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Jia W, Guo Z, Lv S, Lin K, Li Y. SbYS1 and SbWRKY72 regulate Cd tolerance and accumulation in sweet sorghum. PLANTA 2024; 259:100. [PMID: 38536457 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION SbYS1 and its upstream transcription factor SbWRKY72 were involved in Cd tolerance and accumulation and are valuable for developing sweet sorghum germplasm with high-Cd tolerance or accumulation ability through genetic manipulation. Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic and can severely affect human health. Sweet sorghum, as an energy crop, shows great potential in extracting cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils. However, its molecular mechanisms of Cd-tolerance and -accumulation remain largely unknown. Here, we isolated a YSL family gene SbYS1 from the sweet sorghum genotype with high Cd accumulation ability and the expression of SbYS1 in roots was induced by cadmium. GUS staining experiment exhibited that SbYS1 was expressed in the epidermis and parenchyma tissues of roots. Further subcellular localization analysis suggested that SbYS1 was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Yeast transformed with SbYS1 exhibited a sensitive phenotype compared to the control when exposed to Cd-NA (chelates of cadmium and nicotianamine), indicating that SbYS1 may absorb cadmium in the form of Cd-NA. Arabidopsis overexpressing SbYS1 had a longer root length and accumulated less Cd in roots and shoots. SbWRKY72 bound to the promoter of SbYS1 and negatively regulated the expression of SbYS1. Transgenic Arabidopsis of SbWRKY72 showed higher sensitivity to cadmium and increased cadmium accumulation in roots. Our results provide references for improving the phytoremediation efficiency of sweet sorghum by genetic manipulation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401122, China
| | - Zijing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sulian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Kangqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
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Aleksza D, Spiridon A, Tarkka M, Hauser MT, Hann S, Causon T, Kratena N, Stanetty C, George TS, Russell J, Oburger E. Phytosiderophore pathway response in barley exposed to iron, zinc or copper starvation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111919. [PMID: 37992897 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient micronutrient acquisition is a critical factor in selecting micronutrient dense crops for human consumption. Enhanced exudation and re-uptake of metal chelators, so-called phytosiderophores, by roots of graminaceous plants has been implicated in efficient micronutrient acquisition. We compared PS biosynthesis and exudation as a response mechanism to either Fe, Zn or Cu starvation. Two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines with contrasting micronutrient grain yields were grown hydroponically and PS exudation (LC-MS) and root gene expression (RNAseq) were determined after either Fe, Zn, or Cu starvation. The response strength of the PS pathway was micronutrient dependent and decreased in the order Fe > Zn > Cu deficiency. We observed a stronger expression of PS pathway genes and greater PS exudation in the barley line with large micronutrient grain yield suggesting that a highly expressed PS pathway might be an important trait involved in high micronutrient accumulation. In addition to several metal specific transporters, we also found that the expression of IRO2 and bHLH156 transcription factors was not only induced under Fe but also under Zn and Cu deficiency. Our study delivers important insights into the role of the PS pathway in the acquisition of different micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aleksza
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz Strasse 24, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreea Spiridon
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz Strasse 24, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria
| | - Mika Tarkka
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Hann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Causon
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Kratena
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Stanetty
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Joanne Russell
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Eva Oburger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz Strasse 24, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria.
