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Tsednee M, Tanaka M, Giehl RF, von Wirén N, Fujiwara T. Involvement of NGATHA-Like 1 Transcription Factor in Boron Transport under Low and High Boron Conditions. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:1242-1252. [PMID: 35876035 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
NGATHA-Like 1 (NGAL1) transcription factor has been identified as a gene regulated through AUG-stop-mediated boron (B)-dependent translation stall; however, its function in B response remains unknown. Here, we show that NGAL1 plays an important role in the maintenance of B transport under both low- and high-B conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. NGAL1 mRNA is accumulated predominantly in shoots in response to B stress. Independent ngal1 mutants carrying transferred DNA (T-DNA) and Ds-transposon insertions exhibit reduced B concentrations in aerial tissues and produce shortened and reduced number of siliques when B supply is limited. Furthermore, the expression of B transporter genes including nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein 6; 1 (NIP6;1), NIP5;1, NIP7;1 and borate exporter 1 (BOR1) is significantly decreased in ngal1 mutants under low-B condition, suggesting that NGAL1 is required for the transcript accumulation of B transporter genes to facilitate B transport and distribution under B limitation. Under high-B condition, ngal1 mutants exhibit reduced growth and increased B concentration in their shoots. The accumulation of BOR4 mRNA, a B transporter required for B efflux to soil, is significantly reduced in roots of ngal1 plants under high-B condition, suggesting that NGAL1 is involved in the upregulation of BOR4 in response to excess B. Together, our results indicate that NGAL1 is involved in the transcriptional regulation of B transporter genes to facilitate B transport and distribution under both low- and high-B conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhtsetseg Tsednee
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Mayuki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Ricardo Fh Giehl
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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Tsednee M, Tanaka M, Kasai K, Fujiwara T. Boron-dependent regulation of translation through AUGUAA sequence in yeast. Yeast 2020; 37:638-646. [PMID: 33289202 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Under high boron (B) conditions, nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein 5;1 (NIP5;1) mRNA, a boric acid channel, is destabilized to avoid excess B entry into roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. In this regulation, the minimum upstream open reading frame (uORF), AUGUAA, in its 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) is essential, and high B enhances ribosome stalling at AUGUAA and leads to suppression of translation and mRNA degradation. This B-dependent AUGUAA-mediated regulation occurs also in animal transient expression and reticulocyte lysate translation systems. Thus, uncovering the ubiquitousness of B-dependent unique regulation is important to reveal the evolution of translational regulation. In the present study, we examined the regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Reporter assay showed that in yeast, carrying ATGTAA in 5'-UTR of NIP5;1 upstream of the reporter gene, the relative reporter activities were reduced significantly under high B conditions compared with control, whereas deletion of ATGTAA abolished such responses. This suggests that AUGUAA mediates B-dependent regulation of translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, the deletion of ATGTAA resulted in up to 10-fold increase in general reporter activities indicating the suppression effect of AUGUAA on translation of the main ORF. Interestingly, mRNA level of the reporter gene was not affected by B in both yeast cells with and without AUGUAA. This finding reveals that in yeast, unlike the case in plants, mRNA degradation is not associated with AUGUAA regulation. Together, results suggest that B-dependent AUGUAA-mediated translational regulation is common among eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhtsetseg Tsednee
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kasai
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Tsednee M, Castruita M, Salomé PA, Sharma A, Lewis BE, Schmollinger SR, Strenkert D, Holbrook K, Otegui MS, Khatua K, Das S, Datta A, Chen S, Ramon C, Ralle M, Weber PK, Stemmler TL, Pett-Ridge J, Hoffman BM, Merchant SS. Manganese co-localizes with calcium and phosphorus in Chlamydomonas acidocalcisomes and is mobilized in manganese-deficient conditions. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17626-17641. [PMID: 31527081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposing cells to excess metal concentrations well beyond the cellular quota is a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms of metal homeostasis. Such improved understanding may enable bioengineering of organisms with improved nutrition and bioremediation capacity. We report here that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can accumulate manganese (Mn) in proportion to extracellular supply, up to 30-fold greater than its typical quota and with remarkable tolerance. As visualized by X-ray fluorescence microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion MS (nanoSIMS), Mn largely co-localizes with phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), consistent with the Mn-accumulating site being an acidic vacuole, known as the acidocalcisome. Vacuolar Mn stores are accessible reserves that can be mobilized in Mn-deficient conditions to support algal growth. We noted that Mn accumulation depends on cellular polyphosphate (polyP) content, indicated by 1) a consistent failure of C. reinhardtii vtc1 mutant strains, which are deficient in polyphosphate synthesis, to accumulate Mn and 2) a drastic reduction of the Mn storage capacity in P-deficient cells. Rather surprisingly, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, EPR, and electron nuclear double resonance revealed that only little Mn2+ is stably complexed with polyP, indicating that polyP is not the final Mn ligand. We propose that polyPs are a critical component of Mn accumulation in Chlamydomonas by driving Mn relocation from the cytosol to acidocalcisomes. Within these structures, polyP may, in turn, escort vacuolar Mn to a number of storage ligands, including phosphate and phytate, and other, yet unidentified, compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeli Castruita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Patrice A Salomé
