1
|
Singh NK, Kumar P, Jagadish N, Mendhakar A, Mahajan Y. Utility of Inter-Frequency Amplitude Ratio of Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Identifying Meniere's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ear Hear 2023; 44:940-948. [PMID: 36859775 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A recently devised parameter of vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) based on the principles of frequency tuning is the inter-frequency amplitude ratio (IFAR). It refers to the ratio of the amplitude of 1000 Hz tone burst evoked VEMP to 500 Hz evoked tone burst. A pathology like Meniere's disease changes the frequency response and alters the frequency tuning of the otolith organs. Because IFAR is based on the principle of frequency tuning of VEMP, it is likely to help identify Meniere's disease. Few studies in the last decade have investigated the utility of IFAR in identifying Meniere's disease. However, a systematic review and a meta-analysis on IFAR in Meniere's disease are lacking. The present study investigates whether the IFAR of VEMP helps identify Meniere's disease and differentiates it from healthy ears and other vestibular pathologies. DESIGN The present study is a systematic review and a meta-analysis. The studies investigating the IFAR of cervical and ocular VEMPs in Meniere's disease, healthy controls, and other vestibular pathologies were searched across research databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. The search strategy was developed using the PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes) format, and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and Boolean operators were employed. The systematic review was performed using the Rayyan software, whereas the Review Manager software was used to carry out the meta-analysis. A total of 16,605 articles were retrieved from the databases. After the duplicate removal, 2472 articles remained. These were eliminated using title screening, abstract screening, and full-length inspections. A total of nine articles were found eligible for quality assessment and meta-analysis, and the New Castle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. After the data extraction, 24 six articles were found to have the desired data format for the meta-analysis. RESULTS The results showed significantly higher IFAR in the affected ears of individuals in the Meniere's disease group than in the control group's unaffected ears. There was no significant difference between the unaffected ears of individuals in the Meniere's disease group and the ears of the control group. The only study on Meniere's disease and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo found significantly larger ocular VEMP IFAR in ears with Meniere's disease than in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis found IFAR efficient in differentiating Meniere's disease from healthy controls. We also found an enhanced IFAR as a potential marker for Meniere's disease. However, more investigations are needed to confirm the utility of an enhanced IFAR value in the exclusive identification of Meniere's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Singh
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing (AIISH), University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Prawin Kumar
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing (AIISH), University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Nirmala Jagadish
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing (AIISH), University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Akshay Mendhakar
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing (AIISH), University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Yatin Mahajan
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour, and Development, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Germann M, Baker SN. Testing a Novel Wearable Device for Motor Recovery of the Elbow Extensor Triceps Brachii in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0077-23.2023. [PMID: 37460228 PMCID: PMC10399611 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0077-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After corticospinal tract damage, reticulospinal connections to motoneurons strengthen preferentially to flexor muscles. This could contribute to the disproportionately poor recovery of extensors often seen after spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. In this study, we paired electrical stimulation over the triceps muscle with auditory clicks, using a wearable device to deliver stimuli over a prolonged period of time. Healthy human volunteers wore the stimulation device for ∼6 h and a variety of electrophysiological assessments were used to measure changes in triceps motor output. In contrast to previous results in the biceps muscle, paired stimulation: (1) did not increase the StartReact effect; (2) did not decrease the suppression of responses to transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) following a loud sound; (3) did not enhance muscle responses elicited by a TMS coil oriented to induce anterior-posterior current. In a second study, chronic cervical SCI survivors wore the stimulation device for ∼4 h every day for four weeks; this was compared with a four-week period without wearing the device. Functional and electrophysiological assessments were repeated at week 0, week 4, and week 8. No significant changes were observed in electrophysiological assessments after paired stimulation. Functional measurements such as maximal force and variability and speed of trajectories made during a planar reaching task also remained unchanged. Our results suggest that the triceps muscle shows less potential for plasticity than biceps; pairing clicks with muscle stimulation does not seem beneficial in enhancing triceps recovery after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Germann
- Institute of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart N Baker
- Institute of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grasso C, Barresi M, Tramonti Fantozzi MP, Lazzerini F, Bruschini L, Berrettini S, Andre P, Dolciotti C, De Cicco V, De Cicco D, d'Ascanio P, Orsini P, Montanari F, Faraguna U, Manzoni D. Effects of a short period of postural training on postural stability and vestibulospinal reflexes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287123. [PMID: 37307276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of postural training on postural stability and vestibulospinal reflexes (VSRs) were investigated in normal subjects. A period (23 minutes) of repeated episodes (n = 10, 50 seconds) of unipedal stance elicited a progressive reduction of the area covered by centre of pressure (CoP) displacement, of average CoP displacement along the X and Y axes and of CoP velocity observed in this challenging postural task. All these changes were correlated to each other with the only exception of those in X and Y CoP displacement. Moreover, they were larger in the subjects showing higher initial instability in unipedal stance, suggesting that they were triggered by the modulation of sensory afferents signalling body sway. No changes in bipedal stance occurred soon and 1 hour after this period of postural training, while a reduction of CoP displacement was apparent after 24 hours, possibly due to a beneficial effect of overnight sleep on postural learning. The same period of postural training also reduced the CoP displacement elicited by electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) along the X axis up to 24 hours following the training end. No significant changes in postural parameters of bipedal stance and VSRs could be observed in control experiments where subjects were tested at identical time points without performing the postural training. Therefore, postural training led to a stricter control of CoP displacement, possibly acting through the cerebellum by enhancing feedforward mechanisms of postural stability and by depressing the VSR, the most important reflex mechanism involved in balance maintenance under challenging conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grasso
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Barresi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Lazzerini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Cares, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Cares, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Cares, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Andre
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Dolciotti
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Cicco
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide De Cicco
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paola d'Ascanio
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Orsini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Montanari
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Manzoni
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kjærsgaard J. Commentary to "Bone conducted vibration is an effective stimulus for otolith testing in cochlear implant patients". J Vestib Res 2023; 33:431-432. [PMID: 36641703 DOI: 10.3233/ves-210160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
5
|
Zhang F, Shen J, Zhu Q, Wang L, Ma X, He B, Yang Y, Wang W, Chen X, Zhang Q, Jin Y, Duan M, Chen J, Yang J. Evaluating children with vestibular migraine through vestibular test battery: A cross-sectional investigation. Front Neurol 2022; 13:997217. [PMID: 36388219 PMCID: PMC9659754 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.997217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to investigate the status of vestibular function in children with vestibular migraine of childhood (VMC) reflected by vestibular function test battery and explore the pathophysiological implication of these instrument-based findings. Methods The clinical data of 22 children (mean age 10.7 ± 2.9 years) with VMC who met the diagnostic criteria of the Barany Society were collected from September 2021 to March 2022. A vestibular function test battery on these children included a caloric test, video head impulse test (vHIT), cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP); these parameters were triggered by air-conducted sound (ACS) and galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS). The subjects were further divided into two groups: <3 months and >3 months according to the disease duration from symptom onset. The functional abnormalities and their characteristics reflected by the vestibular test battery, as well as the outcomes in children with or without aura, were analyzed. Results (1) The abnormal rate of the caloric test was 15.8% and that of vHIT was 0%. The response rates of ACS-cVEMP and ACS-oVEMP were 100% and 90.5%, respectively. The response rates of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP were 100% and 88.9%, respectively. (2) No statistical difference was observed in the abnormal rate of the caloric test (P = 0.55) and the response rate of ACS-oVEMP (P = 0.21) between the two groups, irrespective of the course duration. (3) No statistical difference was detected in the abnormal rate of the caloric test (P = 0.53) and the response rate of ACS-oVEMP (P = 1.00) in children with or without aura. Conclusion Vestibular function status comprehensively reported by the vestibular test battery did not show an aggravation with the disease duration in children with VMC. Also, it was not affected by the existence of aura in children with VMC. The high abnormal rates of the caloric test and oVEMPs (ACS-oVEMP and GVS-oVEMP) suggested that the lateral semicircular canal (low-frequency function component), the utricle, and the superior vestibular conduction pathway might be involved in VMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobao Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baihui He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangping Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulian Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoli Duan
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Maoli Duan
| | - Jianyong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Jianyong Chen
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Jun Yang
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Q, Zhang Q, Xiao Q, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Liu S, Wang X, Xu Y, Xu XD, Lv J, Jin Y, Yang J, Zhang Q. Vestibular dysfunction in pediatric patients with cochlear implantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:996580. [PMID: 36324374 PMCID: PMC9618669 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.996580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Vestibular dysfunction may delay the achievement of balance and perception milestones in pediatric patients after cochlear implantation (CIM). Methods A strategic literature search was done following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to July 2022. Studies were included on the otoliths, semicircular canals, and balance function changes in children after CIM. Two reviewers independently assessed the level of evidence, methodological limitations, risk of bias, and characteristics of the cases. Matched pre- and postoperative vestibular functional test data, including ocular and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP and cVEMP), caloric test, video head impulse test (vHIT), and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test 2 (BOT-2), were used to calculate the relative risk of vestibular disorders. Subgroup analyses were performed according to surgical approach, CIM device status, and etiology. Results Twenty studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for the meta-analysis. We observed significant vestibular dysfunction in pediatric patients with CIM. The results showed a statistically significant increase in abnormal cVEMP response (RR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.87, 2.58, P < 0.0001), abnormal oVEMP response (RR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.50, 2.94, P < 0.0001), and abnormal caloric test results (RR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.20, 2.19, P = 0.0018) after implantation. Statistically significant differences were not found in the vHIT test results of all three semicircular canals before and after the operation (P > 0.05). Regarding static and dynamic balance, we found significantly poorer BOT-2 scores in children with CIM than in the normal group (mean difference = −7.26, 95% CI = −10.82, −3.70, P < 0.0001). Conclusion The results showed that vestibular dysfunction might occur after CIM in pediatric patients. Some children experience difficulties with postural control and balance. Our results suggest that a comprehensive evaluation of vestibular function should be performed before and after CIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianwen Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Zichen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin-Da Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingrong Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulian Jin
