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Balamurugan V, Varghese B, Sowjanya Kumari S, Vinod Kumar K, Muthuchelvan D, Nagalingam M, Roy P. Avidin-Biotin recombinant antigen capture ELISA for the detection of peste des petits ruminants virus in the clinical specimens of sheep and goats. J Virol Methods 2021; 291:114103. [PMID: 33610651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development of Avidin-Biotin recombinant Antigen Capture ELISA (ABrAC ELISA) for the detection of the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antigens in the clinical specimens of sheep and goats. The assay uses the truncated recombinant PPRV N-terminal immunogenic region of nucleoprotein (rPPRV-NPN) as a reference positive antigen and its polyclonal antibodies as capture/detective antibodies and the rabbit PPRV polyclonal antibodies as coating antibodies. The cut-off value was determined as double times the mean reactivity of blank control based on the reactivity of the PPR confirmed negative and positive control panel samples. On assessing the specificity with the related differential diagnosis of the disease-causing viruses and bacteria, the assay showed specific detective reactivity to PPRV. Further, on evaluation using clinical specimens (n-274) of sheep and goats, the assay showed that the relative diagnostic sensitivity of 86.49 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 71.23-95.46 %) and diagnostic specificity of 96.20 % (95 % CI: 92.91-98.25 %) against PPRV nucleoprotein-specific monoclonal antibody-based sandwich-ELISA (PPR s-ELISA) kit, with an accuracy of 94.89 % (95 % CI: 91.58-97.18 %) and Cohen's Kappa value of 0.791 + 0.055 SE (95 % CI: 0.68-0.90) with substantial agreements. The ABrAC-ELISA is an alternative method of an immunoassay for the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of the PPRV antigens m the clinical specimens of sheep and goats for surveillance or diagnosis of PPR. This study also shows that the rPPRV-NPN and its specific polyclonal antibodies could be the sustainable source of safe diagnostic reagents without the need to handle the infectious virus during the eradication and post-eradication phases in endemic countries like India or PPR non-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Balamurugan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bibitha Varghese
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - S Sowjanya Kumari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - K Vinod Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M Nagalingam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Parimal Roy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is the second novel zoonotic disease infecting humans caused by coronavirus (CoV) in this century. To date, more than 2200 laboratory-confirmed human cases have been identified in 27 countries, and more than 800 MERS-CoV associated deaths have been reported since its outbreak in 2012. Rapid laboratory diagnosis of MERS-CoV is the key to successful containment and prevention of the spread of infection. Though the gold standard for diagnosing MERS-CoV infection in humans is still nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) of the up-E region, an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could also be of use for early diagnosis in less developed locations. In the present method, a step-by-step guide to perform a MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein (NP) capture ELISA using two NP-specific monoclonal antibodies is provided for readers to develop their in-house workflow or diagnostic kit for clinical use and for mass-screening project of animals (e.g., dromedaries and bats) to better understand the spread and evolution of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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