1
|
Golan J, Wang YW, Adams CA, Cross H, Elmore H, Gardes M, Gonçalves SC, Hess J, Richard F, Wolfe B, Pringle A. Death caps (Amanita phalloides) frequently establish from sexual spores, but individuals can grow large and live for more than a decade in invaded forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1753-1770. [PMID: 38146206 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Global change is reshaping Earth's biodiversity, but the changing distributions of nonpathogenic fungi remain largely undocumented, as do mechanisms enabling invasions. The ectomycorrhizal Amanita phalloides is native to Europe and invasive in North America. Using population genetics and genomics, we sought to describe the life history traits of this successfully invading symbiotic fungus. To test whether death caps spread underground using hyphae, or aboveground using sexual spores, we mapped and genotyped mushrooms from European and US sites. Larger genetic individuals (genets) would suggest spread mediated by vegetative growth, while many small genets would suggest dispersal mediated by spores. To test whether genets are ephemeral or persistent, we also sampled from populations over time. At nearly every site and across all time points, mushrooms resolve into small genets. Individuals frequently establish from sexual spores. But at one Californian site, a single individual measuring nearly 10 m across dominated. At two Californian sites, the same genetic individuals were discovered in 2004, 2014, and 2015, suggesting single individuals (both large and small) can reproduce repeatedly over relatively long timescales. A flexible life history strategy combining both mycelial growth and spore dispersal appears to underpin the invasion of this deadly perennial ectomycorrhizal fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Golan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yen-Wen Wang
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Catharine A Adams
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hugh Cross
- National Ecological Observatory Network-Battelle, 1685 38th, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Holly Elmore
- Rethink Priorities, 530 Divisadero St. PMB #796, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Monique Gardes
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174 UPS-CNRS-IRD, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex, F-31062, France
| | - Susana C Gonçalves
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
| | | | - Franck Richard
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier - CNRS - EPHE - IRD, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Benjamin Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Anne Pringle
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Drott MT, Park SC, Wang YW, Harrow L, Keller NP, Pringle A. Pangenomics of the death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides, and of Agaricales, reveals dynamic evolution of toxin genes in an invasive range. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023:10.1038/s41396-023-01432-x. [PMID: 37221394 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The poisonous European mushroom Amanita phalloides (the "death cap") is invading California. Whether the death caps' toxic secondary metabolites are evolving as it invades is unknown. We developed a bioinformatic pipeline to identify the MSDIN genes underpinning toxicity and probed 88 death cap genomes from an invasive Californian population and from the European range, discovering a previously unsuspected diversity of MSDINs made up of both core and accessory elements. Each death cap individual possesses a unique suite of MSDINs, and toxin genes are significantly differentiated between Californian and European samples. MSDIN genes are maintained by strong natural selection, and chemical profiling confirms MSDIN genes are expressed and result in distinct phenotypes; our chemical profiling also identified a new MSDIN peptide. Toxin genes are physically clustered within genomes. We contextualize our discoveries by probing for MSDINs in genomes from across the order Agaricales, revealing MSDIN diversity originated in independent gene family expansions among genera. We also report the discovery of an MSDIN in an Amanita outside the "lethal Amanitas" clade. Finally, the identification of an MSDIN gene and its associated processing gene (POPB) in Clavaria fumosa suggest the origin of MSDINs is older than previously suspected. The dynamic evolution of MSDINs underscores their potential to mediate ecological interactions, implicating MSDINs in the ongoing invasion. Our data change the understanding of the evolutionary history of poisonous mushrooms, emphasizing striking parallels to convergently evolved animal toxins. Our pipeline provides a roadmap for exploring secondary metabolites in other basidiomycetes and will enable drug prospecting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milton T Drott
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Sung Chul Park
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yen-Wen Wang
- Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lynn Harrow
- Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Anne Pringle
- Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gautier M, Moreau PA, Boury B, Richard F. Unravelling the French National Fungal Database: Geography, Temporality, Taxonomy and Ecology of the Recorded Diversity. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090926. [PMID: 36135651 PMCID: PMC9504494 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Large datasets are highly valuable resources to investigate multi-scale patterns of organisms, and lay foundations for citizen science-based conservation strategies. Here, we used 1,043,262 records from 1708 to 2021 to explore the geography, taxonomy, ecology and distribution patterns of 11,556 fungal taxa in metropolitan France. Our analysis reveals a four-phase pattern of temporal recording, with a main contribution of post-1977 observations in relation with the structuration of associative mycology. The dataset shows an uneven geography of fungal recording. Four clusters of high-intensity sampling scattered across France contrast with poorly documented areas, including the Mediterranean. Basidiomycota and Agaricales highly dominate the dataset, accounting for 88.8 and 50.4% of records, respectively. The dataset is composed of many rare taxa, with 61.2% of them showing fewer than 100 records, and 20.5% recorded only once. The analysis of metadata brings to light a preponderance of the mycorrhizal guild (44.6%), followed by litter saprotrophs (31.6%) and wood saprotrophs (18.1%). Highly documented forests (76.3% of records) contrast with poorly investigated artificial (6.43%) and open habitats (10.1%). This work provides the first comprehensive overview of fungal diversity in France and identifies the Mediterranean area and open habitats as priorities to integrate into a global strategy for fungal conservation in France.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montan Gautier
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (UMR CEFE), University Montpellier-CNRS-EPHE-IRD, 1919 route de Mende, CEDEX 5, F-34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Arthur Moreau
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (ULR 4515-LGCgE), University Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Association pour le développement d’outils naturalistes et informatiques pour la Fonge (AdoniF), 3 rue du Pr Laguesse, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Béatrice Boury
