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Yang F, Shen H, Huang T, Yao Q, Hu J, Tang J, Zhang R, Tong H, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Su Q. Flavonoid production in tomato mediates both direct and indirect plant defences against whiteflies in tritrophic interactions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4644-4654. [PMID: 37442806 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of plant flavonoids in direct defences against chewing and sap-sucking herbivorous insects has been extensively characterized. However, little is known about flavonoid-mediated tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivorous insects and natural enemies. In this study, we investigated how flavonoids modulate plant-insect interactions in a tritrophic system involving near-isogenic lines (NILs) of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with high (line NIL-purple hypocotyl [PH]) and low (line NIL-green hypocotyl [GH]) flavonoid levels, with a generalist herbivore whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and its predatory bug (Orius sauteri). RESULTS By contrasting levels of tomato flavonoids (direct defence) while manipulating the presence of predators (indirect defence), we found that high production of flavonoids in tomato was associated with a higher inducibility of direct defences and a stronger plant resistance to whitefly infestation and stimulated the emissions of induced volatile organic compounds, thereby increasing the attractiveness of B. tabaci-infested plants to the predator O. sauteri. Furthermore, suppression of B. tabaci population growth and enhancement of plant growth were mediated directly by the high production of flavonoids and indirectly by the attraction of O. sauteri, and the combined effects were larger than each effect individually. CONCLUSION Our results show that high flavonoid production in tomato enhances herbivore-induced direct and indirect defences to better defend against herbivores in tritrophic interactions. Thus, the development of transgenic plants may present an opportunity to utilize the beneficial role of flavonoids in integrated pest management, while simultaneously maintaining or improving resistance against other pests and pathogens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haowei Shen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qixi Yao
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Tong
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Su
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Leroy N, Martin C, Arguelles Arias A, Cornélis JT, Verheggen FJ. If All Else Fails: Impact of Silicon Accumulation in Maize Leaves on Volatile Emissions and Oviposition Site Selection of Spodoptera exigua Hübner. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:841-849. [PMID: 36302913 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) fertilization alleviates biotic stresses in plants. Si enhances plant resistance against phytophagous insects through physical and biochemical mechanisms. In particular, Si modifies jasmonic acid levels and the emissions of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). Here, we investigated whether Si accumulation in the tissues of maize leaves modifies the emissions of constitutive and herbivore-induced plant volatiles, with cascade deterrent effects on oviposition site selection by Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Maize plants were cultivated in a hydroponic system under three Si concentrations, resulting in three groups of plants expressing different Si concentrations in their tissues (0.31 ± 0.04, 4.69 ± 0.49, and 9.56 ± 0.30 g Si. Kg- 1 DW). We collected volatiles from undamaged and caterpillar-infested plants, and found that Si concentration in plant tissues had no significant impact. Jasmonic acid content was high in insect-infested plants, but was similar across all Si treatments. Oviposition site selection bioassays using fertilized S. exigua females showed that Si concentration in plant tissues did not affect the number of eggs laid on Si-treated plants. In conclusion, our study shows that the Si content in maize tissues does not impact the semiochemical interactions with S. exigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Leroy
- Chemical and behavioral ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Clément Martin
- Chemical and behavioral ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Anthony Arguelles Arias
- Chemical and behavioral ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jean-Thomas Cornélis
- Water-Soil-Plant Exchanges, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Avenue Maréchal Juin 27, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - François J Verheggen
- Chemical and behavioral ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
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3
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Li J, Chen L, Ding X, Fan W, Liu J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Crosstalk between the Abscisic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathways in Rice-Mediated Defense against Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6319. [PMID: 35682997 PMCID: PMC9181446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) impacts both rice yield and quality. The exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) has been previously shown to induce rice resistance to BPH; however, the regulation of rice-mediated defense by these plant growth regulators is unclear. We applied exogenous JA and ABA to rice and analyzed molecular responses to BPH infestation. Nine RNA libraries were sequenced, and 6218 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated and annotated. After ABA + BPH and JA + BPH treatments, 3491 and 2727 DEGs, respectively, were identified when compared with the control (BPH alone). GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the expression of several JA pathway genes (OsAOS2, encoding allene oxide synthase; OsOPR, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase; and OsACOX, acy1-CoA oxidase) were significantly up-regulated after ABA + BPH treatment. Furthermore, exogenous JA increased the expression of genes involved in ABA synthesis. Meanwhile, the expression levels of genes encoding WRKY transcription factors, myelocytomatosis protein 2 (MYC2) and basic leucine zippers (bZIPs) were up-regulated significantly, indicating that ABA and JA might function together to increase the expression of transcription factors during the rice defense response. The DEGs identified in this study provide vital insights into the synergism between ABA and JA and further contribute to the mechanistic basis of rice resistance to BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitong Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (L.C.); (X.D.); (W.F.)
