Schistosomiasis as an unusual cause of appendicitis

Atypical perforated appendicitis secondary to schistosomiasis: a rare case report

Introduction

Schistosomiasis is the second most common parasite disease after malaria and a rare cause of appendicitis. It has been well-documented in the literature that schistosomiasis infection can have several multisystem effects. The unusual condition known as schistosomal appendicitis was initially described by Turner.

Case presentation

We present a 48-year-old man with perforated appendicitis and schistosomiasis-like radiological findings. An appendectomy was performed, and schistosomiasis was confirmed by a histological study of the excised appendix. Praziquantel was administered in a single dosage.

Conclusion

Although schistosomiasis is a rare cause of appendicitis and is very prevalent in developing nations, it should be considered when managing the condition. Anti-shistosoma drugs, which are not frequently used in post-appendectomy cases, should also be considered in the management.

Appendiceal schistosomiasis presenting as an appendiceal mass

Background:

Schistosomiasis has been noted to be one of the most widespread parasitic diseases in the world. It is commonest in developing countries and 85% of the infections have been reported in Sub-Saharan Africa. Presentation with an appendiceal mass has been a rarity among the cases reported thus far.

Case Presentation:

We report the case of a 23-year-old man who presented with an appendiceal mass that responded to conservative treatment and had interval appendicectomy with histological confirmation of schistosomal appendicitis. He received post-operative medical therapy for schistosomiasis and had no sequelae thereafter.

Conclusion:

Appendiceal mass from schistosomal appendicitis responds to initial conservative management, followed by interval appendicectomy and post-operative anti-schistosomal medications serving as adequate treatment subsequently.

Atypical Presentation of Acute Appendicitis with Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that is induced by different species of Schistosoma. The infection can manifest with a variety of different pathologies depending on the involved system and causative species. Schistosoma-induced appendicitis is rare in developed countries. We discuss a case of a middle-aged female who was diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent appendectomy. Upon histopathological examination of the resected appendix, Schistosoma infestation was identified as the underlying cause.

The Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infection in El Behara Schoolchildren

This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasite in schoolchildren in Damanhur, Egypt and some of its villages. The pathogenic enteric protozoa have been progressively involved in bargaining the soundness of a great many individuals, for the most part in creating nations. Mediations are being set up to control the dreariness and mortality because of these protozoan contaminations. A portion of these mediations target school going kids with regards to class based wellbeing intercession. The present examination concentrated on exploring the commonness of intestinal protozoan contaminations among younger students chose networks comprising of urban, urban-poor and per urban settlements in the Damanhour and a few towns. In the present work Giardia lamblia was the second usually identified protozoan with a diseases rate 10.4% among the analyzed cases. In the present examination generally speaking level of parasitic contaminations among the kids was 57.3%. It's viewed as Enterobius vermicularis was the most usually identified protozoan as it spoke to 4.1% of the parasitic diseases in the considered cases pursued by Ascaris lumbricoides; 1.4% and Giardia lamblia contaminations as they spoke to 0.6%; separately. The protozoa like Giardia and Cryptosporidium are regularly present in surface waters and cause episodes in this manner legitimately affecting human wellbeing.

Unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens: A retrospective analysis and literature review

AIM: To document unusual findings in appendectomy specimens.

METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 5262 patients who underwent appendectomies for presumed acute appendicitis from January 2006 to October 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Appendectomies performed as incidental procedures during some other operation were excluded. We focused on 54 patients who had unusual findings in their appendectomy specimens. We conducted a literature review via the PubMed and Google Scholar databases of English language studies published between 2000 and 2010 on unusual findings in appendectomy specimens.

RESULTS: Unusual findings were determined in 54 (1%) cases by histopathology. Thirty were male and 24 were female with ages ranging from 15 to 84 years (median, 32.2 ± 15.1 years). Final pathology revealed 37 cases of enterobiasis, five cases of carcinoids, four mucinous cystadenomas, two eosinophilic infiltrations, two mucoceles, two tuberculosis, one goblet-cell carcinoid, and one neurogenic hyperplasia. While 52 patients underwent a standard appendectomy, two patients who were diagnosed with tuberculous appendicitis underwent a right hemicolectomy. All tumors were located at the distal part of the appendix with a mean diameter of 6.8 mm (range, 4-10 mm). All patients with tumors were alive and disease-free during a mean follow-up of 17.8 mo. A review of 1366 cases reported in the English literature is also discussed.

CONCLUSION: Although unusual pathological findings are seldom seen during an appendectomy, all appendectomy specimens should be sent for routine histopathological examination.