- Association pour le développement d’outils naturalistes et informatiques pour la Fonge (AdoniF), 3 rue du Pr Laguesse, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Franck Richard
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (UMR CEFE), University Montpellier-CNRS-EPHE-IRD, 1919 route de Mende, CEDEX 5, F-34293 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rillig MC, Lehmann A, Orr JA, Waldman WR. Mechanisms underpinning nonadditivity of global change factor effects in the plant-soil system. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1535-1539. [PMID: 34482557 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil systems are key for understanding the effects of factors of global change. Recent work has highlighted the general importance of considering the simultaneous incidence of some factors or stressors. To help mechanistically dissect the possible interactions of such factors, we here propose three broad groups of mechanisms that may generally lead to nonadditivity of responses within a plant-soil system: direct factor interactions (that is one factor directly changing another), within-plant information processing and crosstalk, and effects of factors on groups of soil biota interacting with plants. Interactions are also possible within and across these groups. Factor interactions are very likely to be present in experiments, especially when dealing with an increasing number of factors. Identifying the nature of such interactions will be essential for understanding and predicting global change impacts on plants and soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - James A Orr
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Walter R Waldman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Freestone MW, Swarts ND, Reiter N, Tomlinson S, Sussmilch FC, Wright MM, Holmes GD, Phillips RD, Linde CC. Continental-scale distribution and diversity of Ceratobasidium orchid mycorrhizal fungi in Australia. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:329-343. [PMID: 34077492 PMCID: PMC8389474 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mycorrhizal fungi are a critical component of the ecological niche of most plants and can potentially constrain their geographical range. Unlike other types of mycorrhizal fungi, the distributions of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) at large spatial scales are not well understood. Here, we investigate the distribution and diversity of Ceratobasidium OMF in orchids and soils across the Australian continent. METHODS We sampled 217 Ceratobasidium isolates from 111 orchid species across southern Australia and combined these with 311 Ceratobasidium sequences from GenBank. To estimate the taxonomic diversity of Ceratobasidium associating with orchids, phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequence locus was undertaken. Sequence data from the continent-wide Australian Microbiome Initiative were used to determine the geographical range of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected in orchids, with the distribution and climatic correlates of the two most frequently detected OTUs modelled using MaxEnt. KEY RESULTS We identified 23 Ceratobasidium OTUs associating with Australian orchids, primarily from the orchid genera Pterostylis, Prasophyllum, Rhizanthella and Sarcochilus. OTUs isolated from orchids were closely related to, but distinct from, known pathogenic fungi. Data from soils and orchids revealed that ten of these OTUs occur on both east and west sides of the continent, while 13 OTUs were recorded at three locations or fewer. MaxEnt models suggested that the distributions of two widespread OTUs are correlated with temperature and soil moisture of the wettest quarter and far exceeded the distributions of their host orchid species. CONCLUSIONS Ceratobasidium OMF with cross-continental distributions are common in Australian soils and frequently have geographical ranges that exceed that of their host orchid species, suggesting these fungi are not limiting the distributions of their host orchids at large spatial scales. Most OTUs were distributed within southern Australia, although several OTUs had distributions extending into central and northern parts of the continent, illustrating their tolerance of an extraordinarily wide range of environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Freestone
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Cranbourne, VIC 3977, Australia
- Biodiversity and Conservation Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Nigel D Swarts
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, The University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia
- Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Noushka Reiter
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Cranbourne, VIC 3977, Australia
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Frances C Sussmilch
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, The University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Magali M Wright
- Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Gareth D Holmes
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Cranbourne, VIC 3977, Australia
| | - Ryan D Phillips
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Cranbourne, VIC 3977, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Celeste C Linde
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fernández‐López J, Telleria MT, Dueñas M, May T, Martín MP. DNA barcode analyses improve accuracy in fungal species distribution models. Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández‐López
- Department of Mycology Real Jardín Botánico‐CSIC Madrid Spain
- Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA USA
| | | | | | - Tom May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - María P. Martín
- Department of Mycology Real Jardín Botánico‐CSIC Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kivlin SN, Hawkes CV, Papeş M, Treseder KK, Averill C. The future of microbial ecological niche theory and modeling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:508-511. [PMID: 34132414 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Christine V Hawkes
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Monica Papeş
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Colin Averill
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kujawska MB, Rudawska M, Stasińska M, Pietras M, Leski T. Distribution and ecological traits of a rare and threatened fungus Hericium flagellum in Poland with the prediction of its potential occurrence in Europe. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Vlk L, Tedersoo L, Antl T, Větrovský T, Abarenkov K, Pergl J, Albrechtová J, Vosátka M, Baldrian P, Pyšek P, Kohout P. Early successional ectomycorrhizal fungi are more likely to naturalize outside their native range than other ectomycorrhizal fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1289-1293. [PMID: 32215923 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Vlk
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Science, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tomáš Antl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kessy Abarenkov