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3
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Spiridon A, Oburger E, Valadbeigi Y, Kloimböck T, Stanetty C, Kratena N, Draskovits M, Causon T, Hann S. Surveying the mugineic acid family: Ion mobility - quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IM-QTOFMS) characterization and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) quantification of all eight naturally occurring phytosiderophores. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341718. [PMID: 37709429 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytosiderophores (PS) are root exudates released by grass species (Poaceae) that play a pivotal role in iron (Fe) plant nutrition. A direct determination of PS in biological samples is of paramount importance in understanding micronutrient acquisition mediated by PS. To date, eight plant-born PS have been identified; however, no analytical procedure is currently available to quantify all eight PS simultaneously with high analytical confidence. With access to the full set of PS standards for the first time, we report comprehensive methods to both fully characterize (IM-QTOFMS) and quantify (LC-ESI-MS/MS) all eight naturally occurring PS belonging to the mugineic acid family. The quantitative method was fully validated, yielding linear results for all eight analytes, and no unwanted interferences with soil and plant matrices were observed. LOD and LOQ values determined for each PS were below 11 and 35 nmol L-1, respectively. The method's precision under reproducibility conditions (intra- and inter-day) of measurement was less than 2.5% RSD for all analytes. Additionally, all PS were annotated with high-resolution mass spectrometric fragment spectra and further characterized via drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry. The collision cross-sections obtained for primary ion species yielded a valuable database for future research focused on in-depth PS studies. The new quantitative method was applied to analyse root exudates from Fe-controlled and deficient barley, oat, rye, and sorghum plants. All eight PS, including mugineic acid (MA), 3"-hydroxymugineic acid (HMA), 3"-epi-hydroxymugineic acid (epi-HMA), hydroxyavenic acid (HAVA), deoxymugineic acid (DMA), 3"-hydroxydeoxymugineic acid (HDMA), 3"-epi-hydroxydeoxymugineic acid (epi-HDMA) and avenic acid (AVA) were for the first time successfully identified and quantified in root exudates of various graminaceous plants using a single analytical procedure. These newly developed methods can be applied to studies aimed at improving crop yield and micronutrient grain content for food consumption via plant-based biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Spiridon
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24/I, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Eva Oburger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24/I, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Younes Valadbeigi
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Kloimböck
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24/I, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Christian Stanetty
- Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Kratena
- Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Draskovits
- Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Causon
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Hann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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Oburger E, Schmidt H, Staudinger C. Harnessing belowground processes for sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 478:177-209. [PMID: 36277079 PMCID: PMC9579094 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing food demand coupled with climate change pose a great challenge to agricultural systems. In this review we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how plants, together with their associated microbiota, shape rhizosphere processes. We address (molecular) mechanisms operating at the plant-microbe-soil interface and aim to link this knowledge with actual and potential avenues for intensifying agricultural systems, while at the same time reducing irrigation water, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use. Combining in-depth knowledge about above and belowground plant traits will not only significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of involved processes but also allow for more informed decisions regarding agricultural practices and plant breeding. Including belowground plant-soil-microbe interactions in our breeding efforts will help to select crops resilient to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses and ultimately enable us to produce sufficient food in a more sustainable agriculture in the upcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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5
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Carrillo JT, Borthakur D. Methods for metal chelation in plant homeostasis: Review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:95-107. [PMID: 33826996 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal uptake, transport and storage in plants depend on specialized ligands with closely related functions. Individual studies differing by species, nutrient availability, tissue type, etc. are not comprehensive enough to understand plant metal homeostasis in its entirety. A thorough review is required that distinguishes the role of ligands directly involved in chelation from the myriad of plant responses to general stress. Distinguishing between the functions of metal chelating compounds is the primary focus of this review; reactive oxygen species mediation and other aspects of metal homeostasis are also discussed. High molecular weight ligands (polysaccharides, phytochelatin, metallothionein), low molecular weight ligands (nicotianamine, histidine, secondary metabolites) and select studies which demonstrate the complex nature of plant metal homeostasis are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Carrillo
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Sciences 218, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Sciences 218, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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6
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Nakib D, Slatni T, Di Foggia M, Rombolà AD, Abdelly C. Changes in organic compounds secreted by roots in two Poaceae species (Hordeum vulgare and Polypogon monspenliensis) subjected to iron deficiency. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:151-163. [PMID: 33411147 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite their economic and ecological interests, Poaceae are affected by the low availability of iron in calcareous soils. Several studies focused on the capacity of this family to secrete phytosiderophores and organic acids as a mechanism of tolerance to iron deficiency. This work aimed at studying the physiological responses of two Poaceae species; Hordeum vulgare (cultivated barley) and Polypogon monspenliensis (spontaneous species) to iron deficiency, and evaluate especially the release of phytosiderophores and organic acids. For this purpose, seedlings of these two species were cultivated in complete nutrient solution with or without iron. The biomass production, iron status, phytosiderophores and organic acids release by roots were studied. The results demonstrated that Polypogon monspenliensis was relatively more tolerant to iron deficiency than Hordeum vulgare. Polypogon monspenliensis had the ability to secrete a higher amount of phytosiderophores and organic acids, especially citric, acetic, oxalic and malic acids, compared to Hordeum vulgare. We propose this spontaneous species as a forage plant in calcareous soils and in intercropping systems with fruit trees to prevent iron chlorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsaf Nakib
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisie
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologne, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologne, Italy
- Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte (FSB), Département de Biologie, Université de Carthage (UCAR), Avenue de la République, BP 77-1054, Amilcar, Tunisie
| | - Tarek Slatni
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisie.
- Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis (FST), Département de Biologie, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), 1060, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Michele Di Foggia
- Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte (FSB), Département de Biologie, Université de Carthage (UCAR), Avenue de la République, BP 77-1054, Amilcar, Tunisie
| | - Adamo Domenico Rombolà
- Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte (FSB), Département de Biologie, Université de Carthage (UCAR), Avenue de la République, BP 77-1054, Amilcar, Tunisie
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisie
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7
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Kawakami Y, Bhullar NK. Potential Implications of Interactions between Fe and S on Cereal Fe Biofortification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2827. [PMID: 32325653 PMCID: PMC7216021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) are two essential elements for plants, whose interrelation is indispensable for numerous physiological processes. In particular, Fe homeostasis in cereal species is profoundly connected to S nutrition because phytosiderophores, which are the metal chelators required for Fe uptake and translocation in cereals, are derived from a S-containing amino acid, methionine. To date, various biotechnological cereal Fe biofortification strategies involving modulation of genes underlying Fe homeostasis have been reported. Meanwhile, the resultant Fe-biofortified crops have been minimally characterized from the perspective of interaction between Fe and S, in spite of the significance of the crosstalk between the two elements in cereals. Here, we intend to highlight the relevance of Fe and S interrelation in cereal Fe homeostasis and illustrate the potential implications it has to offer for future cereal Fe biofortification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navreet K. Bhullar
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
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8
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Michel L, Peña Á, Pastenes C, Berríos P, Rombolà AD, Covarrubias JI. Sustainable Strategies to Prevent Iron Deficiency, Improve Yield and Berry Composition in Blueberry ( Vaccinium spp.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:255. [PMID: 30930913 PMCID: PMC6423480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of sustainable strategies to correct iron deficiency in blueberries, based on Fe-heme applications or intercropping with graminaceous species, on yield, and berry quality variables. The experiment was conducted in a blueberry orchard established in a sub-alkaline soil. The association with grasses increased the crop load and yield (only Festuca rubra), and decreased the skin/flesh ratio. In addition, these treatments increased anthocyanins as well as some hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, and flavonol concentrations in skins with a similar effectiveness as Fe-EDDHA, whereas the Fe-heme applications did not influence such parameters. Moreover, data revealed that the association with both grasses decreased the firmness of the berries, whereas none of the treatments assessed changed the soluble solids, pH, acidity, and the soluble solids/acidity rate compared to the control. These results suggest that Fe nutrition is crucial for yield and berry quality in blueberry, and that intercropping with grasses may be an effective and sustainable alternative to counteract Fe deficiency in blueberry, with a similar effect on berries to that achieved with Fe-EDDHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Michel
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Peña
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Pastenes
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Berríos
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Chan-Rodriguez D, Walker EL. Analysis of Yellow Striped Mutants of Zea mays Reveals Novel Loci Contributing to Iron Deficiency Chlorosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:157. [PMID: 29515599 PMCID: PMC5826256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The micronutrient iron (Fe) is essential for photosynthesis, respiration, and many other processes, but it is only sparingly soluble in aqueous solution, making adequate acquisition by plants a serious challenge. Fe is a limiting factor for plant growth on approximately 30% of the world's arable lands. Moreover, Fe deficiency in humans is a global health issue, affecting 1.62 billion people, or about 25% of the world's population. It is imperative that we gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that plants use to regulate iron homeostasis, since these will be important targets for future biofortification and crop improvement strategies. Grasses and non-grasses have evolved independent mechanisms for primary iron uptake from the soil. The grasses, which include most of the world's staple grains, have evolved a distinct 'chelation' mechanism to acquire iron from the soil. Strong iron chelators called phytosiderophores (PSs) are synthesized by grasses and secreted into the rhizosphere where they bind and solubilize Fe(III). The Fe(III)-PS complex is then taken up into root cells via transporters specific for the Fe(III)-PS complex. In