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Shaaban AN, Martins MRO, Peleteiro B. Factors associated with self-perceived health status in Portugal: Results from the National Health Survey 2014. Front Public Health 2022; 10:879432. [PMID: 36148345 PMCID: PMC9485892 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.879432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-perceived health is an important indicator of illness and mortality. This study aims at identifying a wide range of factors that can influence self-perceived health status among a representative sample in Portugal. Methods We used the 2014 National Health Survey (n = 17,057), whereby participants were required to assess their health status from "Very good," "Good," "Fair," "Poor" to "Very poor." We grouped the answers "Very good" and "Good," and "Poor" and "Very poor," respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare participants' characteristics across groups by computing odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Models included Socioeconomic/demographic characteristics, objective health status, healthcare use, functional disability, barriers to healthcare services utilization, lifestyle variables, mental health status, social support, and satisfaction with life as potential factors that can affect self-perceived health. Models were adjusted for sex, age, educational level, degree of urbanization, and presence of chronic diseases. Results About 45% of participants reported good/very good, 39% reported fair, while ~16% reported poor/very poor health perception. Poor/very poor health was more reported by women when compared to men (19.1 vs. 11.4%, respectively, p < 0.001). A higher prevalence of poor/very poor health status was reported by participants living in thinly populated areas or among older populations. Lower educational levels, lower income, as well as unemployment, were found to increase the risk of reporting poor/very poor health status. Utilizing healthcare services more frequently, experiencing barriers to access healthcare services, having depressive symptoms or activity limitations, or lacking social support were found to be significantly associated with poor/very poor self-perceived health. Conclusion Subjects living in Portugal tend to report less good/very good health status and more poor/very poor health when compared to the rest of Europe. This study stresses the importance of socioeconomic factors, chronic illness, barriers to access healthcare services, social isolation, and mental health status in influencing self-perceived health and highlights the urgent need for social-informed policies, strategies, and interventions to reduce health inequalities in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nabil Shaaban
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden,Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit) – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosario O. Martins
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Peleteiro
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit) – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,*Correspondence: Bárbara Peleteiro
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Muñoz-Prieto A, Nielsen LR, Dąbrowski R, Bjørnvad CR, Söder J, Lamy E, Monkeviciene I, Ljubić BB, Vasiu I, Savic S, Busato F, Yilmaz Z, Bravo-Cantero AF, Öhlund M, Lucena S, Zelvyte R, Aladrović J, Lopez-Jornet P, Caldin M, Lavrador C, Karveliene B, Mrljak V, Mazeikiene J, Tvarijonaviciute A. European dog owner perceptions of obesity and factors associated with human and canine obesity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13353. [PMID: 30190536 PMCID: PMC6127309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common nutrition-related disorder leading to reduced life expectancy in both humans and dogs. With the aim of identifying new prevention and control options, the study objectives were (1) to investigate dog-owner perceptions about obesity in terms of themselves and their dogs, and (2) to identify factors associated with obesity and possible social, environmental and economic drivers for its development in dog owners and their pets. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed across multiple countries. The questionnaire focused on human and canine obesity, associated factors and potential drivers, and was distributed online and in the form of hard copies among dog owners in 11 European countries. In total, 3,185 responses from ten countries were included in multivariable analyses. Between 19.1% and 48.8% of the dog owners reported to be overweight/obese. Owner-reported overweight/obesity in dogs ranged from 6.0% to 31.3% based on body condition score charts, and 31.8% to 69.4% based on body fat index charts. Common factors associated with obesity in owners and their dogs were age, gender and owners' attitudes to diet and physical activity. Dog owners who did not consider obesity to be a disease were more likely to have obese dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Ed.16, 4a planta, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 St, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Charlotte Reinhard Bjørnvad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej16, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Josefin Söder
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7011, SE_750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elsa Lamy
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ingrida Monkeviciene
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Research Center of Digestive Physiology and Pathology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Blanka Beer Ljubić
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iosif Vasiu