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Science, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Albrechtová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fraiture A, Amalfi M, Raspé O, Kaya E, Akata I, Degreef J. Two new species of Amanitasect.Phalloideae from Africa, one of which is devoid of amatoxins and phallotoxins. MycoKeys 2019; 53:93-125. [PMID: 31217724 PMCID: PMC6565643 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.53.34560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new species of Amanitasect.Phalloideae are described from tropical Africa (incl. Madagascar) based on both morphological and molecular (DNA sequence) data. Amanitabweyeyensissp. nov. was collected, associated with Eucalyptus, in Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania. It is consumed by local people and chemical analyses showed the absence of amatoxins and phallotoxins in the basidiomata. Surprisingly, molecular analysis performed on the same specimens nevertheless demonstrated the presence of the gene sequence encoding for the phallotoxin phallacidin (PHA gene, member of the MSDIN family). The second species, Amanitaharkonenianasp. nov. was collected in Tanzania and Madagascar. It is also characterised by a complete PHA gene sequence and is suspected to be deadly poisonous. Both species clustered together in a well-supported terminal clade in multilocus phylogenetic inferences (including nuclear ribosomal partial LSU and ITS-5.8S, partial tef1-α, rpb2 and β-tubulin genes), considered either individually or concatenated. This, along with the occurrence of other species in sub-Saharan Africa and their phylogenetic relationships, are briefly discussed. Macro- and microscopic descriptions, as well as pictures and line drawings, are presented for both species. An identification key to the African and Madagascan species of Amanitasect.Phalloideae is provided. The differences between the two new species and the closest Phalloideae species are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Fraiture
- Meise Botanic Garden, 38 Nieuwelaan, 1860 Meise, Belgium Meise Botanic Garden Meise Belgium.,Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Service Général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique, 1080 Brussels, Belgium Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Service Général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique Brussels Belgium
| | - Mario Amalfi
- Meise Botanic Garden, 38 Nieuwelaan, 1860 Meise, Belgium Meise Botanic Garden Meise Belgium
| | - Olivier Raspé
- Meise Botanic Garden, 38 Nieuwelaan, 1860 Meise, Belgium Meise Botanic Garden Meise Belgium.,Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Service Général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique, 1080 Brussels, Belgium Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Service Général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique Brussels Belgium
| | - Ertugrul Kaya
- Duzce University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Düzce, Turkey Duzce University Düzce Turkey
| | - Ilgaz Akata
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Jérôme Degreef
- Meise Botanic Garden, 38 Nieuwelaan, 1860 Meise, Belgium Meise Botanic Garden Meise Belgium.,Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Service Général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique, 1080 Brussels, Belgium Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Service Général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique Brussels Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Predicted potential occurrence of the North American false truffle Rhizopogon salebrosus in Europe. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Andrew C, Diez J, James TY, Kauserud H. Fungarium specimens: a largely untapped source in global change biology and beyond. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20170392. [PMID: 30455210 PMCID: PMC6282084 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For several hundred years, millions of fungal sporocarps have been collected and deposited in worldwide collections (fungaria) to support fungal taxonomy. Owing to large-scale digitization programs, metadata associated with the records are now becoming publicly available, including information on taxonomy, sampling location, collection date and habitat/substrate information. This metadata, as well as data extracted from the physical fungarium specimens themselves, such as DNA sequences and biochemical characteristics, provide a rich source of information not only for taxonomy but also for other lines of biological inquiry. Here, we highlight and discuss how this information can be used to investigate emerging topics in fungal global change biology and beyond. Fungarium data are a prime source of knowledge on fungal distributions and richness patterns, and for assessing red-listed and invasive species. Information on collection dates has been used to investigate shifts in fungal distributions as well as phenology of sporocarp emergence in response to climate change. In addition to providing material for taxonomy and systematics, DNA sequences derived from the physical specimens provide information about fungal demography, dispersal patterns, and are emerging as a source of genomic data. As DNA analysis technologies develop further, the importance of fungarium specimens as easily accessible sources of information will likely continue to grow.This article is part of the theme issue 'Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Andrew
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Diez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Timothy Y James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The family Amanitaceae: molecular phylogeny, higher-rank taxonomy and the species in China. FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
14
|
Puschner B, Wegenast C. Mushroom Poisoning Cases in Dogs and Cats: Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatotoxic, Neurotoxic, Gastroenterotoxic, Nephrotoxic, and Muscarinic Mushrooms. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2018; 48:1053-1067. [PMID: 30077439 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of poisonous mushrooms by small animals can lead to liver failure, neurotoxicity, or gastrointestinal irritation. Although amanita poisoning can be lethal, ingestion of other toxic mushrooms is generally self-limiting and not life threatening. Most cases are undiagnosed, as routine diagnostic tests only exist for amanitins and psilocin. Early detection of amanitin exposure can greatly aid in the therapeutic intervention by allowing veterinarians to make timely decisions regarding patient management. Treatment is generally supportive, but specific therapeutic measures exist for amanitin and psilocin exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1120 Haring Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Colette Wegenast
