1
|
Chi J, Hu J, Wu N, Cai H, Lin C, Lai Y, Huang J, Li W, Su P, Li M, Xu L. Causal effects for neurodegenerative diseases on the risk of myocardial infarction: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205909. [PMID: 38850523 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and myocardial infarction (MI), yet the precise causal relationship between these remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal associations of genetically predicted Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) with MI using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR). Various methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and simple mode, were employed to estimate the effects of genetically predicted NDDs on MI. To validate the analysis, we assessed pleiotropic effects, heterogeneity, and conducted leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. We identified that genetic predisposition to NDDs was suggestively associated with higher odds of MI (OR_IVW=1.07, OR_MR-Egger=1.08, OR_WM=1.07, OR_weighted mode=1.07, OR_simple mode=1.10, all P<0.05). Furthermore, we observed significant associations of genetically predicted DLB with MI (OR_IVW=1.07, OR_MR-Egger=1.11, OR_WM=1.09, OR_weighted mode=1.09, all P<0.05). However, there was no significant causal evidence of genetically predicted PD and MS in MI. Across all MR analyses, no horizontal pleiotropy or statistical heterogeneity was observed (all P>0.05). Additionally, results from MRPRESSO and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the causal effect estimations for genetically predicted AD, DLB, PD, and MS on MI. This study provides further support for the causal effects of AD on MI and, for the first time, establishes robust causal evidence for the detrimental effect of DLB on the risk of MI. Our findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the cardiovascular function of the elderly experiencing neurodegenerative changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Chi
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaman Hu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningxia Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Cai
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailong Lin
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Lai
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Strand BH, Håberg AK, Eyjólfsdóttir HS, Kok A, Skirbekk V, Huxhold O, Løset GK, Lennartsson C, Schirmer H, Herlofson K, Veenstra M. Spousal bereavement and its effects on later life physical and cognitive capability: the Tromsø study. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01150-y. [PMID: 38594472 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Spousal bereavement is associated with health declines and increased mortality risk, but its specific impact on physical and cognitive capabilities is less studied. A historical cohort study design was applied including married Tromsø study participants (N=5739) aged 50-70 years with baseline self-reported overall health and health-related factors and measured capability (grip strength, finger tapping, digit symbol coding, and short-term recall) at follow-up. Participants had data from Tromsø4 (1994-1995) and Tromsø5 (2001), or Tromsø6 (2007-2008) and Tromsø7 (2015-2016). Propensity score matching, adjusted for baseline confounders (and baseline capability in a subset), was used to investigate whether spousal bereavement was associated with poorer subsequent capability. Spousal bereavement occurred for 6.2% on average 3.7 years (SD 2.0) before the capability assessment. There were no significant bereavement effects on subsequent grip strength, immediate recall, or finger-tapping speed. Without adjustment for baseline digit symbol coding test performance, there was a negative significant effect on the digit symbol coding test (ATT -1.33; 95% confidence interval -2.57, -0.10), but when baseline digit symbol coding test performance was taken into account in a smaller subsample, using the same set of matching confounders, there was no longer any association (in the subsample ATT changed from -1.29 (95% CI -3.38, 0.80) to -0.04 (95% CI -1.83, 1.75). The results in our study suggest that spousal bereavement does not have long-term effects on the intrinsic capacity components physical or cognition capability to a notable degree.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Heine Strand
- Department for Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department for Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Harpa Sif Eyjólfsdóttir
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Almar Kok
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life Programme, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vegard Skirbekk
- Department for Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gøril Kvamme Løset
- NOVA - Norwegian Social Research, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carin Lennartsson
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus, University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katharina Herlofson
- NOVA - Norwegian Social Research, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin S, Wu P, Duan S, Du Q, Guo S, Chen Z, Wu N, Chen X, Xie T, Han Y, Zhao H. Altered functional brain networks in coronary heart disease: independent component analysis and graph theoretical analysis. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:133-142. [PMID: 37943310 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) confers a high risk of cognitive and mental impairments in patients. This study aimed to explore the association of CHD with functional connectivity and topological properties of brain networks. A total of 27 patients with CHD and 44 healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study and underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan. Intra- and internetwork functional connectivity alterations were explored using independent component analysis in CHD patients. Furthermore, graph theoretical analysis was adopted to assess abnormalities in small-world properties and network efficiency metrics of brain networks. Compared to HCs, CHD patients exhibited increased functional connectivity between the posterior default mode network and posterior visual network, as well as decreased functional connectivity between the left frontoparietal network and auditory network. In terms of graph theoretical analysis, small-world network topology was identified in both CHD patients and HCs. Furthermore, the nodal local efficiency of the left putamen was significantly decreased in CHD patients compared to HCs. This study revealed alterations in brain functional connectivity and topological properties in CHD patients, shedding light on the potential neurological mechanism underlying cognitive and mental impairments in these patients and suggesting unexplored connections between CHD and higher order cognitive processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Puyeh Wu
- GE Healthcare, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Shaoyin Duan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian, China
| | - Qianni Du
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Shujia Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhishang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Naiming Wu
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Hengyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361006, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rosenson RS, Cushman M, McKinley EC, Muntner P, Wang Z, Vaisar T, Heinecke J, Tangney C, Judd S, Colantonio LD. Association Between Triglycerides and Incident Cognitive Impairment in Black and White Adults in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e026833. [PMID: 36802918 PMCID: PMC10111434 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Elevated nonfasting triglycerides were associated with non-Alzheimer dementia in a recent study. However, this study neither evaluated the association of fasting triglycerides with incident cognitive impairment (ICI) nor adjusted for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), known risk markers for ICI and dementia. Methods and Results We examined the association between fasting triglycerides and ICI among 16 170 participants in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study without cognitive impairment or a history of stroke at baseline in 2003 to 2007 and who had no stroke events during follow-up through September 2018. Overall, 1151 participants developed ICI during the median follow-up of 9.6 years. The relative risk for ICI associated with fasting triglycerides of ≥150 mg/dL versus <100 mg/dL including adjustment for age and geographic region of residence was 1.59 (95% CI, 1.20-2.11) among White women and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.00-1.62) among Black women. After multivariable adjustment, including adjustment for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hs-CRP, the relative risk for ICI associated with fasting triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL versus <100 mg/dL was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.09-2.06) among White women and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.93-1.57) among Black women. There was no evidence of an association between triglycerides and ICI among White or Black men. Conclusions Elevated fasting triglycerides were associated with ICI in White women after full adjustment including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hs-CRP. The current results suggest that the association between triglycerides and ICI is stronger in women than men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Rosenson
- Department of CardiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of MedicineUniversity of VermontColchesterVT
| | - Emily C. McKinley
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Jay Heinecke
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Christy Tangney
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive MedicineRush University and Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Suzanne Judd
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Lisandro D. Colantonio
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Q, Xu S, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu F. Development of risk prediction model for cognitive impairment in patients with coronary heart disease: A study protocol for a prospective, cross-sectional analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1107544. [PMID: 36727026 PMCID: PMC9885763 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1107544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic heart disease and degenerative encephalopathy are two main sources of disease burden for the global elderly population. Coronary heart disease (CHD) and cognitive impairment, as representative diseases, are prevalent and serious illnesses in the elderly. According to recent research, patients with CHD are more likely to experience cognitive impairment and their cognitive ability declines more quickly. Vascular risk factors have been associated with differences in cognitive performance in epidemiological studies, but evidence in patients with CHD is more limited. Inextricably linked between the heart and the brain. Considering the unique characteristics of recurrent cognitive impairment in patients with CHD, we will further study the related risk factors. We tried to investigate the potential predictors of cognitive impairment in patients with CHD through a prospective, cross-sectional study. Methods The cross-sectional study design will recruit 378 patients with CHD (≥65 years) from Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. The subjects' cognitive function is evaluated with MoCA scale, and they are divided into cognitive impairment group and normal cognitive function group according to the score results. Demographic data, disease characteristics (results of coronary CT/ angiography, number of stents implanted, status of diseased vessels), laboratory tests (biochemistry, coagulation, serum iron levels, pulse wave velocity), metabolites (blood samples and intestinal metabolites), and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, physical activity) will be assessed as outcome indicators. Compare the two groups and the correlation analysis will be performed on the development of mild cognitive impairment. Mann-Whitney U or X2 test was selected to describe and evaluate the variation, and logistics regression analysis was employed to fit the prediction model. After that, do the calibration curve and decision curve to evaluate the model. The prediction model will be validated by a validation set. Discussion To explore the risk factors related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with CHD, a new predictive model is established, which can achieve advanced intervention in the occurrence of MCI after CHD. Owing to its cross-sectional study design, the study has some limitations, but it will be further studied by increasing the observation period, adding follow-up data collection or prospective cohort study. The study has been registered with the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2200063255) to conduct clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihan Xu
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenglan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yue Liu ✉
| | - Fengqin Xu
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Fengqin Xu ✉
