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Dual synergistic response for the electrochemical detection of H1N1 virus and viral proteins using high affinity peptide receptors. Talanta 2022; 248:123613. [PMID: 35653962 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Identifying alternatives to antibodies as bioreceptors to test samples feasibly is crucial for developing next-generation in vitro diagnostic methods. Here, we aimed to devise an analytical method for detecting H1N1 viral proteins (hemagglutinin [HA] and neuraminidase [NA]) as well as the complete H1N1 virus with high sensitivity and selectivity. By applying biopanning of M13 peptide libraries, high affinity peptides specific for HA or NA were successfully identified. After selection, three different synthetic peptides that incorporated gold-binding motifs were designed and chemically synthesized on the basis of the original sequence identified phage display technique with or without two repeat. Their binding interactions were characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), square wave voltammetry (SWV), Time of flight-secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The binding constants (Kd) of HA BP1, HA BP2 and NA BP1 peptides were found to be 169.72 nM, 70.02 nM and 224.49 nM for HA or NA proteins by electrochemical measurements (SWV). The single use of HA BP2 peptide enabled the detection of either H1N1 viral proteins or the actual H1N1 virus, while NA BP1 peptide exhibited lower binding for real H1N1 virus particles. Moreover, the use of both HA BP1 and BP2 as a divalent capturing reagent improved sensor performance as well as the strength of the electrochemical signal, thereby exhibiting a dual synergistic effect for the electrochemical detection of H1N1 antigens with satisfactory specificity and sensitivity (limit of detection of 1.52 PFU/mL).
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Chattopadhyay K, Mandal M, Maiti DK. Smart Metal-Organic Frameworks for Biotechnological Applications: A Mini-Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8159-8171. [PMID: 35005918 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this pandemic situation it is evident that viruses and bacteria, more specifically, multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, endanger human civilization severely. It is high time to design smart weapons to combat these pathogens for the prevention and cure of allied ailments. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials designed from metal ions or inorganic clusters and multidentate organic ligands. Due to some unique features like high porosity, tunable pore shape and size, numerous possible metal-ligand combinations, etc., MOFs are ideal candidates to design "smart biotechnological tools". MOFs construct promising fluorescence based biosensing platforms for detection of viruses. MOFs also exhibit excellent antibacterial activity due to their ability for sustained release of active biocidal agents. There are several reviews that summarize the antibacterial applications of MOFs, but the biosensing platforms based on MOFs for detection of viruses have scarcely been summarized. This review carefully covers both the aspects including virus detection (nucleic acid recognition and immunological detection) with underlying mechanisms as well as antibacterial application of MOFs and doped MOFs or composites. This review will deliver valuable information and references for designing new, smarter antimicrobial agents based on MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India.,Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata 700017, India
| | - Manas Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Chaitanya College, Habra, WB 743268, India.,Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
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Kim E, Lim EK, Park G, Park C, Lim JW, Lee H, Na W, Yeom M, Kim J, Song D, Haam S. Advanced Nanomaterials for Preparedness Against (Re-)Emerging Viral Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005927. [PMID: 33586180 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
While the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) accounts for the current global pandemic, the emergence of other unknown pathogens, named "Disease X," remains a serious concern in the future. Emerging or re-emerging pathogens continue to pose significant challenges to global public health. In response, the scientific community has been urged to create advanced platform technologies to meet the ever-increasing needs presented by these devastating diseases with pandemic potential. This review aims to bring new insights to allow for the application of advanced nanomaterials in future diagnostics, vaccines, and antiviral therapies, thereby addressing the challenges associated with the current preparedness strategies in clinical settings against viruses. The application of nanomaterials has advanced medicine and provided cutting-edge solutions for unmet needs. Herein, an overview of the currently available nanotechnologies is presented, highlighting the significant features that enable them to control infectious diseases, and identifying the challenges that remain to be addressed for the commercial production of nano-based products is presented. Finally, to conclude, the development of a nanomaterial-based system using a "One Health" approach is suggested. This strategy would require a transdisciplinary collaboration and communication between all stakeholders throughout the entire process spanning across research and development, as well as the preclinical, clinical, and manufacturing phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunseon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonsung Na