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hearing Impairment and Vertigo, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yulian Jin
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Jun Yang
| | - Qing Zhang
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Hearing Impairment and Vertigo, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bouisset N, Villard S, Legros A. Vestibular Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic and Electric Stimulation Effects on Human Subjective Visual Vertical Perception. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:355-367. [PMID: 35801487 PMCID: PMC9541167 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electric fields from both extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MF) and alternating current (AC) stimulations impact human neurophysiology. As the retinal photoreceptors, vestibular hair cells are graded potential cells and are sensitive to electric fields. Electrophosphene and magnetophosphene literature suggests different impacts of AC and ELF‐MF on the vestibular hair cells. Furthermore, while AC modulates the vestibular system more globally, lateral ELF‐MF stimulations could be more utricular specific. Therefore, to further address the impact of ELF‐MF‐induced electric fields on the human vestibular system and the potential differences with AC stimulations, we investigated the effects of both stimulation modalities on the perception of verticality using a subjective visual vertical (SVV) paradigm. For similar levels of SVV precision, the ELF‐MF condition required more time to adjust SVV, and SVV variability was higher with ELF‐MF than with AC vestibular‐specific stimulations. Yet, the differences between AC and ELF‐MF stimulations were small. Overall, this study highlights small differences between AC and ELF‐MF vestibular stimulations, underlines a potential utricular contribution, and has implications for international exposure guidelines and standards. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bouisset
- Human Threshold Research and Bioelectromagnetics Group, Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Sébastien Villard
- Human Threshold Research and Bioelectromagnetics Group, Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Alexandre Legros
- Human Threshold Research and Bioelectromagnetics Group, Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada.,Euromov Digital Heath in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France.,EuroStim, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakul E, Bartolomei F, Lopez C. Vestibular-Evoked Cerebral Potentials. Front Neurol 2021; 12:674100. [PMID: 34621231 PMCID: PMC8490637 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.674100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human vestibular cortex has mostly been approached using functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography combined with artificial stimulation of the vestibular receptors or nerve. Few studies have used electroencephalography and benefited from its high temporal resolution to describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of vestibular information processing from the first milliseconds following vestibular stimulation. Evoked potentials (EPs) are largely used to describe neural processing of other sensory signals, but they remain poorly developed and standardized in vestibular neuroscience and neuro-otology. Yet, vestibular EPs of brainstem, cerebellar, and cortical origin have been reported as early as the 1960s. This review article summarizes and compares results from studies that have used a large range of vestibular stimulation, including natural vestibular stimulation on rotating chairs and motion platforms, as well as artificial vestibular stimulation (e.g., sounds, impulsive acceleration stimulation, galvanic stimulation). These studies identified vestibular EPs with short latency (<20 ms), middle latency (from 20 to 50 ms), and late latency (>50 ms). Analysis of the generators (source analysis) of these responses offers new insights into the neuroimaging of the vestibular system. Generators were consistently found in the parieto-insular and temporo-parietal junction-the core of the vestibular cortex-as well as in the prefrontal and frontal areas, superior parietal, and temporal areas. We discuss the relevance of vestibular EPs for basic research and clinical neuroscience and highlight their limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Nakul
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), FR3C, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Inserm, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Lopez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), FR3C, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen ZC, Zhang YZ, Zhao HD, Wei X, Murofushi T, Hu J, Cheng Y, Chen FY, Xu XD, Xu M, Zhang Q. Retro-labyrinthine Lesion Site Detected by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Elicited Vestibular-evoked Myogenic Potentials in Patients with Auditory Neuropathy. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:695-704. [PMID: 34403094 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auditory neuropathy (AN) is a unique pattern of hearing loss with preservation of hair cell function. The condition is characterized by the presence of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) or cochlear microphonic (CM) responses with severe abnormalities of the auditory brainstem response (ABR). The vestibular branches of the VIII cranial nerve and the structures innervated by it can also be affected. However, the precise lesion sites in the vestibular system are not well characterized in patients with AN. METHODS The air-conducted sound (ACS) vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and galvanic vestibular stimuli (GVS)-VEMPs were examined in 14 patients with AN. RESULTS On examination of VEMPs (n=14, 28 ears), the absent rates of ACS-cervical VEMP (cVEMP), ACS-ocular VEMP (oVEMP), GVS-cVEMP, GVS-oVEMP and caloric test were 92.9% (26/28), 85.7% (24/28), 67.9% (19/28), 53.6% (15/28), and 61.5% (8/13), respectively. Impaired functions of the saccule, inferior vestibular nerve, utricle, superior vestibular nerve, and horizontal semicircular canal were found in 25.0% (7/28), 67.9% (19/28), 32.1% (9/28), 53.6% (15/28) and 61.5% (8/13) patients, respectively. On comparing the elicited VEMPs parameters of AN patients with those of normal controls, both ACS-VEMPs and GVS-VEMPs showed abnormal results in AN patients (such as, lower presence rates, elevated thresholds, prolonged latencies, and decreased amplitudes). CONCLUSION The study suggested that patients with AN often have concomitant vestibular disorders. Retro-labyrinthine lesions were more frequently observed in this study. GVS-VEMPs combined with ACS-VEMPs may help identify the lesion sites and facilitate detection of areas of vestibular dysfunction in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chen Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China.,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Ear Institute, Shanghai, 200082, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China.,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Ear Institute, Shanghai, 200082, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Huan-di Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Toshihisa Murofushi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Teikyo University School of Medicine Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, 213-0001, Japan
| | - Juan Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Fei-Yun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Xin-da Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China. .,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Ear Institute, Shanghai, 200082, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200082, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Desgagnés A, Desmons M, Cyr JP, Simoneau M, Massé-Alarie H. Motor Responses of Lumbar Erector Spinae Induced by Electrical Vestibular Stimulation in Seated Participants. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:690433. [PMID: 34366814 PMCID: PMC8339290 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.690433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The study of motor responses induced by electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) may help clarify the role of the vestibular system in postural control. Although back muscles have an important role in postural control, their EVS-induced motor responses were rarely studied. Moreover, the effects of EVS parameters, head position, and vision on EVS-induced back muscles responses remain little explored. Objectives: To explore the effects of EVS parameters, head position, and vision on lumbar erector spinae muscles EVS-induced responses. Design: Exploratory, cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy participants were recruited. Three head positions (right, left and no head rotation), 4 intensities (2, 3, 4, 5 mA), and 4 EVS durations (5, 20, 100, 200 ms) were tested in sitting position with eyes open or closed. EVS usually induced a body sway toward the anode (placed on the right mastoid). EMG activity of the right lumbar erector spinae was recorded. Variables of interest were amplitude, occurrence, and latency of the EVS-induced modulation of the EMG activity. Results: The short-latency response was inhibitory and the medium-latency response was excitatory. Increased EVS current intensity augmented the occurrence and the amplitude of the short- and medium-latency responses (more inhibition and more excitation, respectively). EVS duration influenced the medium-latency response differently depending on the position of the head. Right head rotation produced larger responses amplitude and occurrence than left head rotation. Opposite head rotation (left vs. right) did not induce a reversal of the short- and medium-latency responses (i.e., the inhibition did not become an excitation), as typically reported in lower legs muscles. The eyes open condition did not modulate muscle responses. Conclusion: Modulation of EVS parameters (current intensity and duration of EVS) affects the amplitude and occurrence of the lumbar erector spinae responses. In contrast, vision did not influence the responses, suggesting its minimal contribution to vestibulomotor control in sitting. The lack of response reversal in sagittal plane may reflect the biomechanical role of lumbar erector spinae to fine-tune the lumbar lordosis during the induced body sway. This hypothesis remains to be further tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Desgagnés
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et en Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mikaël Desmons
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et en Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Cyr
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et en Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et en Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Kinesiology Department, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Massé-Alarie
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et en Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Rehabilitation Department, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodriguez Montesdeoca I, Ramos de Miguel A, González JCF, Barreiro SB, Pérez Fernández N, Vanspauwen R, Ramos-Macias A. Differences in Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Responses by Using Cochlear Implant and Otolith Organ Direct Stimulation. Front Neurol 2021; 12:663803. [PMID: 34113311 PMCID: PMC8185293 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.663803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Several studies have demonstrated the possibility to obtain vestibular potentials elicited with electrical stimulation from cochlear and vestibular implants. The objective of this study is to analyze the vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) obtained from patients implanted with cochlear and vestibulo-cochlear implant. Material and Methods: We compared two groups: in the first group, four cochlear implant (CI) recipients with present acoustic cVEMPs before CI surgery were included. In the second group, three patients with bilaterally absent cVEMPs and bilateral vestibular dysfunction were selected. The latter group received a unilateral cochleo-vestibular implant. We analyze the electrically elicited cVEMPs in all patients after stimulation with cochlear and vestibular electrode array stimulation. Results: We present the results obtained post-operatively in both groups. All patients (100%) with direct electrical vestibular stimulation via the vestibular electrode array had present cVEMPs. The P1 and N1 latencies were 11.33-13.6 ms and 18.3-21 ms, respectively. In CI patients, electrical cVEMPs were present only in one of the four subjects (25%) with cochlear implant ("cross") stimulation, and P1 and N1 latencies were 9.67 and 16.33, respectively. In these patients, the responses present shorter latencies than those observed acoustically. Conclusions: Electrically evoked cVEMPs can be present after cochlear and vestibular stimulation and suggest stimulation of vestibular elements, although clinical effect must be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaura Rodriguez Montesdeoca
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Angel Ramos de Miguel