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mun H, Shim JY, Kimm H, Kang HC. Associations Between Korean Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Korean Older Adults. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e11. [PMID: 36625173 PMCID: PMC9829514 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular risk is a modifiable factor that can help prevent dementia. Given the dearth of optimal treatment options, managing dementia risk factors is crucial. We examined the association between cardiovascular risk, as measured by the Korean coronary heart disease risk score (KRS), and cognitive function in dementia-free elderly individuals. METHODS We enrolled 8,600 individuals (average age: 69.74 years; 5,206 women) who underwent a medical evaluation from the National Health Insurance Service. KRS was calculated using age, sex, blood pressure, lipid profile, diabetes, and smoking status. Cognitive function was evaluated using Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire-Cognition (KDSQ-C). Scores of ≥ 6 indicated a cognitive decline. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Weight, height, stroke history, coronary heart disease history, alcohol consumption, and physical activity engagement were adjusted. RESULTS The lowest, middle, and highest groups, according to the KRS, were 5,923 (68.9%), 2,343 (27.2%), and 334 (3.9%), respectively. The highest KRS group in all participants exhibited a greater risk of cognitive decline than the lowest KRS group (OR, 1.339; 95% CI, 1.034-1.734; P = 0.027). The highest KRS female group aged 71-75 years old exhibited greater cognitive decline than the corresponding lowest KRS group (OR, 1.595; 95% CI, 1.045-2.434; P = 0.031). CONCLUSION Individuals with high cardiovascular risk were associated with poorer cognitive function than those with low risk, especially older women. Cardiovascular risk factors should be carefully managed to promote healthy mental aging in dementia-free elderly individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbit Mun
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Shim
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejin Kimm
- Institute for Health Promotion & Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Cheol Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hopstock LA, Grimsgaard S, Johansen H, Kanstad K, Wilsgaard T, Eggen AE. The seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø7) 2015-2016: study design, data collection, attendance, and prevalence of risk factors and disease in a multipurpose population-based health survey. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:919-929. [PMID: 35509230 PMCID: PMC9578102 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221092294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The Tromsø Study is an ongoing population-based health study in Tromsø, Norway, initiated in 1974. The purpose of the seventh survey (Tromsø7) 2015–2016 was to advance the population risk factor surveillance and to collect new types of data. We present the study design, data collection, attendance, and prevalence of risk factors and disease. Methods: All inhabitants in Tromsø municipality, Norway, aged 40 years and older (N=32,591) were invited to a health screening including extensive questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, biological sampling (blood, urine, saliva, nasal/throat swabs, faeces), measurements (anthropometry, blood pressure, pulse, pulse oximetry) and clinical examinations (pain sensitivity, echocardiography, cognitive, physical, and lung function, accelerometer measurements, eye examinations, carotid ultrasound, electrocardiography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and heart, lung and carotid auscultation). New research areas in this round were dental and oral health examinations, collection of faecal samples for studies of normal bacterial flora and antibiotic resistance, and 24-hour urine samples for examination of sodium and iodine intakes. Results: Attendance was 65% (N=21,083), and was higher in women, age group 50–79 years, previous attenders, and Norwegian-born individuals. Cardiovascular risk factor levels and prevalence of chronic obstructive lung disease decreased since the last survey, while the prevalence of obesity and diabetes increased. Conclusions: Attendance was stable from the sixth survey. Interaction with participants might be key to maintain participation. Favourable trends in risk factors continue, except for a continued increase in obesity. Both new data collection technology and traditional physical examinations will be crucial for the impact of future population studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila A Hopstock
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sameline Grimsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Heidi Johansen
- Northern Norway Regional Health Authority, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristin Kanstad
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Elise Eggen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
LaPlume AA, McKetton L, Anderson ND, Troyer AK. Sex differences and modifiable dementia risk factors synergistically influence memory over the adult lifespan. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12301. [PMID: 35386471 PMCID: PMC8973898 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction More women than men develop Alzheimer's disease, yet women perform better and show less decline on episodic memory measures, a contradiction that may be accounted for by modifiable risk factors for dementia. Methods Associations among age, sex, modifiable dementia risk factors, and cognition were measured in a cross‐sectional online sample (n = 21,840, ages 18 to 89). Results Across four tests of associative memory and executive functions, only a Face‐Name Association task revealed sex differences in associative memory that varied by age. Men had worse memory than women (the equivalent of performing similar to someone 4 years older) across ages. Men had larger age differences than women (ie, worse memory in older ages) among people with no to one risk factor, but not those with multiple risk factors. Discussion Because the relationship between dementia risk factors and age‐related memory differences varies between men and women, sex‐specific dementia prevention approaches are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalise A LaPlume
- Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Health Sciences (fully affiliated with the University of Toronto) Toronto Canada
| | - Larissa McKetton
- Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Health Sciences (fully affiliated with the University of Toronto) Toronto Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Health Sciences (fully affiliated with the University of Toronto) Toronto Canada.,Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Canada.,Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Angela K Troyer
- Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Canada.,Neuropsychology and Cognitive Health Program Baycrest Health Sciences Toronto Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Johnsen B, Strand BH, Martinaityte I, Mathiesen EB, Schirmer H. Improved Cognitive Function in the Tromsø Study in Norway From 2001 to 2016. Neurol Clin Pract 2022; 11:e856-e866. [PMID: 34992969 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Physical capacity and cardiovascular risk profiles seem to be improving in the population. Cognition has been improving due to a birth cohort effect, but evidence is conflicting on whether this improvement remains in the latest decades and what is causing the changes in our population older than 60 years. We aimed to investigate birth cohort differences in cognition. Methods The study comprised 9,514 participants from the Tromsø Study, an ongoing longitudinal cohort study. Participants were aged 60-87 years, born between 1914 and 1956. They did 4 cognitive tests in 3 waves during 2001-2016. Linear regression was applied and adjusted for age, education, blood pressure, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, stroke, heart attack, depression, diabetes, physical activity, alcohol use, BMI, and height. Results Cognitive test scores were better in later-born birth cohorts for all age groups, and in both sexes, compared with earlier-born cohorts. Increased education, physical activity, alcohol intake, decreasing smoking prevalence, and increasing height were associated with one-third of this improvement across birth cohorts in women and one-half of the improvement in men. Discussion Cognitive results were better in more recent-born birth cohorts compared with earlier born, assessed at the same age. The improvement was present in all cognitive domains, suggesting an overall improvement in cognitive performance. The 80-year-olds assessed in 2015-2016 performed like 60-year-olds assessed in 2001. The improved scores were associated with increased education level, increase in modest drinking frequency, increased physical activity, and, for men, smoking cessation and increased height.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bente Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (BJ, IM, EBM, HS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Department of Medicine (BJ, IM), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (BHS), Oslo; Department of Neurology (EBM), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø; Department of Cardiology (HS), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HS), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- Department of Clinical Medicine (BJ, IM, EBM, HS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Department of Medicine (BJ, IM), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (BHS), Oslo; Department of Neurology (EBM), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø; Department of Cardiology (HS), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HS), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ieva Martinaityte
- Department of Clinical Medicine (BJ, IM, EBM, HS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Department of Medicine (BJ, IM), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (BHS), Oslo; Department of Neurology (EBM), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø; Department of Cardiology (HS), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HS), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (BJ, IM, EBM, HS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Department of Medicine (BJ, IM), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (BHS), Oslo; Department of Neurology (EBM), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø; Department of Cardiology (HS), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HS), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine (BJ, IM, EBM, HS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Department of Medicine (BJ, IM), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (BHS), Oslo; Department of Neurology (EBM), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø; Department of Cardiology (HS), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HS), University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sokolova NY, Golukhova EZ, Savelyeva EA, Popov DS. The state of cognitive function in patients with stable coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass grafting. KARDIOLOGIYA 2021; 61:40-46. [PMID: 34713784 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2021.9.n1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim To study the cognitive function (CF) state in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) depending on the method of coronary bypass (CB), with extracorporeal circulation (EC) or on beating heart.Material and methods Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a frequent complication of CB, and its development may depend on the method of surgery, with EC or on beating heart. This single-center, prospective, nonrandomized study included 196 patients with chronic IHD aged 61.0±5.1 years. Patients were divided into two groups based on the CB method: an EC group (n=11) and a beating heart surgery group (n=85). Mean follow-up period was 26±2.1 mos. The state of CF was evaluated before and after CB (at the hospital stage, at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mos.).Results The mean duration of CF recovery was 3 mos. only in the group of CB without EC (p<0.05), whereas after CB with EC, CF parameters were similar to those during the hospital stage with somewhat reduced values. In 6 mos. after CB, CF normalized to baseline values in both groups (with and without EC). A possible CF decline in patients with chronic IHD after CB depended on the following factors: age older than 60 years (p<0.05), diabetes mellitus with glycated hemoglobin >7.5 % (p=0.001) and 6.5-7.5 % (p=0.03), smoking (p=0.04), atherosclerotic damage of the internal carotid artery (p<0.05), and a Charlson comorbidity index >5 (p=0.03). The CB surgery either with EC (p=0.04) or on beating heart (p=0.04) was associated with the development of CD.Conclusion The results of the study allow identifying patients with chronic IHD and POCD-predisposing factors to recommend them beathing heart CB surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Z Golukhova
- A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Narvaez Linares NF, Poitras M, Burkauskas J, Nagaratnam K, Burr Z, Labelle PR, Plamondon H. Neuropsychological Sequelae of Coronary Heart Disease in Women: A Systematic Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:837-851. [PMID: 34062209 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), is the leading cause of death among aging women. However, over the past years, the mortality rate has declined, resulting in an increased number of CHD survivors. In this context, research has uncovered relationships between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that CHD can act as a precursor. Despite heart disease affecting both sexes, CVD research has significantly neglected women. Therefore, we conducted the first systematic review of neuropsychological sequelae of CHD in women to gain a clear portrait of the current knowledge of the association of CHD on women's neuropsychological status. We found that studies continue to include an insufficient number of women in their research. Our work also uncovered that there is variability in the definition of CHD by researchers (i.e., operationalization of the variable), which could explain inconsistencies across studies. Overall, we found evidence that supports the heart-brain disease hypothesis. To conclude, we provide several guidelines for future research involving the impact of CHD in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N F Narvaez Linares
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - M Poitras
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - J Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Vyduno al. 4, Palanga, LT-00135, Lithuania.
