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Justa P, Lyngdoh S. Understanding carnivore interactions in a cold arid trans-Himalayan landscape: What drives co-existence patterns within predator guild along varying resource gradients? Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10040. [PMID: 37181213 PMCID: PMC10173057 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Predators compete for resources aggressively, forming trophic hierarchies that shape the structure of an ecosystem. Competitive interactions between species are modified in the human-altered environment and become particularly important where an introduced predator can have negative effects on native predator and prey species. The trans-Himalayan region of northern India has seen significant development in tourism and associated infrastructure over the last two decades, resulting in many changes to the natural setting of the landscape. While tourism, combined with unmanaged garbage can facilitate red fox (Vulpes vulpes), it also allows free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), an introduced mesopredator to thrive, possibly more than the native red fox. We look at the little-known competitive dynamics of these two meso-carnivores, as well as their intra-guild interactions with the region's top carnivores, the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and the Himalayan wolf (Canis lupus chanco). To study interactions between these four carnivores, we performed multispecies occupancy modeling and analyzed spatiotemporal interactions between these predators using camera trap data. We also collected scat samples to calculate dietary niche overlaps and determine the extent of competition for food resources between these carnivores. The study found that, after controlling for habitat and prey covariates, red fox site use was related positively to snow leopard site use, but negatively to dog and wolf site use. In addition, site use of the dog was associated negatively with top predators, that is, snow leopard and Himalayan wolf, while top predators themselves related negatively in their site use. As anthropogenic impacts increase, we find that these predators coexist in this resource-scarce landscape through dietary or spatiotemporal segregation, implying competition for limited resources. Our research adds to the scant ecological knowledge of the predators in the region and improves our understanding of community dynamics in human-altered ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Justa
- Department of Landscape Level Planning & ManagementWildlife Institute of IndiaDehradunIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative ResearchGhaziabadIndia
| | - Salvador Lyngdoh
- Department of Landscape Level Planning & ManagementWildlife Institute of IndiaDehradunIndia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative ResearchGhaziabadIndia
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Santos SL, De la Fuente MF, Alves RRN. Patterns associated with hunting with dogs in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:71. [PMID: 36529782 PMCID: PMC9759908 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hunting has been an important cultural and subsistence activity for the survival of the human population. In the Brazilian semiarid region (Caatinga), the extreme seasonal changes and socioeconomic conditions have made local people dependent on the natural resources available, including wildlife. Although hunting with dogs can result in higher efficiency for hunters, it can also have implications for game species conservation. METHODS Using an ethnozoological approach (semi-structured questionnaires, free interviews, informal conversations, and free listing technique), this study aimed to analyze the patterns of hunting with dogs activities in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil by characterizing hunters' and hunting dogs' profiles, investigating target and nontarget prey species, hunters' practices, motivations, and perceptions regarding the efficiency of hunting with dogs. RESULTS We found that hunters that use dog assistance were mostly men, of different ages, with an occupation in agriculture, receiving less than a minimum wage, and with a low level of formal education. Hunters use two or more mixed-breed dogs with no clear preference regarding dogs' sex. The motivations for hunting with dogs included mainly food, sport, and trade. Hunters cited twenty species captured by dogs without distinction between prey's sex and age (14 mammals, 4 birds, and 2 reptiles). Only six of these were mentioned as being target prey when hunting with dogs. From nontarget species, eight carnivores are usually left at the site of kill, as they have no use to the hunters. Hunters perceived that hunting with dogs could be three times more efficient than hunting without dogs. CONCLUSION Overall, hunting with dogs represents a complex set of local variables, including characteristics of dogs and prey species, hunters' motivations, and practices that should be considered according to each particular situation. Considering the human dependence on natural resources in the semiarid region, hunters should be included in wildlife management debates to mitigate the threat to game species while allowing sustainable hunting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiana Lima Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - María Fernanda De la Fuente
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, 58019-753, Brazil.
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3
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Schüttler E, Jiménez JE. Are Tourists Facilitators of the Movement of Free-Ranging Dogs? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243564. [PMID: 36552483 PMCID: PMC9774271 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are the most abundant carnivores on earth and, as such, negatively impact wildlife. Free-ranging dogs roam in many protected areas, which in turn are often tourist destinations. Whether tourists influence their roaming is largely unexplored but highly relevant to wildlife conservation. To address this question, we obtained (i) 81 completed questionnaires from tourists on their experience with free-ranging dogs in the remote Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve, Chile, and (ii) photographs of three camera-traps placed next to trekking trails (n = 87 trap days). A third of the participants were followed by dogs for up to four days, and 39% saw free-ranging dogs on their hikes, but neither feeding dogs nor fear of them had any influence on whether tourists were followed by dogs. Camera-traps yielded 53 independent dog sequences, recorded 32 individuals plus 14 unidentified dogs, of which only one was leashed, with a frequency of one dog every 28th person. In 17% of 53 sequences, dogs were photographed together with hikers carrying large backpacks for several-day trips. We conclude that tourists are facilitators for the movement of dogs and highlight the importance of the engagement of the tourism sector in wildlife conservation in and close to protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Schüttler
- Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Universidad de Magallanes, Teniente Muñoz 166, Puerto Williams 6350000, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), O’Higgins 310, Puerto Williams 6350000, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Jaime E. Jiménez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute (AERI), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Nayelli Rangel Aguilar B, Ribeiro MV, Oliveira Arantes M, Alvarez MRV, Miranda MR, Schiavetti A. Nest density and Nest Predation of sea turtle (Testudines, Chelonidae) by canids in Southern Bahia, Brazil. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2022.2133591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Nayelli Rangel Aguilar
- Laboratório de Etnoconservação e Áreas Protegidas, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Maurivan V. Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Etnoconservação e Áreas Protegidas, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Martín R. V. Alvarez
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Manuela R. Miranda
- Laboratório de Etnoconservação e Áreas Protegidas, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Schiavetti
- Laboratório de Etnoconservação e Áreas Protegidas, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