- Animal Poison Control Center, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), ASPCA Midwest Office, 1717 South Philo Road, Suite 36, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pietras M, Litkowiec M, Gołębiewska J. Current and potential distribution of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus lakei ((Murrill) A.H. Sm. & Thiers) in its invasion range. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:467-475. [PMID: 29766279 PMCID: PMC6182358 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Suillus lakei is an ectomycorrhizal fungus native to North America and known in Europe, South America, and New Zealand. This contribution aims to illustrate the worldwide biogeography of S. lakei based on sporocarp records. Species distribution modeling was used to assess the suitable niche distribution of S. lakei, based on the climatic variables as well as distribution of its ectomycorrhizal partner, Douglas fir. In general, distribution of suitable niches of S. lakei greatly overlaps with the distribution of Douglas fir in North America. By spatial distribution modeling, we found that the precipitation of the coldest quarters, isothermality, and annual mean temperature are important factors influencing the potential distribution of S. lakei. Nevertheless, the most crucial factor limiting expansion of S. lakei in its invasion range is Douglas fir occurrence. This factor reached an 86.4% contribution for the S. lakei species distribution model. Additionally, we compare the aboveground and belowground presence of S. lakei based on surveys in the field. Our study shows that even extremely low abundance of ectomycorrhizas can open the possibility of using an ectomycorrhiza survey for their quantification as a good indicator of the presence of S. lakei in field conditions. Both sporocarps and ectomycorrhizas occurred only in gardens, where Douglas fir seedlings were outplanted at the beginning of the 1990s as an ornamental plant. Presumably, international trade of ornamental plants was one possible route of introduction of S. lakei to Poland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Pietras
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Science, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Monika Litkowiec
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Science, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Joanna Gołębiewska
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biological invasions increase the richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from a Hawaiian subtropical ecosystem. Biol Invasions 2018; 20:2421-2437. [PMID: 30956539 PMCID: PMC6417436 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions can have various impacts on the diversity of important microbial mutualists such as mycorrhizal fungi, but few studies have tested whether the effects of invasions on mycorrhizal diversity are consistent across spatial gradients. Furthermore, few of these studies have taken place in tropical ecosystems that experience an inordinate rate of invasions into native habitats. Here, we examined the effects of plant invasions dominated by non-native tree species on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in Hawaii. To test the hypothesis that invasions result in consistent changes in AM fungal diversity across spatial gradients relative to native forest habitats, we sampled soil in paired native and invaded sites from three watersheds and used amplicon sequencing to characterize AM fungal communities. Whether our analyses considered phylogenetic relatedness or not, we found that invasions consistently increased the richness of AM fungi. However, AM fungal species composition was not related to invasion status of the vegetation nor local environment, but stratified by watershed. Our results suggest that while invasions can lead to an overall increase in the diversity of microbial mutualists, the effects of plant host identity or geographic structuring potentially outweigh those of invasive species in determining the community membership of AM fungi. Thus, host specificity and spatial factors such as dispersal need to be taken into consideration when examining the effects of biological invasions on symbiotic microbes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Rúa MA, Lamit LJ, Gehring C, Antunes PM, Hoeksema JD, Zabinski C, Karst J, Burns C, Woods MJ. Accounting for local adaptation in ectomycorrhizas: a call to track geographical origin of plants, fungi, and soils in experiments. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:187-195. [PMID: 29181636 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation, the differential success of genotypes in their native versus foreign environments, can influence ecological and evolutionary processes, yet its importance is difficult to estimate because it has not been widely studied, particularly in the context of interspecific interactions. Interactions between ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi and their host plants could serve as model system for investigations of local adaptation because they are widespread and affect plant responses to both biotic and abiotic selection pressures. Furthermore, because EM fungi cycle nutrients and mediate energy flow into food webs, their local adaptation may be critical in sustaining ecological function. Despite their ecological importance and an extensive literature on their relationships with plants, the vast majority of experiments on EM symbioses fail to report critical information needed to assess local adaptation: the geographic origin of the plant, fungal inocula, and soil substrate used in the experiment. These omissions limit the utility of such studies and restrict our understanding of EM ecology and evolution. Here, we illustrate the potential importance of local adaptation in EM relationships and call for consistent reporting of the geographic origin of plant, soil, and fungi as an important step towards a better understanding of the ecology and evolution of EM symbioses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Rúa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
| | - Louis J Lamit
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Catherine Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver Street, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5640, USA
| | - Pedro M Antunes
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Jason D Hoeksema
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Cathy Zabinski
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, 344 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Justine Karst
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Cole Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 284 Biological Sciences, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michaela J Woods
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Porter SS, Faber-Hammond JJ, Friesen ML. Co-invading symbiotic mutualists of Medicago polymorpha retain high ancestral diversity and contain diverse accessory genomes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 94:4705886. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Porter
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
| | - Joshua J Faber-Hammond
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
| | - Maren L Friesen
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646430 Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646420 Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kivlin SN, Lynn JS, Kazenel MR, Beals KK, Rudgers JA. Biogeography of plant‐associated fungal symbionts in mountain ecosystems: A meta‐analysis. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Kivlin
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Gothic CO USA
| | - Joshua S. Lynn
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Gothic CO USA
| | - Melanie R. Kazenel
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Gothic CO USA
| | - Kendall K. Beals
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
| | - Jennifer A. Rudgers