| | - K Nagaratnam
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Z Burr
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - P R Labelle
- University of Ottawa Library, 120 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - H Plamondon
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vanhatalo A, L'Heureux JE, Kelly J, Blackwell JR, Wylie LJ, Fulford J, Winyard PG, Williams DW, van der Giezen M, Jones AM. Network analysis of nitrate-sensitive oral microbiome reveals interactions with cognitive function and cardiovascular health across dietary interventions. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101933. [PMID: 33721836 PMCID: PMC7970425 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many oral bacteria reduce inorganic nitrate, a natural part of a vegetable-rich diet, into nitrite that acts as a precursor to nitric oxide, a regulator of vascular tone and neurotransmission. Aging is hallmarked by reduced nitric oxide production with associated detriments to cardiovascular and cognitive function. This study applied a systems-level bacterial co-occurrence network analysis across 10-day dietary nitrate and placebo interventions to test the stability of relationships between physiological and cognitive traits and clusters of co-occurring oral bacteria in older people. Relative abundances of Proteobacteria increased, while Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria decreased after nitrate supplementation. Two distinct microbiome modules of co-occurring bacteria, that were sensitive to nitrate supplementation, showed stable relationships with cardiovascular (Rothia-Streptococcus) and cognitive (Neisseria-Haemophilus) indices of health across both dietary conditions. A microbiome module (Prevotella-Veillonella) that has been associated with pro-inflammatory metabolism was diminished after nitrate supplementation, including a decrease in relative abundance of pathogenic Clostridium difficile. These nitrate-sensitive oral microbiome modules are proposed as potential pre- and probiotic targets to ameliorate age-induced impairments in cardiovascular and cognitive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anni Vanhatalo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK.
| | | | - James Kelly
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Jamie R Blackwell
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Lee J Wylie
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Jonathan Fulford
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Paul G Winyard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | | | - Mark van der Giezen
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Andrew M Jones
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ding D, Zhou F, Cao Y, Liang X, Wu W, Xiao Z, Zhao Q, Deng W. Cholesterol profiles and incident cognitive decline among older adults: the Shanghai Aging Study. Age Ageing 2021; 50:472-479. [PMID: 32766741 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the association between cholesterol profiles and risk of cognitive decline among older adults was inconclusive. OBJECTIVE to examine the association between cholesterol profiles and risk of cognitive decline in older adults with or without vascular risk factors (VRFs) in the prospective phase of the Shanghai Aging Study. DESIGN a prospective community-based cohort study. SETTING Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS we prospectively followed 1,556 dementia-free participants aged ≥60 years with a baseline cholesterol profile for 5.2 years on average. Participants with at least one of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and coronary artery disease were categorised to the VRFs group, and those free of any VRFs were categorised to the non-VRFs group. METHODS total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were measured at baseline. At follow-up, consensus diagnosis of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were established based on medical, neurological, and neuropsychological examinations. Cox regression was used to assess the association between cholesterol and incident dementia/AD; multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationship between cholesterol and an annual rate of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score decline in participants with or without VRFs. RESULTS among VRFs-free participants, TC (HR 0.62, 95%CI 0.40-0.95) and LDL-C (HR 0.47, 95%CI 0.28-0.80) were inversely associated with incident dementia, LDL-C was inversely associated with incident AD (HR 0.50, 95%CI 0.28-0.90). A significant correlation was found between incremental TC (β = 0.08), LDL-C (β = 0.09), and a slower annual decline of MMSE score. CONCLUSIONS effect of cholesterol on cognitive decline may be modified by VRFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Xiaoniu Liang
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxu Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhua Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Forte G, Casagrande M. Effects of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance in Aging: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120919. [PMID: 33261205 PMCID: PMC7760512 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cognitive functions play a crucial role in daily functioning. Unfortunately, some cognitive abilities decline in the process of healthy aging. An increasing body of evidence has highlighted the role of lifestyle habits and cardiovascular diseases, such as high blood pressure, in increasing the risk of cognitive decline. Surprisingly, although hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for cerebrovascular damage, the role of hypertension on cognitive impairment development is not still clear. Several key questions remain unresolved, and there are many inconsistent results in studies considering this topic. This review is aimed to systematically analyze the results found by the studies that investigated whether high blood pressure, in both hypertensive and healthy people, is related to cognitive performance. Furthermore, it points to evaluate the role of age in this relationship. Method: The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. Restrictions were made, selecting the studies in English and published in peer-review journals, including at least one cognitive measure and blood pressure measurement. Studies that included participants with medical conditions, dementia, psychiatric disorders, strokes, and brain injury were excluded. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were analyzed separately. Finally, blood pressure measured at young life (18–39 years), midlife (age 40–64 years), elderly (65–74 years), and old age (≥75 years) were considered. Results: The review allows 68 studies to be selected, which include 154,935 participants. The results provided evidence of an adverse effect of exposure to high blood pressure on cognitive performance. High blood pressure in midlife was linked with poorer cognitive functioning; this evidence was found in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. However, this association declines with increasing age and tends to become inconsistent. In older people, the relationship between blood pressure and cognitive performance is non-linear, highlighting a beneficial effect of high blood pressure on cognition. Conclusions: Despite some limitations, this review showed that cardiovascular and neuro-cognitive systems do not operate in isolation, but they are related. Blood pressure can be considered an early biomarker of cognitive impairment, and the necessity of early blood pressure measurement and control was underlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Forte
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Casagrande
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica e Clinica, Università di Roma “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kulshreshtha A, Goetz M, Alonso A, Shah AJ, Bremner JD, Goldberg J, Vaccarino V. Association Between Cardiovascular Health and Cognitive Performance: A Twins Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:957-968. [PMID: 31476151 PMCID: PMC6918828 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The 2020 Strategic Impact Goal introduced by the American Heart Association (AHA) aims at improving cardiovascular health (CVH) of all Americans by 20%. AHA defined ideal CVH across seven established modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Prior studies have indicated that ideal CVH also benefits brain health and cognitive aging, but it is possible that this association is explained by familial factors. METHODS We examined 272 male monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs (total 544 subjects) free of overt cardiovascular disease and dementia from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Memory and learning were measured by Trail Making tests and Wechsler Memory Scale (Immediate and Delayed Memory tests and Visual Reproductive Test). Each of the seven CVH components (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose) was scored per established criterion. RESULTS The mean age of the twins was 55 years, 96% were whites, and 61% monozygotic. When considering twins as individuals, for every unit increase in CVH score (indicating better cardiovascular health), twins demonstrated faster cognitive processing speed (Trail B: - 5.6 s, 95% CI - 10.3, - 0.9; p = 0.03) and better story recall, both immediate (0.35, 95% CI 0.06, 0.62; p = 0.02) and delayed (0.39, 95% CI 0.08, 0.70; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Better CVH is associated with better cognitive health in several domains. As suggested by within-pair analysis, this association is largely explained by familial factors, implying that early life exposures are shared determinants of both brain health and cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambar Kulshreshtha
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margarethe Goetz
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit J Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Jack Goldberg
- Vietnam Era Twin Registry, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Manzali SB, Ravona-Springer R, Alkelai A, Yu E, Gan-Or Z, Ganmore I, Heymann A, Beeri MS, Greenbaum L. Association of the CD2AP locus with cognitive functioning among middle-aged individuals with a family history of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 101:50-56. [PMID: 33578194 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
First-degree family history is an established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the association of late-onset AD risk loci with cognitive functioning among 315 offspring of AD patients. Participants were cognitively normal Jewish individuals, aged 40-65 years, from the Israel Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (IRAP) study. Twenty-two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these loci and the APOE E4 allele were included in the final analyses, and a polygenic risk score was also calculated. Using linear regression (assuming an additive genetic model), we found a significant association only for SNP rs9473117, located near the CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) gene, with global cognition. Controlling for demographic variables (age, sex, years of education, and ancestry), the late-onset AD risk allele C was associated with lower global cognitive functioning (p = 0.0005), and withstood correction for multiple testing. After adjusting for additional characteristics (APOE E4 status and then also for cardiovascular factors), the results remained essentially unchanged (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0005, respectively). In secondary analyses examining specific cognitive domains, rs9473117 was similarly associated with episodic memory (p = 0.005), language (p = 0.009), and working memory/attention (p = 0.018) but not with executive functions (p = 0.27). Again, the results were similar after adjusting for APOE E4 status and cardiovascular factors. The polygenic risk score was not associated with global cognitive functioning or with any of the 4 domains. In conclusion, our findings suggest a contribution of the CD2AP locus to cognitive functioning in middle-aged individuals with a parental history of AD. Further validations, including in longitudinal studies, are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigalit Batia Manzali
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Alkelai