- Small Animal Emergency Hospital, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania
| | - Sara Savic
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Zeki Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059, Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Malin Öhlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sónia Lucena
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rasa Zelvyte
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Research Center of Digestive Physiology and Pathology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jasna Aladrović
- Department of Physiology and Radiobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pia Lopez-Jornet
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Spain
| | | | - Catarina Lavrador
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Birute Karveliene
- Veterinary faculty, Dr. L Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic (teaching hospital), Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jovita Mazeikiene
- InMedica Vilnius - Alfa Clinic, Baltrusaicio 3, 06120, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Ed.16, 4a planta, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
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General and abdominal adiposity in a representative sample of Portuguese adults: dependency of measures and socio-demographic factors’ influence. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:185-92. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aims of this study were: (i) to estimate the dependency between BMI and waist:height ratio (WHtR) as measures of general and abdominal adiposity, and (ii) to evaluate the influence of socio-demographic factors on both measures and on their dependency in risk classification. Data from a cross-sectional study conducted in 2009 among a representative sample of 3529 Portuguese adults were used. Height, weight and waist were measured and socio-demographic data (sex, age, education level, occupational status, marital status, region of residence) were obtained. Using logistic regression, crude and adjusted OR for high general (BMI≥25·0 kg/m2) and abdominal (WHtR≥0·5) adiposity, and for incompatible classification between them, were calculated. Above half (50·8 %) of the respondents had high BMI and 42·1 % had high WHtR, and the rates were higher in men than in women. There was an inverse association between education level and both adiposity measures. The lowest prevalence of high general and abdominal adiposity was observed in students and singles, whereas the highest was found in retired, widowed and respondents from Azores, Madeira and Alentejo. Nearly a quarter of respondents (24·0 %) were incompatibly classified by BMI and WHtR, with higher prevalence in men than in women and in low- than in high-educated people. Future surveys should focus on developing at least sex-specific cut-offs for both measures. Implementation of effective strategies for preventing and reducing high adiposity levels in Portugal should be directed primarily to men, older, low-educated individuals, as well as those living in the islands and poor regions of the country.
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Marques A, Gaspar De Matos M. Trends and correlates of overweight and Obesity among adolescents from 2002 to 2010: A three-cohort study based on a representative sample of Portuguese adolescents. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:844-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Marques
- Projeto Aventura Social; Lisboa Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Margarida Gaspar De Matos
- Projeto Aventura Social; Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais (CMDT); Lisboa Portugal
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Neves AL, Couto L. Cardiovascular risk in overweight/obese and lean hypertensive patients. Rev Port Cardiol 2014; 33:223-8. [PMID: 24830308 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and hypertension have been identified as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the role of obesity in the development and progression of target-organ disease in hypertensive patients is controversial. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of body weight on cardiovascular risk factors, target-organ disease and global cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients in a primary care setting. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was carried in Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (n=150). A detailed medical and personal history was obtained and a physical examination was performed. Venous blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected, and an electrocardiogram was performed. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham score. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS(®). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The sample was 71.8% female, with a mean age of 74.3 ± 10.8 years. The prevalence of obesity was 29.5%. Overweight/obese subjects presented lower mean HDL cholesterol (51.2 ± 13.9 mg/dl vs. 65.4 ± 35.2, p<0.005), higher triglycerides (137.8 ± 70.4 mg/dl vs. 111.5 ± 68.8 mg/dl, p<0.001), higher fasting glucose (111.9 ± 32.8 mg/dl vs. 98.4 ± 13.1 mg/dl, p<0.011) and more frequent mild valve disease (57.9% vs. 29.6%, p=0.021). Global cardiovascular risk was also significantly higher (10.9 ± 7.7 vs. 6.5 ± 5.7, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity appear to be related to a less favorable lipid and blood glucose profile and higher cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. On the basis of our findings we suggest strict metabolic monitoring and improved education on weight reduction and control at primary health care clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Neves