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (L.C.); (X.D.); (W.F.)
| | - Xu Ding
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (L.C.); (X.D.); (W.F.)
| | - Wenyan Fan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (L.C.); (X.D.); (W.F.)
| | - Jinglan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (L.C.); (X.D.); (W.F.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zhang J, Li J, Saeed S, Batchelor WD, Alariqi M, Meng Q, Zhu F, Zou J, Xu Z, Si H, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhu H, Jin S, Yuan D. Identification and Functional Analysis of lncRNA by CRISPR/Cas9 During the Cotton Response to Sap-Sucking Insect Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:784511. [PMID: 35283887 PMCID: PMC8905227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.784511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sap-sucking insects cause severe damage to cotton production. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital regulatory roles in various development processes and stress response, however, the function of lncRNAs during sap-sucking insect infection in cotton is largely unknown. In this study, the transcriptome profiles between resistant (HR) and susceptible (ZS) cotton cultivars under whitefly infestation at different time points (0, 4, 12, 24, and 48 h) were compared. A total of 6,651 lncRNAs transcript and 606 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified from the RNA-seq data. A co-expression network indicated that lncA07 and lncD09 were potential hub genes that play a regulatory role in cotton defense against aphid infestation. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out mutant of lncD09 and lncA07 showed a decrease of jasmonic acid (JA) content, which potentially lead to increased susceptibility toward insect infestation. Differentially expressed genes between wild type and lncRNA knock-out plants are enriched in modulating development and resistance to stimulus. Additionally, some candidate genes such as Ghir_A01G022270, Ghir_D04G014430, and Ghir_A01G022270 are involved in the regulation of the JA-mediated signaling pathway. This result provides a novel insight of the lncRNA role in the cotton defense system against pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Muna Alariqi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingying Meng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuhui Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Zou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Si
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongqiong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaguo Zhu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangxia Jin,
| | - Daojun Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Daojun Yuan,
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5
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Ren J, Peng ZK, Yang ZZ, Tian LX, Liu SN, Wang SL, Wu QJ, Xie W, Zhang YJ. Genome-wide identification and analysis of sulfatase and sulfatase modifying factor genes in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1541-1552. [PMID: 33399267 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The invasive pest whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a complex species, of which Middle East-Minor Asia 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) are the two most damaging members. Previous research showed that cabbage is frequently infested with MEAM1 but seldomly with MED, and this difference in performance is associated with glucosinolate (GS) content. Some insects can modify GS using glucosinolate sulfatase (SULF), the activity of which is regulated by sulfatase modifying factor 1 (SUMF1); therefore, to increase our understanding of different performances of MEAM1 and MED on cabbage plants, we identified and compared nine putative SULFs and one SUMF in MEAM1 and MED. We found that the lengths of two genes, BtSulf2 and BtSulf4, differed between MEAM1 and MED. The messenger RNA levels of BtSulf4 increased more than 20-fold after MEAM1 and MED adults were exposed to GS, but BtSulf2 expression was only induced by GS in MEAM1. Knockdown of BtSulf2 and BtSulf4 in MEAM1 resulted in a substantial increase in the mortality of GS-treated adults but not in MED. These results indicate that differences in BtSulf2 and BtSulf4 sequences and/or expression may explain why MEAM1 performs better than MED on cabbage. Our results provide a basis for future functional research on SULF and SUMF in B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zheng-Ke Peng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ze-Zhong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shao-Nan Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shao-Li Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing-Jun Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - You-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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6
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Fan Y, Sahu SK, Yang T, Mu W, Wei J, Cheng L, Yang J, Liu J, Zhao Y, Lisby M, Liu H. The Clausena lansium (Wampee) genome reveal new insights into the carbazole alkaloids biosynthesis pathway. Genomics 2021; 113:3696-3704. [PMID: 34520805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels (Rutaceae), recognized as wampee, is a widely distributed fruit tree which is utilized as a folk-medicine for treatment of several common diseases. However, the genomic information about this medicinally important species is still lacking. Therefore, we assembled the first genome of Clausena genus with a total length of 310.51 Mb and scaffold N50 of 2.24 Mb by using 10× Genomics technology. Further annotation revealed a total of 34,419 protein-coding genes, while repetitive elements covered 39.08% (121.36 Mb) of the genome. The Clausena and Citrus genus were found to diverge around 22 MYA, and also shared an ancient whole-genome triplication event with Vitis. Furthermore, multi-tissue transcriptomic analysis enabled the identification of genes involved in the synthesis of carbazole alkaloids. Altogether, these findings provided new insights into the genome evolution of Wampee species and highlighted the possible role of key genes involved in the carbazole alkaloids biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Weixue Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jinpu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Le Cheng