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Gothic CO USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pulman JA, Childs KL, Sgambelluri RM, Walton JD. Expansion and diversification of the MSDIN family of cyclic peptide genes in the poisonous agarics Amanita phalloides and A. bisporigera. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:1038. [PMID: 27978833 PMCID: PMC5159998 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cyclic peptide toxins of Amanita mushrooms, such as α-amanitin and phalloidin, are encoded by the “MSDIN” gene family and ribosomally biosynthesized. Based on partial genome sequence and PCR analysis, some members of the MSDIN family were previously identified in Amanita bisporigera, and several other members are known from other species of Amanita. However, the complete complement in any one species, and hence the genetic capacity for these fungi to make cyclic peptides, remains unknown. Results Draft genome sequences of two cyclic peptide-producing mushrooms, the “Death Cap” A. phalloides and the “Destroying Angel” A. bisporigera, were obtained. Each species has ~30 MSDIN genes, most of which are predicted to encode unknown cyclic peptides. Some MSDIN genes were duplicated in one or the other species, but only three were common to both species. A gene encoding cycloamanide B, a previously described nontoxic cyclic heptapeptide, was also present in A. phalloides, but genes for antamanide and cycloamanides A, C, and D were not. In A. bisporigera, RNA expression was observed for 20 of the MSDIN family members. Based on their predicted sequences, novel cyclic peptides were searched for by LC/MS/MS in extracts of A. phalloides. The presence of two cyclic peptides, named cycloamanides E and F with structures cyclo(SFFFPVP) and cyclo(IVGILGLP), was thereby demonstrated. Of the MSDIN genes reported earlier from another specimen of A. bisporigera, 9 of 14 were not found in the current genome assembly. Differences between previous and current results for the complement of MSDIN genes and cyclic peptides in the two fungi probably represents natural variation among geographically dispersed isolates of A. phalloides and among the members of the poorly defined A. bisporigera species complex. Both A. phalloides and A. bisporigera contain two prolyl oligopeptidase genes, one of which (POPB) is probably dedicated to cyclic peptide biosynthesis as it is in Galerina marginata. Conclusion The MSDIN gene family has expanded and diverged rapidly in Amanita section Phalloideae. Together, A. bisporigera and A. phalloides are predicted to have the capacity to make more than 50 cyclic hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- and decapeptides. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3378-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Pulman
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Center for Genomics-Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kevin L Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Center for Genomics-Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - R Michael Sgambelluri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jonathan D Walton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Bittleston LS, Pierce NE, Ellison AM, Pringle A. Convergence in Multispecies Interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:269-280. [PMID: 26858111 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of convergent evolution and community convergence highlight how selective pressures can shape unrelated organisms or communities in similar ways. We propose a related concept, convergent interactions, to describe the independent evolution of multispecies interactions with similar physiological or ecological functions. A focus on convergent interactions clarifies how natural selection repeatedly favors particular kinds of associations among species. Characterizing convergent interactions in a comparative context is likely to facilitate prediction of the ecological roles of organisms (including microbes) in multispecies interactions and selective pressures acting in poorly understood or newly discovered multispecies systems. We illustrate the concept of convergent interactions with examples: vertebrates and their gut bacteria; ectomycorrhizae; insect-fungal-bacterial interactions; pitcher-plant food webs; and ants and ant-plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonora S Bittleston
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aaron M Ellison
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Forest, Harvard University, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
| | - Anne Pringle
- Departments of Bacteriology and Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ángeles-Argáiz RE, Flores-García A, Ulloa M, Garibay-Orijel R. Commercial Sphagnum peat moss is a vector for exotic ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sphagnum peat moss is one of the most commonly used substrates for forest plant and houseplant production. It is extracted from peat bogs in the circumboreal region and exported worldwide. Commercial peat moss is pasteurized, and is therefore believed to be free of viable ectomycorrhizal propagules. We used a bioassay with Pinus montezumae to demonstrate that commercial peat moss carries viable ectomycorrhizal spores, able to form mycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizal fungi on seedling root-tips were sequenced for phylogenetic analyses using the ITS rDNA barcode region. We found three species: Suillus brevipes, Sphaerosporella brunnea, and Thelephora terrestris. S. brevipes and T. terrestris were found as viable inoculum transported in the peat moss, while S. brunnea was a greenhouse contaminant. S. brevipes and T. terrestris have biological characteristics (such as heat resistant and long living spores) that facilitate their survival to the extraction, transport, and storage processes of peat moss. This allows them to colonize nursery seedlings and to become potential invasive species in plantation areas. S. brevipes and T. terrestris are two of the most introduced fungi by anthropic activities; it has been argued that the vehicle for the introductions are their pine symbionts. This is the first time it has been demonstrated that peat moss is an important vehicle for the introduction of these fungi; a fact potentially related to the pattern of introduction of these ectomycorrhizal species from the northern hemisphere to elsewhere in the world.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hwang J, Zhao Q, Yang ZL, Wang Z, Townsend JP. Solving the ecological puzzle of mycorrhizal associations using data from annotated collections and environmental samples - an example of saddle fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:658-667. [PMID: 26033481 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The relation between ecological and genetic divergence of Helvella species (saddle fungi) has been perplexing. While a few species have been clearly demonstrated to be ectomycorrhizal fungi, ecological roles of many other species have been controversial, alternately considered as either saprotrophic or mycorrhizal. We applied SATé to build an inclusive deoxyribonucleic acid sequence alignment for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of annotated Helvella species and related environmental sequences. Phylogenetic informativeness of ITS and its regions were assessed using PhyDesign. Mycorrhizal lineages present a diversity of ecology, host type and geographic distribution. In two Helvella clades, no Helvella ITS sequences were recovered from root tips. Inclusion of environmental sequences in the ITS phylogeny from these sequences has the potential to link these data and reveal Helvella ecology. This study can serve as a model for revealing the diversity of relationships between unculturable fungi and their potential plant hosts. How non-mycorrhizal life styles within Helvella evolved will require expanded metagenomic investigation of soil and other environmental samples along with study of Helvella genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hwang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhu L Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Townsend