- Centro Para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
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Chaves ÓM, Júnior JCS, Buss G, Hirano ZMB, Jardim MMA, Amaral ELS, Godoy JC, Peruchi AR, Michel T, Bicca-Marques JC. Wildlife is imperiled in peri-urban landscapes: threats to arboreal mammals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:152883. [PMID: 35038525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization and deforestation impose severe challenges to wildlife, particularly for forest-living vertebrates. Understanding how the peri-urban matrix impacts their survival is critical for designing strategies to promote their conservation. We investigated the threats faced by brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in peri-urban regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) states, southern Brazil, by compiling negative interaction events (hereafter NIE) reported over more than two decades. We assessed the major NIEs, their distribution among age-sex classes, and the predictors of NIE-related mortality. After 20+ years of monitoring, we compiled 540 NIEs (RS = 248 and SC = 292). Electrocution by power lines was the most frequent cause of death or injury (37%), followed by dog attack (34%), vehicle collision (17%), and human mistreatment (12%). The occurrence of lethal injuries ranged from 5% to 69% depending on the type of NIE and on which state it occurred in. The overall post-NIE mortality was 56%. Adults of both sexes were the most affected individuals in both study regions. The minimal adequate GLM model explained 83% of the variation in NIE-related mortality. State, NIE type, and age-sex class were the main predictors of mortality. Overall, mortality was lower in SC and higher among adult females than in the other classes. We found that the survival of brown howler monkeys in the forest-urban interface is constrained by both the urban infrastructure and the growing interactions with humans and domestic and stray dogs (Canis familiaris). We propose the placement of aerial bridges, road signs and speed bumps in areas of frequent animal crossing, the sterilization of stray dogs, and the sensitization of local inhabitants on the importance of respecting and protecting wildlife to reduce their NIEs with humans and domestic animals in the forest-urban interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ó M Chaves
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 2060 San José, Costa Rica; Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - J C Souza Júnior
- Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial, Indaial, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau-FURB, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - G Buss
- Centro de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros (CPB), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), João Pessoa, Brazil; Programa Macacos Urbanos (PMU), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Z M B Hirano
- Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial, Indaial, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau-FURB, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - M M A Jardim
- Programa Macacos Urbanos (PMU), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Museu de Ciências Naturais, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura (MCN/SEMA-RS), Brazil
| | - E L S Amaral
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J C Godoy
- Programa Macacos Urbanos (PMU), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - A R Peruchi
- Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau-FURB, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - T Michel
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura (MCN/SEMA-RS), Brazil
| | - J C Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Fox-Rosales LA, de Oliveira TG. Habitat use patterns and conservation of small carnivores in a human-dominated landscape of the semiarid Caatinga in Brazil. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Greig K, Rawlence NJ. The Contribution of Kurī (Polynesian Dog) to the Ecological Impacts of the Human Settlement of Aotearoa New Zealand. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.757988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pre-human Aotearoa New Zealand fauna was dominated by avian and reptilian species. Prior to first human settlement by East Polynesian colonists, the top predators were two giant raptorial birds. Aside from humans themselves, colonisation also resulted in the simultaneous introduction of two novel mammalian predators into this naive ecosystem, the kiore (Pacific rat) and kurī (Polynesian dog). While the ecological impacts of kiore are relatively well understood, those of kurī are difficult to assess, and as such kurī have frequently been disregarded as having any meaningful impact on New Zealand’s biodiversity. Here we use the archaeological and palaeoecological record to reassess the potential impacts of kurī on this ecosystem. We argue that far from being confined to villages, kurī could have had a significant widespread but relatively localised impact on New Zealand’s avian, reptilian and marine mammal (seals and sea lions) fauna as a novel predator of medium-sized species. In this way, kurī potentially amplified the already significant impacts of Polynesian colonists and their descendants on New Zealand’s ecosystem, prior to European arrival. As such, kurī should be included in models of human impact in addition to over-hunting, environmental modification and predation by kiore.
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Bianchi R, Jenkins JMA, Lesmeister DB, Gouvea JA, Cesário CS, Fornitano L, de Oliveira MY, de Morais KDR, Ribeiro RLA, Gompper ME. Tayra (
Eira barbara
) landscape use as a function of cover types, forest protection, and the presence of puma and free‐ranging dogs. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bianchi
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp Jaboticabal SP Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp São José do Rio Preto SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Jéssica Abonízio Gouvea
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp Jaboticabal SP Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp São José do Rio Preto SP Brazil
| | - Clarice Silva Cesário
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp Jaboticabal SP Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp São José do Rio Preto SP Brazil
| | - Larissa Fornitano
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp Jaboticabal SP Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp São José do Rio Preto SP Brazil
| | - Mateus Yan de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Kimberly Danielle Rodrigues de Morais
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Renan Lieto Alves Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista‐Unesp Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Matthew E. Gompper
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
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9
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Duarte Silveira RA, Marques da Rosa HH, Pereira AA, Passamani M, Zenni RD. Natural factors but not anthropogenic factors affect native and non–native mammal distribution in a Brazilian National Park. ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2021.44.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protected areas, designed for biodiversity conservation, are currently affected by invasive species as most of them have documented biological invasions. This study aimed to test whether non–native mammal species richness influences the local distribution of native mammals and how distance from human settlement, elevation and vegetation characteristics influence native and non–native mammal richness in a national park in Brazil.We recorded 20 mammal species in the park, 17 native species and three non–native species. Native mammal richness was higher at intermediate elevations and in forests with lower tree densities and tree basal area. Non–native mammal richness was greater at higher elevations and in forests with low tree densities. Non–native mammals did not influence native mammal presence. In conclusion, the distribution of both native and non–native mammal species was affected by elevation and vegetation but not by distance from human settlements or non–native mammal presence.