- Hearing and Balance Laboratory, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University (SIANI), Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Falcon González
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Silvia Borkoski Barreiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | | | - Robby Vanspauwen
- European Institute for Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gasthuiszusters Antwerpen Hospitals Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Angel Ramos-Macias
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Hearing and Balance Laboratory, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University (SIANI), Las Palmas, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mikhail Y, Charron J, Mac-Thiong JM, Barthélemy D. Assessing head acceleration to identify a motor threshold to galvanic vestibular stimulation. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:2191-2205. [PMID: 33881904 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00254.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is used to assess vestibular system function, but vestibulospinal responses can exhibit variability depending on protocols or intensities used. Here, we measured head acceleration in healthy subjects to identify an objective motor threshold on which to base GVS intensity when assessing standing postural responses. Thirteen healthy right-handed subjects stood on a force platform, eyes closed, and head facing forward. An accelerometer was placed on the vertex to detect head acceleration, and electromyography activity of the right soleus was recorded. GVS (200 ms; current steps 0.5, from 1 mA to 4 mA) was applied in a binaural and bipolar configuration. 1) GVS induced a biphasic accelerometer response at a latency of 15 ms. Based on response amplitude, we constructed a recruitment curve for all participants and determined the motor threshold. In parallel, the method of limits was used to devise a more rapid approach to determine motor threshold. 2) We observed significant differences between motor threshold based on a recruitment curve and all perceptual thresholds reported either by the subject (sensation of movement) or a standing experimenter observing the participant (perception of movement). No significant difference was observed between the motor threshold based on the method of limits and perceptual thresholds of movement. 3) Using orthogonal polynomial contrasts, we observed a linear progression between multiples of the objective motor threshold (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5× motor threshold) and the 95% confidence ellipse area, the first peak of center of pressure displacement velocity, and the short and medium latency responses in the soleus. Hence, an objective motor threshold for GVS based on head acceleration was identified in standing participants and a recruitment curve could be constructed for all participants. These novel approaches could enable better understanding of changes in the vestibular system in different conditions or over time.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) has been used to assess the vestibular system, but the significant interindividual variability in the responses makes it difficult to quantitatively compare them between individuals or conditions. Using an accelerometer to quantify head movement induced by GVS, we were able to determine an objective motor threshold and construct a recruitment curve for all participants. These methods could help assess changes in the vestibular system under different conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youstina Mikhail
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centres Intégrés Universitaires de Santé et de Services Sociaux Centre-Sud, Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jonathan Charron
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centres Intégrés Universitaires de Santé et de Services Sociaux Centre-Sud, Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centres Intégrés Universitaires de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dorothy Barthélemy
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centres Intégrés Universitaires de Santé et de Services Sociaux Centre-Sud, Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centres Intégrés Universitaires de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhavana G, Kumar K, E A. Assessment of otolith function using vestibular evoked myogenic potential in women during pregnancy. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 88:584-588. [PMID: 33067134 PMCID: PMC9422406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction More than 50% of pregnant women experience dizziness frequently in the first two gestational trimesters. During pregnancy, the changes in the metabolism of hormones are responsible for the ovarian cycle resulting in either peripheral or central vestibular alterations. The need for the study is to focus on the effect of changes during pregnancy on the vestibular evoked myogenic potential, an electrophysiological measure that investigates functions of the otolith structures. Objectives The aim is to investigate the vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses during the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods A total of 17 pregnant women and 17 non-pregnant women with age matched took part in this study. The cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential were recorded from the ipsilateral sternocleridomastoid muscle and the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential were recorded from contralateral extraocular muscle in both groups. Results Peak to peak amplitude of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential was found to be significantly reduced in the responses obtained from first-trimester pregnant women when compared to that of non-pregnant women. Conclusions Vestibular evoked myogenic potential tests exhibits a clinically significant reduced peak to peak amplitude in the first trimester of pregnancy, which indicates dysfunction in the otolith reflex pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bhavana
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaushlendra Kumar
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Karnataka, India.
| | - Anupriya E
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Journée SL, Journée HL, Berends HI, Reed SM, de Bruijn CM, Delesalle CJG. Comparison of Muscle MEPs From Transcranial Magnetic and Electrical Stimulation and Appearance of Reflexes in Horses. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:570372. [PMID: 33122992 PMCID: PMC7571265 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.570372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial electrical (TES) and magnetic stimulation (TMS) are both used for assessment of the motor function of the spinal cord in horses. Muscular motor evoked potentials (mMEP) were compared intra-individually for both techniques in five healthy horses. mMEPs were measured twice at increasing stimulation intensity steps over the extensor carpi radialis (ECR), tibialis cranialis (TC), and caninus muscles. Significance was set at p < 0.05. To support the hypothesis that both techniques induce extracranially elicited mMEPs, literature was also reviewed. Results Both techniques show the presence of late mMEPs below the transcranial threshold appearing as extracranially elicited startle responses. The occurrence of these late mMEPs is especially important for interpretation of TMS tracings when coil misalignment can have an additional influence. Mean transcranial motor latency times (MLT; synaptic delays included) and conduction velocities (CV) of the ECR and TC were significantly different between both techniques: respectively, 4.2 and 5.5 ms (MLT TMS --MLT TES ), and -7.7 and -9.9 m/s (CV TMS -CV TES ). TMS and TES show intensity-dependent latency decreases of, respectively, -2.6 (ECR) and -2.7 ms (TC)/30% magnetic intensity and -2.6 (ECR) and -3.2 (TC) ms/30V. When compared to TMS, TES shows the lowest coefficients of variation and highest reproducibility and accuracy for MLTs. This is ascribed to the fact that TES activates a lower number of cascaded interneurons, allows for multipulse stimulation, has an absence of coil repositioning errors, and has less sensitivity for varying degrees of background muscle tonus. Real axonal conduction times and conduction velocities are most closely approximated by TES. Conclusion Both intracranial and extracranial mMEPs inevitably carry characteristics of brainstem reflexes. To avoid false interpretations, transcranial mMEPs can be identified by a stepwise latency shortening of 15-20 ms when exceeding the transcranial motor threshold at increasing stimulation intensities. A ring block around the vertex is advised to reduce interference by extracranial mMEPs. mMEPs reflect the functional integrity of the route along the brainstem nuclei, extrapyramidal motor tracts, propriospinal neurons, and motoneurons. The corticospinal tract appears subordinate in horses. TMS and TES are interchangeable for assessing the functional integrity of motor functions of the spinal cord. However, TES reveals significantly shorter MLTs, higher conduction velocities, and better reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Lotte Journée
- Equine Diagnostics, Wyns, Netherlands.,Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Henricus Louis Journée
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Irene Berends
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven Michael Reed
- Rood & Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY, United States.,M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, United States
| | | | - Cathérine John Ghislaine Delesalle
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Avci NB, Polat Z, Ataş A. Galvanic vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: normative data and the effect of age. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 88:556-561. [PMID: 33012701 PMCID: PMC9422467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Galvanic vestibular evoked myogenic potentials evaluate vestibular nerve responses using electric stimulation by records collected from the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A normal vestibular evoked myogenic potential response consists of the first positive, P1, and negative, N1, peaks. The response can be affected by factors such as age and gender and is also consequential in the diagnosis of pathologies. Objectives The present study was performed to obtain normative data on healthy adults, to help in diagnosis by establishing clinical norms as well as to investigate changing test parameters with age in galvanic vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Methods A total of 100 healthy participants were included in the study. Galvanic vestibular evoked myogenic potential (current 3 mA, duration 1 ms) was performed randomly on both ears of each participant. The participants between the ages of 18–65 (mean age 39.7 ± 13.9) were divided into 5 groups according to their ages. Normative data of galvanic vestibular evoked myogenic potentials parameters were calculated in groups and in total, and age-related changes were examined. Results The galvanic vestibular evoked myogenic potential waveform was elicited from all participants (200 ears). The latency of P1 and N1 was 7.82 ± 3.29 ms and 22.06 ± 3.95 ms, respectively. The P1−N1 amplitude value was 66.64 ± 24.5 µV. The percentage of vestibular asymmetry was 16.29 ± 11.99%. The latencies of P1 and N1 and P1−N1 amplitude values demonstrated significant differences among different age groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions The results of this study show that as age increased, latencies were prolonged, and amplitudes gradually decreased. The normative data aids in the diagnosis of retrolabyrinthine lesions and the increase in the clinical use of galvanic vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nizamettin Burak Avci
- Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Faculty of Health Sciences, Audiology Department, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zahra Polat
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Faculty of Hamidiye Health Sciences, Audiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ataş
- İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simultaneous activation of multiple vestibular pathways upon electrical stimulation of semicircular canal afferents. J Neurol 2020; 267:273-284. [PMID: 32778921 PMCID: PMC7718208 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Vestibular implants seem to be a promising treatment for patients suffering from severe bilateral vestibulopathy. To optimize outcomes, we need to investigate how, and to which extent, the different vestibular pathways are activated. Here we characterized the simultaneous responses to electrical stimuli of three different vestibular pathways. Methods Three vestibular implant recipients were included. First, activation thresholds and amplitude growth functions of electrically evoked vestibulo-ocular reflexes (eVOR), cervical myogenic potentials (ecVEMPs) and vestibular percepts (vestibulo-thalamo-cortical, VTC) were recorded upon stimulation with single, biphasic current pulses (200 µs/phase) delivered through five different vestibular electrodes. Latencies of eVOR and ecVEMPs were also characterized. Then we compared the amplitude growth functions of the three pathways using different stimulation profiles (1-pulse, 200 µs/phase; 1-pulse, 50 µs/phase; 4-pulses, 50 µs/phase, 1600 pulses-per-second) in one patient (two electrodes). Results The median latencies of the eVOR and ecVEMPs were 8 ms (8–9 ms) and 10.2 ms (9.6–11.8 ms), respectively. While the amplitude of eVOR and ecVEMP responses increased with increasing stimulation current, the VTC pathway showed a different, step-like behavior. In this study, the 200 µs/phase paradigm appeared to give the best balance to enhance responses at lower stimulation currents. Conclusions This study is a first attempt to evaluate the simultaneous activation of different vestibular pathways. However, this issue deserves further and more detailed investigation to determine the actual possibility of selective stimulation of a given pathway, as well as the functional impact of the contribution of each pathway to the overall rehabilitation process.