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Program in Microbiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang P, Tang LP, Cai Q, Xu JP. A review on the diversity, phylogeography and population genetics of Amanita mushrooms. Mycology 2015; 6:86-93. [PMID: 30151317 PMCID: PMC6106075 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2015.1042536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amanita mushrooms are important for both human beings and ecosystems. Some members in this genus are valued edible species, whereas some others are extremely poisonous, and most species are ectomycorrhizal. Significant progress has been made in recent years in our understanding of the diversity, phylogeography and population genetics of Amanita mushrooms. A significant reason for the progress was due to the increasing application of molecular methods in the analyses. In this review, we summarize the researches in the diversity, phylogeography and population genetics of Amanita mushrooms, with the focus on advances over the past 20 years. We also discussed future research directions, including several unresolved topical issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha410081, China
| | - Li-Ping Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming650500, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
| | - Jian-Ping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONL8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rodríguez-Echeverría S, Traveset A. Putative linkages between below- and aboveground mutualisms during alien plant invasions. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv062. [PMID: 26034049 PMCID: PMC4571103 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of the fundamental role of below-aboveground links in controlling ecosystem processes is mostly based on studies done with soil herbivores or mutualists and aboveground herbivores. Much less is known about the links between belowground and aboveground mutualisms, which have been studied separately for decades. It has not been until recently that these mutualisms-mycorrhizas and legume-rhizobia on one hand, and pollinators and seed dispersers on the other hand-have been found to influence each other, with potential ecological and evolutionary consequences. Here we review the mechanisms that may link these two-level mutualisms, mostly reported for native plant species, and make predictions about their relevance during alien plant invasions. We propose that alien plants establishing effective mutualisms with belowground microbes might improve their reproductive success through positive interactions between those mutualists and pollinators and seed dispersers. On the other hand, changes in the abundance and diversity of soil mutualists induced by invasion can also interfere with below-aboveground links for native plant species. We conclude that further research on this topic is needed in the field of invasion ecology as it can provide interesting clues on synergistic interactions and invasional meltdowns during alien plant invasions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Anna Traveset
- Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, E07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ranelli LB, Hendricks WQ, Lynn JS, Kivlin SN, Rudgers JA. Biotic and abiotic predictors of fungal colonization in grasses of the Colorado Rockies. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana B. Ranelli
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; Crested Butte CO 81224 USA
- Division of Science and Mathematics; University of Minnesota, Morris; Morris MN 56267 USA
| | - Will Q. Hendricks
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; Crested Butte CO 81224 USA
| | - Joshua S. Lynn
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; Crested Butte CO 81224 USA
- Department of Biology; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Stephanie N. Kivlin
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; Crested Butte CO 81224 USA
- Section of Integrative Biology; University of Texas; Austin TX 78712 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gladieux P, Feurtey A, Hood ME, Snirc A, Clavel J, Dutech C, Roy M, Giraud T. The population biology of fungal invasions. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1969-86. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Gladieux
- Ecologie; Systématique et Evolution; Université Paris-Sud; Bâtiment 360 F-91405 Orsay France
- CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| | - A. Feurtey
- Ecologie; Systématique et Evolution; Université Paris-Sud; Bâtiment 360 F-91405 Orsay France
- CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| | - M. E. Hood
- Department of Biology; Amherst College; Amherst Massachusetts 01002 USA
| | - A. Snirc
- Ecologie; Systématique et Evolution; Université Paris-Sud; Bâtiment 360 F-91405 Orsay France
- CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| | - J. Clavel
- Conservation des Espèces; Restauration et Suivi des Populations - CRBPO; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS-Université Pierre et Marie Curie; 55 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
| | - C. Dutech
- Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés; INRA-Université Bordeaux 1; Site de Pierroton 33610 Cestas France
| | - M. Roy
- Evolution et Diversité Biologique; Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier-Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique-CNRS; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - T. Giraud
- Ecologie; Systématique et Evolution; Université Paris-Sud; Bâtiment 360 F-91405 Orsay France
- CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cai Q, Tulloss RE, Tang LP, Tolgor B, Zhang P, Chen ZH, Yang ZL. Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: implications for species diversity and historical biogeography. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:143. [PMID: 24950598 PMCID: PMC4094918 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lethal amanitas (Amanita section Phalloideae) are a group of wild, fatal mushrooms causing many poisoning cases worldwide. However, the diversity and evolutionary history of these lethal mushrooms remain poorly known due to the limited sampling and insufficient gene fragments employed for phylogenetic analyses. In this study, five gene loci (nrLSU, ITS, rpb2, ef1-α and β-tubulin) with a widely geographic sampling from East and South Asia, Europe, North and Central America, South Africa and Australia were analysed with maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. Biochemical analyses were also conducted with intention to detect amatoxins and phalloidin in 14 representative samples. RESULT Lethal amanitas were robustly supported to be a monophyletic group after excluding five species that were provisionally defined as lethal amanitas based on morphological studies. In lethal amanitas, 28 phylogenetic species were recognised by integrating molecular phylogenetic analyses with morphological studies, and 14 of them represented putatively new species. The biochemical analyses indicated a single origin of cyclic peptide toxins (amatoxins and