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ithamar Ganmore
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anthony Heymann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carnevale L, Maffei A, Landolfi A, Grillea G, Carnevale D, Lembo G. Brain Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Highlights Altered Connections and Functional Networks in Patients With Hypertension. Hypertension 2020; 76:1480-1490. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease. To predict the onset of these diseases, it is necessary to develop tools to detect the early effects of vascular risk factors on the brain. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging can investigate how the brain modulates its resting activity and analyze how hypertension impacts cerebral function. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore brain functional-hemodynamic coupling across different regions and their connectivity in patients with hypertension, as compared to subjects with normotension. In addition, we leveraged multimodal imaging to identify the signature of hypertension injury on the brain. Our study included 37 subjects (18 normotensives and 19 hypertensives), characterized by microstructural integrity by diffusion tensor imaging and cognitive profile, who were subjected to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis. We mapped brain functional connectivity networks and evaluated the connectivity differences among regions, identifying the altered connections in patients with hypertension compared with subjects with normotension in the (1) dorsal attention network and sensorimotor network; (2) dorsal attention network and visual network; (3) dorsal attention network and frontoparietal network. Then we tested how diffusion tensor imaging fractional anisotropy of superior longitudinal fasciculus correlates with the connections between dorsal attention network and default mode network and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores with a widespread network of functional connections. Finally, based on our correlation analysis, we applied a feature selection to highlight those most relevant to describing brain injury in patients with hypertension. Our multimodal imaging data showed that hypertensive brains present a network of functional connectivity alterations that correlate with cognitive dysfunction and microstructural integrity.
Registration—
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02310217.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Carnevale
- From the Department of AngioCardioNeurology and Translational Medicine (L.C., A.M., A.L., D.C., G.L.), I.R.C.C.S. INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Angelo Maffei
- From the Department of AngioCardioNeurology and Translational Medicine (L.C., A.M., A.L., D.C., G.L.), I.R.C.C.S. INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Landolfi
- From the Department of AngioCardioNeurology and Translational Medicine (L.C., A.M., A.L., D.C., G.L.), I.R.C.C.S. INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grillea
- Department of Radiology (G.G.), I.R.C.C.S. INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- From the Department of AngioCardioNeurology and Translational Medicine (L.C., A.M., A.L., D.C., G.L.), I.R.C.C.S. INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy (D.C., G.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- From the Department of AngioCardioNeurology and Translational Medicine (L.C., A.M., A.L., D.C., G.L.), I.R.C.C.S. INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy (D.C., G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xia C, Vonder M, Sidorenkov G, Oudkerk M, de Groot JC, van der Harst P, de Bock GH, De Deyn PP, Vliegenthart R. The Relationship of Coronary Artery Calcium and Clinical Coronary Artery Disease with Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:934-958. [PMID: 32062643 PMCID: PMC7508729 DOI: 10.5551/jat.52928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Coronary artery disease (CAD) and cognitive impairment are common in the elderly, with evidence for shared risk factors and pathophysiological processes. The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is a marker of subclinical CAD, which may allow early detection of individuals prone to cognitive decline. Prior studies on associations of CAC and clinical CAD with cognitive impairment had discrepant results. This systematic review aims to evaluate the association of (sub)clinical CAD with cognitive function, cognitive decline, and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science until February 2019, supplemented with citations tracking. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted information including odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS Forty-six studies, 10 on CAC and 36 on clinical CAD, comprising 1,248,908 participants were included in the systematic review. Studies about associations of (sub)clinical CAD with cognitive function and cognitive decline had heterogeneous methodology and inconsistent findings. Two population-based studies investigated the association between CAC and risk of dementia over 6-12.2 years using different CAC scoring methods. Both found a tendency toward higher risk of dementia as CAC severity increased. Meta-analysis in 15 studies (663,250 individuals) showed an association between CAD and MCI/dementia (pooled OR 1.32, 95%CI 1.17-1.48) with substantial heterogeneity (I2=87.0%, p<0.001). Pooled HR of CAD for incident MCI/dementia over 3.2-25.5 years in six longitudinal studies (70,060 individuals) was 1.51 (95%CI 1.24-1.85), with low heterogeneity (I2=14.1%, p=0.32). Sensitivity analysis did not detect any study that was of particular influence on the pooled OR or HR. CONCLUSIONS Limited evidence suggests the CAC score is associated with risk of dementia. In clinical CAD, risk of MCI and dementia is increased by 50%, as supported by stronger evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congying Xia
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology
| | - Marleen Vonder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Grigory Sidorenkov
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology
| | | | - Jan Cees de Groot
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology
| | - Geertruida H de Bock
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Groningen
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Norris J. Cognitive Function in Cardiac Patients: Exploring the Occupational Therapy Role in Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 14:61-70. [PMID: 31903085 PMCID: PMC6933569 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618757189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cardiac dysfunction are at increased risk of mild cognitive impairment, which can affect their ability to successfully engage in daily activities important for home and community safety and in maintaining health and well-being. This risk increases in accordance with the number of cardiac conditions and cardiovascular risk factors or comorbidities. Occupational therapy has a role in chronic disease management in assessing and improving functional abilities affected by physical, emotional, and cognitive domains. With a holistic and client-centered approach, occupational therapy can complement lifestyle medicine principles through promotion and enablement of engagement in purposeful activity and self-management practices. It is suggested that the clinical management of patients with cardiac dysfunction expands beyond the traditional physical aspects of care to encompass cognitive considerations and incorporate occupational therapy in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Norris
- Tamworth Rural Referral Hospital, New South Wales,
Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010034. [PMID: 31877865 PMCID: PMC7019226 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. However, this relationship is unclear. This study aims to systematically review the effects of blood pressure on executive functioning, language, memory, attention and processing speed. Methods: The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA-Statement, using the PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and MEDLINE databases. Restrictions were made by selecting studies, which included one or more cognitive measures and reported blood pressure recordings. Studies that included participants with medical conditions or people diagnosed with dementia, psychiatric disorders, stroke and head trauma were excluded. The review allows selecting fifty studies that included 107,405 participants. The results were reported considering different cognitive domains separately: global cognitive functioning, attention, processing speed, executive functions, memory and visuospatial abilities. Results: Higher blood pressure appears to influence cognitive performance in different domains in the absence of dementia and severe cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes. This relationship seems to be independent of demographic factors (gender and education), medical co-morbidity (diabetes), and psychiatric disorders (depression). Furthermore, it presents different patterns considering ageing. In the elderly, a sort of “cardiovascular paradox” is highlighted, which allows considering higher blood pressure as a protective factor for cognitive functioning. Conclusions: The results underline that higher blood pressure is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline in people without dementia or stroke. These findings highlight the need to introduce early management of blood pressure, even in the absence of clinical hypertension, to prevent the risk of a decline of cognitive functioning typically associated with ageing.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chow FC, Makanjuola A, Wu K, Berzins B, Kim KYA, Ogunniyi A, Ellis RJ, Robertson K, Tassiopoulos K, Taiwo BO. Physical Activity Is Associated With Lower Odds of Cognitive Impairment in Women but Not Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:264-274. [PMID: 30137500 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular comorbidities are risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cognitive impairment. Given differences in cardiometabolic risk profiles between women and men with HIV, we investigated whether associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and prevalent cognitive impairment differ by sex. Methods Separate logistic regression models were constructed for women and men at entry into a prospective study of older persons with HIV (PWH) to assess the association of cardiometabolic and other risk factors with cognitive impairment. Results Of 988 participants, 20% were women. Women had higher total cholesterol (194 vs 186 mg/dL; P = .027), hemoglobin A1c (5.9% vs 5.7%; P = .003), and body mass index (30.8 vs 27.4 kg/m2; P < .001) compared with men, and were less physically active (43% vs 55%; P = .005). In a multivariable model, physical activity was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment in women (odds ratio, 0.35 [95% confidence interval, .15-.80]; P = .013) but not men. Conclusions Physical activity may have a greater positive impact on cognitive health in women than in men with HIV. This finding should be confirmed in studies examining the longitudinal association between physical activity and incident cognitive impairment in PWH and the effect of interventions that increase physical activity on cognitive impairment in women with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia C Chow
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Kunling Wu
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Baiba Berzins
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health
| | - Kwang-Youn A Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ronald J Ellis
- Departments of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Kevin Robertson