- BGI-Yunnan, BGI-Shenzhen, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- BGI-Yunnan, BGI-Shenzhen, Kunming 650106, China; College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Forestry Bureau of Ruili, Yunnan Dehong, Ruili 678600, China
| | | | - Michael Lisby
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Zhang PJ, Zhao C, Ye ZH, Yu XP. Trade-off between defense priming by herbivore-induced plant volatiles and constitutive defense in tomato. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1893-1901. [PMID: 31855313 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) can prime plant defenses and enhance herbivore resistance in neighboring plants. Although a trade-off between constitutive defense and HIPV emission has been documented in many plant species, little is known about the effect of HIPV variation on defense priming, and whether there is a trade-off between defense priming and constitutive defense in neighboring plants. RESULTS Using three tomato genotypes, including two wild types [Moneymaker (MM) and Castlemart (CM)] and one jasmonic acid (JA) overexpression 35S::prosys genotype, we investigated the effects of exposure to volatiles from plants infested by beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) caterpillars on the defenses and resistance of conspecific neighboring plants. We also analyzed the HIPV emissions from the three genotypes and their constitutive defense and resistance. Exposure to volatiles from S. exigua-infested MM plants primed an array of defensive responses (including the accumulation of JA and PI-II protein and the expression of the defense genes PI-I and PI-II), and enhanced plant resistance against the caterpillars. In contrast, exposure to volatiles from S. exigua-infested CM or 35S::prosys did not result in defense priming or an increase in plant resistance. Analyses of HIPVs and gene expression indicated that defense priming in MM was due to enhanced emission of β-ocimene and linalool. We further demonstrated that levels of constitutive defense and resistance are low in MM and high in CM and 35S::prosys, suggesting a negative correlation between defense priming and constitutive defense. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there is a trade-off between defense priming by HIPVs and constitutive defense in tomato. This suggests that defense priming should be used with caution in agriculture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Jun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chan Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hong Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Ge J, Li N, Yang J, Wei J, Kang L. Female adult puncture-induced plant volatiles promote mating success of the pea leafminer via enhancing vibrational signals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180318. [PMID: 30967018 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) synergize with the sex pheromones of herbivorous insects to facilitate mate location. However, the synergism of HIPVs and acoustic signals for sexual communication remains unknown. Here, we investigated the synergy between HIPVs and vibrational duets for sexual communication and mating in the pea leafminer ( Liriomyza huidobrensis). Our results indicated that adult leafminers do not produce species-specific pheromone, and female-puncture-induced plant volatiles facilitate the attraction of both sexes to host plant leaves and sexual encounters. Insect-derived cues do not participate in mate locations. Both sexes do not produce qualitatively different cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), and CHCs from females cannot elicit the antennal and behavioural responses of males. By contrast, induced green leaf volatiles, terpenoids and oximes elicit dramatic antennal responses in both sexes. Electrophysiological and behavioural tests consistently showed that the volatiles (Z)-3-hexenol and (Z)-3-hexenyl-acetate elicited the most intense gas chromatographic-electroantennographic responses, and attracted males and females. Remarkably, these volatiles significantly promoted the occurrence of vibrational duets between the sexes, thereby increasing the mating success of leafminers. Therefore, the synergism of HIPVs and vibrational signals largely promoted the mating success of leafminers, suggesting an alternative control strategy through precision trapping for non-pheromone-producing insects. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ge
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Wei
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080 , People's Republic of China
| | - Le Kang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080 , People's Republic of China.,2 Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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Cui H, Sun Y, Zhao Z, Zhang Y. The Combined Effect of Elevated O3 Levels and TYLCV Infection Increases the Fitness of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean on Tomato Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:1425-1433. [PMID: 31586399 PMCID: PMC6885742 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Global change and biotic stress, such as tropospheric contamination and virus infection, can individually modify the quality of host plants, thereby altering the palatability of the plant for herbivorous insects. The bottom-up effects of elevated O3 and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection on tomato plants and the associated performance