Infectious causes of appendicitis

The pathologic spectrum of the inflamed appendix encompasses a wide range of infectious entities, some with specific histologic findings, and others with nonspecific findings that may require an extensive diagnostic evaluation. The appendix is exclusively involved in some of these disorders, and in others may be involved through extension from other areas of the gastrointestinal tract. This review discusses the pathologic features of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections affecting the appendix, including adenovirus; cytomegalovirus; Yersinia, Actinomyces, Mycobacterium, or Histoplasma species; Enterobius vermicularis; schistosomiasis; and Strongyloides stercoralis. Pertinent ancillary diagnostic techniques and the clinical context and significance of the various infections are also discussed.

Parasitic infection of the appendix as a cause of acute appendicitis

The association between parasitic infection of the appendix and acute appendicitis has been widely investigated. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of parasitic infection of the appendix in a tropical area at southeast Brazil and to assess its possible relation to acute appendicitis in surgically removed appendices. Of the 1,600 appendectomies performed during a 10-year period, 24 (1.5%) were found to have helminths within the appendix. Enterobius vermicularis was observed in 23 of the 24 specimens (95.8%), and Taenia sp. was detected in only one case. Sixteen patients (66.7%) were less than 10 years old; 15 patients were male and nine female; 21 patients were white, and three were nonwhites. Pathologic analysis disclosed acute neutrophilic inflammation in the appendix wall in 12 of the 24 specimens and lymphoid hyperplasia in 10 of the 24 appendices. Gangrenous appendicitis was diagnosed in three cases, and peritonitis was found in 11 of the 24 infected appendices. The results of the present study indicate that E. vermicularis is the commonest worm found in the appendix and that its presence can cause pathologic changes ranging from lymphoid hyperplasia to acute phlegmonous inflammation with life-threatening complications like gangrene and peritonitis.

Acute appendicitis in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

BACKGROUND

A 7-year old, female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) developed acute abdominal pain and anorexia. An irregular, mineral opacity was identified in the caudal right quadrant of the abdomen on radiographs and computed tomography scan, which appeared to be in the region of the cecal appendage.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

A diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made based on clinical signs, abnormal haematology findings, and consultation with a human radiologist. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and the cecal appendage was removed. On histologic examination, the mucosal epithelium contained eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation. The inflammation extended through the tunica muscularis to the serosal surface and adjacent mesentery. The histologic findings were consistent with acute appendicitis in humans. The chimpanzee recovered well from surgery with immediate improvement in clinical signs and no post-operative complications.

Les abdomens aigus d'étiologie parasitaire : analyse d'une série rétrospective de 135 cas

OBJECTIVE

To assess acute abdomens incidence of parasitic origin at Yaounde (Cameroon) and evaluate their different management modalities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Retrospective study from January 1973 to December 2002 of patients managed at Department of Surgery, Central Hospital, Yaounde (Cameroon).

RESULTS

Among 3464 acute abdomens managed by laparotomy during this period, 135 patients (3.9%) had a parasitic origin. Ninety-seven patients (79%) were operated on before 1990. Among these 135 patients, 63 (47%) had peritonitis secondary to liver amoebic abscess intraperitoneal rupture, 24 (18%) had acute intestinal obstruction due to an ascaridioma, 21 (15%) had appendicitis of parasitic origin, 15 (11%) had amoebic typhlitis, 4 (3%) had pancreatitis and/or angiocholitis caused by the obstruction of ampulla of Vater by an adult ascaris worm, 4 (3%) had intestinal perforation by ascaris, and 4 (3%) had intussusception (tricocephalus).

CONCLUSIONS

Incidence of abdominal emergencies of parasitic origin is unfrequent but not rare at Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon. This incidence is decreasing over time. However, liver amoebic abscess intraperitoneal rupture is the most common cause of peritonitis and is still associated with postoperative high mortality rate. Preoperative diagnosis could lead to non-operative management that may be associated with better prognosis.

Appendicitis associated with presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs: an unusual pathology for Europe. Report of three cases

Three cases of appendicitis associated with presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in the appendix tissue are reported. The patients (two males and one female) were all from Ghana and had immigrated to Italy a few years previously. It is difficult to attribute the cause of the appendicitis to the parasite; it is more probable that the appendicular location of the eggs occurred accidentally many years earlier in an endemic zone of the country of origin, and that recently bacterial agents were able to provoke the present appendicitis. Since it is probable that with the increase in the number of immigrants to Europe from endemic countries (sub-Saharan Africa in particular) other similar cases may occur, it is important that the surgeon and the pathologist be aware of this pathology, which has so far been considered unusual.

Appendiceal taeniasis presenting like acute appendicitis

A case of parasitic appendicitis caused by Taenia sp. in a 28-year-old woman from Brazil is reported. Histopathological data and a description of the helminthe found in the appendix lumen are presented.