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Abstract
Many large predators are also facultative scavengers that may compete with and depredate other species at carcasses. Yet, the ecological impacts of facultative scavenging by large predators, or their "scavenging effects," still receive relatively little attention in comparison to their predation effects. To address this knowledge gap, we comprehensively examine the roles played by, and impacts of, facultative scavengers, with a focus on large canids: the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), dhole (Cuon alpinus), dingo (Canis dingo), Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), gray wolf (Canis lupus), maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), and red wolf (Canis rufus). Specifically, after defining facultative scavenging as use or usurpation of a carcass that a consumer has not killed, we (1) provide a conceptual overview of the community interactions around carcasses that can be initiated by facultative scavengers, (2) review the extent of scavenging by and the evidence for scavenging effects of large canids, (3) discuss external factors that may diminish or enhance the effects of large canids as scavengers, and (4) identify aspects of this phenomenon that require additional research attention as a guide for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Wirsing
- School of Environment and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas M Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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11
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Versiani NF, Bailey LL, Pasqualotto N, Rodrigues TF, Paolino RM, Alberici V, Chiarello AG. Protected areas and unpaved roads mediate habitat use of the giant anteater in anthropogenic landscapes. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The drastic reduction of the Brazilian Cerrado has transformed this savanna hotspot into vast swaths of commodity-based agriculture fields, mainly soybean, sugarcane, and beef-production pasturelands. The resulting habitat loss and fragmentation are the principal factors underlying population decline of native species inhabiting the Cerrado, particularly those with a high demand for space, low population density, and specialized diet, such as the endangered giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Although the species has been studied in protected areas, we know much less about its ability to endure in disturbed landscapes. Here, we analyzed camera-trapping data to estimate a proxy of habitat use (ψ^; occupancy) and detection probabilities of the giant anteater, identifying environmental covariates influencing these parameters in landscapes with intensive agriculture and commercial forestry. We found this species using about half of the study area (model average ψ^ = 0.51, CI = 0.40–0.62), with two predictors strongly influencing habitat use: protected areas and unpaved roads. In turn, detection probability correlates positively with area of open Cerrado and negatively with area of settlements. The species is more likely to use unpaved roads inside protected areas (ψ^ = 0.90, CI = 0.47–0.75), compared to off road sites in the surrounding areas (ψ^ = 0.19, CI = 0.10–0.34). Our findings indicate that giant anteaters are dependent on nature reserves and native vegetation areas existing on private properties, whose protection is regulated by the Brazilian Native Vegetation Protection Law. Given the relative paucity of state-owned protected areas in the Brazilian Cerrado, increasing the adherence of rural owners to this law is, therefore, key for the conservation of the giant anteater. The intense use of unpaved roads might reflect travelling and/or foraging optimization, a behavioral response that, nevertheless, may compound this species’ susceptibility to suffer mortality from roadkill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia F Versiani
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Larissa L Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife & Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Nielson Pasqualotto
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
- Programa Interunidades de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thiago F Rodrigues
- Programa Interunidades de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Roberta M Paolino
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
- Programa Interunidades de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Alberici
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
- Programa Interunidades de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Adriano G Chiarello
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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12
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The relationship between landscape features and domestic species on the occupancy of native mammals in urban forests. Urban Ecosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-021-01100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLandscape features such as roads, hiking trails, and forest edge are prevalent features of urban forests. These features can negatively influence biodiversity through fragmentation and facilitate the penetration of invasive species, particularly predators such as domestic dogs and cats. This study examined how these landscape features affect the distribution of native and domestic mammals and how domestic species affect the occupancy and activity patterns of native mammals. To this end, we conducted camera trap surveys in forested urban and suburban parks in Indiana and Kentucky, USA, to record the presence of native species (deer, raccoons, coyote, and opossums) and non-native predators (domesticated cats and dogs) in relation to distance to nearest roads, hiking trails, and forest edge. We found negative correlations between proximity to roads, hiking trails, and forest edge and the occupancy of the native species with this effect extending up to 300 m. We also found evidence that the presence of dog and cat was negatively correlated with the occupancy for all native species. We recommend park management consider the impact of roads, hiking trails, and forest edge when designing parks and the enforcement of dog leash regulations for the conservation of large mammals in urban parks.
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13
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Villafañe-Trujillo ÁJ, Kolowski JM, Cove MV, Medici EP, Harmsen BJ, Foster RJ, Hidalgo-Mihart MG, Espinosa S, Ríos-Alvear G, Reyes-Puig C, Reyes-Puig JP, da Silva XM, Paviolo A, Cruz P, López-González CA. Activity patterns of tayra ( Eira barbara) across their distribution. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Species’ activity patterns are driven by the need to meet basic requirements of food, social interactions, movement, and rest, but often are influenced by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. We used camera-trap data to describe and compare the activity patterns of the relatively poorly studied tayra (Eira barbara) across 10 populations distributed from the south of Mexico to the north of Argentina, and attempted to identify biotic or abiotic factors that may be associated with variation in level of diurnality. In a subset of sites we also aimed to document potential seasonal variation in activity. We used a kernel density estimator based on the time of independent photographic events to calculate the proportion of diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal activity of each population. Tayras were mostly active during diurnal periods (79.31%, 759 records), with a lower proportion of crepuscular activity (18.07%, 173 records) yet we documented some variation in patterns across the 10 study areas (activity overlap coefficient varied from Δ 4 = 0.64 to Δ 1 = 0.95). In northern localities, activity peaked twice during the day (bimodal) with most activity ocurring in the morning, whereas closer to the geographical equator, activity was constant (unimodal) throughout the day, peaking at midday: activity either was unimodal or bimodal in southern localities. Despite investigating multiple potential abiotic and biotic predictors, only latitude was associated with variation in the proportion of diurnal activity by tayras across its range, with increased diurnal activity closer to the equator. Seasonal comparisons in activity showed a tendency to reduce diurnality in dry versus rainy seasons, but the pattern was not consistently significant. This is the most comprehensive description of tayra activity patterns to date, and lends novel insight into the potential flexibility of the species to adapt to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro José Villafañe-Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De la Ciencias S/N, Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Santiago de Querétaro, C.P. 76230 Querétaro, México
| | - Joseph M Kolowski
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Michael V Cove
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Emilia Patricia Medici
- Coordinator, Lowland Tapir Conservation Initiative (LTCI) - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Bart J Harmsen
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Belize, Belmopan, Belize
- Belize Jaguar Program, Panthera, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebbeca J Foster
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Belize, Belmopan, Belize
- Belize Jaguar Program, Panthera, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mircea G Hidalgo-Mihart
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km 0.5 Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas, C.P. 86039 Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Santiago Espinosa
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Chapultepec Nº 1570, C.P. 78295 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre Noº 1076, Quito 170525, Ecuador
| | - Gorky Ríos-Alvear
- Departamento de Ambiente, Fundación Oscar Efrén Reyes, calle 12 de Noviembre N° 270 y calle Luis A. Martínez, Baños, Ecuador
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Biología, Laboratorio de Zoología, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Av. Universitaria, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Reyes-Puig
- Departamento de Ambiente, Fundación Oscar Efrén Reyes, calle 12 de Noviembre N° 270 y calle Luis A. Martínez, Baños, Ecuador
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Zoología Terrestre, Instituto BIOSFERA, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Pablo Reyes-Puig
- Fundación Ecominga-Red de Protección de Bosques Amenazados, calle 12 de Noviembre 270 y calle Luis A. Martínez, Baños, Ecuador
| | - Xavier Marina da Silva
- Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, BR-469, Km 22.5, CEP 85851-970, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Agustín Paviolo
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Misiones Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) Bertoni 85, CP (N3370AIA), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Paula Cruz
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Misiones Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) Bertoni 85, CP (N3370AIA), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto López-González
- Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De la Ciencias S/N, Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Santiago de Querétaro, C.P. 76230 Querétaro, México
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Monteiro-Alves PS, Ferreguetti AC, Allemand MM, Pereira-Ribeiro J, Kajin M, Rocha CFD, Bergallo HG. Domestic dogs and water-availability effects on non-volant mammals in a protected area, south-eastern Brazil. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr20075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ContextUrbanisation and human population growth can generate conflicts, threatening biodiversity. Resource availability and vegetation complexity owing to human influence may increase the potential that a habitat would lose its species. Conservation biology aims to understand how to soften human influence and maintain viable insitu populations.