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Fung J, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Humans. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2099:89-97. [PMID: 31883089 PMCID: PMC7123003 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is the second novel zoonotic disease infecting humans caused by coronavirus (CoV) in this century. To date, more than 2200 laboratory-confirmed human cases have been identified in 27 countries, and more than 800 MERS-CoV associated deaths have been reported since its outbreak in 2012. Rapid laboratory diagnosis of MERS-CoV is the key to successful containment and prevention of the spread of infection. Though the gold standard for diagnosing MERS-CoV infection in humans is still nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) of the up-E region, an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could also be of use for early diagnosis in less developed locations. In the present method, a step-by-step guide to perform a MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein (NP) capture ELISA using two NP-specific monoclonal antibodies is provided for readers to develop their in-house workflow or diagnostic kit for clinical use and for mass-screening project of animals (e.g., dromedaries and bats) to better understand the spread and evolution of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Zhang Z, Zhang F, Bai S, Qiao J, Shen H, Huang F, Gao S, Li S, Gu Y, Xia N. Characterization and epitope mapping of a panel of monoclonal antibodies against HIV‐1 matrix protein. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:807-815. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsSchool of Public HealthXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsSchool of Public HealthXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Shimeng Bai
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseaseSchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsSchool of Public HealthXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Shen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseaseSchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseaseSchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsSchool of Public HealthXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsSchool of Public HealthXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseaseSchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsSchool of Public HealthXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseaseSchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsSchool of Public HealthXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseaseSchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
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Rapid identification of imported influenza viruses at Xiamen International Airport via an active surveillance program. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:289-294. [PMID: 28587905 PMCID: PMC7128276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The cross-border transmission of infectious diseases is a worldwide public health issue. Current border screening measures are insufficiently sensitive. The study objectives were to describe the epidemiologic pattern of influenza infection among incoming travellers at Xiamen International Airport during nonpandemic periods and to assess the performance of a rapid influenza diagnostic test in border screening. Methods Between May 2015 and May 2016, travellers with influenza-like illnesses entering China at Xiamen International Airport were screened with a rapid test, Flu Dot-ELISA, and the collected specimens were further subjected to virus isolation and phylogenetic analysis. Results Of the 1 540 076 incoming travellers, 1224 cases of influenza-like illness were identified; 261 tested positive in the rapid test, and 176 were confirmed to be influenza through virus culture. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test were demonstrated to be 96.6% (170/176) and 91.3% (957/1048), respectively, and the positive predictive and negative predictive values were 65.1% (170/261) and 99.4% (957/963), respectively. The epidemiologic study indicated that H3N2 and (H1N1)pdm09 were dominant in 2015 and 2016, respectively. In 2016, an increased number of influenza B isolates and cocirculation of both Victoria and Yamagata lineage influenza B viruses were observed, and mismatches between circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B Victoria lineage strains and vaccine strains also occurred. Conclusions We demonstrated the suitability and value of a high-sensitivity rapid influenza test in border screening and highlighted the importance of incoming travellers as a source of imported infectious diseases.
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Abstract
It is a critically important challenge to rapidly design effective vaccines to reduce the morbidity and mortality of unexpected pandemics. Inspired from the way that most enveloped viruses hijack a host cell membrane and subsequently release by a budding process that requires cell membrane scission, we genetically engineered viral antigen to harbor into cell membrane, then form uniform spherical virus-mimetic nanovesicles (VMVs) that resemble natural virus in size, shape, and specific immunogenicity with the help of surfactants. Incubation of major cell membrane vesicles with surfactants generates a large amount of nano-sized uniform VMVs displaying the native conformational epitopes. With the diverse display of epitopes and viral envelope glycoproteins that can be functionally anchored onto VMVs, we demonstrate VMVs to be straightforward, robust and tunable nanobiotechnology platforms for fabricating antigen delivery systems against a wide range of enveloped viruses.