this study, 31 novel, uncharacterized striped maize mutants available through the Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center (MGCSC) were analyzed to determine whether their mutant phenotypes are caused by decreased iron. Many of these proved to be either pale yellow or white striped mutants. Complementation tests were performed by crossing the MGCSC mutants to ys1 and ys3 reference mutants. This allowed assignment of 10 ys1 alleles and 4 ys3 alleles among the novel mutants. In addition, four ys∗ mutant lines were identified that are not allelic to either ys1 or ys3. Three of these were characterized as being non-allelic to each other and as having low iron in leaves. These represent new genes involved in iron acquisition by maize, and future cloning of these genes may reveal novel aspects of the grass iron acquisition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chan-Rodriguez
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Elsbeth L. Walker
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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10
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Ariga T, Ito K, Imura Y, Yoshimura E. High-performance liquid chromatography method for ferric iron chelators using a post-column reaction with Calcein Blue. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 985:48-53. [PMID: 25658515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for higher plants, which take it up from the soil at the root surface and transport it to shoots through the xylem. Fe(III) chelators, such as organic acids and phytosiderophores, play important roles in the acquisition and transportation of Fe(III). Therefore, a selective and sensitive method for analyzing Fe(III) chelators is required to study the many Fe-related physiological mechanisms in plants. A novel analytical approach employing a high-performance liquid chromatography post-column method with fluorescence detection was developed to separate and detect Fe(III) chelators. This method takes advantage of the quenching of the fluorescence of Calcein Blue (CB) that occurs with the formation of an Fe(III)-CB complex and the dequenching that occurs with the release of CB as a result of competition for Fe(III) between CB and an Fe(III) chelator. This simple experimental method does not require complicated pretreatments and can selectively detect Fe(III) chelators according to their Fe(III)-chelating ability. The detection limit for citric acid using this method was 72pmol. Furthermore, this method can also detect unknown Fe(III) chelators that exhibit a high affinity for Fe(III). The method was evaluated with xylem sap of barley, which was shown to contain several Fe(III) chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ariga
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuki Imura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Etsuro Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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11
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Aghili F, Gamper HA, Eikenberg J, Khoshgoftarmanesh AH, Afyuni M, Schulin R, Jansa J, Frossard E. Green manure addition to soil increases grain zinc concentration in bread wheat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101487. [PMID: 24999738 PMCID: PMC4084887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a major problem for many people living on wheat-based diets. Here, we explored whether addition of green manure of red clover and sunflower to a calcareous soil or inoculating a non-indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) strain may increase grain Zn concentration in bread wheat. For this purpose we performed a multifactorial pot experiment, in which the effects of two green manures (red clover, sunflower), ZnSO4 application, soil γ-irradiation (elimination of naturally occurring AMF), and AMF inoculation were tested. Both green manures were labeled with 65Zn radiotracer to record the Zn recoveries in the aboveground plant biomass. Application of ZnSO4 fertilizer increased grain Zn concentration from 20 to 39 mg Zn kg-1 and sole addition of green manure of sunflower to soil raised grain Zn concentration to 31 mg Zn kg-1. Adding the two together to soil increased grain Zn concentration even further to 54 mg Zn kg-1. Mixing green manure of sunflower to soil mobilized additional 48 µg Zn (kg soil)-1 for transfer to the aboveground plant biomass, compared to the total of 132 µg Zn (kg soil)-1 taken up from plain soil when neither green manure nor ZnSO4 were applied. Green manure amendments to soil also raised the DTPA-extractable Zn in soil. Inoculating a non-indigenous AMF did not increase plant Zn uptake. The study thus showed that organic matter amendments to soil can contribute to a better utilization of naturally stocked soil micronutrients, and thereby reduce any need for major external inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Aghili
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hannes A. Gamper
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jost Eikenberg
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Radioanalytics Laboratory, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Amir H. Khoshgoftarmanesh
- College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Afyuni
- College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rainer Schulin