of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) were determined in open-top chambers. Elevated O3 decreased eight amino acid levels and increased the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content and the gene expression of pathogenesis-related protein (PR1) and proteinase inhibitor (PI1) in both wild-type (CM) and JA defense-deficient tomato genotype (spr2). TYLCV infection and the combination of elevated O3 and TYLCV infection increased eight amino acids levels, SA content and PR1 expression, and decreased JA content and PI1 expression in both tomato genotypes. In uninfected tomato, elevated O3 increased developmental time and decreased fecundity by 6.1 and 18.8% in the CM, respectively, and by 6.8 and 18.9% in the spr2, respectively. In TYLCV-infected tomato, elevated O3 decreased developmental time and increased fecundity by 4.6 and 14.2%, respectively, in the CM and by 4.3 and 16.8%, respectively, in the spr2. These results showed that the interactive effects of elevated O3 and TYLCV infection partially increased the amino acid content and weakened the JA-dependent defense, resulting in increased population fitness of MED on tomato plants. This study suggests that whiteflies would be more successful at TYLCV-infected plants than at uninfected plants in elevated O3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cui
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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10
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Ge J, Wei J, Tao Y, Kang L. Sexual cooperation relies on food controlled by females in agromyzid flies. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Li Q, Sun Z, Shi Q, Wang R, Xu C, Wang H, Song Y, Zeng R. RNA-Seq Analyses of Midgut and Fat Body Tissues Reveal the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Spodoptera litura Resistance to Tomatine. Front Physiol 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 30723417 PMCID: PMC6349761 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce secondary metabolites to provide chemical defense against herbivorous insects, whereas insects can induce the expression of detoxification metabolism-related unigenes in counter defense to plant xenobiotics. Tomatine is an important secondary metabolite in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) that can protect the plant from bacteria and insects. However, the mechanism underlying the adaptation of Spodoptera litura, a major tomato pest, to tomatine in tomato is largely unclear. In this study, we first found that the levels of tomatine in tomatoes subjected to S. litura treatment were significantly increased. Second, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of tomatine on S. litura by adding moderate amounts of commercial tomatine to an artificial diet. Then, we utilized RNA-Seq to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the midgut and fat body tissues of S. litura exposed to an artificial diet supplemented with tomatine. In total, upon exposure to tomatine, 134 and 666 genes were upregulated in the S. litura midgut and fat body, respectively. These DEGs comprise a significant number of detoxification-related genes, including 7 P450 family genes, 8 glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes, 6 ABC transport enzyme genes, 9 UDP-glucosyltransferases genes and 3 carboxylesterases genes. Moreover, KEGG analysis demonstrated that the upregulated genes were enriched in xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450s, ABC transporters and drug metabolism by other enzymes. Furthermore, as numerous GSTs were induced by tomatine in S. litura, we chose one gene, namely GSTS1, to confirm the detoxification function on tomatine. Expression profiling revealed that GSTS1 transcripts were mainly expressed in larvae, and the levels were the highest in the midgut. Finally, when larvae were injected with double-stranded RNA specific to GSTS1, the transcript levels in the midgut and fat body decreased, and the negative effect of the plant xenobiotic tomatine on larval growth was magnified. These results preliminarily clarified the molecular mechanism underlying the resistance of S. litura to tomatine, establishing a foundation for subsequent pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Li
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Shi
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Xu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Ameye M, Allmann S, Verwaeren J, Smagghe G, Haesaert G, Schuurink RC, Audenaert K. Green leaf volatile production by plants: a meta-analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:666-683. [PMID: 28665020 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
666 I. Introduction 667 II. Biosynthesis 667 III. Meta-analysis 669 IV. The type of stress influences the total amount of GLVs released 669 V. Herbivores can modulate the wound-induced release of GLVs 669 VI. Fungal infection greatly induces GLV production 672 VII. Monocots and eudicots respond differentially to different types of stress 673 VIII. The type of stress does not influence the proportion of GLVs per chemical class 673 IX. The type of stress does influence the isomeric ratio within each chemical class 674 X. GLVs: from signal perception to signal transduction 676 XI. GLVs influence the C/N metabolism 677 XII. Interaction with plant hormones 678 XIII. General conclusions and unanswered questions 678 Acknowledgements 679 References 679 SUMMARY: Plants respond to stress by releasing biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which are abundantly produced across the plant kingdom, comprise an important group within the BVOCs. They can repel or attract herbivores and their natural enemies; and they can induce plant defences or prime plants for enhanced defence against herbivores and pathogens and can have direct toxic effects on bacteria and fungi. Unlike other volatiles, GLVs are released almost instantly upon mechanical damage and (a)biotic stress and could thus function as an immediate and informative signal for many organisms in the plant's environment. We used a meta-analysis approach in which data from the literature on GLV production during biotic stress responses were compiled and interpreted. We identified that different types of attackers and feeding styles add a degree of complexity to the amount of emitted GLVs, compared with wounding alone. This meta-analysis illustrates that there is less variation in the GLV profile than we presumed, that pathogens induce more GLVs than insects and wounding, and that there are clear differences in GLV emission between monocots and dicots. Besides the meta-analysis, this review provides an update on recent insights into the perception and signalling of GLVs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Ameye