AimsWe evaluated the non-volant mammal’s richness and abundance in an Atlantic Forest protected area. Specifically, we tested (1) the effect of distance from water resource and vegetation (canopy and understorey cover) on richness and abundance and (2) the effects of anthropogenic pressure such as domestic dog abundance, distances from human settlements, and from the road on the community of non-volant mammals.
MethodsWe collected the data from January through December of 2017 in 20 sampling sites by using live traps (for small mammals), active search, sand plots and camera traps.
Key resultsWe recorded 22 species of non-volant mammals, among them four endemic, two endangered and two invasive exotic species. The main covariates that affected the structure and composition of the non-volant mammal’s assemblage was the domestic dog abundance, which repels most of the species into the forest and water resources, which attract the species to forest edges.
ConclusionsOur results indicated that the negative impact of domestic dog presence in the non-volant mammal’s community is so evident that it could generate changes in the composition, richness, and local distribution of the species.
ImplicationsWe suggest that management action in this protected area must initiate a control of domestic dogs to minimise their impact.
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15
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Guedes JJM, Assis CL, Feio RN, Quintela FM. The impacts of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on wildlife in two Brazilian hotspots and implications for conservation. ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2020. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2021.44.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exotic species are major threats to biodiversity worldwide. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are among the most common invasive predators in the world, interacting with wildlife in many ways. We present ecological data based on camera traps and occasional observations of free–roaming domestic dogs from localities within the Brazilian Atlantic forest and Cerrado hotspots. Canis familiaris was the second most abundant mammal species, and the most abundant carnivore. Dogs chased, killed, and/or competed with at least 26 native species. They consumed none of the killed animals, which together with the predominant records of solitary individuals acting during the daytime indicates they are mainly free–roaming dogs relying on humans for food and shelter. The high numbers of dogs and the wide range of prey suggest wildlife could be greatly impacted by domestic dogs, especially in areas that are highly threatened by anthropogenic activities, such as biodiversity hotspots. We highlight possible measures (such as the eradication or removal of dogs from natural areas) that could help to reduce the environmental damage caused by domestic dogs in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. L. Assis
- Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - R. N. Feio
- Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
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Contardo J, Grimm-Seyfarth A, Cattan PE, Schüttler E. Environmental factors regulate occupancy of free-ranging dogs on a sub-Antarctic island, Chile. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Lira LA, Aguiar LMS, Silveira M, Frizzas MR. Vertebrate scavengers alter the chronology of carcass decay. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A. Lira
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade de Brasília; Campus Darcy Ribeiro Brasília Brazil
- Curso de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Católica de Brasília; Brasília Brazil
| | - Ludmilla M. S. Aguiar
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade de Brasília; Campus Darcy Ribeiro Brasília Brazil
| | - Maurício Silveira
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade de Brasília; Campus Darcy Ribeiro Brasília Brazil
| | - Marina R. Frizzas
- Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade de Brasília; Campus Darcy Ribeiro Brasília Brazil
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Callan R, Owens JR, Bi W, Kilham B, Yan X, Qi D, Hou R, Spotila JR, Zhang Z. Free-roaming dogs limit habitat use of giant pandas in nature reserves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10247. [PMID: 32581315 PMCID: PMC7314740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) were historically hunted using dogs and are currently threatened by free-roaming dogs and their associated diseases. To better understand the spatial magnitude of this threat, we used a GIS approach to investigate edge effects of dogs on giant panda habitat. We first examined two nature reserves with contrasting free-roaming dog populations: Liziping, with many dogs (~0.44/km2), and Daxiangling, with few dogs (~0.14/km2). Spatial analysis indicated that giant pandas at Liziping (but not Daxiangling) showed a shift in habitat use away from populated areas consistent with a risk response to the foray distance of free-roaming dogs (10.9 km path-distance). Most giant panda locations (86%) from the 2014 census in Liziping were clustered around remote “dog-free zones.” Expanding this analysis across the entire giant panda range revealed that 40% of panda habitat is within the foray distance of dogs. Our assessment will inform dog control programs including monitoring, education, veterinary care, and other measures. We recommend that reserves designated for the release of translocated pandas receive priority consideration for dog control efforts. Only by understanding and managing complex interactions between humans, domestic animals, and wild animals can we sustain natural systems in a world increasingly dominated by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramana Callan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, P.R. China
| | - Jacob R Owens
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, P.R. China
| | - Wenlei Bi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, P.R. China.,Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Xia Yan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, P.R. China
| | - Dunwu Qi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, P.R. China.
| | - James R Spotila
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, P.R. China.,Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhihe Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, P.R. China
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Horn PE, Pereira MJR, Trigo TC, Eizirik E, Tirelli FP. Margay (Leopardus wiedii) in the southernmost Atlantic Forest: Density and activity patterns under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232013. [PMID: 32374736 PMCID: PMC7202647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The margay (Leopardus wiedii) is a small Neotropical arboreal wild cat. This species is thought to be forest-dependent, although few studies so far have directly evaluated the relationships between spatiotemporal aspects of its ecology and landscape characteristics. The aim of this study was to estimate margay population density and activity patterns in six areas with different habitat types and levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the southernmost Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Our working hypothesis was that density and activity patterns differed between areas in response to differences in forest cover and anthropogenic disturbance. Margay records were obtained using camera trapping, during spring and summer from 2017 to 2019. In all areas, the sampling scheme consisted of 20 un-baited stations, set 1km apart, each containing two paired cameras. We assessed the potential effects of environmental variables, including anthropogenic factors, on margay density, rate