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095.,Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Brianne E Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Stefan R Schmollinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095.,Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daniela Strenkert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095.,Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kristen Holbrook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Departments of Botany and Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kaustav Khatua
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Sayani Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Ankona Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Si Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439
| | - Christina Ramon
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Peter K Weber
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Timothy L Stemmler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Brian M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 .,Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Lo JC, Tsednee M, Lo YC, Yang SC, Hu JM, Ishizaki K, Kohchi T, Lee DC, Yeh KC. Evolutionary analysis of iron (Fe) acquisition system in Marchantia polymorpha. New Phytol 2016; 211:569-83. [PMID: 26948158 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To acquire appropriate iron (Fe), vascular plants have developed two unique strategies, the reduction-based strategy I of nongraminaceous plants for Fe(2+) and the chelation-based strategy II of graminaceous plants for Fe(3+) . However, the mechanism of Fe uptake in bryophytes, the earliest diverging branch of land plants and dominant in gametophyte generation is less clear. Fe isotope fractionation analysis demonstrated that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha uses reduction-based Fe acquisition. Enhanced activities of ferric chelate reductase and proton ATPase were detected under Fe-deficient conditions. However, M. polymorpha did not show mugineic acid family phytosiderophores, the key components of strategy II, or the precursor nicotianamine. Five ZIP (ZRT/IRT-like protein) homologs were identified and speculated to be involved in Fe uptake in M. polymorpha. MpZIP3 knockdown conferred reduced growth under Fe-deficient conditions, and MpZIP3 overexpression increased Fe content under excess Fe. Thus, a nonvascular liverwort, M. polymorpha, uses strategy I for Fe acquisition. This system may have been acquired in the common ancestor of land plants and coopted from the gametophyte to sporophyte generation in the evolution of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Chi Lo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Munkhtsetseg Tsednee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chung Yang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Hu
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Der-Chuen Lee
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Tsednee M, Huang YC, Chen YR, Yeh KC. Identification of metal species by ESI-MS/MS through release of free metals from the corresponding metal-ligand complexes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26785. [PMID: 27240899 PMCID: PMC4886218 DOI: 10.1038/srep26785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is used to analyze metal species in a variety of samples. Here, we describe an application for identifying metal species by tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) with the release of free metals from the corresponding metal-ligand complexes. The MS/MS data were used to elucidate the possible fragmentation pathways of different metal-deoxymugineic acid (-DMA) and metal-nicotianamine (-NA) complexes and select the product ions with highest abundance that may be useful for quantitative multiple reaction monitoring. This method can be used for identifying different metal-ligand complexes, especially for metal species whose mass spectra peaks are clustered close together. Different metal-DMA/NA complexes were simultaneously identified under different physiological pH conditions with this method. We further demonstrated the application of the technique for different plant samples and with different MS instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhtsetseg Tsednee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
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Shanmugam V, Wang YW, Tsednee M, Karunakaran K, Yeh KC. Glutathione plays an essential role in nitric oxide-mediated iron-deficiency signaling and iron-deficiency tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2015; 84:464-77. [PMID: 26333047 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a common agricultural problem that affects both the productivity and nutritional quality of plants. Thus, identifying the key factors involved in the tolerance of Fe deficiency is important. In the present study, the zir1 mutant, which is glutathione deficient, was found to be more sensitive to Fe deficiency than the wild type, and grew poorly in alkaline soil. Other glutathione-deficient mutants also showed various degrees of sensitivity to Fe-limited conditions. Interestingly, we found that the glutathione level was increased under Fe deficiency in the wild type. By contrast, blocking glutathione