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Silke Allmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94215, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Verwaeren
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94215, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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TPS Genes Silencing Alters Constitutive Indirect and Direct Defense in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092748. [PMID: 30217050 PMCID: PMC6163538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following herbivore attacks, plants modify a blend of volatiles organic compounds (VOCs) released, resulting in the attraction of their antagonists. However, volatiles released constitutively may affect herbivores and natural enemies' fitness too. In tomato there is still a lack of information on the genetic bases responsible for the constitutive release of VOC involved in direct and indirect defenses. Here we studied the constitutive emissions related to the two most abundant sesquiterpene synthase genes expressed in tomato and their functional role in plant defense. Using an RNA interference approach, we silenced the expression of TPS9 and TPS12 genes and assessed the effect of this transformation on herbivores and parasitoids. We found that silenced plants displayed a different constitutive volatiles emission from controls, resulting in reduced attractiveness for the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi and in an impaired development of Spodoptera exigua larvae. We discussed these data considering the transcriptional regulation of key-genes involved in the pathway of VOC metabolism. We provide several lines of evidence on the metabolic flux from terpenoids to phenylpropanoids. Our results shed more light on constitutive defenses mediated by plant volatiles and on the molecular mechanisms involved in their metabolic regulation.
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14
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Kasal-Slavik T, Eschweiler J, Kleist E, Mumm R, Goldbach HE, Schouten A, Wildt J. Early biotic stress detection in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by BVOC emissions. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 144:180-188. [PMID: 28946050 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated impacts of early and mild biotic stress on Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) emissions from tomato in order to test their potential for early (biotic) stress detection. Tomato plants were exposed to two common fungal pathogens, Botrytis cinerea and Oidium neolycopesici and the sap-sucking aphid Myzus persicae. Furthermore, plants were exposed to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in order to identify BVOC emissions related to activation of jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway. These emissions where then used as a reference for identifying active JA signalling pathway in plants at early stages of biotic stress. After infection by the necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea, changes in BVOC emissions indicated that tomato plants had predominantly activated the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway. The plants were able to modify their defence pathways in order to overcome fungal infection. When tomato plants were infected with the biotrophic fungus O. neolycopersici, only minor changes in BVOC emissions were observed with additional emissions of the sesquiterpene α-copaene. α-copaene emissions allowed the identification of general biotic stress in the plants, without pinpointing the actual triggered defence pathway. BVOC emissions during M. persicae attack had changed before the occurrence of visual symptoms. Despite low infestation rates, plants emitted methyl salicylate indicating activation of the SA-mediated defence pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kasal-Slavik
- Department of Plant Nutrition, INRES, Universität Bonn, Karlrobert Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany; Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Julia Eschweiler
- Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, INRES, Universität Bonn, Karlrobert Kreiten Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Einhard Kleist
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Mumm
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Centre for BioSystems Genomics, 6700AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner E Goldbach
- Department of Plant Nutrition, INRES, Universität Bonn, Karlrobert Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Schouten
- Laboratory of Nematology, Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Wildt
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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15