- GABBA Program, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Social Sciences and Health, Family Medicine Unit, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luciana Couto
- Department of Social Sciences and Health, Family Medicine Unit, University of Porto, Portugal
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Sousa P, Gaspar P, Fonseca H, Gaspar F. Lifestyle and treatment adherence among overweight adolescents. J Health Psychol 2014; 21:562-72. [PMID: 24788105 DOI: 10.1177/1359105314531469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of overweight adolescents' lifestyle on the adherence to weight control, and identifies their predictors. Participants were 94 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, attending a Paediatric Obesity Clinic. Lifestyle was assessed using the "Adolescent Lifestyle Profile" and treatment adherence through the "Therapeutic Adherence to Weight Control Questionnaire." Adherence to weight control was associated with various lifestyle domains. Several predictors were identified for lifestyle and adherence to weight control among overweight adolescents. A broad array of inter-correlations and predictors were identified and should be taken into account when designing adolescent weight control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helena Fonseca
- Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Hospital de Santa Maria (HSM), Portugal
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Cardiovascular risk in overweight/obese and lean hypertensive patients. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Seabra AC, Malina RM, Parker M, Seabra A, Brustad R, Maia JA, Fonseca AM. Validation and factorial invariance of children's attraction to physical activity (CAPA) scale in Portugal. Eur J Sport Sci 2013; 14:384-91. [PMID: 23957906 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2013.828777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Children's Attraction to Physical Activity (CAPA) scale assesses interest in and attraction to the physical activity (PA) of children of elementary school age. The original (25 items) and shorter versions (15 items) of the scale were developed and validated with American children. The purpose of this study was to cross-validate the shorter version of the CAPA scale for use with Portuguese schoolchildren and to examine the invariance of the multidimensional factor structure of the scale in two samples. The sample comprised 683 children (7-10 years) from public primary schools. The sample was divided into calibration and cross-validation samples. The scale was translated into Portuguese and underwent forward translation, synthesis of the translation and backward translation and was then subjected to expert committee review, pretest and reliability assessment. Internal consistency for each of the five subscales within the a priori 5-factor structure of the CAPA scale was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha, followed by a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) for both the calibration and cross-validation samples. The maximum likelihood robust estimation method was used. The CFA demonstrated that a 5-factor structural model of the Portuguese translation of the CAPA scale was invariant. The construct analysed had the same basic meaning and structural and item differences within the two samples. The results indicated that the CAPA scale is appropriate for use with Portuguese schoolchildren. The availability of a valid and reliable scale should enhance opportunities for further understanding of children's involvement in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Seabra
- a Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Vieira VL, Gregório MJ, Cervato-Mancuso AM, Graça APSR. Ações de alimentação e nutrição e sua interface com segurança alimentar e nutricional: uma comparação entre Brasil e Portugal. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902013000200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Este trabalho se propõe a discutir comparativamente as ações de alimentação e nutrição que remetem ao tema da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) no Brasil e em Portugal, tendo em vista que diversos países têm estabelecido diretrizes para a garantia da alimentação adequada. Ambas as nações vivenciam situações de reduzida taxa de fecundidade, aumento da expectativa de vida e prevalências elevadas de doenças e agravos não transmissíveis. No Brasil, 30,2% das famílias vivem em insegurança alimentar; em Portugal, mesmo sem contabilizar a insegurança, 18,0% de seus habitantes encontram-se em risco de pobreza. A Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (PNAN) é o atual documento brasileiro que visa assegurar o acesso universal ao alimento. Portugal, devido à sua inserção na União Europeia, norteia-se pelo Segundo Plano de Ação Europeu para Política de Alimentação e Nutrição, da WHO, mas também pelo Plano Nacional de Saúde, atualizado periodicamente. Pautados pela intersetorialidade, os países apresentam ações relativas à SAN comuns, como aquelas relacionadas ao combate à obesidade, ao incentivo ao aleitamento materno, à prevenção de deficiências nutricionais e promoção de ações de educação alimentar em meio escolar, enquanto que, especificamente no Brasil, encontram-se estratégias relativas ao combate à desnutrição e, em Portugal, aquelas ligadas à indústria e à produção de alimentos seguros. Com relação à abordagem acerca da SAN, são verificadas distinções: a SAN é mais amplamente discutida pela política brasileira, enquanto que, em Portugal, o tema encontra-se implícito nas diversas ações de alimentação e nutrição.