phalloidin) within Amanita and suggested that this kind of toxins seemed to be a synapomorphy of lethal amanitas. Molecular dating through BEAST and biogeographic analyses with LAGRANGE and RASP indicated that lethal amanitas most likely originated in the Palaeotropics with the present crown group dated around 64.92 Mya in the early Paleocene, and the East Asia-eastern North America or Eurasia-North America-Central America disjunct distribution patterns were primarily established during the middle Oligocene to Miocene. CONCLUSION The cryptic diversity found in this study indicates that the species diversity of lethal amanitas is strongly underestimated under the current taxonomy. The intercontinental sister species or sister groups relationships among East Asia and eastern North America or Eurasia-North America-Central America within lethal amanitas are best explained by the diversification model of Palaeotropical origin, dispersal via the Bering Land Bridge, followed by regional vicariance speciation resulting from climate change during the middle Oligocene to the present. These findings indicate the importance of both dispersal and vicariance in shaping the intercontinental distributions of these ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Rodham E Tulloss
- Herbarium Rooseveltensis Amanitarum, P. O. Box 57, Roosevelt, New Jersey 08555-0057, USA
| | - Li P Tang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- School of Pharmacology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bau Tolgor
- Institute of Mycology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zuo H Chen
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhu L Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Nguyen NH, Landeros F, Garibay-Orijel R, Hansen K, Vellinga EC. The Helvella lacunosa species complex in western North America: cryptic species, misapplied names and parasites. Mycologia 2013; 105:1275-86. [PMID: 23709487 DOI: 10.3852/12-391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Based on morphology, fungal species have been considered widespread and as a result names of species from Europe or eastern North America were applied to species in western North America. However, DNA sequences have shown that many western taxa are different from their European counterparts; one such case is presented here. Comparisons of ITS and LSU rDNA sequences from ectomycorrhizal root tips and ascomata of specimens identified as Helvella lacunosa from North America, Europe and Asia revealed that the taxa from western North America and Mexico formed a well supported clade different from the eastern North American, European and Asian taxa. Within this western North American clade there are at least four taxa. Here we describe two of these western taxa as new species: Helvella vespertina and Helvella dryophila. Helvella vespertina is a bigger version of H. lacunosa, is variable in hymenial color and shape and forms ectomycorrhizae with conifers; it fruits typically Oct-Jan. Helvella dryophila is characterized by a dark almost black, squat pileus, a light stipe when young, medium size and forms ectomycorrhizae with Quercus species; it fruits Jan-Jun. Due to insufficient material, the two other Helvella taxa are discussed but not formally described here. We also examined the Hypomyces and other mycoparasites associated with the ascomata of Helvella species and discuss misleadingly labeled sequences in public databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nhu H Nguyen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Wolfe BE, Pringle A. Geographically structured host specificity is caused by the range expansions and host shifts of a symbiotic fungus. THE ISME JOURNAL 2012; 6:745-55. [PMID: 22134645 PMCID: PMC3309363 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The inability to associate with local species may constrain the spread of mutualists arriving to new habitats, but the fates of introduced, microbial mutualists are largely unknown. The deadly poisonous ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita phalloides (the death cap) is native to Europe and introduced to the East and West Coasts of North America. By cataloging host associations across the two continents, we record dramatic changes in specificity among the three ranges. On the East Coast, where the fungus is restricted in its distribution, it associates almost exclusively with pines, which are rarely hosts of A. phalloides in its native range. In California, where the fungus is widespread and locally abundant, it associates almost exclusively with oaks, mirroring the host associations observed in Europe. The most common host of the death cap in California is the endemic coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), and the current distribution of A. phalloides appears constrained within the distribution of Q. agrifolia. In California, host shifts to native plants are also associated with a near doubling in the resources allocated to sexual reproduction and a prolonged fruiting period; mushrooms are twice as large as they are elsewhere and mushrooms are found throughout the year. Host and niche shifts are likely to shape the continuing range expansion of A. phalloides and other ectomycorrhizal fungi introduced across the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Wolfe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Puschner B, Wegenast C. Mushroom Poisoning Cases in Dogs and Cats: Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatotoxic, Neurotoxic, Gastroenterotoxic, Nephrotoxic, and Muscarinic Mushrooms. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2012; 42:375-87, viii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
Jairus T, Mpumba R, Chinoya S, Tedersoo L. Invasion potential and host shifts of Australian and African ectomycorrhizal fungi in mixed eucalypt plantations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:179-187. [PMID: 21627665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
• Transportation of forestry materials results in unintended co-introduction of nonnative species that may cause enormous ecological or economic damage. While the invasion ecology of plants and animals is relatively well-known, that of microorganisms, except aboveground pathogens, remains poorly understood. • This work addresses host shifts and invasion potential of root symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi that were co-introduced with Australian eucalypts and planted in clear-cut miombo woodlands in Zambia, south-central Africa. • By use of rDNA and plastid intron sequence analysis for identification and phylogenetic techniques for inferring fungal origin, we demonstrated that host shifts were uncommon in the Australian fungi, but frequent in the African fungi, especially in mixed plantations where roots of different trees intermingle. • There was evidence for naturalization, but not for invasion by Australian ectomycorrhizal fungi. Nevertheless, the fungi introduced may pose an invasion risk along with further adaptation to local soil environment and host trees. Inoculation of eucalypts with native edible fungi may ameliorate the potential invasion risks of introduced fungi and provide an alternative source of nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teele Jairus
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Stephen Chinoya
- Loloma Mission Hospital, PO Box 100 Manyinga, Kabompo, Zambia