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Cui H, Guo L, Wang S, Xie W, Jiao X, Wu Q, Zhang Y. The ability to manipulate plant glucosinolates and nutrients explains the better performance of Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 than Mediterranean on cabbage plants. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6141-6150. [PMID: 28861220 PMCID: PMC5574797 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of herbivorous insects is greatly affected by host chemical defenses and nutritional quality. Some herbivores have developed the ability to manipulate plant defenses via signaling pathways. It is currently unclear, however, whether a herbivore can benefit by simultaneously reducing plant defenses and enhancing plant nutritional quality. Here, we show that the better performance of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle East‐Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1; formerly the “B” biotype) than Mediterranean (MED; formerly the “Q” biotype) on cabbage is associated with a suppression of glucosinolate (GS) content and an increase in amino acid supply in MEAM1‐infested cabbage compared with MED‐infested cabbage. MEAM1 had higher survival, higher fecundity, higher intrinsic rate of increase (rm), a longer life span, and a shorter developmental time than MED on cabbage plants. Amino acid content was higher in cabbage infested with MEAM1 than MED. Although infestation by either biotype decreased the levels of total GS, aliphatic GS, glucoiberin, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, and 4OH‐glucobrassicin, and the expression of related genes in cabbage, MED infestation increased the levels of 4ME‐glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, progoitrin, and glucoraphanin. The GS content and expression of GS‐related genes were higher in cabbage infested with MED than with MEAM1. Our results suggest that MEAM1 performs better than MED on cabbage by manipulating host defenses and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cui
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Litao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoguo Jiao
- College of Life Science Hubei University Wuhan China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
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16
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Li Y, Weldegergis BT, Chamontri S, Dicke M, Gols R. Does Aphid Infestation Interfere with Indirect Plant Defense against Lepidopteran Caterpillars in Wild Cabbage? J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:493-505. [PMID: 28405915 PMCID: PMC5487765 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Attraction of parasitoids to plant volatiles induced by multiple herbivory depends on the specific combinations of attacking herbivore species, especially when their feeding modes activate different defense signalling pathways as has been reported for phloem feeding aphids and tissue feeding caterpillars. We studied the effects of pre-infestation with non-host aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) for two different time periods on the ability of two parasitoid species to discriminate between volatiles emitted by plants infested by host caterpillars alone and those emitted by plants infested with host caterpillars plus aphids. Using plants originating from three chemically distinct wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea) populations, Diadegma semiclausum switched preference for dually infested plants to preference for plants infested with Plutella xylostella hosts alone when the duration of pre-aphid infestation doubled from 7 to 14 days. Microplitis mediator, a parasitoid of Mamestra brassicae caterpillars, preferred dually-infested plants irrespective of aphid-infestation duration. Separation of the volatile blends emitted by plants infested with hosts plus aphids or with hosts only was poor, based on multivariate statistics. However, emission rates of individual compounds were often reduced in plants infested with aphids plus hosts compared to those emitted by plants infested with hosts alone. This effect depended on host caterpillar species and plant population and was little affected by aphid infestation duration. Thus, the interactive effect of aphids and hosts on plant volatile production and parasitoid attraction can be dynamic and parasitoid specific. The characteristics of the multi-component volatile blends that determine parasitoid attraction are too complex to be deduced from simple correlative statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehua Li
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berhane T Weldegergis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Surachet Chamontri
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Liu J, Zhu J, Zhang P, Han L, Reynolds OL, Zeng R, Wu J, Shao Y, You M, Gurr GM. Silicon Supplementation Alters the Composition of Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles and Enhances Attraction of Parasitoids to Infested Rice Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1265. [PMID: 28769965 PMCID: PMC5515826 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is important in plant defenses that operate in a direct manner against herbivores, and work in rice (Oryza sativa) has established that this is mediated by the jasmonate signaling pathway. Plant defenses also operate indirectly, by the production of herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that attract predators and parasitoids of herbivores. These indirect defenses too are mediated by the jasmonate pathway but no earlier work has demonstrated an effect of Si on HIPVs. In this study, we tested the effect of Si supplementation versus Si deprivation to rice plants on subsequent HIPV production following feeding by the important pest, rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed lower production of α-bergamotene, β-sesquiohellandrene, hexanal 2-ethyl, and cedrol from +Si herbivore-infested plants compared with -Si infested plants. These changes in plant chemistry were ecologically significant in altering the extent to which parasitoids were attracted to infested plants. Adult females of Trathala flavo-orbitalis and Microplitis mediator both exhibited greater attraction to the HIPV blend of +Si plants infested with their respective insect hosts compared to -Si infested plants. In equivalent studies using RNAi rice plants in which jasmonate perception was silenced there was no equivalent change to the HIPV blend associated with Si treatment; indicating that the effects of Si on HIPVs are modulated by the jasmonate pathway. Further, this work demonstrates that silicon alters the HIPV blend of herbivore-infested rice plants. The significance of this finding is that there are no earlier-published studies of this phenomenon in rice or any other plant species. Si treatment to crops offers scope for enhancing induced, indirect defenses and associated biological control of pests because parasitoids are more strongly attracted by the HIPVs produced by +Si plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, OrangeNSW, Australia
| | - Jiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Pengjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Olivia L. Reynolds
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, MenangleNSW, Australia
| | - Rensen Zeng
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yue Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Geoff M. Gurr
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, OrangeNSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Geoff M. Gurr,
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18
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Cui H, Wei J, Su J, Li C, Ge F. Elevated O 3 increases volatile organic compounds via jasmonic acid pathway that promote the preference of parasitoid Encarsia formosa for tomato plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 253:243-250. [PMID: 27968993 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The elevated atmospheric O3 level may change the interactions of plants and insects, which potentially affects direct and indirect plant defences. However, the underlying mechanism of the impact of elevated O3 on indirect plant defence, namely the efficacy of natural enemies, is unclear. Here we tested a hypothesis that linked the effects of elevated O3 and whitefly herbivory on tomato volatile releases mediated by the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway with the preferences of parasitoid Encarsia formosa for two different tomato genotypes (wild-type (Wt) and JA-deficient genotype (spr2)). The O3 and whitefly herbivory significantly increased the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including monoterpenes and green leaf volatiles (GLVs). The Wt plants released higher volatile levels, particularly monoterpenes, than did the spr2 plants. In Y-tube tests, limonene and Z-3-hexanol played key roles in the attraction of E. formosa. Moreover, regardless of plant genotype, the two plant genotypes were preferred by adult E. formosa under the O3 and O3+ herbivory treatments. Our results suggest that under elevated O3, the activation of the JA pathway significantly up-regulates the emission rates of volatiles, through which the efficacy of natural enemy might be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jianing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jianwei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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19
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Cui H, Sun Y, Chen F, Zhang Y, Ge F. Elevated O₃ and TYLCV Infection Reduce the Suitability of Tomato as a Host for the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1964. [PMID: 27916792 PMCID: PMC5187764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of elevated atmospheric ozone (O₃) levels on herbivorous insects have been well studied, but little is known about the combined effects of elevated O₃ and virus infection on herbivorous insect performance. Using open-top chambers in the field, we determined the effects of elevated O₃ and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection on wild-type (Wt) tomato and 35S tomato (jasmonic acid (JA) defense-enhanced genotype) in association with whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius biotype B. Elevated O₃ and TYLCV infection, alone and in combination, significantly reduced the contents of soluble sugars and free amino acids, increased the contents of total phenolics and condensed tannins, and increased salicylic acid (SA) content and the expression of SA-related genes in leaves. The JA signaling pathway was upregulated by elevated O₃, but downregulated by TYLCV infection and O₃ + TYLCV infection. Regardless of plant genotype, elevated O₃, TYLCV infection, or O₃ + TYLCV infection significantly decreased B. tabaci fecundity and abundance. These results suggest that elevated O₃ and TYLCV infection, alone and in combination, reduce the nutrients available for B. tabaci, increase SA content and SA-related gene expression, and increase secondary metabolites, resulting in decreases in fecundity and abundance of B. tabaci in both tomato genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cui
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Kammerhofer N, Egger B, Dobrev P, Vankova R, Hofmann J, Schausberger P, Wieczorek K. Systemic above- and belowground cross talk: hormone-based responses triggered by Heterodera schachtii and shoot herbivores in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:7005-17. [PMID: 26324462 PMCID: PMC4765779 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Above- and belowground plant parts are simultaneously attacked by different pests and pathogens. The host mediates these interactions and physiologically reacts, e.g. with local and systemic alterations of endogenous hormone levels coupled with coordinated transcriptional changes. This in turn affects attractiveness and susceptibility of the plant to subsequent attackers. Here, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is used to study stress hormone-based systemic responses triggered by simultaneous root parasitism by the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii and shoot herbivory by the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. First, HPLC/MS and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR are used to show that nematode parasitism strongly affects stress hormone levels and expression of hormone marker genes in shoots. Previous nematode infection is then demonstrated to affect the behavioural and life history performance of both arthropods. While thrips explicitly avoid nematode-infected plants, spider mites prefer them. In addition, the life history performance of T. urticae is significantly enhanced by nematode infection. Finally, systemic changes triggered by shoot-feeding F. occidentalis but not T. urticae are shown to make the roots more attractive for H. schachtii. This work emphasises the importance of above- and belowground signalling and contributes to a better understanding of plant systemic defence mechanisms against plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kammerhofer