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Andrade FBD, Caldas Junior ADF, Kitoko PM, Batista JEM, Andrade TBD. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in elderly people from Vitória-ES, Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2012; 17:749-56. [PMID: 22450417 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232012000300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its association with socio-economic status in a sample of non-institutionalized elderly people from Vitória-ES, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional survey with a sample of 882 elderly people aged 60 and over. Obesity and overweight were assessed using the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). All subjects answered a personal and socio-demographic questionnaire in relation to age, gender, marital status, physical activity, number of children, chronic diseases and smoking. Associations between categorical variables were tested using chi-square analysis with a 5% significance level. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high (41.8% and 23.4%, respectively) and 50.7% of the elderly had a substantially increased waist circumference. About 4.3% of the individuals had diabetes, 50.4% had hypertension and 14.9% were found to have both diseases. It was observed that both the BMI and WC were significant associated (p<0.05) with sex, marital status, the presence of diseases and with cigarette smoking.
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Carreira H, Pereira M, Azevedo A, Lunet N. Effect of the type of population on estimates of mean body mass index and prevalence of overweight and obesity: A systematic review of studies of Portuguese adults. Ann Hum Biol 2012; 39:223-38. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.681804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Carreira
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School,
Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Public Health, University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Pereira
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School,
Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Public Health, University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School,
Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Public Health, University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School,
Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Public Health, University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
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Trends of BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portugal (1995-2005): a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15:972-81. [PMID: 22369750 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980012000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Locale-specific data on BMI and overweight/obesity are necessary to understand how the obesity epidemic is evolving in each setting. We aimed to describe the temporal trends of mean BMI and prevalences of overweight/obesity in studies that evaluated Portuguese adults and older people. DESIGN Systematic review, conducted via a PubMed search up to January 2011 and independent reference screening and data extraction. Twenty-one eligible studies were identified. Data were extracted from the published reports and obtained from the authors of seven of the largest studies. Adjusted ecological estimates of mean BMI and prevalences of overweight/obesity were computed by linear regression. RESULTS Between 1995 and 2005, when using data obtained from anthropometric measurements, overweight prevalence increased by 3·2 % and 3·5 % and obesity prevalence by 7·4 % and 1·3 % among women and men, respectively, while mean BMI did not vary meaningfully. When using self-reported information, mean BMI increased by 0·8 kg/m2 and 0·9 kg/m2, overweight prevalence by 3·5 % and 3·7 % and obesity prevalence by 5·8 % and 5·5 % among women and men, respectively. Results from the 20-year-old conscripts (1960-2000) showed a marked increase in these outcomes in the last decades. CONCLUSIONS Our results show an important increase in overweight/obesity in younger ages. The trends in the indicators derived from self-reported data suggest an increase in awareness of the importance of overweight/obesity among the population.