biosynthesis led to increased physiological sensitivity to Fe deficiency. On the other hand, overexpressing glutathione enhanced the tolerance to Fe deficiency. Under Fe-limited conditions, glutathione-deficient mutants, zir1, pad2 and cad2 accumulated lower levels of Fe than the wild type. The key genes involved in Fe uptake, including IRT1, FRO2 and FIT, are expressed at low levels in zir1; however, a split-root experiment suggested that the systemic signals that govern the expression of Fe uptake-related genes are still active in zir1. Furthermore, we found that zir1 had a lower accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) and NO reservoir S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Although NO is a signaling molecule involved in the induction of Fe uptake-related genes during Fe deficiency, the NO-mediated induction of Fe-uptake genes is dependent on glutathione supply in the zir1 mutant. These results provide direct evidence that glutathione plays an essential role in Fe-deficiency tolerance and NO-mediated Fe-deficiency signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Munkhtsetseg Tsednee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Krithika Karunakaran
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Tsednee M, Yang SC, Lee DC, Yeh KC. Root-secreted nicotianamine from Arabidopsis halleri facilitates zinc hypertolerance by regulating zinc bioavailability. Plant Physiol 2014; 166:839-52. [PMID: 25118254 PMCID: PMC4213112 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulators tolerate and accumulate extraordinarily high concentrations of heavy metals. Content of the metal chelator nicotianamine (NA) in the root of zinc hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri is elevated compared with nonhyperaccumulators, a trait that is considered to be one of the markers of a hyperaccumulator. Using metabolite-profiling analysis of root secretions, we found that excess zinc treatment induced secretion of NA in A. halleri roots compared with the nonhyperaccumulator Arabidopsis thaliana. Metal speciation analysis further revealed that the secreted NA forms a stable complex with Zn(II). Supplying NA to a nonhyperaccumulator species markedly increased plant zinc tolerance by decreasing zinc uptake. Therefore, NA secretion from A. halleri roots facilitates zinc hypertolerance through forming a Zn(II)-NA complex outside the roots to achieve a coordinated zinc uptake rate into roots. Secretion of NA was also found to be responsible for the maintenance of iron homeostasis under excess zinc. Together our results reveal root-secretion mechanisms associated with hypertolerance and hyperaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhtsetseg Tsednee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center (M.T., K.-C.Y.) and Institute of Earth Sciences (S.-C.Y., D.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung-Hsing University, Taipei 115, Taiwan (M.T., K.-C.Y.); andGraduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 250, Taiwan (M.T. and K.-C.Y.)
| | - Shun-Chung Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center (M.T., K.-C.Y.) and Institute of Earth Sciences (S.-C.Y., D.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung-Hsing University, Taipei 115, Taiwan (M.T., K.-C.Y.); andGraduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 250, Taiwan (M.T. and K.-C.Y.)
| | - Der-Chuen Lee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center (M.T., K.-C.Y.) and Institute of Earth Sciences (S.-C.Y., D.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung-Hsing University, Taipei 115, Taiwan (M.T., K.-C.Y.); andGraduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 250, Taiwan (M.T. and K.-C.Y.)
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center (M.T., K.-C.Y.) and Institute of Earth Sciences (S.-C.Y., D.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung-Hsing University, Taipei 115, Taiwan (M.T., K.-C.Y.); andGraduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 250, Taiwan (M.T. and K.-C.Y.)
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Chen YY, Wang Y, Shin LJ, Wu JF, Shanmugam V, Tsednee M, Lo JC, Chen CC, Wu SH, Yeh KC. Iron is involved in the maintenance of circadian period length in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2013; 161:1409-20. [PMID: 23307650 PMCID: PMC3585605 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.212068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of iron (Fe) in plants is strictly regulated to maintain an optimal level for plant growth and development but not cause oxidative stress. About 30% of arable land is considered Fe deficient because of calcareous soil that renders Fe unavailable to plants. Under Fe-deficient conditions, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) shows retarded growth, disordered chloroplast development, and delayed flowering time. In this study, we explored the possible connection between Fe availability and the circadian clock in growth and development. Circadian period length in Arabidopsis was longer under Fe-deficient conditions, but the lengthened period was not regulated by the canonical Fe-deficiency signaling pathway involving nitric oxide. However, plants with impaired chloroplast function showed long circadian periods. Fe deficiency and impaired chloroplast function combined did not show additive effects on the circadian period, which suggests that plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling is involved in the lengthening of circadian period under Fe deficiency. Expression pattern analyses of the central oscillator genes in mutants defective in CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1/LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL or GIGANTEA demonstrated their requirement for Fe deficiency-induced long circadian period. In conclusion, Fe is involved in maintaining the period length of circadian rhythm, possibly by acting on specific central oscillators through a retrograde signaling pathway.