Collapse
|
17
|
The vestibulo-masseteric reflex and the acoustic-masseteric reflex: a reliability and responsiveness study in healthy subjects. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1769-1779. [PMID: 32280998 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The vestibulo-masseteric reflex (VMR or p11 wave), the acoustic-masseteric reflex (AMR or p1/n21 wave) and the mixed vestibulo-cochlear p11/n21 potential are responses of masseter muscles to sound that can be employed to evaluate brainstem function. This study was aimed at establishing the test-retest reliability and responsiveness of these reflex parameters according to the type of electrode configuration. Twenty-two healthy volunteers (M:F = 11:11; mean age 25.3 ± 5.2 years) participated in two testing sessions separated by one week. Zygomatic and mandibular montages were compared following unilateral and bilateral stimulations. For reliability purposes, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation of the method error (CVME) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated. The minimal detectable difference (MDD) was also determined as a measure of responsiveness. Both VMR (p11 wave) and AMR could be consistently evoked from test to retest, although the frequency rate was significantly higher (all p values ≤ 0.009) with zygomatic (VMR: 97.7-100%; AMR: 86.9-97.6%) than mandibular montage (VMR: 84.7-89.8%; AMR: 65.0-67.8%), with no significant differences between unilateral and bilateral stimulations. Good-to-excellent reliability and responsiveness (high ICC, low CVME, SEM and MDD scores) were detected for corrected amplitudes and peak latencies for all reflex responses, whereas raw amplitudes were associated to poor reliability. The reliability of the zygomatic montage proved superior to the mandibular montage for all reflex responses. Given their high test-retest consistency and capability to study different features of the reflex arch, both peak latencies and corrected amplitudes should be reported and considered in the interpretation of reflex testing results.
Collapse
|
18
|
Neural Mechanisms Underlying High-Frequency Vestibulocollic Reflexes In Humans And Monkeys. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1874-1887. [PMID: 31959700 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1463-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The vestibulocollic reflex is a compensatory response that stabilizes the head in space. During everyday activities, this stabilizing response is evoked by head movements that typically span frequencies from 0 to 30 Hz. Transient head impacts, however, can elicit head movements with frequency content up to 300-400 Hz, raising the question whether vestibular pathways contribute to head stabilization at such high frequencies. Here, we first established that electrical vestibular stimulation modulates human neck motor unit (MU) activity at sinusoidal frequencies up to 300 Hz, but that sensitivity increases with frequency up to a low-pass cutoff of ∼70-80 Hz. To examine the neural substrates underlying the low-pass dynamics of vestibulocollic reflexes, we then recorded vestibular afferent responses to the same electrical stimuli in monkeys. Vestibular afferents also responded to electrical stimuli up to 300 Hz, but in contrast to MUs their sensitivity increased with frequency up to the afferent resting firing rate (∼100-150 Hz) and at higher frequencies afferents tended to phase-lock to the vestibular stimulus. This latter nonlinearity, however, was not transmitted to neck motoneurons, which instead showed minimal phase-locking that decreased at frequencies >75 Hz. Similar to human data, we validated that monkey muscle activity also exhibited low-pass filtered vestibulocollic reflex dynamics. Together, our results show that neck MUs are activated by high-frequency signals encoded by primary vestibular afferents, but undergo low-pass filtering at intermediate stages in the vestibulocollic reflex. These high-frequency contributions to vestibular-evoked neck muscle responses could stabilize the head during unexpected head transients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Vestibular-evoked neck muscle responses rely on accurate encoding and transmission of head movement information to stabilize the head in space. Unexpected transient events, such as head impacts, are likely to push the limits of these neural pathways since their high-frequency features (0-300 Hz) extend beyond the frequency bandwidth of head movements experienced during everyday activities (0-30 Hz). Here, we demonstrate that vestibular primary afferents encode high-frequency stimuli through frequency-dependent increases in sensitivity and phase-locking. When transmitted to neck motoneurons, these signals undergo low-pass filtering that limits neck motoneuron phase-locking in response to stimuli >75 Hz. This study provides insight into the neural dynamics producing vestibulocollic reflexes, which may respond to high-frequency transient events to stabilize the head.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mapping the vestibular cerebellar evoked potential (VsCEP) following air- and bone-conducted vestibular stimulation. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:601-620. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
20
|
Evidence of a Vestibular Origin for Crossed-Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Responses to Air-Conducted Sound. Ear Hear 2019; 41:896-906. [PMID: 31688318 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small, excitatory surface potentials can sometimes be recorded from the contralateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) following monaural acoustic stimulation. Little is known about the physiological properties of these crossed reflexes. In this study, we sought the properties of crossed SCM responses and through comparison with other cochlear and vestibular myogenic potentials, their likely receptor origin. DESIGN Surface potentials were recorded from the ipsilateral and contralateral SCM and postauricular (PAM) muscles of 11 healthy volunteers, 4 patients with superior canal dehiscence and 1 with profound hearing loss. Air-conducted clicks of 105 dB nHL and tone bursts (250 to 4000 Hz) of 100 dB nHL were presented monaurally through TDH 49 headphones during head elevation. Click-evoked responses were recorded under two conditions of gaze in random order: gaze straight ahead and rotated hard toward the contralateral recording electrodes. Amplitudes (corrected and uncorrected) and latencies for crossed SCM responses were compared with vestibular (ipsilateral SCM) and cochlear (PAM) responses between groups and across the different recording conditions. RESULTS Surface waveforms were biphasic; positive-negative for the ipsilateral SCM, and negative-positive for the contralateral SCM and PAM. There were significant differences in the amplitudes and latencies (p = 0.004) for click responses of healthy controls across recording sites. PAM responses had the largest mean-corrected amplitudes (2.3 ± 2.8) and longest latencies (13.0 ± 1.2 msec), compared with ipsilateral (1.6 ± 0.5; 12.0 ± 0.7 msec) and contralateral (0.8 ± 0.3; 10.4 ± 1.0 msec) SCM responses. Uncorrected amplitudes and muscle activation for PAM increased by 104.4% and 46.8% with lateral gaze respectively, whereas SCM responses were not significantly affected. Click responses of patients with superior canal dehiscence followed a similar latency, amplitude, and gaze modulation trend as controls. SCM responses were preserved in the patient with profound hearing loss, yet all PAM were absent. There were significant differences in the frequency tuning of the three reflexes (p < 0.001). Tuning curves of healthy controls were flat for PAM and down sloping for ipsilateral and contralateral SCM responses. For superior canal dehiscence, they were rising for PAM and slightly down sloping for SCM responses. CONCLUSIONS Properties of crossed SCM responses were similar, though not identical, to those of ipsilateral SCM responses and are likely to be predominantly vestibular in origin. They are unlikely to represent volume conduction from the PAM as they were unaffected by lateral gaze, were shorter in latency, and had different tuning properties. The influence of crossed vestibulo-collic pathways should be considered when interpreting cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials recorded under conditions of binaural stimulation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Colebatch JG, Rosengren SM. Investigating short latency subcortical vestibular projections in humans: what have we learned? J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:2000-2015. [PMID: 31596627 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00157.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are now widely used for the noninvasive assessment of vestibular function and diagnosis in humans. This review focuses on the origin, properties, and mechanisms of cervical VEMPs and ocular VEMPs; how these reflexes relate to reports of vestibular projections to brain stem and cervical targets; and the physiological role of (otolithic) cervical and ocular reflexes. The evidence suggests that both VEMPs are likely to represent the effects of excitation of irregularly firing otolith afferents. While the air-conducted cervical VEMP appears to mainly arise from excitation of saccular receptors, the ocular VEMP evoked by bone-conducted stimulation, including impulsive bone-conducted stimuli, mainly arises from utricular afferents. The surface responses are generated by brief changes in motor unit firing. The effects that have been demonstrated are likely to represent otolith-dependent vestibulocollic and vestibulo-ocular reflexes, both linear and torsional. These observations add to previous reports of short latency otolith projections to the target muscles in the neck (sternocleidomastoid and splenius) and extraocular muscles (the inferior oblique). New insights have been provided by the investigation and application of these techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G Colebatch
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally M Rosengren