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Ribeiro AI, Lopes C, Barros H, de Pina MDF. After a quarter of century, reduction in coronary heart disease mortality bypassed young adult males in Portugal. Int J Cardiol 2011; 152:279-81. [PMID: 21907432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Prevalence of obesity and overweight in male 18-year-olds in Austria from 2006 to 2010: an update. Eur Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-011-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guo X, Zheng H, Mattar SG, Lu X, Sandusky G, Navia JA, Kassab G. Reversible gastric restriction implant: safety and efficacy in a canine model. Obes Surg 2010; 21:1444-50. [PMID: 21038085 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-010-0299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric restrictive procedures are considered effective weight loss treatment for severe obesity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a reversible implant that renders a partial restriction of stomach in a canine model. METHODS The device was comprised of two longitudinal parallel non-compressive plates with two C-rings to create a small gastric pouch that opposed gastric distension. Three groups of non-obese mongrel dogs were included: group I (n = 6) underwent surgical implant for 6 weeks, group II (n = 6) underwent surgical implant for 6 weeks, followed by surgical removal of the implant and additional monitoring for 5 weeks, and group III (n = 5) served as sham-operated controls for groups I and II. Food intake and body weight were monitored, and the stomachs were examined histologically postmortem. RESULTS The average food intake was significantly decreased by 38.2% in group I as compared to group III throughout the 6 weeks of surgical implant (P < 0.05). The implanted dogs showed a progressive weight loss as compared to sham, which reached 21% by the end of 6 weeks. In group II, after 5 weeks of implant removal, the body weights recovered to approximately 96% of baseline. Histological evidence of the implant site at the gastric walls revealed no significant structural changes, tissue ischemia, hemorrhage, or necrosis. CONCLUSION Our results validate the feasibility of a reversible gastric restriction implant in a non-obese canine model, with the potential for achieving significant weight loss within 6 weeks and with no injury to the gastric wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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von Diemen V, Trindade MRM. Effect of the oral administration of monosodium glutamate during pregnancy and breast-feeding in the offspring of pregnant Wistar rats. Acta Cir Bras 2010; 25:37-42. [PMID: 20126886 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502010000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine the effects of the MSG (monosodium glutamate) in the offspring of pregnant rats through the comparison of the weight, NAL (nasal-anal length) and IL (Index of Lee) at birth and with 21 days of life. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats and their offspring were divided into 3 groups: GC, G10 and G20. Each of the groups received 0%, 10% and 20% of MSG, respectively from coupling until the end of the weaning period. RESULTS Neither weight nor NAL were different among the groups at birth. The group G20 at birth had an IL lower than the group GC (p<0,05) and with 21 days of life presented weight and NAL lower than the groups G10 and this lower than the GC (p<0,01). Otherwise the G20 at 21 days of life had the IL similar to the other two groups. The weight profit percentage from birth to the 21st day of life was lower in the G20 regarding the other two groups (p<0,01). The G20 had a NAL increase percentage from birth to the 21st day of life lower than the G10 and this lower than the GC (p<0,01). CONCLUSIONS MSG presented a dose-dependent relation in the variables weight and NAL. It caused a decrease in the growth pattern as well as in the weight gain pattern until the 21st day of life. The IL of the group 20% had an increased in relation to the control group after 3 weeks of follow up.
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Wallner A, Hirz A, Schober E, Harbich H, Waldhoer T. Evolution of cardiovascular risk factors among 18-year-old males in Austria between 1986 and 2005. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2010; 122:152-8. [PMID: 20361378 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-010-1305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to determine time trends in cardiovascular risk factors among young Austrian males between 1986 and 2005 and to examine socioeconomic and geographic differences. METHODS Data on Austrian conscripts were derived from the nationwide compulsory medical investigations held at military induction at 18 years of age. Four cohorts (1986-1990: n = 252,799; 1991-1995: n = 209,266; 1996-2000: n = 208,427; 2001-2005: n = 209,168) were examined with respect to their place of residence and level of education. Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum total-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Mean body mass index (BMI) was calculated: overweight was defined as BMI between 25 and <30 and obesity as BMI >or= 30. The Chi-squared test and ANOVA were used to test group differences. RESULTS During the 20-year observation period the prevalence of overweight increased from 13.3% to 15.7% (p < 0.001) and that of obesity from 2.6% to 5.4% (p < 0.001); in accordance, mean BMI and waist circumference increased significantly. Blood pressure and serum total-cholesterol level decreased (p < 0.001) during the period studied, although triglyceride levels (p < 0.001) increased. A significant east-west gradient was identified for the prevalence of overweight and obesity, waist circumference and mean BMI, with lower values in the urban population compared with those of rural inhabitants. Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were higher in conscripts belonging to lower socioeconomic strata. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a clear increase of mean BMI, waist circumference and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Austrian male adolescents during the past 20 years. Conscripts from rural regions and with lower levels of education showed the highest values. The investigation of conscript health appears to be a useful tool for risk surveillance in the male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Wallner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Guo X, Mattar S, Morales C, Navia JA, Kassab GS. Novel gastric sleeve magnetic implant: safety and efficacy in rats. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2009; 5:684-91. [PMID: 19796998 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is growing worldwide and has reached epidemic proportions. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy, which requires irreversible removal of gastric tissue, is considered an effective weight loss treatment of severe obesity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of a reversible gastric sleeve magnetic implant that mimics the vertical sleeve gastrectomy without the gastrectomy for weight loss in a group of normal and obese rats. METHODS A group of Zucker fatty rats either underwent surgical implantation or a sham operation and were followed up for 6 weeks. Also, a group of Wistar rats underwent surgical implantation for 6 weeks, followed by surgical implant removal at 6 weeks, and recovery for an additional 4 weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored after surgery to determine the efficacy of the device. A histologic examination for all rats was made to evaluate the change in the gastric wall in response to gastric sleeve magnetic implantation. RESULTS The implanted Zucker fatty and Wistar rats showed a statistically significant decrease in food intake and weight gain rate compared with the sham-operated rats (approximately 3%/wk of body weight loss in the treated group). Moreover, the decrease in the weight gain rate was sustained for 4 weeks after removal of the magnetic implant. The histologic evidence revealed an inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration and mild fibrosis and hyperplasia of blood vessels, as expected for any implant. No significant structural damage, tissue ischemia, hemorrhage, or necrosis was found in the gastric wall. CONCLUSION Our results have shown that the device is feasible in rats, results in effective weight loss, and can be easily removed. These findings, along with the lack of the need for resection of the native stomach, provide a compelling basis for additional development of the device in large animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited data are available regarding longitudinal changes in body weight. Here, we describe changes in the prevalences of overweight and obesity and calculated the incidence of these indices during a 10-year follow-up period for a large-scale cohort study in Japan. DESIGN Longitudinal analysis of data from a population-based cohort study, the Japan Public Health Center (JPHC) Study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 65 095 Japanese men and women, who were between the ages of 40 and 69 years at baseline and participated in the 5th- and 10th-year follow-up surveys of the JPHC, were enroled in the study. MEASUREMENTS Mean body mass index (BMI), calculated using self-reported height and weight, and the prevalences of overweight (BMI >or=25 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI >or=30 kg/m(2)) at each survey period. Incidences of overweight and obesity during the 10-year period. RESULTS On an average, individuals living in Okinawa had much higher BMIs than those living on the Main islands for all sex and age groups. During the follow-up period, the prevalences of overweight and obesity steadily increased in the cohorts aged less than 50 years at baseline in both sexes. Men in younger cohorts had a higher mean BMI than those in the same age group of older cohorts, whereas the opposite trend was observed in women. The incidence of overweight individuals was greater in Okinawa than on the Main islands and among younger generations than among older ones. CONCLUSION A longitudinal analysis at the individual level showed that the prevalences of overweight and obesity increased among middle-aged Japanese participants during the follow-up period. Among men, an increasing prevalence of obesity was observed among the younger generations. These findings should be taken into consideration when planning preventive strategies for obesity and its related diseases.