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise Street 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wolfe BE, Kuo M, Pringle A. Amanita thiersii is a saprotrophic fungus expanding its range in the United States. Mycologia 2011; 104:22-33. [PMID: 21914823 DOI: 10.3852/11-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although most species in the genus Amanita form ectomycorrhizal associations, a few are reported to be saprotrophs living in grassland habitats. Little is known about the ecology and distribution of these free-living Amanita species. We describe the ecology of Amanita thiersii, a species commonly collected in lawns throughout the Mississippi River Basin. Stable isotopes of carbon, transcriptomic sequences and patterns of growth on complex carbon sources provide evidence for A. thiersii as a saprotrophic species. Sporocarps of A. thiersii are less depleted in (13)C compared to published data for ectomycorrhizal fungi, supporting a saprotrophic mode of carbon acquisition in the field. Orthologs of cellulase genes known to play key roles in the decomposition of cellulose in other basidiomycetes were identified in a transcriptome of A. thiersii, establishing that this species has the genetic potential to degrade cellulose. Amanita thiersii also can use artificial cellulose or sterile grass litter as a sole carbon source. DNA sequences of three nuclear gene regions and banding patterns from four inter-simple sequence repeat markers were identical across 31 populations from throughout the known range of the species, which suggests the genetic diversity of A. thiersii populations is low. Maps of A. thiersii collections made from the 1950s until present suggest this species is experiencing a range expansion. It was reported first in 1952 in Texas and now occurs in nine states north to Illinois. These data provide an ecological context for interpreting the genome of A. thiersii, currently being sequenced at the United States Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Wolfe
- Harvard University, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Alonso Ponce R, Águeda B, Ágreda T, Modrego MP, Aldea J, Fernández-toirán LM, MartÍnez-peña F. Rockroses and Boletus edulis ectomycorrhizal association: realized niche and climatic suitability in Spain. FUNGAL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
38
|
Cress CM, Malliah A, Herrine SK. Image of the month. Fulminant hepatic failure caused by Amanita phalloides toxicity. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9:A26. [PMID: 20816861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
39
|
The Asian black truffle Tuber indicum can form ectomycorrhizas with North American host plants and complete its life cycle in non-native soils. FUNGAL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
40
|
Litchman E. Invisible invaders: non-pathogenic invasive microbes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2010; 13:1560-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Kennedy P. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and interspecific competition: species interactions, community structure, coexistence mechanisms, and future research directions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 187:895-910. [PMID: 20673286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) ecology has largely developed outside the ecological mainstream, owing in large part to the challenges in studying the structure and dynamics of EMF communities. With advances in molecular identification and other research techniques, however, there has been growing interest among mycologists and ecologists in understanding how different ecological factors affect EMF community structure and diversity. While factors such as soil chemistry and host specificity have long been considered important, an increasing number of laboratory and field studies have documented that interspecific competition also has a major impact on EMF species interactions and may significantly influence EMF community structure. In this review, I examine the progress that has been made in understanding the nature of EMF competition. Currently, there are four conclusions that can be drawn: negative competitive effects are rarely reciprocal; competitive outcomes are environmentally context-dependent; field distributions often reflect competitive interactions; and timing of colonization influences competitive success. In addition, I highlight recent studies documenting links between competitive coexistence and EMF community structure, including checkerboard distributions, lottery models, storage effects, and colonization-competition tradeoffs. Finally, I discuss several aspects of EMF competition needing further investigation and some newer methods with which to address them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kennedy
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR 97219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bever JD, Dickie IA, Facelli E, Facelli JM, Klironomos J, Moora M, Rillig MC, Stock WD, Tibbett M, Zobel M. Rooting theories of plant community ecology in microbial interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2010; 25:468-78. [PMID: 20557974 PMCID: PMC2921684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Predominant frameworks for understanding plant ecology have an aboveground bias that neglects soil micro-organisms. This is inconsistent with recent work illustrating the importance of soil microbes in terrestrial ecology. Microbial effects have been incorporated into plant community dynamics using ideas of niche modification and plant-soil community feedbacks. Here, we expand and integrate qualitative conceptual models of plant niche and feedback to explore implications of microbial interactions for understanding plant community ecology. At the same time we review the empirical evidence for these processes. We also consider common mycorrhizal networks, and propose that these are best interpreted within the feedback framework. Finally, we apply our integrated model of niche and feedback to understanding plant coexistence, monodominance and invasion ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Bever
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dickie IA, Bolstridge N, Cooper JA, Peltzer DA. Co-invasion by Pinus and its mycorrhizal fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 187:475-484. [PMID: 20456067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
*The absence of co-evolved mutualists of plants invading a novel habitat is the logical corollary of the more widely recognized 'enemy escape'. To avoid or overcome the loss of mutualists, plants may co-invade with nonnative mutualists, form novel associations with native mutualists or form associations with native cosmopolitan mutualists, which are native but not novel to the invading plant. *We tested these hypotheses by contrasting the ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with invasive Pinus contorta in New Zealand with co-occurring endemic Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides. *Fungal communities on Pinus were species poor (14 ectomycorrhizal species) and dominated by nonnative (93%) and cosmopolitan fungi (7%). Nothofagus had a species-rich (98 species) fungal community dominated by native Cortinarius and two cosmopolitan fungi. *These results support co-invasion by mutualists rather than novel associations as an important mechanism by which plants avoid or overcome the loss of mutualists, consistent with invasional meltdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Dickie
- Landcare Research, Box 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|