of detection and space use by comparing nine spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models. Activity patterns of the margay, its potential prey, and competitors were described and compared using the date and time of the records. We obtained 66 records of margay. Two of the six sampled areas were excluded from subsequent analyses due to the small number of records. The density estimated by the top-ranked model varied from 9.6±6.4 individuals/100km2 in the area with the highest human disturbance to 37.4±15.1 individuals/100km2 in a less disturbed area. Margay densities responded positively to vegetation cover, supporting the hypothesis of forest dependence by the species. Both the margay and their potential prey (small rodents and marsupials) were found to be mostly nocturnal. Margay activity also overlapped with that of the ocelot, Leopardus pardalis, and with mammals associated with human presence (wild boar, cattle, domestic dogs and cats). This is the first multi-area study on patterns of density and activity of the margay in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We concluded that the margay is mostly nocturnal, and while its densities are positively influenced by forest cover and negatively influenced by human disturbance, the activity pattern of the species does not seem to change across landscapes with distinct levels of human modification. Margay populations seem to be able to persist under moderate levels of habitat modification, highlighting the importance of preserving even small native forest remnants in the highly fragmented Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula E. Horn
- Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria J. R. Pereira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tatiane C. Trigo
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Setor de Mastozoologia, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Eizirik
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávia P. Tirelli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dog activity in protected areas: behavioral effects on mesocarnivores and the impacts of a top predator. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Davison CW, Chapman PM, Wearn OR, Bernard H, Ewers RM. Shifts in the demographics and behavior of bearded pigs (
Sus barbatus
) across a land‐use gradient. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W. Davison
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Berkshire UK
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | | | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
| | - Robert M. Ewers
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Berkshire UK
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Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. The triad "dogs, conservation and zoonotic diseases" - An old and still neglected problem in Brazil. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2019; 17:157-161. [PMID: 32572390 PMCID: PMC7148981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of domestic/free-ranging dogs in Brazilian protected areas and native vegetation fragments is an important problem, mainly because these animals pose a threat to wild species that live in such areas. In addition, dogs constantly circulate between wildlife environments and urban regions, acting as "bridges" in spillover events. Dogs are traditionally recognized as vectors of zoonoses, which are correct, but their roles as facilitating agents for the "jump" of pathogens from wild animals to humans (and vice versa) are sparsely debated. In this context, this work briefly describes the different roles of dogs in the dynamics and ecology of infectious diseases, using the Brazilian scenario as a study model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Rodríguez León DS, López Arévalo HF. Variación de la abundancia relativa de perros en un gradiente de presencia humana en dos reservas privadas (Tabio, Cundinamarca). ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v24n2.70608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Los perros son una problemática importante para la conservación en las diferentes áreas protegidas al poder actuar como competidores, predadores y/o trasmisores de enfermedades a la fauna silvestre. Las reservas privadas por su reducido tamaño y por estar comúnmente rodeadas de zonas rurales desde las cuales pueden entrar los perros son particularmente vulnerables a esta amenaza, lo cual causa un problema para el manejo de estas áreas de conservación. En este estudio se analiza la variación de la abundancia al interior del área conjunta de dos zonas de conservación privadas contiguas, en el municipio de Tabio-Cundinamarca. Se utilizaron los siguientes métodos para la toma de datos: 1) fototrampeo 2) recorridos por la red de caminos de ambas zonas de conservación para la búsqueda activa de rastros o perros individuales, y 3) encuestas a los dueños de perros de la zona rural circundante al área de conservación.Se encontró que la abundancia relativa de los perros en las reservas varió a lo largo de un gradiente de presencia humana y no estuvo relacionada con el tipo de cobertura vegetal. La mayor abundancia de perros estuvo entre >100 a 200 m al interior de las reservas medidos desde el límite de las mismas. Se demostró que los perros que ingresan a las reservas provienen de los hogares rurales localizados en la zona circundante a las reservas.
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Carvalho WD, Rosalino LM, Godoy MSM, Giorgete MF, Adania CH, Esbérard CEL. Temporal activity of rural free-ranging dogs: implications for the predator and prey species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.45.30645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Domestic or free-ranging dogs (Canislupusfamiliaris) can have deleterious effects on wildlife, acting as predators or competitors to native species. These impacts can be highly important in fragmented pristine habitats or well-preserved areas located in human dominated landscapes and where biodiversity values are usually high, such as those in southeastern Brazil. Here we explored the level of overlap or mismatch in the distributions of activity patterns of rural free-ranging dogs and potential wild prey (Didelphisaurita, Cuniculuspaca; Sylvilagusbrasiliensis) and a wild predator (Leoparduspardalis) in areas of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. We further explored the possible influence of the wild predator on the dog presence pattern detected in the territory analyzed. Our camera-trap data (714 camera-trap days) showed that while rural free-ranging dogs display a cathemeral activity pattern, with activity peaks at dusk and dawn, ocelot and prey species are mainly nocturnal. Moreover, we found no evidence of an effect of ocelot presence, the distance to human houses and the presence of native forests on site occupancy by dogs. The ocelot activity patterns in this study were similar to those already reported in previous studies. On the other hand, previous studies have indicated that that free-ranging dogs are often reported to be more diurnal, and it seems that the rural free-ranging dogs in our study area may have adjusted their behaviour to be more active at dawn and dusk periods. This might be to both maintain some overlap with potential prey, e.g. Sylvilagusbrasiliensis, and also to avoid ocelots by being less active in periods when this predator is more active (which also coincides with peaks in activity for potential prey species). We hypothesize that the presence of ocelots might be influencing the temporal niche dimension of rural free-ranging dogs. As a sustainable management strategy, we propose conserving territories to promote the presence of medium to large predators in natural areas, in order to control free-ranging dogs and protect their vertebrate prey species.