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Silva MN, Markland D, Minderico CS, Vieira PN, Castro MM, Coutinho SR, Santos TC, Matos MG, Sardinha LB, Teixeira PJ. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate self-determination theory for exercise adherence and weight control: rationale and intervention description. BMC Public Health 2008; 8:234. [PMID: 18613959 PMCID: PMC2483280 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the motivational model proposed by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) provides theoretically sound insights into reasons why people adopt and maintain exercise and other health behaviors, and allows for a meaningful analysis of the motivational processes involved in behavioral self-regulation. Although obesity is notoriously difficult to reverse and its recidivism is high, adopting and maintaining a physically active lifestyle is arguably the most effective strategy to counteract it in the long-term. The purposes of this study are twofold: i) to describe a 3-year randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed at testing a novel obesity treatment program based on SDT, and ii) to present the rationale behind SDT's utility in facilitating and explaining health behavior change, especially physical activity/exercise, during obesity treatment. METHODS Study design, recruitment, inclusion criteria, measurements, and a detailed description of the intervention (general format, goals for the participants, intervention curriculum, and main SDT strategies) are presented. The intervention consists of a 1-year group behavioral program for overweight and moderately obese women, aged 25 to 50 (and pre-menopausal), recruited from the community at large through media advertisement. Participants in the intervention group meet weekly or bi-weekly with a multidisciplinary intervention team (30 2 h sessions in total), and go through a program covering most topics considered critical for successful weight control. These topics and especially their delivery were adapted to comply with SDT and Motivational Interviewing guidelines. Comparison group receive a general health education curriculum. After the program, all subjects are follow-up for a period of 2 years. DISCUSSION Results from this RCT will contribute to a better understanding of how motivational characteristics, particularly those related to physical activity/exercise behavioral self-regulation, influence treatment success, while exploring the utility of Self-Determination Theory for promoting health behavior change in the context of obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Gov. Identifier NCT00513084.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene N Silva
- Department of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Markland
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK
| | - Cláudia S Minderico
- Department of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo N Vieira
- Department of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida M Castro
- Department of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sílvia R Coutinho
- Department of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa C Santos
- Department of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida G Matos
- Department of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Department of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro J Teixeira
- Department of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
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Teles AG, Carreira M, Alarcão V, Sociol D, Aragüés JM, Lopes L, Mascarenhas M, Costa JGE. Prevalence, severity, and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in a representative sample of 3,548 portuguese men aged 40 to 69 years attending primary healthcare centers: results of the Portuguese erectile dysfunction study. J Sex Med 2008; 5:1317-24. [PMID: 18194181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies of the prevalence of erectile dysfunction have been conducted in several countries. This is the first Portuguese study that provides current and comparative data on the prevalence of erectile dysfunction. AIM The main objective was to estimate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction in men aged 40 to 69 years and correlate erectile dysfunction to certain risk factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Evaluation of erectile dysfunction was achieved using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), a 15-item questionnaire that has been developed and validated as a brief and reliable self-administered scale for accessing erectile function. METHODS The Portuguese Erectile Dysfunction Study was based on a questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables, information on lifestyle and risk factors, and the IIEF. In total, 3,548 questionnaires were administered to men aged 40 to 69 years in 50 primary healthcare centers between July 2004 and January 2005 in a combination of both self-administration and interviews. Erectile dysfunction was defined as the inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse. RESULTS The response rate was 81.3%. The total prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 48.1% (age-adjusted). Prevalence increases with age: 29%, 50%, and 74% in men aged 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, and 60 to 69 years, respectively. Severity of erectile dysfunction also increases with age: 1%, 2%, and 10% of complete erectile dysfunction in men aged 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, and 60 to 69 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of erectile dysfunction is strongly related to age. There is also a correlation with the health status of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Galvão Teles
- Núcleo de Endocrinologia Diabetes e Obesidade (NEDO) and Núcleo de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Lisbon, Portugal.
