both. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months and quantified as metabolic equivalents (Mets). A multiple level mixed regression model was applied to evaluate the associations between PA and HbA1c level. After adjusting for potential confounders including interaction of PA level with initial PA or HbA1c, a significant improved HbA1c was observed for the patients in the medium versus the lowest tertile groups of overall PA at 12 months (β: −3.47, 95%CI: −5.33, −1.60) and for those in the highest versus the lowest tertile group at 24 months (β: −0.50, 95%CI: −1.00, −0.01), resulting in a β (95%CI) of −3.49 (95%CI: −5.87, −1.11) during the whole two-year period of follow-up. The negative association was also observed when the subjects were classified according to their exercise levels using the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation as a cut-off point. The beneficial effect of higher PA level was only observed among patients having a lower level of baseline HbA1c or PA or both (all p values for interaction <0.05). Our results provide evidence for the beneficial effect of PA and suggest that the exercise intervention should be addressed to the physically inactive patients to improve their PA level to a physiological threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.-Y.Y.); (M.-G.H.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Meng-Ge Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.-Y.Y.); (M.-G.H.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Hong Fang
- Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201102, China;
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200051, China;
| | - Yingyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (National Health Commission), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.-Y.Y.); (M.-G.H.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.-Y.Y.); (M.-G.H.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (National Health Commission), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Russell L. Rothman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Wang-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.-Y.Y.); (M.-G.H.); (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (National Health Commission), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-54237679
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Yan X, Han X, Wu C, Shang X, Zhang L, He M. Effect of physical activity on reducing the risk of diabetic retinopathy progression: 10-year prospective findings from the 45 and Up Study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239214. [PMID: 33444338 PMCID: PMC7808642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the association of physical activities (PA) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression based on a 10-year follow-up of a large cohort of working-aged diabetic populations in Australia. Methods Nine thousand and eighteen working-aged diabetic patients were enrolled from the baseline of the 45 and Up Study from New South Wales, Australia. Self-reported PA collected by questionnaire at baseline in 2006 was graded into low (<5 sessions/week), medium (≥5–14), and high (≥14) levels. Retinal photocoagulation (RPC) treatment during the follow-up period was used as a surrogate for DR progression and was tracked through the Medicare Benefits Schedule, which was available from 2004 to 2016. Cox regression was used to estimate the association between PA and RPC incidence. Results In the fully adjusted model, higher PA level was significantly associated with a lower risk of RPC incident (Cox-regression, p-value for trend = 0.002; medium vs. low, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.78, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.61–0.98; high vs. low, HR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.36–0.84. In addition, gender, body mass index, insulin treatment, family history of diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease were significant effect modifiers for the association between PA and RPC. Conclusions Higher PA level was independently associated with a lower risk of DR progression among working-aged diabetic populations in this large cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Yan
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Eye Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changfan Wu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (LZ); (MH)
| | - Mingguang He
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Boyer WR, Churilla JR, Ehrlich SF, Crouter SE, Hornbuckle LM, Fitzhugh EC. Protective role of physical activity on type 2 diabetes: Analysis of effect modification by race-ethnicity. J Diabetes 2018; 10:166-178. [PMID: 28544478 PMCID: PMC5701882 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known physical activity (PA) plays a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the extent to which PA may affect T2D risk among different race-ethnic groups is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to systematically examine the effect modification of race-ethnicity on PA and T2D. METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched through June 2016. Study assessment for inclusion was conducted in three phases: title review (n = 13 022), abstract review (n = 2200), and full text review (n = 265). In all, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria and were used in the analysis. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. All analyses used a random-effects model. RESULTS A significant protective summary RR, comparing the most active group with the least active PA group, was found for non-Hispanic White (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.60-0.85), Asians (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.85), Hispanics (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.89), and American Indians (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.88). The summary effect for non-Hispanic Blacks (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.76-1.08) was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that PA (comparing most to least active groups) provides significant protection from T2D, with the exception of non-Hispanic Blacks. The results also indicate a need for race-ethnicity-specific reporting of RRs in prospective cohort studies that incorporate multiethnic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Boyer
- University of Tennessee, Dept. of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, Knoxville, TN
| | - James R. Churilla
- University of North Florida, Dept. of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Scott E. Crouter
- University of Tennessee, Dept. of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, Knoxville, TN
| | - Lyndsey M. Hornbuckle
- University of Tennessee, Dept. of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, Knoxville, TN
| | - Eugene C. Fitzhugh
- University of Tennessee, Dept. of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sports Studies, Knoxville, TN
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Petermann F, Díaz-Martínez X, Garrido-Méndez Á, Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Salas C, Poblete-Valderrama F, Celis-Morales C. [Association between type 2 diabetes and physical activity in individuals with family history of diabetes]. GACETA SANITARIA 2017; 32:230-235. [PMID: 29203323 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and family history of diabetes is modified by the levels of physical activity in the Chilean population. METHOD In this study were included 5129 participants from the cross-sectional 2009-2010 National Health Survey. Physical activity level was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and family history of T2D, through self-reporting. The association between diabetes, family history of diabetes and physical activity was determined using logistic regression. RESULTS The odds of developing T2D in people with family history of this pathology is high, independent of their levels of physical activity and adiposity. Both men and women with family history of T2D have a higher probability of developing T2D. The odds ratio for having T2D was 5,49 (95%CI: 3,85-7,84; p <0,0001) in women, and 8,16 (95%CI: 4,96-13,4; p <0,0001) in men with family history of T2D and low levels of physical activity in comparison to those with high levels of physical activity and without a family history. CONCLUSION Given the elevated risk of developing T2D presented by individuals with a family history of this pathology, and the effect of physical activity in reducing such risk, people with family history of diabetes may need higher levels of physical activity to attenuate their susceptibility to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Petermann
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ximena Díaz-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación Calidad de Vida, Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad del Biobío, Chillán, Chile
| | | | - Ana María Leiva
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Adela Martínez
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Salas
- Departamento de Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigaciones en Fisiología Integrada y Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
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Physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:529-42. [PMID: 26092138 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between specific types of physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies. PubMed, Embase and Ovid databases were searched for prospective studies and randomized trials up to 2nd of March 2015. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a random effects model. Eighty-one studies were included. The summary RRs for high versus low activity were 0.65 (95 % CI 0.59-0.71, I(2) = 18 %, n = 14) for total physical activity, 0.74 (95 % CI 0.70-0.79, I(2) = 84 %, n = 55) for leisure-time activity, 0.61 (95 % CI 0.51-0.74, I(2) = 73 %, n = 8) for vigorous activity, 0.68 (95 % CI 0.52-0.90, I(2) = 93 %, n = 5) for moderate activity, 0.66 (95 % CI 0.47-0.94, I(2) = 47 %, n = 4) for low intensity activity, and 0.85 (95 % CI 0.79-0.91, I(2) = 0 %, n = 7) for walking. Inverse associations were also observed for increasing activity over time, resistance exercise, occupational activity and for cardiorespiratory fitness. Nonlinear relations were observed for leisure-time activity, vigorous activity, walking and resistance exercise (p nonlinearity < 0.0001 for all), with steeper reductions in type 2 diabetes risk at low activity levels than high activity levels. This meta-analysis provides strong evidence for an inverse association between physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes, which may partly be mediated by reduced adiposity. All subtypes of physical activity appear to be beneficial. Reductions in risk are observed up to 5-7 h of leisure-time, vigorous or low intensity physical activity per week, but further reductions cannot be excluded beyond this range.