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Ingram DJ, Willcox D, Challender DW. Evaluation of the application of methods used to detect and monitor selected mammalian taxa to pangolin monitoring. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Murphy A, Kelly MJ, Karpanty SM, Andrianjakarivelo V, Farris ZJ. Using camera traps to investigate spatial co‐occurrence between exotic predators and native prey species: a case study from northeastern Madagascar. J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Murphy
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - M. J. Kelly
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - S. M. Karpanty
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | | | - Z. J. Farris
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Appalachian State University Boone NC USA
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Silva KVKDA, Kenup CF, Kreischer C, Fernandez FA, Pires AS. Who let the dogs out? Occurrence, population size and daily activity of domestic dogs in an urban Atlantic Forest reserve. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Dechner A, Flesher KM, Lindell C, Vega de Oliveira T, Maurer BA. Determining carnivore habitat use in a rubber/forest landscape in Brazil using multispecies occupancy models. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195311. [PMID: 29659594 PMCID: PMC5901926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that influence the presence and distribution of carnivores in human-dominated agricultural landscapes is one of the main challenges for biodiversity conservation, especially in landscapes where setting aside large protected areas is not feasible. Habitat use models of carnivore communities in rubber plantations are lacking despite the critical roles carnivores play in structuring ecosystems and the increasing expansion of rubber plantations. We investigated the habitat use of a mammalian carnivore community within a 4,200-ha rubber plantation/forest landscape in Bahia, Brazil. We placed two different brands of camera traps in a 90-site grid. We used a multispecies occupancy model to determine the probabilities of habitat use by each species and the effect of different brands of camera traps on their detection probabilities. Species showed significant differences in habitat use with domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) having higher probabilities of using rubber groves and coatis (Nasua nasua) having a higher probability of using forest. The moderate level of captures and low detection probabilities (≤ 0.1) of tayras (Eira barbara) and wildcats (Leopardus spp.) precluded a precise estimation of habitat use probabilities using the multispecies occupancy model. The different brands of camera traps had a significant effect on the detection probability of all species. Given that the carnivore community has persisted in this 70-year-old landscape, the results show the potential of rubber/forest landscapes to provide for the long-term conservation of carnivore communities in the Atlantic forest, especially in mosaics with 30–40% forest cover and guard patrolling systems. The results also provide insights for mitigating the impact of rubber production on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dechner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin M. Flesher
- Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Reserva Ecológica Michelin, Igrapiúna, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Catherine Lindell
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Téo Vega de Oliveira
- Divisão de Mamíferos do Museu de Zoologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Brian A. Maurer
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Statistical Training and Consulting, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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Quintero V. JC, Paternina T. LE, Uribe Y. A, Muskus C, Hidalgo. M, Gil. J, Cienfuegos G. AV, Osorio Q. L, Rojas A. C. Eco-epidemiological analysis of rickettsial seropositivity in rural areas of Colombia: A multilevel approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005892. [PMID: 28922404 PMCID: PMC5619838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickettsiosis is a re-emergent infectious disease without epidemiological surveillance in Colombia. This disease is generally undiagnosed and several deadly outbreaks have been reported in the country in the last decade. The aim of this study is to analyze the eco-epidemiological aspects of rickettsial seropositivity in rural areas of Colombia where outbreaks of the disease were previously reported. A cross-sectional study, which included 597 people living in 246 households from nine hamlets in two municipalities of Colombia, was conducted from November 2015 to January 2016. The survey was conducted to collect sociodemographic and household characteristics (exposure) data. Blood samples were collected to determine the rickettsial seropositivity in humans, horses and dogs (IFA, cut-off = 1/128). In addition, infections by rickettsiae were detected in ticks from humans and animals by real-time PCR targeting gltA and ompA genes. Data was analyzed by weighted multilevel clog-log regression model using three levels (person, household and hamlets) and rickettsial seropositivity in humans was the main outcome. Overall prevalence of rickettsial seropositivity in humans was 25.62% (95%CI 22.11–29.12). Age in years (PR = 1.01 95%CI 1.01–1.02) and male sex (PR = 1.65 95%CI 1.43–1.90) were risk markers for rickettsial seropositivity. Working outdoors (PR = 1.20 95%CI 1.02–1.41), deforestation and forest fragmentation for agriculture use (PR = 1.75 95%CI 1.51–2.02), opossum in peridomiciliary area (PR = 1.56 95%CI 1.37–1.79) and a high proportion of seropositive domestic animals in the home (PR20-40% vs <20% = 2.28 95%CI 1.59–3.23 and PR>40% vs <20% = 3.14 95%CI 2.43–4.04) were associated with rickettsial seropositivity in humans. This study showed the presence of Rickettsia antibodies in human populations and domestic animals. In addition, different species of rickettsiae were detected in ticks collected from humans and animals. Our results highlighted the role of domestic animals as sentinels of rickettsial infection to identify areas at risk of transmission, and the importance of preventive measures aimed at curtailing deforestation and the fragmentation of forests as a way of reducing the risk of transmission of emergent and re-emergent pathogens. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is one of the main diseases transmitted by tick bites in Colombia. Studies examining rickettsial seropositivity in humans, potential vectors and amplifying hosts in regions where previous outbreaks occurred are necessary to highlight this disease in the differential diagnosis of febrile syndromes and to implement epidemiological surveillance programs. This study reveals several factors associated with rickettsial seropositivity, including working outdoors, practices related to deforestation and forest fragmentation, and the potential contact between humans and wild animals, such as opossums, that could be involved in the transmission cycle. In addition, it reveals the importance of domestic animals as sentinels of infection as well as the tick species acting as potential vectors of rickettsiae in human and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Quintero V.
- Grupo de Ciencias Veterinarias - Centauro, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Alexander Uribe Y.
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales -PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Muskus
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales -PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marylin Hidalgo.
- Grupo de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Juliana Gil.
- Grupo de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Astrid V. Cienfuegos G.
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lisardo Osorio Q.
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Ambiente, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Rojas A.
- Grupo de Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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L. Massara R, Paschoal AMDO, L. Bailey L, F. Doherty P, Hirsch A, G. Chiarello A. Factors influencing ocelot occupancy in Brazilian Atlantic Forest reserves. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L. Massara
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação; Departamento de Biologia Geral; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Avenida Antonio Carlos, no.6627 Belo Horizonte MG 31270-901 Brazil
- Instituto SerraDiCal de Pesquisa e Conservação; Rua José Hemetério de Andrade, no.570 Belo Horizonte MG 30493-180 Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Oliveira Paschoal
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação; Departamento de Biologia Geral; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Avenida Antonio Carlos, no.6627 Belo Horizonte MG 31270-901 Brazil
- Instituto SerraDiCal de Pesquisa e Conservação; Rua José Hemetério de Andrade, no.570 Belo Horizonte MG 30493-180 Brazil
| | - Larissa L. Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523-1474 USA
| | - Paul F. Doherty
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523-1474 USA
| | - André Hirsch
- Programa Institucional de Bioengenharia; Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei; Rodovia MG 424 - km 47 Sete Lagoas MG 35701-970 Brazil
| | - Adriano G. Chiarello
- Departamento de Biologia; Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Avenida Bandeirantes, no. 3900 Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-901 Brazil
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Scinachi CA, Takeda GA, Mucci LF, Pinter A. Association of the occurrence of Brazilian spotted fever and Atlantic rain forest fragmentation in the São Paulo metropolitan region, Brazil. Acta Trop 2017; 166:225-233. [PMID: 27880877 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii. In the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR) it is transmitted by Amblyomma aureolatum ticks. In this region, annual lethality of the disease can reach 80% and spatial occurrence depends on environmental factors and more particularly on the presence and interaction of domestic and wild carnivores as well as the presence and characteristics of the remnant Atlantic Rain Forest patches. This study analyzed the association between forest fragmentation and its influence on the risk of occurrence of the disease in the human population. Domestic dogs tested for R. rickettsii antibodies in nine different areas under the influence of different patterns of Rain Forest fragmented landscapes and human occupancy. Landscape metrics were obtained by analyzing satellite images and high-resolution orthophotos. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine among the different landscape variables the one that could best explain the data variance, and the results were tested against canine seroprevalence in order to address disease occurrence risk levels. From 270 canine samples, the seroprevalence ranged from 0 to 37%. PCA showed an inverse correlation between functionally connected large forest patches and the canine seroprevalence for R. rickettsii (p=0.030; Spearman's R=-0.683), while there was a positive correlation between forest border effect and canine seroprevalence (p=0.037; Spearman's R=- 0.909). The further attributed disease occurrence risk level supported the real spatial prevalence of the disease reported for the last eight years (p=0.023; Spearman's R=0.63). The results suggest an important relation of deforestation and fragmentation with the occurrence of BSF in the SPMR.