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Rhizosphere Effect on Nutrient Availability in Soil and Its Uptake by Plants: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-013-0297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Daneshbakhsh B, Khoshgoftarmanesh AH, Shariatmadari H, Cakmak I. Phytosiderophore release by wheat genotypes differing in zinc deficiency tolerance grown with Zn-free nutrient solution as affected by salinity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:41-6. [PMID: 23122914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information concerning the effect of salinity on phytosiderophores exudation from wheat roots. The aim of this hydroponic experiment was to investigate the effect of salinity on phytosiderophore release by roots of three bread wheat genotypes differing in Zn efficiency (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Rushan, Kavir, and Cross) under Zn deficiency conditions. Wheat seedlings were transferred to Zn-free nutrient solutions and exposed to three salinity levels (0, 60, and 120 mM NaCl). The results indicated that Cross and Rushan genotypes exuded more phytosiderophore than did the Kavir genotype. Our findings suggest that the adaptive capacity of Zn-efficient 'Cross' and 'Rushan' wheat genotypes to Zn deficiency is due partly to the higher amounts of phytosiderophore release. Only 15 days of Zn deficiency stress was sufficient to distinguish between Zn-efficient (Rushan and Cross) and Zn-inefficient (Kavir) genotypes, with the former genotypes exuding more phytosiderophore than the latter. Higher phytosiderophore exudation under Zn deficiency conditions was accompanied by greater Fe transport from root to shoot. The maximum amount of phytosiderophore was exuded at the third week in 'Cross' and at the fourth week in 'Kavir' and 'Rushan'. For all three wheat genotypes, salinity stress resulted in higher amounts of phytosiderophore exuded by the roots. In general, for 'Kavir', the largest amount of phytosiderophore was exuded from the roots at the highest salinity level (120mM NaCl), while for 'Cross' and 'Rushan', no significant difference was found in phytosiderophore exudation between the 60 and 120 mM NaCl treatments. More investigation is needed to fully understand the physiology of elevated phytosiderophore release by Zn-deficient wheat plants under salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Daneshbakhsh
- Soilless Culture Research Centre, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
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14
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Tsednee M, Mak YW, Chen YR, Yeh KC. A sensitive LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS method reveals novel phytosiderophores and phytosiderophore-iron complexes in barley. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 195:951-961. [PMID: 22709335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The direct analysis of phytosiderophores (PSs) and their metal complexes in plants is critical to understanding the biological functions of different PSs. Here we report on a rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) method for the direct and simultaneous determination of free PSs and their ferric complexes in plants. In addition to previously reported PSs--deoxymugineic acid (DMA), mugineic acid (MA) and epihydroxymugineic acid (epi-HMA)--two more PSs, avenic acid (AVA) and hydroxyavenic acid (HAVA), were identified by this method in roots of Hordeum vulgare cv Himalaya and in root exudates under iron (Fe) deficiency. The two identified PSs could be responsible for Fe acquisition under Fe deficiency because of their relative abundance and ability to form ferric complexes in secreted root exudates. This LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS method greatly facilitates the identification of free PSs and PS-Fe complexes in one plant sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhtsetseg Tsednee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yit-Wai Mak
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Kobayashi T, Nishizawa NK. Iron uptake, translocation, and regulation in higher plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 63:131-52. [PMID: 22404471 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron is essential for the survival and proliferation of all plants. Higher plants have developed two distinct strategies to acquire iron, which is only slightly soluble, from the rhizosphere: the reduction strategy of nongraminaceous plants and the chelation strategy of graminaceous plants. Key molecular components-including transporters, enzymes, and chelators-have been clarified for both strategies, and many of these components are now thought to also function inside the plant to facilitate internal iron transport. Transporters for intracellular iron trafficking are also being clarified. A majority of genes encoding these components are transcriptionally regulated in response to iron availability. Recent research has uncovered central transcription factors, cis-acting elements, and molecular mechanisms regulating these genes. Manipulation of these molecular components has produced transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to iron deficiency or with increased iron content in the edible parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan.