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen G, Yu G, Li Y, Zhao X, Dai X, Wang G. Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1043. [PMID: 31632337 PMCID: PMC6779767 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the potential association between the occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and saccular dysfunction using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) testing. Methods: The databases including Pubmed, Embase, and CENTRAL were systemically searched for case-control literatures investigating saccular dysfunction using cVEMP testing in BPPV patients compared with healthy controls. The literatures were published up to 16 April 2019 and were limited to the English language. All statistical processes were carried out using software Review Manager, version 5.3. Subgroup analysis and sensitive analysis were performed simultaneously. Results: Of the 12 case-control studies confirmed for meta-analysis, p13 latency of cVEMP was assessed in 8 studies, n23 latency in 6 studies, amplitude in 5 studies, asymmetry ratio (AR) in 3 studies, proportion of absent response in 9 studies, and abnormal cVEMP in 8 studies. Compared with healthy controls, the p13 mean latency of cVEMP was longer (MD = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.64-1.12, p < 0.00001), the mean amplitude was lower (SMD = -0.60, 95% CI = -0.80 to -0.41, p < 0.00001), and the proportions of absent response (OR = 8.76, 95% CI = 2.28-33.61, p = 0.002), and abnormal cVEMP (OR = 7.47, 95% CI = 4.65-12.01, p < 0.00001) were higher in BPPV patients. But there was no significant difference in the n23 mean latency (MD = 0.37, 95% CI = -0.23-0.98, p = 0.22) and the AR of cVEMP (MD = 3.95, 95% CI = -4.75-12.65, p = 0.37) between BPPV patients and healthy controls. In the sub-group analysis based on age, only the result of the proportion of absent response of cVEMP indicated a significant difference existed (p = 0.002) between the studies with age-matched controls (OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.09-7.10, p = 0.03) and the studies without age-matched controls (OR = 53.85, 95% CI = 10.09-287.13, p < 0.00001). In the sub-group analysis of the proportion of abnormal cVEMP according to the diagnostic criteria of abnormal cVEMP, the result indicated no significant difference existed between the four groups (p = 0.61, I 2 = 0%). In the sensitivity analysis, we obtained the consistent results after removing each study sequentially. Conclusion: The meta-analysis reveals that saccular dysfunction may be associated with BPPV occurrence, and neural degeneration in the saccular macula may be a potential pathogenesis for BPPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xuening Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Guotao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the clinical setting, a variety of inner ear test results are obtained from patients with unilateral Meniere's disease (MD). In this study, the authors use inner ear test results as parameters to illustrate the relationship between inner ear function and vertigo attack frequency. DESIGN We retrospectively enrolled 50 unilateral MD patients. In addition to clinical symptoms, the results of pure-tone audiometry and caloric, acoustic cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), galvanic cVEMP, vibratory ocular VEMP (oVEMP), and galvanic oVEMP tests were collected via chart review. The multiple linear regression method was used to examine which independent variables have a statistically significant influence on vertigo attacks. RESULTS In affected ears, the abnormal rate of the caloric, acoustic cVEMP, galvanic cVEMP, vibratory oVEMP, and galvanic oVEMP tests was 74%, 76%, 48%, 34%, and 30%, respectively. According to the regression model, the abnormal galvanic cVEMP response and abnormal galvanic oVEMP response had significantly negative correlations with the frequency of vertigo attacks after logarithmic transformation. A predictive model for disease attack frequency using significant parameters and their regression coefficients was proposed: (Equation is included in full-text article.) CONCLUSIONS:: Using the proposed model with galvanic VEMP, clinicians could develop better strategies to manage vertigo attacks in patients with MD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Fornos AP, van de Berg R, Armand S, Cavuscens S, Ranieri M, Crétallaz C, Kingma H, Guyot JP, Guinand N. Cervical myogenic potentials and controlled postural responses elicited by a prototype vestibular implant. J Neurol 2019; 266:33-41. [PMID: 31396689 PMCID: PMC6722147 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gaze stabilization and postural control are two key functions of the vestibular system. In consequence, oscillopsia and chronic imbalance are the two main complaints of patients presenting with a severe bilateral vestibular function loss. The vestibular implant is emerging as a promising treatment for this group of patients whose quality of life is significantly impaired. Although the final aim of the vestibular implant should be to restore vestibular function as a whole, until now the research has focused mainly on the restoration of the vestibulo-ocular reflex to improve gaze stabilization. In this study, we aimed to explore whether the vestibulo-collic and vestibulo-spinal pathways could be activated and controlled with the electrical stimuli provided by our vestibular implant prototype. This was first explored and demonstrated with recordings of electrically elicited cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (ecVEMPs). ecVEMPs with characteristics similar to the classical acoustically elicited cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) were successfully evoked in five out of the eight tested patients. Amplitudes of the electrically elicited N–P complex varied, ranging from 44 to 120 µV. Mean latencies of the N and P waves were of 9.71(± 1.17) ms and 17.24 ms (± 1.74), respectively. We also evaluated the possibility of generating controlled postural responses using a stepping test. Here, we showed that controlled and consistent whole-body postural responses can be effectively obtained with rapid changes in the “baseline” (constant rate and amplitude) electrical activity delivered by the vestibular implant in two out of the three tested subjects. Furthermore, obtained amplitude of body rotations was significantly correlated with the intensity of stimulation and direction of body rotations correlated with the side of the delivered stimulus (implanted side). Altogether, these data suggest that the vestibular implant could also be used to improve postural control in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Perez Fornos
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raymond van de Berg
- Division of Balance Disorders, Department of ENT, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Physics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Stéphane Armand
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Cavuscens
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Ranieri
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Crétallaz
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Herman Kingma
- Division of Balance Disorders, Department of ENT, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Physics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Jean-Philippe Guyot
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nils Guinand
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Takahashi K, Tanaka O, Kudo Y, Sugawara E, Johkura K. Effects of stimulus conditions on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in healthy subjects. Acta Otolaryngol 2019; 139:500-504. [PMID: 30957614 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2019.1592224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) depend on stimulus conditions. OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal stimulus conditions for cervical and ocular VEMPs. METHODS Participants were 23 healthy subjects. We compared air-conducted cervical and ocular VEMPs elicited by various tone-burst conditions (frequencies 500-1,000 Hz, rise/fall times 1-2 ms, and plateau times 0-6 ms) with an intensity of 105 dB normal hearing level. Effects of simultaneous contralateral masking noise on VEMPs were also evaluated. RESULTS The largest cervical VEMP amplitudes were elicited by 500-750 Hz and 2-6 ms plateau time-tone-bursts, and the largest ocular VEMP amplitudes by 750 Hz and 2-4 ms plateau time-tone-bursts. Repeatability of the latency was better at 1 ms than at 2 ms rise/fall time in both VEMPs. In both VEMPs, masking noise reduced amplitude, and in ocular VEMP, amplitudes were significantly larger at the left ear stimulation than the right. CONCLUSION Optimal tone-burst stimulation for both VEMPs seemed to be 500-750 Hz frequency and 1/2/1 ms rise/plateau/fall time without contralateral masking noise. Ocular VEMP amplitudes from left ear stimulation were originally larger than those from right ear stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yokohama Brain and Spine Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Osamu Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yokohama Brain and Spine Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kudo
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama Brain and Spine Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eriko Sugawara
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama Brain and Spine Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Johkura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yokohama Brain and Spine Center, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama Brain and Spine Center, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dlugaiczyk J, Gensberger KD, Straka H. Galvanic vestibular stimulation: from basic concepts to clinical applications. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:2237-2255. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00035.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) plays an important role in the quest to understand sensory signal processing in the vestibular system under normal and pathological conditions. It has become a highly relevant tool to probe neuronal computations and to assist in the differentiation and treatment of vestibular syndromes. Following its accidental discovery, GVS became a diagnostic tool that generates eye movements in the absence of head/body motion. With the possibility to record extracellular and intracellular spikes, GVS became an indispensable method to activate or block the discharge in vestibular nerve fibers by cathodal and anodal currents, respectively. Bernie Cohen, in his attempt to decipher vestibular signal processing, has used this method in a number of hallmark studies that have added to our present knowledge, such as the link between selective electrical stimulation of semicircular canal nerves and the generation of directionally corresponding eye movements. His achievements paved the way for other major milestones including the differential recruitment order of vestibular fibers for cathodal and anodal currents, pronounced discharge adaptation of irregularly firing afferents, potential activation of hair cells, and fiber type-specific activation of central circuits. Previous disputes about the structural substrate for GVS are resolved by integrating knowledge of ion channel-related response dynamics of afferents, fiber type-specific innervation patterns, and central convergence and integration of semicircular canal and otolith signals. On the basis of solid knowledge of the methodology, specific waveforms of GVS are currently used in clinical diagnosis and patient treatment, such as vestibular implants and noisy galvanic stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dlugaiczyk
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hans Straka
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Singh NK, Barman A. Inter-frequency amplitude ratio of oVEMP for differentiating Meniere’s disease from BPPV: clinical validation using a double-blind approach. Int J Audiol 2018; 58:21-28. [DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1529440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Singh
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India
| | - Animesh Barman
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Escaloni J, Butts R, Dunning J. The use of dry needling as a diagnostic tool and clinical treatment for cervicogenic dizziness: a narrative review & case series. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 22:947-955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
29
|