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Yoak AJ, Reece JF, Gehrt SD, Hamilton IM. Optimizing free-roaming dog control programs using agent-based models. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Curi NHA, Paschoal AMO, Massara RL, Santos HA, Guimarães MP, Passamani M, Chiarello AG. Risk factors for gastrointestinal parasite infections of dogs living around protected areas of the Atlantic Forest: implications for human and wildlife health. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 77:388-395. [PMID: 27533731 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.19515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of domestic dogs, their role as zoonotic reservoirs and the large number of studies concerning parasites in urban dogs, rural areas in Brazil, especially those at the wildlife-domestic animal-human interface, have received little attention from scientists and public health managers. This paper reports a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of rural dogs living in farms around Atlantic Forest fragments. Through standard parasitological methods (flotation and sedimentation), 13 parasite taxa (11 helminths and two protozoans) were found in feces samples from dogs. The most prevalent were the nematode Ancylostoma (47%) followed by Toxocara (18%) and Trichuris (8%). Other less prevalent (<2%) parasites found were Capillaria, Ascaridia, Spirocerca, Taeniidae, Acantocephala, Ascaris, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris, and the protozoans Cystoisospora and Eimeria. Mixed infections were found in 36% of samples, mostly by Ancylostoma and Toxocara. Previous deworming had no association with infections, meaning that this preventive measure is being incorrectly performed by owners. Regarding risk factors, dogs younger than one year were more likely to be infected with Toxocara, and purebred dogs with Trichuris. The number of cats in the households was positively associated with Trichuris infection, while male dogs and low body scores were associated with mixed infections. The lack of associations with dog free-ranging behavior and access to forest or villages indicates that infections are mostly acquired around the households. The results highlight the risk of zoonotic and wildlife parasite infections from dogs and the need for monitoring and controlling parasites of domestic animals in human-wildlife interface areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H A Curi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Avenida Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Kennedy, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - A M O Paschoal
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Selvagem, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - R L Massara
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Selvagem, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - H A Santos
- Laboratório de Helmintologia, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M P Guimarães
- Laboratório de Helmintologia, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M Passamani
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Avenida Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001, Kennedy, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - A G Chiarello
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Avenida Luigi Rosiello, s/n, Subsetor Oeste 11, CEP 14051-090, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Lessa I, Corrêa Seabra Guimarães T, de Godoy Bergallo H, Cunha A, M. Vieira E. Domestic dogs in protected areas: a threat to Brazilian mammals? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ncon.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Local and continental determinants of giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) abundance: Biome, human and jaguar roles in population regulation. Mamm Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Farris ZJ, Kelly MJ, Karpanty S, Ratelolahy F. Patterns of spatial co-occurrence among native and exotic carnivores in north-eastern Madagascar. Anim Conserv 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. J. Farris
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA USA
| | - M. J. Kelly
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA USA
| | - S. Karpanty
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA USA
| | - F. Ratelolahy
- Wildlife Conservation Society Madagascar Program; Antananarivo Madagascar
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Sepúlveda M, Pelican K, Cross P, Eguren A, Singer R. Fine-scale movements of rural free-ranging dogs in conservation areas in the temperate rainforest of the coastal range of southern Chile. Mamm Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brodie JF, Giordano AJ, Ambu L. Differential responses of large mammals to logging and edge effects. Mamm Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractThe presence of domestic species such as dogs Canis familiaris in protected areas can cause problems for native species as a result of competition, predation and disease transmission. To improve our ability to design effective control policies we investigated the factors affecting detection of dog tracks in a Mediterranean national park.We investigated the presence of dogs across 69 2 × 2 km grid squares in Doñana National Park in south-west Spain and used logistic regression models to analyse the associated environmental and human constraints. We did not detect dogs in areas away from the edges of the national park close to human settlements (track census effort > 470 km) and the detection of dog tracks was correlated with human presence. We conclude that domestic dogs occasionally enter the Park from the surrounding area and are a direct threat to wildlife at the edges of the Park. Management actions to reduce the effects of domestic dogs in protected areas where feral dog populations are not established should focus on the spatial extent of local settlements, regulation and awareness-raising to encourage responsible dog-ownership, and control measures such as removing un-owned dogs from boundaries and areas close to human dwellings, and forbidding unleashed dogs in public facilities.
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Curi NHDA, Paschoal AMDO, Massara RL, Marcelino AP, Ribeiro AA, Passamani M, Demétrio GR, Chiarello AG. Factors associated with the seroprevalence of leishmaniasis in dogs living around Atlantic Forest fragments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104003. [PMID: 25089629 PMCID: PMC4121198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis is an important zoonosis in Brazil. However, infection patterns are unknown in some scenarios such as rural settlements around Atlantic Forest fragments. Additionally, controversy remains over risk factors, and most identified patterns of infection in dogs have been found in urban areas. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological survey to assess the prevalence of leishmaniasis in dogs through three different serological tests, and interviews with owners to assess features of dogs and households around five Atlantic Forest remnants in southeastern Brazil. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models and Chi-square tests to detect associations between prevalence and variables that might influence Leishmania infection, and a nearest neighbor dispersion analysis to assess clustering in the spatial distribution of seropositive dogs. Our findings showed an average prevalence of 20% (ranging from 10 to 32%) in dogs. Nearly 40% (ranging from 22 to 55%) of households had at least one seropositive dog. Some individual traits of dogs (height, sterilization, long fur, age class) were found to positively influence the prevalence, while some had negative influence (weight, body score, presence of ectoparasites). Environmental and management features (number of cats in the households, dogs with free-ranging behavior) also entered models as negative associations with seropositivity. Strong and consistent negative (protective) influences of the presence of chickens and pigs in dog seropositivity were detected. Spatial clustering of cases was detected in only one of the five study sites. The results showed that different risk factors than those found in urban areas may drive the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in farm/forest interfaces, and that humans and wildlife risk infection in these areas. Domestic dog population limitation by gonadectomy, legal restriction of dog numbers per household and owner education are of the greatest importance for the control of visceral leishmaniasis in rural zones near forest fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria de Oliveira Paschoal
- Postgraduate program in Ecology, Conservation and Management of Wildlife, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lima Massara
- Postgraduate program in Ecology, Conservation and Management of Wildlife, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Passamani
- Postgraduate program in Applied Ecology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ramos Demétrio