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Katherine Tassiopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The U.S. population is experiencing a demographic transition resulting in an aging workforce. The objective of this article is to elucidate and expand an approach to keep that workforce safe, healthy, and productive. METHODS This article elucidates the framework for the National Center for Productive Aging at Work of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Subject matter experts used a snowball method to review published literature to substantiate elements in the framework. RESULTS Evidence-based literature supports a productive aging framework for the workforce involving the following elements: 1) life span perspective; 2) comprehensive and integrated approaches to occupational safety and health; 3) emphasis on positive outcomes for both workers and organizations; and 4) supportive work culture for multigenerational issues. CONCLUSION The productive aging framework provides a foundational and comprehensive approach for addressing the aging workforce.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jacobsen HB, Stubhaug A, Schirmer H, Inge Landrø N, Wilsgaard T, Mathiesen EB, Nielsen CS. Neuropsychological functions of verbal recall and psychomotor speed significantly affect pain tolerance. Eur J Pain 2019; 23:1608-1618. [PMID: 31355498 PMCID: PMC6790685 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Effects from cognitive performance on pain tolerance have been documented, however, sample sizes are small and confounders often overlooked. We aimed to establish that performance on neuropsychological tests was associated with pain tolerance, controlling for salient confounders. Methods This was a cross‐sectional study nested within the Tromsø‐6 survey. Neuropsychological test performance and the cold pressor test were investigated in 4,623 participants. Due to significant interaction with age, participants were divided into three age groups (<60, ≥60 to <70 and ≥70 years). Cox proportional hazard models assessed the relationship between neuropsychological tests and cold pressure pain tolerance, using hand‐withdrawal as event. The fully adjusted models controlled for sex, education, BMI, smoking status, exercise, systolic blood pressure, sleep problems and mental distress. Results In the adjusted models, participants aged ≥70 years showed a decreased hazard of hand withdrawal of 18% (HR 0.82, 95% CI (0.73, 0.92) per standard deviation on immediate verbal recall, and a decreased hazard of 23% (HR 0.77, 95% CI (0.65, 0.08) per standard deviation on psychomotor speed. Participants aged ≥60 to <70 years had a significant decreased hazard of 11% (HR 0.89, 95% CI (0.80, 0.98) per standard deviation on immediate word recall. In participants aged <60 years, there was a decreased hazard of 14% (HR 0.86 95% CI: 0.76, 0.98), per standard deviation on psychomotor speed. Conclusion Better performance on neuropsychological tests increased pain tolerance on the cold pressor test. These exposure effects were present in all age groups. Significance This paper describes substantial associations between cognitive functioning and cold pressor tolerance in 4,623 participants. Reduced psychomotor speed and poor verbal recall gave greater odds for hand‐withdrawal on the cold pressor task. The associations were stronger in older participants, indicating an interaction with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Børsting Jacobsen
- Department of Pain Management and Research, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Neuropathic Pain, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Audun Stubhaug
- Department of Pain Management and Research, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Neuropathic Pain, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nils Inge Landrø
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,National Competence Centre for Complex Symptom Disorders, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellisiv Bøgeberg Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher Sivert Nielsen
- Department of Pain Management and Research, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Neuropathic Pain, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Ageing and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique L Roger
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ashrafi F, Taheri MS, Farzaneh A, Behnam B, Ahmadi MA. Cognitive functions and white matter lesions on magnetic resonance images in a sample of normal Iranian population with cardiovascular risk factors. Neuroradiol J 2019; 32:108-114. [PMID: 30674224 DOI: 10.1177/1971400919825862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to a suggestive three-way relationship between brain structural disorders, microvascular lesions, and cognitive impairments, we aimed to examine the association of the volume and number of white matter hyperintensity lesions and lacunar infarcts with cognitive impairment among patients with cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of the Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on a total number of 156 normal subjects aged 30-74 years with cardiovascular risk factors. We used the Framingham general cardiovascular risk factors prediction model to calculate the likelihood of each risk factor. The total number of lacunar infarcts and the volume of white matter hyperintensity lesion were calculated in brain magnetic resonance imaging. Cognition status was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire. RESULTS An adverse association was revealed between Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and different cardiovascular risk profiles including the Framingham body mass index score ( p < 0.001) and the Framingham lipid score ( p < 0.001). The total volume of white matter hyperintensity was negatively associated with total Montreal Cognitive Assessment cognition score ( p < 0.001). Our study also showed an adverse association between total number of lacunar infarcts and total Montreal Cognitive Assessment cognition score ( p = 0.038) and with some cognition components including memory ( p = 0.013), attention ( p = 0.037), abstraction ( p = 0.046), and orientation ( p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Periventricular lesions are associated with impaired memory, language, and visuoconstruction while subcortical lesions are associated with impairment in naming, attention, language, and abstraction functions in normal subjects with cardiovascular risk factors but without cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Ashrafi
- 1 Functional neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Sanei Taheri
- 2 Department of Radiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Farzaneh
- 3 Department of Neurology, Shohada Tajrish hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behdad Behnam
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Firuzgar hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Arab Ahmadi
- 5 Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wecht JM, Weir JP, Katzelnick CG, Wylie G, Eraifej M, Nguyen N, Dyson-Hudson T, Bauman WA, Chiaravalloti N. Systemic and Cerebral Hemodynamic Contribution to Cognitive Performance in Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2957-2964. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jill M. Wecht
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of SCI, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Rehabilitation Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joseph P. Weir
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Caitlyn G. Katzelnick
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of SCI, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, New York
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey
| | - Glenn Wylie
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
- VA War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, East Orange, New Jersey
| | - Mastanna Eraifej
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of SCI, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, New York
| | - Nhuquynh Nguyen
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of SCI, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, New York
| | - Trevor Dyson-Hudson
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - William A. Bauman
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of SCI, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Rehabilitation Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Chiaravalloti
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim MY, Kim K, Hong CH, Lee SY, Jung YS. Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Dementia. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:521-532. [PMID: 30464071 PMCID: PMC6254640 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia, characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and a cumulative inability to behave independently, is highly associated with other diseases. Various cardiovascular disorders, such as coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation, are well-known risk factors for dementia. Currently, increasing evidence suggests that sex factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases, including cardiovascular disease and dementia. Recent studies show that nearly two-thirds of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease are women; however, the incidence difference between men and women remains vague. Therefore, studies are needed to investigate sex-specific differences, which can help understand the pathophysiology of dementia and identify potential therapeutic targets for both sexes. In the present review, we summarize sex differences in the prevalence and incidence of dementia by subtypes. This review also describes sex differences in the risk factors of dementia and examines the impact of risk factors on the incidence of dementia in both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongjin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aljondi R, Szoeke C, Steward C, Gorelik A, Desmond P. The effect of midlife cardiovascular risk factors on white matter hyperintensity volume and cognition two decades later in normal ageing women. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 14:51-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
30
|
Carnevale L, D’Angelosante V, Landolfi A, Grillea G, Selvetella G, Storto M, Lembo G, Carnevale D. Brain MRI fiber-tracking reveals white matter alterations in hypertensive patients without damage at conventional neuroimaging. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1536-1546. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'elettronica, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Valentina D’Angelosante
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'elettronica, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Alessandro Landolfi
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'elettronica, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Giovanni Grillea
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'elettronica, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Giulio Selvetella
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'elettronica, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Marianna Storto
- Department of Analysis Lab Diagnostics, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'elettronica, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'elettronica, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'elettronica, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stradecki-Cohan HM, Cohan CH, Raval AP, Dave KR, Reginensi D, Gittens RA, Youbi M, Perez-Pinzon MA. Cognitive Deficits after Cerebral Ischemia and Underlying Dysfunctional Plasticity: Potential Targets for Recovery of Cognition. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:S87-S105. [PMID: 28453486 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia affects millions of people worldwide and survivors suffer from long-term functional and cognitive deficits. While stroke and cardiac arrest are typically considered when discussing ischemic brain injuries, there is much evidence that smaller ischemic insults underlie neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The "regenerative" capacity of the brain relies on several aspects of plasticity that are crucial for normal functioning; less affected brain areas may take over function previously performed by irreversibly damaged tissue. To harness the endogenous plasticity mechanisms of the brain to provide recovery of cognitive function, we must first understand how these mechanisms are altered after damage, such as cerebral ischemia. In this review, we discuss the long-term cognitive changes that result after cerebral ischemia and how ischemia alters several plasticity processes. We conclude with a discussion of how current and prospective therapies may restore brain plasticity and allow for recovery of cognitive function, which may be applicable to several disorders that have a disruption of cognitive processing, including traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Stradecki-Cohan