El-Badry MM, Gamal R, Fawzy A. Evaluation of saccular and inferior vestibular nerve function in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:2925-2931. [PMID: 30259131 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current work was to evaluate the function of the saccule and inferior vestibular nerve in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) by recording the cervical-evoked myogenic potentials (C-VEMP) on those children and to compare C-VEMP results in ANSD children of pre-lingual onset to those in ANSD children of post-lingual onset. METHODS The study included 38 ANSD children of pre-lingual onset, 16 ANSD children of post-lingual onset, and 20 control children. All participant children were subjected to C-VEMP testing using 500 Hz tone burst stimuli. RESULTS The vast majority of ANSD children of pre-lingual onset (35 out of 38; 92.1%) had bilateral intact C-VEMP response with C-VEMP parameters (amplitude, asymmetric ratio, latency, and inter-aural latency difference) that were not statistically different than those in the control children. Only three children had bilateral absent C-VEMP response. On the other hand, the majority of ANSD children of post-lingual onset (11 out of 16; 68.75%) had bilateral absent C-VEMP response. The remaining five children had bilateral intact C-VEMP response with C-VEMP parameters that were not statistically different than those in the control children. CONCLUSIONS The pathology of ANSD spares the saccule and inferior vestibular nerve in the vast majority of ANSD children of pre-lingual onset, while it involves them in the majority of ANSD of post-lingual onset reflecting different site(s) of lesion between the two ANSD categories. Such results have important clinical implications as regards to the management of ANSD in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reham Gamal
- Audio-Vestibular Unit, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Amira Fawzy
- Audio-Vestibular Unit, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Forbes PA, Fice JB, Siegmund GP, Blouin JS. Electrical Vestibular Stimuli Evoke Robust Muscle Activity in Deep and Superficial Neck Muscles in Humans. Front Neurol 2018; 9:535. [PMID: 30026725 PMCID: PMC6041388 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neck muscle activity evoked by vestibular stimuli is a clinical measure for evaluating the function of the vestibular apparatus. Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) are most commonly measured in the sternocleidomastoid muscle (and more recently the splenius capitis muscle) in response to air-conducted sound, bone-conducted vibration or electrical vestibular stimuli. It is currently unknown, however, whether and how other neck muscles respond to vestibular stimuli. Here we measured activity bilaterally in the sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, sternohyoid, semispinalis capitis, multifidus, rectus capitis posterior, and obliquus capitis inferior using indwelling electrodes in two subjects exposed to binaural bipolar electrical vestibular stimuli. All recorded neck muscles responded to the electrical vestibular stimuli (0–100 Hz) provided they were active. Furthermore, the evoked responses were inverted on either side of the neck, consistent with a coordinated contribution of all left-right muscle pairs acting as antagonists in response to the electrically-evoked vestibular error of head motion. Overall, our results suggest that, as previously observed in cat neck muscles, broad connections exist between the human vestibular system and neck motoneurons and highlight the need for future investigations to establish their neural connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Forbes
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jason B Fice
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gunter P Siegmund
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,MEA Forensic Engineers & Scientists, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Blouin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Demirhan H, Hamit B, Yiğit Ö. Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMPs) Evoked by Air-Conducted Stimuli in Patients with Functional Neck Dissection. J Natl Med Assoc 2018; 110:281-286. [PMID: 29778132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are short-latency vestibulocollic reflexes. The damage on any point of the vestibulocollic reflex pathway could affect the cVEMPs. Whether neck dissection has an effect on the sacculocollic pathway, and consequently on cVEMPs, remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cVEMP findings in patients with functional neck dissection without vestibular symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study design, 20 patients who had undergone unilateral neck dissection with sparing of the accessory nerve, SCM and internal jugular vein, were included. The response rates (%), cVEMPs parameters such as the prestimulus background EMG [Root mean square (RMS)] activity (μV), P13 and N23 peak latencies (ms), interpeak (N23-P13) interval (ms), scale and non-scale interpeak (N23-P13) amplitudes (μV) were compared between the groups. Amplitude asymmetry ratio (AAR) was calculated. RESULTS Twenty patients (14 males and 6 females), age was between 38 and 79 years were included in the study. All of the patients had clear cVEMPs on the NOS, whereas 18/20 (90%) patients had on the NDS. P13 and N23 peak latency of the NDS were found to be significantly longer than the NOS (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in N23-P13 interpeak interval between two sides (P > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between P13 peak latency and post-operative time (P = 0.042; R = ‑0.484). Scale and non-scale N23-P13 interpeak amplitudes of the NDS were found to be significantly lower than the NOS (P = 0.03). Mean AAR was found as 0.28 ± 0.16 (0.08-0.76). Seven patients (35%) had abnormal amplitude asymmetry. RMS values, were statistically and significantly lower in NDS compared to NOS (P = 0.01). However, no correlation was observed between the RMS values and peak latency and peak amplitude values (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS cVEMP testing is an easy-to-apply, non-invasive, painless, and recordable test that can be used for evaluations of SAN and SCM function for patients undergoing neck dissection. After neck dissection, VEMP abnormalities can be detected. However, further studies are needed to indicate whether these abnormalities originate within the vestibular system and are due to pathologies originating from the SANs and SCMs. In addition, preoperative and postoperative studies are needed to better guide the clinical application of cVEMP testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Demirhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bahtiyar Hamit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yiğit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cheng Y, Kimura Y, Kaga K. A study on vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials via galvanic vestibular stimulation in normal people. J Otol 2017; 13:16-19. [PMID: 29937861 PMCID: PMC6002623 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of our study is to examine vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) elicited by the galvanic vestibular stimulation in the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) in healthy subjects for clinical applications of auditory neuropathy or vestibular neuropathy in the future. Methods We enrolled sixteen healthy subjects to record the average responses of SCM to galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) [current 3 mA; duration 1 ms] by electromyography (EMG). SPSS18.0 software was used to analyze the obtained data for mean and standard deviation. Results In all healthy subjects mastoid-forehead galvanic vestibular stimulation produced a positive-negative biphasic EMG responses on SCM ipsilateral to the cathodal electrode. The latency of p13 was 11.7 ± 3.0 ms. The latency of n23 was 17.8 ± 3.4 ms. The amplitude of p13-n23 was 147.0 ± 69.0 μV. The interaural asymmetry ratio (AR) of p13, n23 latency and the amplitude was respectively 0.12 ± 0.09, 0.08 ± 0.08 and 0.16 ± 0.10. Discussions Galvanic vestibular stimulation could elicit biphasic EMG responses from SCM via the vestibular nerve but not from the otolith organs. Galvanic stimulation together with air conducted sound (ACS) or bone conducted vibration (BCV) can elicit VEMPs and may enable the differentiation of retrolabyrinthine lesions from labyrinthine lesions in vestibular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo Medical Center, Japan.,The Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yusuke Kimura
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Kaga
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo Medical Center, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
de Melker Worms JLA, Stins JF, Beek PJ, Loram ID. The effect of fear of falling on vestibular feedback control of balance. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/18/e13391. [PMID: 28963123 PMCID: PMC5617925 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular sensation contributes to cervical‐head stabilization and fall prevention. To what extent fear of falling influences the associated vestibular feedback processes is currently undetermined. We used galanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to induce vestibular reflexes while participants stood at ground level and on a narrow walkway at 3.85 m height to induce fear of falling. Fear was confirmed by questionnaires and elevated skin conductance. Full‐body kinematics was measured to differentiate the whole‐body centre of mass response (CoM) into component parts (cervical, axial trunk, appendicular short latency, and medium latency). We studied the effect of fear of falling on each component to discern their underlying mechanisms. Statistical parametric mapping analysis provided sensitive discrimination of early GVS and height effects. Kinematic analysis revealed responses at 1 mA stimulation previously believed marginal through EMG and force plate analysis. The GVS response comprised a rapid, anode‐directed cervical‐head acceleration, a short‐latency cathode‐directed acceleration (cathodal buckling) of lower extremities and pelvis, an anode‐directed upper thorax acceleration, and subsequently a medium‐latency anode‐directed acceleration of all body parts. At height, head and upper thorax early acceleration were unaltered, however, short‐latency lower extremity acceleration was increased. The effect of height on balance was a decreased duration and increased rate of change in the CoM acceleration pattern. These results demonstrate that fear modifies vestibular control of balance, whereas cervical‐head stabilization is governed by different mechanisms unaffected by fear of falling. The mechanical pattern of cathodal buckling and its modulation by fear of falling both support the hypothesis that short‐latency responses contribute to regulate balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L A de Melker Worms
- Cognitive Motor Function research group School of Healthcare Science Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John F Stins
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Beek
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian D Loram
- Cognitive Motor Function research group School of Healthcare Science Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chang CM, Young YH, Jaw FS, Wang CT, Cheng PW. Degeneration of the vestibular nerve in unilateral Meniere’s disease evaluated by galvanic vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:1617-1624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
Amorim FEAC, Sahdo AM, Giuliano LMP, Pinheiro DS, Braga NIDO, Manzano GM. Effects of the stimulus phase on the air-conducted ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential in healthy subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:262-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