- Postgraduate program in Applied Ecology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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Krauze-Gryz D, Gryz J. Free-Ranging Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris) in Central Poland: Density, Penetration Range and Diet Composition. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.3161/104.062.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Garde E, Pérez G, Acosta-Jamett G, Bronsvoort BM. Characteristics of a Canine Distemper Virus Outbreak in Dichato, Chile Following the February 2010 Earthquake. Animals (Basel) 2013; 3:843-54. [PMID: 26479537 PMCID: PMC4494441 DOI: 10.3390/ani3030843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the earthquake and tsunami disaster in Chile in February 2010, residents of Dichato reported high morbidity and mortality in dogs, descriptions of which resembled canine distemper virus (CDV). To assess the situation, free vaccine clinics were offered in April and May. Owner information, dog history and signalment were gathered; dogs received physical examinations and vaccines protecting against CDV, and other common canine pathogens. Blood was collected to screen for IgM antibodies to CDV. In total, 208 dogs received physical exams and vaccines were given to 177. IgM antibody titres to CDV were obtained for 104 dogs. Fifty-four dogs (51.9%) tested positive for CDV at the cut off titre of >1:50, but a total of 91.4% of dogs had a detectable titre >1:10. Most of the positive test results were in dogs less than 2 years of age; 33.5% had been previously vaccinated against CDV, and owners of 84 dogs (42.2%) reported clinical signs characteristic of CDV in their dogs following the disaster. The presence of endemic diseases in dog populations together with poor pre-disaster free-roaming dog management results in a potential for widespread negative effects following disasters. Creation of preparedness plans that include animal welfare, disease prevention and mitigation should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garde
- Division of Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
- Latin America Branch, Veterinarians Without Borders (Veterinarios Sin Fronteras) Canada, Pasaje Los Arrayanes 333, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Guillermo Pérez
- Latin America Branch, Veterinarians Without Borders (Veterinarios Sin Fronteras) Canada, Pasaje Los Arrayanes 333, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Gerardo Acosta-Jamett
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Barend Mark Bronsvoort
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Bernardo PVDS, Melo FRD. Assemblage of medium and large size mammals in an urban Semideciduous Seasonal Forest fragment in Cerrado biome. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032013000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the processes of deforestation and loss of habitats represent a major threat to many species of mammals. These processes cause changes in natural landscapes by decreasing area, connectivity, and fragment size, and increasing edge effects and number of fragments. Understanding which and how many species persist in disturbed fragments may indicate the species' minimum requirements and might contribute to their conservation. Here we show how the mammalian fauna of medium and large size (higher than 1 kg) are structured in a semideciduous seasonal forest fragment of 36.5 ha in the urban area of Jataí, Goiás. We performed the sampling with 30 sand track plots (1 x 1 m). We analyzed the relative record frequency and built a collector's curve to demonstrate the sampling effort. With a total effort of 600 track plots × days, we recorded twelve species of mammals with our tracks sampling method, from which only the wild mammals were included in the analyzes (11 species). The estimated species richness reached 13 species (SD (Standard Deviation) = ±1, CI (Confidence Interval) = ±2 (11 – 15 species). The species with the highest relative record frequency was Didelphis albiventris and the species with the lowest was Tamandua tetradactyla. The fragment size must be a limiting factor to the richness and to the occurrence of species, as it may not be sufficient to allow the persistence of a population or an individual. Disturbances that originated from houses, like domestic animals and movement of people, also contributed to the removal and extinction of species. To conserve the species in the fragment, we suggest the prevention of entrance of people and of domestic animals. We also recommend increased connectivity of the fragment with the landscape external to the urban area in order to allow the movement of the currently present species.
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Carvalho WD, Adania CH, Esbérard CEL. Comparison of two mammalian surveys made with camera traps in southeastern Brazil, focusing the abundance of wild mammals and domestic dogs. BRAZ J BIOL 2013; 73:29-36. [PMID: 23644786 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842013000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sampling allows assessing the impact of human activities on mammal communities. It is also possible to assess the accuracy of different sampling methods, especially when the sampling effort is similar. The present study aimed at comparing two mammalian surveys carried out over a three-year interval, in terms of sampling effort, capture success, abundance of domestic dogs, impact of human activities, and relative biomass using camera traps, in the Serra do Japi Biological Reserve and surroundings, located in Jundiaí, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The total richness recorded was 13 species, one domestic and 12 wild mammals. Sampling effort in both surveys was similar, but capture success and number of captures differed. The abundance of wild mammals and dogs did also differ between surveys. There was a highly significant correlation between abundance of wild mammals and capture effort for the survey performed in 2006/2007, but not for the survey performed in 2009/2010. The difference between samples may be related to human disturbance, since the number of domestic mammals photographed was higher in the second survey, three years after the first survey. Despite being a reserve, the area is still under pressure from urbanization, biological invasion, environmental degradation, and hunting, which may reduce the abundance of wild mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Krauze-Gryz D, Gryz J, Goszczyński J, Chylarecki P, ̇Zmihorski M. The good, the bad, and the ugly: space use and intraguild interactions among three opportunistic predators—cat (Felis catus), dog (Canis lupus familiaris), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes)—under human pressure. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2012-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Examples of interspecific interactions have been described for mammalian predators, but less is known regarding disturbances of native predator guilds by domestic predators. We investigated intraguild interactions among three opportunistic predators (dog ( Canis lupus familiaris L., 1758), cat ( Felis catus L., 1758), and red fox ( Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)) co-occurring in the extensive farmlands of central Poland. Their space use was monitored using tracking stations distributed in field and forest plots along a distance gradient from buildings and analyzed using the occupancy-modeling framework. For all three species occupancy decreased with increased distance from buildings, although for the fox the pattern was relatively weak. The occurrence of cats at the stations was higher in the forest than in the field; for fox and dog, there was a strong variation between study plots. For all three predators, the probability of detection was higher during the night than during the day and varied between the seasons; however, the exact patterns were species-specific. The presence of one predator was also linked to the presence of the other two species—generally, a given species was detected more frequently in the absence of the other two species. We recorded spatiotemporal niche segregation among the three species. We conclude that interspecific antagonistic interactions and differences in foraging ecology are the main drivers shaping co-occurrence of the three species in the agriculture landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Krauze-Gryz
- Department of Forest Zoology and Game Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J.B. Gryz
- Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Ecology, Sękocin Stary, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - J. Goszczyński
- Department of Forest Zoology and Game Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P. Chylarecki
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. ̇Zmihorski
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
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Rustam, Yasuda M, Tsuyuki S. Comparison of Mammalian Communities in a Human-Disturbed Tropical Landscape in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. MAMMAL STUDY 2012. [DOI: 10.3106/041.037.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Smith P. Assessing the Assessment, the Relevance of the 2006 Paraguayan Mammal Red List to the Reality of Xenarthra Conservation in 2012. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5537/020.013.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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