- Department of Neurology Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charles H Cohan
- Department of Neurology Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ami P Raval
- Department of Neurology Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diego Reginensi
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Rolando A Gittens
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Mehdi Youbi
- Department of Neurology Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tiwari S, Løchen ML, Jacobsen BK, Hopstock LA, Nyrnes A, Njølstad I, Mathiesen EB, Arntzen KA, Ball J, Stewart S, Wilsgaard T, Schirmer H. Atrial fibrillation is associated with cognitive decline in stroke-free subjects: the Tromsø Study. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1485-1492. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Tiwari
- Department of Community Medicine; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø
| | - M. L. Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø
| | - B. K. Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø
| | - L. A. Hopstock
- Department of Community Medicine; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø
- Department of Health and Care Sciences; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø
| | - A. Nyrnes
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; University Hospital of North Norway; Tromsø
| | - I. Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø
| | - E. B. Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology; University Hospital of North Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - K. A. Arntzen
- Department of Clinical Medicine; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø
| | - J. Ball
- Pre-Clinical Disease and Prevention; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; Melbourne
| | - S. Stewart
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research; Australian Catholic University; Melbourne Australia
| | - T. Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø
| | - H. Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø
- Department of Cardiology; University Hospital of North Norway; Tromsø Norway
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Deckers K, Schievink SHJ, Rodriquez MMF, van Oostenbrugge RJ, van Boxtel MPJ, Verhey FRJ, Köhler S. Coronary heart disease and risk for cognitive impairment or dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184244. [PMID: 28886155 PMCID: PMC5590905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Accumulating evidence suggests an association between coronary heart disease and risk for cognitive impairment or dementia, but no study has systematically reviewed this association. Therefore, we summarized the available evidence on the association between coronary heart disease and risk for cognitive impairment or dementia. METHODS Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched for all publications until 8th January 2016. Articles were included if they fulfilled the inclusion criteria: (1) myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or coronary heart disease (combination of both) as predictor variable; (2) cognition, cognitive impairment or dementia as outcome; (3) population-based study; (4) prospective (≥1 year follow-up), cross-sectional or case-control study design; (5) ≥100 participants; and (6) aged ≥45 years. Reference lists of publications and secondary literature were hand-searched for possible missing articles. Two reviewers independently screened all abstracts and extracted information from potential relevant full-text articles using a standardized data collection form. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We pooled estimates from the most fully adjusted model using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 6,132 abstracts, of which 24 studies were included. A meta-analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies showed that coronary heart disease was associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.21-1.74, p<0.001). Between-study heterogeneity was low (I2 = 25.7%, 95%CI = 0-64, p = 0.207). Similar significant associations were found in separate meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies for the individual predictors (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris). In contrast, meta-analyses of cross-sectional and case-control studies were inconclusive. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION This meta-analysis suggests that coronary heart disease is prospectively associated with increased odds of developing cognitive impairment or dementia. Given the projected worldwide increase in the number of people affected by coronary heart disease and dementia, insight into causal mechanisms or common pathways underlying the heart-brain connection is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay Deckers
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Syenna H. J. Schievink
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria M. F. Rodriquez
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Complexo Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Robert J. van Oostenbrugge
- Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin P. J. van Boxtel
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R. J. Verhey
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stephan BCM, Minett T, Muniz-Terrera G, Harrison SL, Matthews FE, Brayne C. Neuropsychological profiles of vascular disease and risk of dementia: implications for defining vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCI-ND). Age Ageing 2017; 46:755-760. [PMID: 28203692 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCI-ND) defines a preclinical phase of cognitive decline associated with vascular disorders. The neuropsychological profile of VCI-ND may vary according to different vascular conditions. Objective to determine the neuropsychological profile of individuals with no dementia and vascular disorders, including hypertension, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes and stroke. Risk of 2-year incident dementia in individuals with disease and cognitive impairment was also tested. Methods participants were from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. At baseline, 13,004 individuals aged ≥65 years were enrolled into the study. Individuals were grouped by baseline disorder status (present, absent) for each condition. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG). Dementia was assessed at 2 years. Results in the cross-sectional analysis, hypertension, PVD and CHD were not associated with cognitive impairment. Stroke was associated with impaired global (MMSE) and CAMCOG sub-scale (including memory and non-memory) scores. Diabetes was associated with impairments in global cognitive function (MMSE) and abstract thinking. In the longitudinal analysis, cognitive impairments were associated with incident dementia in all groups. Conclusion the neuropsychological profile in individuals with vascular disorders depends on the specific condition investigated. In all conditions cognitive impairment is a risk factor for dementia. A better understanding of which cognitive domains are affected in different disease groups could help improve operationalisation of the neuropsychological criteria for VCI-ND and could also aid with the development of dementia risk prediction models in persons with vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blossom Christa Maree Stephan
- Newcastle University – Newcastle University Institute for Ageing and Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Thais Minett
- University of Cambridge – Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephanie L Harrison
- Newcastle University – Newcastle University Institute for Ageing and Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Fiona E Matthews
- MRC Biostatistics Unit – University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- University of Cambridge – Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Müller J, Chan K, Myers JN. Association Between Exercise Capacity and Late Onset of Dementia, Alzheimer Disease, and Cognitive Impairment. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:211-217. [PMID: 28082018 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address the association between exercise capacity and the onset of dementia, Alzheimer disease, and cognitive impairment. PATIENTS AND METHODS For 6104 consecutive veteran patients (mean ± SD age: 59.2±11.4 years) referred for treadmill exercise testing, the combined end point of dementia, Alzheimer disease, and cognitive impairment was abstracted from the Veterans Affairs computerized patient record system. RESULTS After mean ± SD follow-up of 10.3±5.5 years, 353 patients (5.8%) developed the composite end point at a mean ± SD age of 76.7±10.3 years. After correction for confounders in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, higher age at exercise testing (hazard ratio [HR]=1.08; 95% CI, 1.07-1.09; P<.001), current smoking (HR=1.44; 95% CI, 1.08-1.93; P=.01), and exercise capacity (HR=0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96; P<.001) emerged as predictors of cognitive impairment. Each 1-metabolic equivalent increase in exercise capacity conferred a nearly 8% reduction in the incidence of cognitive impairment. Meeting the recommendations for daily activity was not associated with a delay in onset of cognitive impairment (HR=1.07; 95% CI, 0.86-1.32; P=.55). CONCLUSION Exercise capacity is strongly associated with cognitive function; the inverse association between fitness and cognitive impairment provides an additional impetus for health care providers to promote physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Müller
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
| | - Khin Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jonathan N Myers
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tynkkynen J, Hernesniemi JA, Laatikainen T, Havulinna AS, Sundvall J, Leiviskä J, Salo P, Salomaa V. Apolipoproteins and HDL cholesterol do not associate with the risk of future dementia and Alzheimer's disease: the National Finnish population study (FINRISK). AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:465-473. [PMID: 27663235 PMCID: PMC5266227 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Data on associations of apolipoproteins A-I and B (apo A-I, apo B) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) with dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are conflicting. Our aim was to examine, whether apo B, apoA-I, their ratio, or HDL-C are significant, independent predictors of incident dementia and AD in the general population free of dementia at baseline. We analyzed the results from two Finnish prospective population-based cohort studies in a total of 13,275 subjects aged 25 to 74 years with mainly Caucasian ethnicity. The follow-up time for both cohorts was 10 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate hazard ratios (HR) for incident dementia (including AD) (n = 220) and for AD (n = 154). Cumulative incidence function (CIF) analysis was also performed to adjust the results for competing risks of death. Adjusted for multiple dementia and AD risk factors, log-transformed apo A-I, log HDL-C, log apo B, and log apo B/A-I ratio were not associated with incident dementia or AD. HDL-C was inversely associated with AD risk when adjusted for competing risks but no other statistically significant associations were observed in the CIF analyses. Apo A-I, HDL-C, apo B, or apo B/A-I ratio were not associated with future dementia or AD. HDL-C was inversely associated with incident AD risk when adjusted for competing risks of death, but the finding is unlikely to be of clinical relevance. Our study does not support the use of these risk markers to predict incident dementia or AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juho Tynkkynen
- North Karelia Central Hospital, Tikkamäentie 16, 80210 Joensuu, Finland
- Sammonkatu 29 B 34, 33540 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Laatikainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PL 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Hospital District of North Karelia, Tikkamäentie 16, 80210 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PL 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Sundvall