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16
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Yordem BK, Conte SS, Ma JF, Yokosho K, Vasques KA, Gopalsamy SN, Walker EL. Brachypodium distachyon as a new model system for understanding iron homeostasis in grasses: phylogenetic and expression analysis of Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) transporters. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:821-33. [PMID: 21831857 PMCID: PMC3177677 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Brachypodium distachyon is a temperate grass with a small stature, rapid life cycle and completely sequenced genome that has great promise as a model system to study grass-specific traits for crop improvement. Under iron (Fe)-deficient conditions, grasses synthesize and secrete Fe(III)-chelating agents called phytosiderophores (PS). In Zea mays, Yellow Stripe1 (ZmYS1) is the transporter responsible for the uptake of Fe(III)-PS complexes from the soil. Some members of the family of related proteins called Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) have roles in internal Fe translocation of plants, while the function of other members remains uninvestigated. The aim of this study is to establish brachypodium as a model system to study Fe homeostasis in grasses, identify YSL proteins in brachypodium and maize, and analyse their expression profiles in brachypodium in response to Fe deficiency. METHODS The YSL family of proteins in brachypodium and maize were identified based on sequence similarity to ZmYS1. Expression patterns of the brachypodium YSL genes (BdYSL genes) were determined by quantitative RT-PCR under Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient conditions. The types of PS secreted, and secretion pattern of PS in brachypodium were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. KEY RESULTS Eighteen YSL family members in maize and 19 members in brachypodium were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that some YSLs group into a grass-specific clade. The Fe status of the plant can regulate expression of brachypodium YSL genes in both shoots and roots. 3-Hydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid (HDMA) is the dominant type of PS secreted by brachypodium, and its secretion is diurnally regulated. CONCLUSIONS PS secretion by brachypodium parallels that of related crop species such as barley and wheat. A single grass species-specific YSL clade is present, and expression of the BdYSL members of this clade could not be detected in shoots or roots, suggesting grass-specific functions in reproductive tissues. Finally, the Fe-responsive expression profiles of several YSLs suggest roles in Fe homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu K. Yordem
- Biology Department
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | | | - Jian Feng Ma
- Okayama University, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kengo Yokosho
- Okayama University, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kenneth A. Vasques
- Biology Department
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01002, USA
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18
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KOBAYASHI T, NAKANISHI H, NISHIZAWA NK. Recent insights into iron homeostasis and their application in graminaceous crops. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2010; 86:900-13. [PMID: 21084773 PMCID: PMC3035920 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.86.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants utilize various mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis. To acquire sparingly soluble iron from the rhizosphere, graminaceous plants synthesize natural iron (III) chelators known as mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs). Recent research has uncovered various genes involved in iron uptake and translocation, as well as factors regulating the expression of these genes, especially in rice. Manipulation of these molecular components is used to produce transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to iron deficiency, or with a high seed iron content. Since iron homeostasis is closely linked to that of other mineral elements, an understanding of this phenomenon will serve as the basis for the production of crops with low concentrations of toxic metals and transgenic plants for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori KOBAYASHI
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi NAKANISHI
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko K. NISHIZAWA
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: N. K. Nishizawa, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (e-mail: )
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Ueno D, Yamaji N, Ma JF. Further characterization of ferric-phytosiderophore transporters ZmYS1 and HvYS1 in maize and barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:3513-20. [PMID: 19549626 PMCID: PMC2724700 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Roots of some gramineous plants secrete phytosiderophores in response to iron deficiency and take up Fe as a ferric-phytosiderophore complex through the transporter YS1 (Yellow Stripe 1). Here, this transporter in maize (ZmYS1) and barley (HvYS1) was further characterized and compared in terms of expression pattern, diurnal change, and tissue-type specificity of localization. The expression of HvYS1 was specifically induced by Fe deficiency only in barley roots, and increased with the progress of Fe deficiency, whereas ZmYS1 was expressed in maize in the leaf blades and sheaths, crown, and seminal roots, but not in the hypocotyl. HvYS1 expression was not induced by any other metal deficiency. Furthermore, in maize leaf blades, the expression was higher in the young leaf blades showing severe chlorosis than in the old leaf blades showing no chlorosis. The expression of HvYS1 showed a distinct diurnal rhythm, reaching a maximum before the onset of phytosiderophore secretion. In contrast, ZmYS1 did not show such a rhythm in expression. Immunostaining showed that ZmYS1 was localized in the epidermal cells of both crown and lateral roots, with a polar localization at the distal side of the epidermal cells. In maize leaves, ZmYS1 was localized in mesophyll cells, but not epidermal cells. These differences in gene expression pattern and tissue-type specificity of localization suggest that HvYS1 is only involved in primary Fe acquisition by barley roots, whereas ZmYS1 is involved in both primary Fe acquisition and intracellular transport of iron and other metals in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Feng Ma
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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