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do Carmo I, Dos Santos O, Camolas J, Vieira J, Carreira M, Medina L, Reis L, Myatt J, Galvão-Teles A. Overweight and obesity in Portugal: national prevalence in 2003-2005. Obes Rev 2008; 9:11-9. [PMID: 18034792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an endemic health problem in most developed countries, requiring serious public health attention. The first Portuguese nationwide representative survey about obesity (with objective anthropometric measurement) was undertaken from 1995 to 1998. This paper presents data coming from the second and most recent nationwide representative study of obesity, with objective measurement of weight, height, waist and hip circumferences. Data were collected between January 2003 and January 2005. The survey collected objective body mass index (BMI) values of 8116 participants aged 18-64. Main findings were: 2.4% of the sample had low weight (BMI < 18.5), 39.4% were overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9), and 14.2% obese (BMI > or = 30). Waist circumference measurement showed that 45.6% of the sample suffers increased cardiovascular health risks associated with high waist circumference. The overall overweight/obesity prevalence increased from 49.6% (in 1995-1998) to 53.6% (in 2003-2005). These data suggest that although obesity was identified as a public health problem one decade ago, action to reduce it does not seem to have been very effective to date. Well-defined public health intervention must be targeted to specific population groups where higher levels of obesity prevalence were found: low socioeconomic level groups and low-education level groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- I do Carmo
- Lisbon Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Increase in Ghrelin Levels After Weight Loss in Obese Zucker Rats is Prevented by Gastric Banding. Obes Surg 2007; 17:1599-607. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-007-9324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Javier Basterra-Gortari F, Bes-Rastrollo M, Seguí-Gómez M, Forga L, Alfredo Martínez J, Ángel Martínez-González M. Tendencias de la obesidad, diabetes mellitus, hipertensión e hipercolesterolemia en España (1997-2003). Med Clin (Barc) 2007; 129:405-8. [DOI: 10.1157/13110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Davidsen L, Vistisen B, Astrup A. Impact of the menstrual cycle on determinants of energy balance: a putative role in weight loss attempts. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1777-85. [PMID: 17684511 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Women's weight and body composition is significantly influenced by the female sex-steroid hormones. Levels of these hormones fluctuate in a defined manner throughout the menstrual cycle and interact to modulate energy homeostasis. This paper reviews the scientific literature on the relationship between hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle and components of energy balance, with the aim of clarifying whether this influences weight loss in women. In the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle it appears that women's energy intake and energy expenditure are increased and they experience more frequent cravings for foods, particularly those high in carbohydrate and fat, than during the follicular phase. This suggests that the potential of the underlying physiology related to each phase of the menstrual cycle may be worth considering as an element in strategies to optimize weight loss. Studies are needed to assess the weight loss outcome of tailoring dietary recommendations and the degree of energy restriction to each menstrual phase throughout a weight management program, taking these preliminary findings into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Davidsen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Schober E, Rami B, Kirchengast S, Waldhör T, Sefranek R. Recent trend in overweight and obesity in male adolescents in Austria: a population-based study. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166:709-14. [PMID: 17063347 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-006-0312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to provide current estimates of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young Austrian men and to determine both the trend over the study period and regional differences. METHOD Data extracted from the database containing the nation-wide compulsory conscription health examinations were analysed. Four cohorts of 18-year-old males (1986-1990: n=252,799; 1991-1995: n=209,266; 1996-2000: n=208,427; 2001-2005: n=209,168) were investigated. Measurements of height and weight were taken and, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Overweight was defined as a BMI >or=25.00 kg//m2 and obesity as a BMI >or=30.00 kg//m2. Information on place of residence of the young men was also collected. The t-test and Cochran-Armitage test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS During the study period, the prevalence of overweight among the study population increased from 12.9 to 15.5%, while that of obesity increased from 2.5 to 5.8%. A significant regional trend was found, with the highest proportion of overweight and obesity occurring among young male residents of the eastern part of Austria (p<0.001). Mean BMI was 22.38+/-3.05 kg/m2 in 1986-1990, increasing significantly (p<0.001) during the study period to 22.89+/-3.88 kg/m2. Overweight and obesity increased remarkably in young males in Austria between 1986 and 2005. The prevalence of obesity doubled during the whole study period. CONCLUSION Even in a small country as Austria, significant regional differences with respect to overweight and obesity can be found. Although limited to just one gender and a single age group, data from the nation-wide compulsory conscription health examinations could be a useful tool for public health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Schober
- University Children's Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Santos R, Aires L, Santos P, Ribeiro JC, Mota J. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a Portuguese sample of adults: Results from the Azorean Physical Activity and Health Study. Am J Hum Biol 2007; 20:78-85. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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