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Tsednee M, Mak YW, Chen YR, Yeh KC. A sensitive LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS method reveals novel phytosiderophores and phytosiderophore-iron complexes in barley. New Phytol 2012; 195:951-961. [PMID: 22709335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The direct analysis of phytosiderophores (PSs) and their metal complexes in plants is critical to understanding the biological functions of different PSs. Here we report on a rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) method for the direct and simultaneous determination of free PSs and their ferric complexes in plants. In addition to previously reported PSs--deoxymugineic acid (DMA), mugineic acid (MA) and epihydroxymugineic acid (epi-HMA)--two more PSs, avenic acid (AVA) and hydroxyavenic acid (HAVA), were identified by this method in roots of Hordeum vulgare cv Himalaya and in root exudates under iron (Fe) deficiency. The two identified PSs could be responsible for Fe acquisition under Fe deficiency because of their relative abundance and ability to form ferric complexes in secreted root exudates. This LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS method greatly facilitates the identification of free PSs and PS-Fe complexes in one plant sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhtsetseg Tsednee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yit-Wai Mak
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Shanmugam V, Tsednee M, Yeh KC. ZINC TOLERANCE INDUCED BY IRON 1 reveals the importance of glutathione in the cross-homeostasis between zinc and iron in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2012. [PMID: 22066515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04850.x.\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plants, but it is toxic in excess concentrations. In Arabidopsis, additional iron (Fe) can increase Zn tolerance. We isolated a mutant, zinc tolerance induced by iron 1, designated zir1, with a defect in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Using map-based cloning and genetic complementation, we identified that zir1 has a mutation of glutamate to lysine at position 385 on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), the enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis. The zir1 mutant contains only 15% of the wild-type glutathione level. Blocking glutathione biosynthesis in wild-type plants by a specific inhibitor of GSH1, buthionine sulfoximine, resulted in loss of Fe-mediated Zn tolerance, which provides further evidence that glutathione plays an essential role in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Two glutathione-deficient mutant alleles of GSH1, pad2-1 and cad2-1, which contain 22% and 39%, respectively, of the wild-type glutathione level, revealed that a minimal glutathione level between 22 and 39% of the wild-type level is required for Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Under excess Zn and Fe, the recovery of shoot Fe contents in pad2-1 and cad2-1 was lower than that of the wild type. However, the phytochelatin-deficient mutant cad1-3 showed normal Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. These results indicate a specific role of glutathione in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. The induced accumulation of glutathione in response to excess Zn and Fe suggests that glutathione plays a specific role in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance in Arabidopsis. We conclude that glutathione is required for the cross-homeostasis between Zn and Fe in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varanavasiappan Shanmugam
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shanmugam V, Tsednee M, Yeh KC. ZINC TOLERANCE INDUCED BY IRON 1 reveals the importance of glutathione in the cross-homeostasis between zinc and iron in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2012; 69:1006-17. [PMID: 22066515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plants, but it is toxic in excess concentrations. In Arabidopsis, additional iron (Fe) can increase Zn tolerance. We isolated a mutant, zinc tolerance induced by iron 1, designated zir1, with a defect in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Using map-based cloning and genetic complementation, we identified that zir1 has a mutation of glutamate to lysine at position 385 on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), the enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis. The zir1 mutant contains only 15% of the wild-type glutathione level. Blocking glutathione biosynthesis in wild-type plants by a specific inhibitor of GSH1, buthionine sulfoximine, resulted in loss of Fe-mediated Zn tolerance, which provides further evidence that glutathione plays an essential role in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Two glutathione-deficient mutant alleles of GSH1, pad2-1 and cad2-1, which contain 22% and 39%, respectively, of the wild-type glutathione level, revealed that a minimal glutathione level between 22 and 39% of the wild-type level is required for Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Under excess Zn and Fe, the recovery of shoot Fe contents in pad2-1 and cad2-1 was lower than that of the wild type. However, the phytochelatin-deficient mutant cad1-3 showed normal Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. These results indicate a specific role of glutathione in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. The induced accumulation of glutathione in response to excess Zn and Fe suggests that glutathione plays a specific role in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance in Arabidopsis. We conclude that glutathione is required for the cross-homeostasis between Zn and Fe in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varanavasiappan Shanmugam
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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