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Elkum N, Al-Arouj M, Sharifi M, Behbehani K, Bennakhi A. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in the South Asian population living in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study. Diabet Med 2014; 31:531-9. [PMID: 24344774 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High rates of diabetes and cardiovascular disease have been reported in South Asian immigrants in many countries. However, the prevalence and characteristics of cardiovascular disease risk factors among a South Asian population living in Kuwait have not yet been investigated. This study was therefore designed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and determine whether they are independently associated with diabetes in such a population. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1094 South Asians (781 men and 313 women), mainly Indian and Pakistani (≥ 18 years of age), of whom 75.1% were Indians. Interviews were carried out, during which socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected, followed by a physical examination and collection of fasting blood samples for laboratory investigations. Diabetes was defined by fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7 mmol/l, or being on treatment, and/or self-reported previously diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes was 21.1%, with 3.4% of that percentage of people being newly diagnosed. Using BMI measurements, 24.0% of those who participated in the study were obese and 46.1% were overweight. Dyslipidaemia was found in 77.6% and hypertension in 44.8%. Advancing age (≥ 40 years), male gender, high LDL, high total cholesterol, hypertension and positive family history of diabetes were significantly associated with increased risk of diabetes. CONCLUSION Our study shows that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in South Asian expatriates in Kuwait exceeds prevalence rates reported in their homeland and other countries. This may suggest the added stress of environmental factors on the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors in such populations. Specialized prevention programmes targeting such high-risk ethnic populations are paramount and need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Elkum
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Frerichs L, Huang TTK, Chen DR. Associations of subjective social status with physical activity and body mass index across four Asian countries. J Obes 2014; 2014:710602. [PMID: 24971171 PMCID: PMC4058138 DOI: 10.1155/2014/710602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to (1) assess physical activity and weight status differences and (2) explore the direction and shape of subjective social status (SSS) association with physical activity and weight status within four Asian countries. METHODS Cross section data of adult respondents from the nationally representative East Asian Social Survey were used for analyses. Logistic regression stratified by gender was conducted for the first aim, and simple and quadratic logistic regression models were used for the second. RESULTS SSS was significantly associated with odds of weekly or daily physical activity across all countries and genders, except for South Korean and Japanese females. Quadratic models provided significantly better fit for Chinese males (LR (d.f. = 1) = 6.51, P value <.05) and females (LR (d.f. = 1) = 7.36, P value <.01), South Korean males (LR (d.f. = 1) = 4.40, P value <.05), and Taiwanese females (LR (d.f. = 1) = 4.87, P value <.05). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comparable cross Asian country measure of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and new findings that a connection exists between SSS and physical activity. Differences of class distinction help explain the different shaped SSS relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Frerichs
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Terry T.-K. Huang
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Duan-Rung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- *Duan-Rung Chen:
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Abstract
Diabetes is a major public health problem that affects certain ethnicities disproportionately. Physical activity (PA) (exercise) is a key component necessary for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Adults with and without diabetes may face challenges that interfere with following exercise recommendations. This article reviews the relationships among PA, race/ethnicity, behaviors, and health outcomes of adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. The authors review recent cross-sectional and intervention studies and assess their relevance to clinical practice. This is a focused review of the literature from January 2010 to September 2012 on the relationship among PA, type 2 diabetes, and race/ ethnicity with respect to the following components: (1) PA and the likelihood of persons with prediabetes developing diabetes; (2) PA and improvements in health outcomes of persons with prediabetes; (3) PA and improvements in health outcomes of persons with type 2 diabetes; and (4) enablers of and barriers to PA for persons with type 2 diabetes. The initiation of effective PA programs designed to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes or improve diabetes outcomes rely on a critical interpretation of current research findings.