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PL 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Leiviskä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PL 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Salo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PL 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PL 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rogne S, Vangberg T, Eldevik P, Wikran G, Mathiesen EB, Schirmer H. Magnetic Resonance Volumetry: Prediction of Subjective Memory Complaints and Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Associations with Genetic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2016; 6:529-540. [PMID: 28101099 PMCID: PMC5216191 DOI: 10.1159/000450885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are strong predictors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subsequent Alzheimer's disease. Our aims were to see if fully automated cerebral MR volume measurements could distinguish subjects with SMC and MCI from controls, and if probable parental late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype, total plasma homocysteine, and cardiovascular risk factors were associated with MR volumetric findings. Methods 198 stroke-free subjects comprised the control (n = 58), the SMC (n = 25) and the MCI (n = 115) groups. Analysis of covariance and receiver operating characteristic curve was used to see if MR volumetry distinguished subjects with SMC and MCI from controls. Results Subjects with SMC and MCI had significantly larger lateral ventricles and smaller hippocampal volumes than controls. The area under the curve in subjects with SMC and MCI compared to that of controls was less than 0.68 for all volumes of intracranial structures. There was an interaction between sex and probable parental LOAD for hippocampal volume, with a significant association between probable parental LOAD and hippocampal volume in women. Conclusions Fully automated MR volumetry can distinguish subjects with SMC and MCI from controls in a general population, but insufficiently to assume a clear clinical role. Research on sporadic LOAD might benefit from a sex-specific search for genetic risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigbjørn Rogne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torgil Vangberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Petter Eldevik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gry Wikran
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Disease, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Risk for Dementia: Recent Insights into Brain Insulin Resistance and Hypometabolism. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
39
|
Mid-life Cardiovascular Risk Impacts Memory Function: The Framingham Offspring Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2016; 29:117-23. [PMID: 25187219 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study incorporates unique error response analyses with traditional measures of memory to examine the association between mid-life cardiovascular risk factors and later-life memory function. METHODS The Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP), a composite score of cardiovascular risk, was assessed in 1755 Framingham Offspring participants (54% women, mean age=54±9 y) from 1991 to 1995. Memory tests including Logical Memory and Visual Reproductions were administered from 2005 to 2008. Linear and logistic regression examined the association between FSRP and memory measures. Interaction between the presence of the ApoE4 allele and each FSRP component on the memory measures was also assessed. RESULTS FSRP and the individual components of age, sex, and smoking were related to lower standard scores of memory. The new error response analyses reinforced the standard analyses and also identified new relationships. Participants with diabetes were found to make more errors on Logical Memory, and those with a history of smoking were found to make more errors on Visual Reproductions. Lastly, ApoE4 smokers experienced significant verbal memory loss, whereas ApoE4 smokers did not. CONCLUSIONS Middle-aged healthy adults with cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, history of smoking, and ApoE4 positivity were found to have greater later-life memory impairments.
Collapse
|
40
|
Apostolo J, Holland C, O'Connell MDL, Feeney J, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tadros G, Campos E, Santos N, Robertson DA, Marcucci M, Varela-Nieto I, Crespo-Facorro B, Vieta E, Navarro-Pardo E, Selva-Vera G, Balanzá-Martínez V, Cano A. Mild cognitive decline. A position statement of the Cognitive Decline Group of the European Innovation Partnership for Active and Healthy Ageing (EIPAHA). Maturitas 2015; 83:83-93. [PMID: 26520249 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a term used to describe a level of decline in cognition which is seen as an intermediate stage between normal ageing and dementia, and which many consider to be a prodromal stage of neurodegeneration that may become dementia. That is, it is perceived as a high risk level of cognitive change. The increasing burden of dementia in our society, but also our increasing understanding of its risk factors and potential interventions, require diligent management of MCI in order to find strategies that produce effective prevention of dementia. AIM To update knowledge regarding mild cognitive impairment, and to bring together and appraise evidence about the main features of clinical interest: definitions, prevalence and stability, risk factors, screening, and management and intervention. METHODS Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION MCI describes a level of impairment in which deteriorating cognitive functions still allow for reasonable independent living, including some compensatory strategies. While there is evidence for some early risk factors, there is still a need to more precisely delineate and distinguish early manifestations of frank dementia from cognitive impairment that is less likely to progress to dementia, and furthermore to develop improved prospective evidence for positive response to intervention. An important limitation derives from the scarcity of studies that take MCI as an endpoint. Strategies for effective management suffer from the same limitation, since most studies have focused on dementia. Behavioural changes may represent the most cost-effective approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joao Apostolo
- Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carol Holland
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | - Joanne Feeney
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - George Tadros
- Birmingham & Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Old Age Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth Psychiatric Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Elzbieta Campos
- Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Nadine Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | | | - Maura Marcucci
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico & Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Institute for Biomedical Research, CSIC-UAM and IdiPAZ-CIBERER, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Marqués de Valdecilla Hospital, Santander, Spain; IDIVAL, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Programme, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Gabriel Selva-Vera
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Department of Medicine, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, CIBERSAM, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Spain; Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vitamin D and cognitive function: The Tromsø Study. J Neurol Sci 2015; 355:155-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
42
|
Tikhonoff V, Casiglia E, Guidotti F, Giordano N, Martini B, Mazza A, Spinella P, Palatini P. Body fat and the cognitive pattern: A population-based study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1502-10. [PMID: 26110893 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between body fatness and cognitive pattern at a population level was investigated. METHODS Among 500 unselected subjects from the general population, the role of body mass index (BMI) and body fat mass (BFM) on a mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and on a battery of paper and pencil neuropsychological tests was analyzed. Multiple linear regressions, accounting for potential confounders, were used. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, MMSE (coefficient +0.027, 95% confidence intervals, 0.017-0.177), the clock drawing test (+0.141, 0.053-0.226), and the trail making test A (+1.542, 0.478-2.607) were positively associated with BMI. Adding BFM to the models, no associations were observed. The tests were also positively associated with BFM (+0.056, 0.021-0.091; +0.063, 0.025-0.101; +0.592, 0.107-1.077; respectively). At analysis of covariance, the same tests were significantly better performed over 29.4 kg m(-2) of BMI. After adding BFM as further confounder, all differences in performance across BMI were no longer significant. The three tests were better performed over 34.6 kg of BFM. CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI and particularly higher BFM are positively associated with better performance at the cognitive tasks exploring selective attention and executive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Tikhonoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Bortolo Martini
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Santorso, Thiene, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazza
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Paolo Spinella
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Palatini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
George MG, Hong Y, Bowman BA. Improving Population Blood Pressure Control for Brain and Heart Health. Public Health Rep 2015; 130:302-6. [PMID: 26345373 PMCID: PMC4547583 DOI: 10.1177/003335491513000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary G. George
- Mary G. George is Deputy Associate Director for Science and Senior Medical Officer, Yuling Hong is Associate Director for Science, and Barbara A. Bowman is Director, all with the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention at CDC
| | - Yuling Hong
- Mary G. George is Deputy Associate Director for Science and Senior Medical Officer, Yuling Hong is Associate Director for Science, and Barbara A. Bowman is Director, all with the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention at CDC
| | - Barbara A. Bowman
- Mary G. George is Deputy Associate Director for Science and Senior Medical Officer, Yuling Hong is Associate Director for Science, and Barbara A. Bowman is Director, all with the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention at CDC
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mild cognitive impairment: vascular risk factors in community elderly in four cities of Hebei Province, China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124566. [PMID: 25962184 PMCID: PMC4427494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence has demonstrated that vascular risk factors (VRFs) contribute to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly population. Because of the race and different diagnosis standard, there is still no definitive conclusions. Objective To estimate the VRFs and potential protective factors for MCI in elderly population living in the community in North China. Methods A total of 3136 participants entered the study. They were screened for hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Cognitive function was assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The diagnosis of MCI was made according to Petersen’s criteria. We investigated the relationship between vascular risk factors, potential protective factors and MCI. Results A total of 2511 (80%) participant belonged to normal group and 625 (20%) participants showed MCI. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that stroke and diabetes, but not hypertension or CHD was associated with MCI. Besides, exercise habit could lower the risk of MCI. Conclusions Vascular Risk Factors, including stroke and diabetes, rather than hypertension and CHD are independent risk factors of MCI. Involvement in physical activities seems to reduce the risk of MCI.