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Chen Y, Chan KH, Kang Y, Chen H, Luk HKH, Poon RWS, Chan JFW, Yuen KY, Xia N, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. A sensitive and specific antigen detection assay for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2015; 4:e26. [PMID: 26421268 PMCID: PMC4575394 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since its emergence in 2012, more than 900 laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have been reported with a fatality rate of more than 30%. However, no antigen detection assay for commercial use is available for diagnosis. In this study, the full-length nucleocapsid protein (NP) gene of MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. A MERS-CoV NP capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two MERS-CoV-NP-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated was developed. The ELISA was evaluated using 129 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) positive for various respiratory viruses and simulated positive NPAs by adding serial dilutions of MERS-CoV. Using a cutoff OD of 0.19, all 129 NPAs positive for respiratory viruses showed very low OD, with a specificity of 100%. For the two simulated MERS-CoV-positive NPAs with serial dilutions of live MERS-CoV, all samples with ≥10 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)/0.1 mL showed positive results. For the 10 additional NPAs with 20 and 200 TCID50/0.1 mL of live MERS-CoV added, all were positive. A highly sensitive and specific MAbs-based antigen capture ELISA has been developed for MERS. This sensitive and specific antigen capture ELISA should be useful for detection of MERS-CoV in human and dromedaries and in field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China ; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Yahong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China ; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Hayes K H Luk
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Rosana W S Poon
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China ; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
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Wei X, Zheng L, Luo F, Lin Z, Guo L, Qiu B, Chen G. Fluorescence biosensor for the H5N1 antibody based on a metal–organic framework platform. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1812-1817. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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A highly specific ELISA for diagnosis of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infections. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 111:693-7. [PMID: 23265748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Accurate and timely diagnosis is vital for the clinical management of influenza. A 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was tested with selected clinical samples. METHODS A selection of 90 throat swab samples with various viral loads of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) were tested. RESULTS Using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction as a gold standard, the overall sensitivity (0.57) was higher than that of the QuickVue Influenza A+B Test (0.43). The specificity of the ELISA was 1.0 using the selected sample set. The positive and negative predictive values were 1 and 0.4, respectively. CONCLUSION The ELISA is an easy to perform, highly specific, and fairly sensitive diagnostic tool for the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infections. A strong correlation was found between viral load and specificity.
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Li Y, Hong M, Lin Y, Bin Q, Lin Z, Cai Z, Chen G. Highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for H1N1 influenza virus based on copper-mediated amplification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6562-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31990j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Legastelois I, Chevalier M, Bernard MC, de Montfort A, Fouque M, Pilloud A, Serraille C, Devard N, Engel O, Sodoyer R, Moste C. Avian glycan-specific IgM monoclonal antibodies for the detection and quantitation of type A and B haemagglutinins in egg-derived influenza vaccines. J Virol Methods 2011; 178:129-36. [PMID: 21907241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two IgM monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), Y6F5 and Y13F9, were selected during a screening of clones obtained immunising BALB/c mice with purified envelop proteins of the A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2) IVR108 influenza strain. These MAbs recognised avian glycans on the haemagglutinin (HA) of the virus. This broad recognition allowed these MAbs to be used as enzyme-labelled secondary antibody reagents in a strain specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in combination with a capture MAb that recognised and allowed the quantitation of the strain specific HA protein present in an egg-produced influenza vaccine. Advantage was taken of these MAbs to develop a universal ELISA in which the MAbs were used both as capture antibody and as enzyme-labelled secondary antibody to detect and quantify the HA protein of any egg-derived influenza vaccine. These avian-glycan specific IgM MAbs may prove to be particularly useful for determining the HA concentration in monovalent egg-derived pandemic influenza vaccines, in which the HA concentration may be lower than 5μg/ml. The HA detection limit in the ELISA assays developed in this study was 1.9μg/ml, as opposed to the 5μg/ml quantitation limit generally accepted for the standard single-radial-immunodiffusion (SRID) assay, the approved technique for quantifying HA content in influenza vaccines. These ELISAs can also be used to quantify influenza HA formulated with emulsion-based or mineral salt adjuvants that could interfere with HA measurement by the SRID assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Legastelois
- Department of Research, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
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