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Sakurai M, Nakamura K, Miura K, Takamura T, Yoshita K, Sasaki S, Nagasawa S, Morikawa Y, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Suwazono Y, Nakagawa H. Family history of diabetes, lifestyle factors, and the 7-year incident risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Japanese men and women. J Diabetes Investig 2013; 4:261-8. [PMID: 24843664 PMCID: PMC4015662 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction This cohort study of middle‐aged Japanese participants investigated the relationship between family history of diabetes, the incident risk of type 2 diabetes and the interaction of these variables with other factors. Materials and Methods Study participants were 3,517 employees (2,037 men and 1,480 women) of a metal products factory in Japan. Baseline health examinations included questions about medical history, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, questions about lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and habitual exercise, and a self‐administered diet history questionnaire. Family history of diabetes was defined as having at least one‐first‐degree relative with diabetes. The incidence of diabetes was determined in annual medical examinations over a 7‐year period. Hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes were estimated by Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results Of the 3,517 participants, 630 (18%) had a family history of diabetes mellitus. During the study, 228 participants developed diabetes. The age and sex‐adjusted HR for type 2 diabetes in participants with a family history of diabetes was 1.82 (95% confidence interval 1.36–2.43) as compared with those without a family history of diabetes. HRs did not change after adjustment for body mass index and lifestyle factors. We found no interactions with body mass index, insulin resistance, pancreatic β‐cell function or lifestyle factors. Conclusions Family history of diabetes was associated with the incident risk of diabetes, and these associations were independent of other risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and lifestyle factors in Japanese men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawaJapan
- Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Corresponding author. Masaru Sakurai Tel.: +81‐76‐286‐2211 Fax: +81‐76‐286‐3728
E‐mail address:
| | - Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Health ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Disease Control and HomeostasisKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical ScienceKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food Science and NutritionGraduate School of Human Life ScienceOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive EpidemiologySchool of Public Healththe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shin‐ya Nagasawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental MedicineKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawa
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health SciencesCollege of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Yuchi Naruse
- Department of Community and Geriatric NursingToyama UniversityToyamaJapan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupation and Environmental MedicineGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawaJapan
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Alarouj M, Bennakhi A, Alnesef Y, Sharifi M, Elkum N. Diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors in the State of Kuwait: the first national survey. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:89-96. [PMID: 23241053 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide as well as in Kuwait. People with diabetes have two to five times greater risk of developing CVD as compared with non-diabetic individuals. To date, little information exists on the prevalence and characteristics of cardiovascular risk factors in Kuwait. The objective of this survey was to address the growing burden of diabetes and related cardiovascular risk factors, and to estimate, for the first time, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the State of Kuwait. METHODS The study was carried out using the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach for surveillance of non-communicable disease risk factors. This study represents a national survey for Kuwaiti nationals aged between 20 and 65 years. All participants were involved in an interview for gathering sociodemographic information, underwent focused physical examination and donated a blood sample for the study-specific laboratory investigations. RESULTS A total of 1970 subjects, with a mean age of 48.9 ± 10.5, were screened. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was as follows: diabetes 17.9%, dyslipidaemia 70.3%, hypertension 25.3% and obesity 48.2%. Over 62% had a sedentary lifestyle, and 17.8% were smokers. The prevalence of diabetes and dyslipidaemia increased with age and body mass index. Diabetes was also significantly associated with age above 40 years (OR = 10.5), family history of diabetes (OR = 2.79), hypertension (OR = 2.22), obesity (OR = 2.87) and lower literacy (OR = 4.23). CONCLUSIONS This study found that advancing age (≥ 40 years), diabetes mellitus, obesity, positive family history of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia are significant risk factors for developing CVD in Kuwait as in other parts of the world. Understanding these factors allows for preventive measures to be taken for Kuwaiti population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alarouj
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Department of Clinical Services, Kuwait City, Kuwait Kuwait Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Das M, Pal S, Ghosh A. Family history of type 2 diabetes and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adult Asian Indians. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2012; 3:104-8. [PMID: 22629026 PMCID: PMC3354451 DOI: 10.4103/0975-3583.95362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our objective was to test the association between familial risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in adult Asian Indians. Materials and Methods: A total of 448 adult (>30 years) individuals (257 males and 191 females) participated in the study. Familial risk of T2DM was classified into three groups viz., 1=both parents affected; 2=parent and/or siblings affected and 3=none or no family history for T2DM. Anthropometric measures, blood pressures, fasting blood glucose and metabolic profiles were studied using standard techniques. MS was defined accordingly. The prevalence of MS phenotypes was estimated and compared among the three familial risk strata. Results: Individuals with a history of both parents affected from diabetes had significantly higher (P<0.001) body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting blood glucose (FBG; P=0.035) than individuals having no family history of T2DM. Significant difference was also noticed between individuals with and without MS according to the family history of diabetes (P<0.001). Differences were evident between individuals who fulfilled all the MS criteria (P=0.001) and individuals with only one or two criteria (phenotypes) according to family history of T2DM. Conclusion: Family history of T2DM had significant effect on individuals with MS as compared to their counterparts (individuals having no family history of T2DM). It therefore seems reasonable to argue that family history of T2DM could be useful as a predictive tool for early diagnosis and prevention of MS in Asian Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Das
- Department of Anthropology, Sree Chaitanya College, Habra, India
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