Collapse
|
45
|
Yukutake T, Yamada M, Fukutani N, Nishiguchi S, Kayama H, Tanigawa T, Adachi D, Hotta T, Morino S, Tashiro Y, Aoyama T, Arai H. Arterial Stiffness Predicts Cognitive Decline in Japanese Community-dwelling Elderly Subjects: A One-year Follow-up Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 22:637-44. [PMID: 25737064 DOI: 10.5551/jat.27391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine whether arterial stiffness can be used to predict one-year changes in the cognitive function in Japanese community-dwelling elderly subjects. METHODS A total of 103 Japanese community-dwelling elderly patients joined this study. Information regarding the age, height, weight, gender and past medical history of each participant was obtained. Additionally, arterial stiffness was determined according to the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and the cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). One year later, we performed the MMSE in the same subjects. After dividing the cohort according to the 80th percentile of the CAVI (normal and arterial stiffness [AS] groups), we examined whether the degree of cognitive decline, as determined using the pre- and post-MMSE, was significantly different based on the severity of arterial stiffness, adjusted for age, BMI, gender and the pre-MMSE scores. RESULTS Of the 103 subjects who participated in the pre-data collection, 74 (38 men and 36 women, 73.4±4.0 years) joined the post-data collection. We found a significant difference in the change in the post-MMSE scores between the normal and AS groups (pre-MMSE: normal group [27.4±2.1] and AS group [26.9±2.4] and post-MMSE: normal group [27.2±2.1] and AS group [25.5±2.3], F=5.95, p=0.02). For each domain of the MMSE, the changes in MMSE-attention-and-calculation (F=5.11, p=0.03) and MMSE-language (F=4.32, p=0.04) were significantly different according to an ANCOVA. CONCLUSIONS We found that arterial stiffness predicts cognitive decline in Japanese community-dwelling elderly subjects regardless of the initial level of the global cognitive function. This finding indicates the potential use of the degree of arterial stiffness as an indicator for preventing or delaying the onset of dementia in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yukutake
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cognitive impairment and cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. A heart-brain continuum hypothesis. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 18:41-52. [PMID: 25107566 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aging population is increasing and, therefore, a higher prevalence of cardiac disease is emerging; including hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure. Large cohort studies have revealed a relationship among increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia in cardiovascular diseases probably due to embolic stroke or chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Thus, the aim of the present review is to overview the studies that investigate the presence and/or the development of cognitive impairments and dementia in patients with varied types of cardiovascular disease. Finally, a continuum among hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure with to the development of cognitive impairment and progression to dementia has been hypothesized.
Collapse
|
47
|
Midlife cardiovascular risk impacts executive function: Framingham offspring study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2014; 28:16-22. [PMID: 23995818 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0b013e3182a715bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel error scores and traditional indices of executive function (EF) were related to cardiovascular risk factors measured 10 to 15 years earlier. METHODS From 1991 to 1995, the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP), a composite score of cardiovascular risk, was ascertained in 1755 Framingham Offspring participants (54% women, mean age=54±9 y). Participants were administered EF tests, which included: FAS and Animals Fluency tests, Trail Making Test B (TrB), and Digit Span-Backwards (DS-B), from 2005 to 2009. Linear and logistic regression were used to relate the FSRP and its components to both error responses and traditional scores. RESULTS Consistent with previous findings, the FSRP and the individual components, diabetes and sex, were associated with several traditional measures of EF. Of interest were relationships between the FSRP score and TrB Total Errors (P=0.04), DS-B% Total Errors (P=0.02) and DS-B Capacity Score (P=0.03), and prevalent CVD related to making FAS Perseverations in the 75th percentile (P=0.03). By comparison, FSRP and CVD were not related to the traditional DS-B or FAS scores. In addition, age was associated with higher Animals % Total Errors and % Perseverations among ApoE4+ individuals and with higher TrB Total Errors among ApoE4- individuals. CONCLUSIONS For those middle-aged and healthy, including those who are ApoE4+, cardiovascular risk factors are related to impairments in EF as ascertained by novel errors and traditional measures.
Collapse
|
48
|
Qiao J, Lu WH, Wang J, Guo XJ, Qu QM. Vascular risk factors aggravate the progression of Alzheimer's disease: a 3-year follow-up study of Chinese population. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 29:521-5. [PMID: 24562899 PMCID: PMC10852841 DOI: 10.1177/1533317514522853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the correlation of vascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Chinese population. METHODS A total of 123 outpatients with probable AD followed up for 3 years were investigated. Severity of cognitive impairment and functional ability was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and modified activities of daily living (ADLs), respectively. The incidence of vascular risk factors was studied in patients with AD. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed significance difference in MMSE and ADL scores between patients with and without vascular risk factors (P < .05). Multiple regression analysis showed age, education, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypertension were significant variables associated with annual MMSE, while there were no significant correlations between annual MMSE and sex, initial MMSE, diabetes, and so on. CONCLUSIONS Vascular risk factors are common comorbidities in patients with AD in China, with younger, better educated ones showing faster cognitive decline. Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia may also aggravate the progression, and it is important to prevent and treat patients with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiu-Min Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Relating education, brain structure, and cognition: the role of cardiovascular disease risk factors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:271487. [PMID: 25184136 PMCID: PMC4145551 DOI: 10.1155/2014/271487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of education on cognitive and brain health is well established. While the direct effects of individual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (i.e., hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and obesity) on cerebral structure have been investigated, little is understood about the possible interaction between the protective effect of education and the deleterious effects of CVD risk factors in predicting brain ageing and cognition. Using data from the PATH Through Life study (N = 266), we investigated the protective effect of education on cerebral structure and function and tested a possible mediating role of CVD risk factors. Higher education was associated with larger regional grey/white matter volumes in the prefrontal cortex in men only. The association between education and cognition was mediated by brain volumes but only for grey matter and only in relation to information processing speed. CVD risk factors did not mediate the association between regional volumes and cognition. This study provides additional evidence in support for a protective effect of education on cerebral structures and cognition. However, it does not provide support for a mediating role of CVD risk factors in these associations.
Collapse
|
50
|
Husaini B, Cain V, Novotny M, Samad Z, Levine R, Moonis M. Variation in risk factors of dementia among four elderly patient cohorts. World J Neurol 2014; 4:7-11. [DOI: 10.5316/wjn.v4.i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine variation in risk factors that contributed to dementia among four elderly cohorts by race and gender.
METHODS: We examined 2008 Tennessee Hospital Discharged database for vascular factors that play a role in both stroke and dementia. Risk factors for dementia were examined for black and white patients aged 65+. Four race-gender groups of patients-white males (WM), black males (BM), white females (WF), and black females (BF) were compared for prevalence of dementia and stroke. A logistic model predicting dementia in each group separately used several vascular factors affecting dementia directly or indirectly through stroke.
RESULTS: Three point six percent of patients hospitalized in 2008 had dementia and dementia was higher among females than males (3.9% vs 3.2%, P < 0.001), and higher among blacks than whites (4.2% vs 3.5%, P < 0.000). Further, BF had higher prevalence of dementia than WF (4.2% vs 3.8%, P < 0.001); similarly BM had more dementia than WM (4.1% vs 3.1%, P < 0.001). In logistic regression models, however, different patterns of risk factors were associated with dementia in four groups: among WF and WM, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and stroke predicted dementia. Among BF and BM, only stroke and diabetes were related to dementia.
CONCLUSION: Aggressive management of risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) may subsequently reduce stroke and dementia hospitalization.
Collapse
|