Iwasaki S, Ito K, Takai Y, Morita A, Murofushi T. Chondroid Chordoma at the Jugular Foramen Causing Retrolabyrinthine Lesions in Both the Cochlear and Vestibular Branches of the Eighth Cranial Nerve. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 113:82-6. [PMID: 14763580 DOI: 10.1177/000348940411300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Parkes WJ, Gnanasegaram JJ, Cushing SL, McKnight CL, Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing as an objective measure of vestibular stimulation with cochlear implants. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:E75-E81. [PMID: 27291637 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To determine if vestibular potentials could be elicited with electrical stimulation from cochlear implants. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Vestibular responsiveness to electrical stimulation from cochlear implants was assessed via vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing in 53 pediatric and young adult patients. RESULTS Thirty-one participants (58%) showed at least one vestibular potential in response to acoustic stimulation; 33 (62%) had an electrically evoked vestibular response. A cervical VEMP (cVEMP) was present in 45 of the 96 tested ears (47%) in response to acoustic stimulation, and in 34 ears (35%) with electrical stimulation. An ocular VEMP (oVEMP) was elicited acoustically in 25 ears (26%) and electrically in 34 (35%) ears. In the ears with absent responses to acoustic stimuli, electrically evoked cVEMPs and oVEMPs were present in 14 (27%) and 18 (25%) ears, respectively. Electric VEMPs demonstrated shorter latencies than acoustic VEMPs (P < .01). Whereas an increased prevalence of VEMPs was seen at high stimulation levels (P < .01), there was no difference between prevalence proportions with basal (electrode 3) or apical (electrode 20) stimulation (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS VEMPs can be elicited with electrical stimulation in a proportion of children with cochlear implants, demonstrating current spread from the cochlea to the vestibular system. The presence of electric VEMPs in acoustically nonresponsive ears, along with the shorter latencies of electrically driven VEMPs, suggests that electrical current can bypass the otoliths and directly stimulate vestibular neural elements. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:E75-E81, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Parkes
- Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua J Gnanasegaram
- Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon L Cushing
- Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen L McKnight
- Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blake C Papsin
- Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen A Gordon
- Archie's Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Frequency–Amplitude Ratio of Ocular Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials for Detecting Meniere’s Disease: A Preliminary Investigation. Ear Hear 2016; 37:365-73. [DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
39
|
Colebatch JG, Rosengren SM, Welgampola MS. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 137:133-155. [PMID: 27638068 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63437-5.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is a short-latency potential evoked through activation of vestibular receptors using sound or vibration. It is generated by modulated electromyographic signals either from the sternocleidomastoid muscle for the cervical VEMP (cVEMP) or the inferior oblique muscle for the ocular VEMP (oVEMP). These reflexes appear to originate from the otolith organs and thus complement existing methods of vestibular assessment, which are mainly based upon canal function. This review considers the basis, methodology, and current applications of the cVEMP and oVEMP in the assessment and diagnosis of vestibular disorders, both peripheral and central.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Colebatch
- Neuroscience Research Australia and Department of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - S M Rosengren
- Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M S Welgampola
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gale S, Prsa M, Schurger A, Gay A, Paillard A, Herbelin B, Guyot JP, Lopez C, Blanke O. Oscillatory neural responses evoked by natural vestibular stimuli in humans. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:1228-42. [PMID: 26683063 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00153.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While there have been numerous studies of the vestibular system in mammals, less is known about the brain mechanisms of vestibular processing in humans. In particular, of the studies that have been carried out in humans over the last 30 years, none has investigated how vestibular stimulation (VS) affects cortical oscillations. Here we recorded high-density electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy human subjects and a group of bilateral vestibular loss patients (BVPs) undergoing transient and constant-velocity passive whole body yaw rotations, focusing our analyses on the modulation of cortical oscillations in response to natural VS. The present approach overcame significant technical challenges associated with combining natural VS with human electrophysiology and reveals that both transient and constant-velocity VS are associated with a prominent suppression of alpha power (8-13 Hz). Alpha band suppression was localized over bilateral temporo-parietal scalp regions, and these alpha modulations were significantly smaller in BVPs. We propose that suppression of oscillations in the alpha band over temporo-parietal scalp regions reflects cortical vestibular processing, potentially comparable with alpha and mu oscillations in the visual and sensorimotor systems, respectively, opening the door to the investigation of human cortical processing under various experimental conditions during natural VS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gale
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Prsa
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Schurger
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annietta Gay
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Paillard
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Guyot
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lopez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NIA UMR 7260, Marseille, France; and
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain-Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rosengren SM. Effects of muscle contraction on cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in normal subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
42
|
Park JJH, Shen A, Westhofen M. Promontory electrical stimulation to elicit vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 135:239-45. [PMID: 25649883 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2014.973530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) provoked electrically at the promontory provide a feasible method to record vestibular responses in awake patients. OBJECTIVES Electrically evoked VEMP testing has been performed by galvanic stimulation at the mastoid so far. The present study examined an electrical stimulation mode close to the otolith organs at the promontory. METHODS Fourteen cochlear implant candidates who were planned for clinical routine promontory stimulation testing (PST) to assess auditory nerve function underwent promontory VEMP testing. After testing the cochlear nerve function during PST promontory cervical VEMPs (p-c-VEMPs) and promontory ocular VEMPs (p-o-VEMPs) were recorded during subsequent transtympanic electrical stimulation at the promontory. RESULTS Promontory VEMP testing was well tolerated by the patients. Mean latencies for p-c-VEMPs were 10.30 ± 2.23 ms (p1) and 17.86 ± 3.83 ms (n1). Mean latencies for p-o-VEMPs were 7.64 ± 1.24 ms (n1) and 11.2 ± 1.81 ms (p1). The stimulation threshold level was measured at 0.15 ± 0.07 mA for p-c-VEMPs and at 0.19 ± 0.11 mA for p-o-VEMPs. The discomfort level was found to be at 0.78 ± 0.29 mA for p-c-VEMPs and at 0.69 ± 0.25 mA for p-oVEMPs. Mean p1-n1 amplitude in p-c-VEMPs was 124.78 ± 56.55 µV and p-o-VEMPs showed a mean n1-p1 amplitude of 30.94 ± 18.98 µV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J-H Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Forbes PA, Siegmund GP, Schouten AC, Blouin JS. Task, muscle and frequency dependent vestibular control of posture. Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 8:94. [PMID: 25620919 PMCID: PMC4288134 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system is crucial for postural control; however there are considerable differences in the task dependence and frequency response of vestibular reflexes in appendicular and axial muscles. For example, vestibular reflexes are only evoked in appendicular muscles when vestibular information is relevant to postural control, while in neck muscles they are maintained regardless of the requirement to maintain head on trunk balance. Recent investigations have also shown that the bandwidth of vestibular input on neck muscles is much broader than appendicular muscles (up to a factor of 3). This result challenges the notion that vestibular reflexes only contribute to postural control across the behavioral and physiological frequency range of the vestibular organ (i.e., 0-20 Hz). In this review, we explore and integrate these task-, muscle- and frequency-related differences in the vestibular system's contribution to posture, and propose that the human nervous system has adapted vestibular signals to match the mechanical properties of the system that each group of muscles controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Forbes
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, Netherlands ; School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, B. C., Canada
| | - Gunter P Siegmund
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, B. C., Canada ; MEA Forensic Engineers & Scientists Richmond, B. C., Canada
| | - Alfred C Schouten
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, Netherlands ; Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente Twente, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Sébastien Blouin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, B. C., Canada ; Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive Systems (ICICS), University of British Columbia Vancouver, B. C., Canada ; Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia Vancouver, B. C., Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Forbes PA, Siegmund GP, Happee R, Schouten AC, Blouin JS. Vestibulocollic reflexes in the absence of head postural control. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:1692-702. [PMID: 25008409 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00343.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous electrical vestibular stimulation evokes reflexive responses in appendicular muscles that are suppressed during tasks in which the muscles are not contributing to balance control. In neck muscles, which stabilize the head on the torso and in space, it is unclear whether similar postural task dependence shapes vestibular reflexes. We investigated whether vestibulocollic reflexes are modulated during tasks in which vestibular information is not directly relevant to maintaining the head balanced on the torso. We hypothesized that vestibulocollic reflexes would be 1) evoked when neck muscles are not involved in balancing the head on the torso and 2) invariant across synergistic neck muscle contraction tasks. Muscle activity was recorded bilaterally in sternocleidomastoid and splenius capitis muscles during head-free and head-fixed conditions while subjects were exposed to stochastic electrical vestibular stimulation (± 5 mA, 0-75 Hz). Significant vestibular reflex responses (P < 0.05) were observed during head-free and head-fixed trials. Response magnitude and timing were similar between head-free and head-fixed trials for sternocleidomastoid, but splenius capitis magnitudes decreased with the head fixed by ∼ 25% (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, this indicates that vestibulocollic responses are evoked independent of the requirement to maintain postural control of the head on the torso. Response magnitude and timing were similar across focal muscle contractions (i.e., axial rotation/flexion/extension) provided the muscle was active. In contrast, when subjects cocontracted neck muscles, vestibular-evoked responses decreased in sternocleidomastoid by ∼ 30-45% (P < 0.05) compared with focal muscle contractions but remained unchanged in splenius capitis. These results indicate robust vestibulocollic reflex coupling, which we suggest functions through its closed-loop influence on head posture to ensure cervical spine stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Forbes
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter P Siegmund
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; MEA Forensic Engineers & Scientists, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Riender Happee
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C Schouten
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Sébastien Blouin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Papathanasiou ES, Murofushi T, Akin FW, Colebatch JG. International guidelines for the clinical application of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: an expert consensus report. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:658-666. [PMID: 24513390 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are electromyogram responses evoked by high-level acoustic stimuli recorded from the tonically contracting sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, and have been accepted as a measure of saccular and inferior vestibular nerve function. As more laboratories are publishing cVEMP data, there is a wider range of recording methods and interpretation, which may be confusing and limit comparisons across laboratories. OBJECTIVE To recommend minimum requirements and guidelines for the recording and interpretation of cVEMPs in the clinic and for diagnostic purposes. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have avoided proposing a single methodology, as clinical use of cVEMPs is evolving and questions still exist about its underlying physiology and its measurement. The development of guidelines by a panel of international experts may provide direction for accurate recording and interpretation. RESULTS cVEMPs can be evoked using air-conducted (AC) sound or bone conducted (BC) vibration. The technical demands of galvanic stimulation have limited its application. For AC stimulation, the most effective frequencies are between 400 and 800 Hz below safe peak intensity levels (e.g. 140 dB peak SPL). The highpass filter should be between 5 and 30 Hz, the lowpass filter between 1000 and 3000 Hz, and the amplifier gain between 2500 and 5000. The number of sweeps averaged should be between 100 and 250 per run. Raw amplitude correction by the level of background SCM activity narrows the range of normal values. There are few publications in children with consistent results. CONCLUSION The present recommendations outline basic terminology and standard methods. Because research is ongoing, new methodologies may be included in future guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihisa Murofushi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, 3-8-3 Mizonokuchi, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Faith W Akin
- Audiology 126, VA Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN 37684, USA
| | - James G Colebatch
- Prince of Wales Clinical School and Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chang CM, Young YH, Cheng PW. Feasibility of simultaneous recording of cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials via galvanic vestibular stimulation. Acta Otolaryngol 2013; 133:1278-84. [PMID: 24245696 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2013.820345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Simultaneous galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS)-cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and GVS-ocular (oVEMP) tests yielded similar information to that obtained in individual tests. OBJECTIVE This study compared the characteristic parameters of cVEMPs and oVEMPs via GVS between individual and simultaneous recording patterns in healthy and elderly subjects. Consequently, the effectiveness of simultaneous GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP tests was assessed. METHODS A total of 24 healthy and 16 elderly subjects were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent individual cVEMP, individual oVEMP, and simultaneous cVEMP and oVEMP testing via GVS mode in a random order. The response rates and characteristic parameters of cVEMPs and oVEMPs between individual and simultaneous tests, including latencies, intervals, and amplitudes, were measured. RESULTS The VEMP parameters, including latencies, intervals, and amplitudes, all demonstrated no significant differences between individual and simultaneous tests (p > 0.05, paired t test), either in healthy or elderly subjects. Pearson's correlation analyses also revealed significant positive correlations in all parameters between these two tests (p < 0.05).
Collapse
|
47
|
Forbes PA, Dakin CJ, Vardy AN, Happee R, Siegmund GP, Schouten AC, Blouin JS. Frequency response of vestibular reflexes in neck, back, and lower limb muscles. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:1869-81. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00196.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular pathways form short-latency disynaptic connections with neck motoneurons, whereas they form longer-latency disynaptic and polysynaptic connections with lower limb motoneurons. We quantified frequency responses of vestibular reflexes in neck, back, and lower limb muscles to explain between-muscle differences. Two hypotheses were evaluated: 1) that muscle-specific motor-unit properties influence the bandwidth of vestibular reflexes; and 2) that frequency responses of vestibular reflexes differ between neck, back, and lower limb muscles because of neural filtering. Subjects were exposed to electrical vestibular stimuli over bandwidths of 0–25 and 0–75 Hz while recording activity in sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, erector spinae, soleus, and medial gastrocnemius muscles. Coherence between stimulus and muscle activity revealed markedly larger vestibular reflex bandwidths in neck muscles (0–70 Hz) than back (0–15 Hz) or lower limb muscles (0–20 Hz). In addition, vestibular reflexes in back and lower limb muscles undergo low-pass filtering compared with neck-muscle responses, which span a broader dynamic range. These results suggest that the wider bandwidth of head-neck biomechanics requires a vestibular influence on neck-muscle activation across a larger dynamic range than lower limb muscles. A computational model of vestibular afferents and a motoneuron pool indicates that motor-unit properties are not primary contributors to the bandwidth filtering of vestibular reflexes in different muscles. Instead, our experimental findings suggest that pathway-dependent neural filtering, not captured in our model, contributes to these muscle-specific responses. Furthermore, gain-phase discontinuities in the neck-muscle vestibular reflexes provide evidence of destructive interaction between different reflex components, likely via indirect vestibular-motor pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Forbes
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher J. Dakin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alistair N. Vardy
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Riender Happee
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter P. Siegmund
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- MEA Forensic Engineers & Scientists, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alfred C. Schouten
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Sébastien Blouin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: The fuzzy picture of different stimulation types is beginning to come into focus. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:1926-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
49
|
Chang CM, Young YH, Cheng PW. Age-related changes in ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials via galvanic vestibular stimulation and bone-conducted vibration modes. Acta Otolaryngol 2012; 132:1295-300. [PMID: 23039710 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2012.708437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION The age-related changes in ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) elicited by galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) and bone-conducted vibration (BCV) might be attributed to the morphological degeneration of the vestibular system. OBJECTIVE This study employed GVS and BCV modes for eliciting oVEMPs in healthy subjects to explore the effect of aging on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) pathway. METHODS Sixty-nine healthy subjects (aged 22-69 years) were divided into 5 groups of 12-19 subjects by decades of age. All subjects underwent oVEMPs using GVS and BCV modes. The prevalence and parameters of oVEMPs, including nI latency, pI latency, nI-pI interval, and nI-pI amplitude were measured and compared. RESULTS The prevalences of GVS-oVEMPs had nonsignificant differences among all age groups, whereas that of BCV-oVEMPs in the over-60 group was significantly lower than those in the under-60 groups. In GVS-oVEMPs, the group over 60 years had significantly longer nI, pI latencies, and smaller amplitudes when compared with those under 60 years. In BCV-oVEMPs, the nI and pI latencies in the over-60 group were significantly longer than those of the under-60 groups, while the nI-pI amplitudes of groups over 50 years were significantly smaller than those of groups under 50 years. All oVEMP parameters exhibited significant differences between GVS- and BCV-oVEMPs in each age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Houpt TA, Cassell J, Carella L, Neth B, Smith JC. Head tilt in rats during exposure to a high magnetic field. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:388-93. [PMID: 21903121 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During exposure to high strength static magnetic fields, humans report vestibular symptoms such as vertigo, apparent motion, and nausea. Rodents also show signs of vestibular perturbation after magnetic field exposure at 7 tesla (T) and above, such as locomotor circling, activation of vestibular nuclei, and acquisition of conditioned taste aversions. We hypothesized that the acute effects of the magnetic field might be seen as changes in head position during exposure within the magnet. Using a yoked restraint tube that allowed movement of the head and neck, we found that rats showed an immediate and persistent deviation of the head during exposure to a static 14.1 T magnetic field. The direction of the head tilt was dependent on the orientation of the rat in the magnetic field (B), such that rats oriented head-up (snout towards B+) showed a rightward tilt of the head, while rats oriented head-down (snout towards B-) showed a leftward tilt of the head. The tilt of the head during magnet exposure was opposite to the direction of locomotor circling immediately after exposure observed previously. Rats exposed in the yoked restraint tube showed significantly more locomotor circling compared to rats exposed with the head restrained. There was little difference in CTA magnitude or extinction rate, however. The deviation of the head was seen when the rats were motionless within the homogenous static field; movement through the field or exposure to the steep gradients of the field was not necessary to elicit the apparent vestibulo-collic reflex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Houpt
- Department of Biological Science, King Life Sciences Building, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, United States.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|