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, UFT Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Barbara Egger
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, UFT Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Hofmann
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, UFT Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Peter Schausberger
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, UFT Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Zhang PJ, Huang F, Zhang JM, Wei JN, Lu YB. The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis suppresses plant defense responses by manipulating JA-SA crosstalk. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9354. [PMID: 25790868 PMCID: PMC4366759 DOI: 10.1038/srep09354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced plant defenses against herbivores are modulated by jasmonic acid-, salicylic acid-, and ethylene-signaling pathways. Although there is evidence that some pathogens suppress plant defenses by interfering with the crosstalk between different signaling pathways, such evidence is scarce for herbivores. Here, we demonstrate that the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis suppresses the induced defenses in tomato. We found that exogenous JA, but not SA, significantly decreased mealybug feeding time and reduced nymphal performance. In addition, constitutive activation of JA signaling in 35s::prosys plants reduced mealybug survival. These data indicate that the JA signaling pathway plays a key role in mediating the defense responses against P. solenopsis. We also found that mealybug feeding decreased JA production and JA-dependent defense gene expression, but increased SA accumulation and SA-dependent gene expression. In SA-deficient plants, mealybug feeding did not suppress but activated JA accumulation, indicating that the suppression of JA-regulated defenses depends on the SA signaling pathway. Mealybugs benefit from suppression of JA-regulated defenses by exhibiting enhanced nymphal performance. These findings confirm that P. solenopsis manipulates plants for its own benefits by modulating the JA-SA crosstalk and thereby suppressing induced defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Jun Zhang
- 1] Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection &Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China [2] State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jin-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jia-Ning Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects &Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yao-Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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22
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Gols R. Direct and indirect chemical defences against insects in a multitrophic framework. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1741-52. [PMID: 24588731 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites play an important role in mediating interactions with insect herbivores and their natural enemies. Metabolites stored in plant tissues are usually investigated in relation to herbivore behaviour and performance (direct defence), whereas volatile metabolites are often studied in relation to natural enemy attraction (indirect defence). However, so-called direct and indirect defences may also affect the behaviour and performance of the herbivore's natural enemies and the natural enemy's prey or hosts, respectively. This suggests that the distinction between these defence strategies may not be as black and white as is often portrayed in the literature. The ecological costs associated with direct and indirect chemical defence are often poorly understood. Chemical defence traits are often studied in two-species interactions in highly simplified experiments. However, in nature, plants and insects are often engaged in mutualistic interactions with microbes that may also affect plant secondary chemistry. Moreover, plants are challenged by threats above- and belowground and herbivory may have consequences for plant-insect multitrophic interactions in the alternative compartment mediated by changes in plant secondary chemistry. These additional associations further increase the complexity of interaction networks. Consequently, the effect of a putative defence trait may be under- or overestimated when other interactions are not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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23
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Wei J, van Loon JJA, Gols R, Menzel TR, Li N, Kang L, Dicke M. Reciprocal crosstalk between jasmonate and salicylate defence-signalling pathways modulates plant volatile emission and herbivore host-selection behaviour. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3289-98. [PMID: 24759882 PMCID: PMC4071845 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathways, which mediate induced plant defence responses, can express negative crosstalk. Limited knowledge is available on the effects of this crosstalk on host-plant selection behaviour of herbivores. We report on temporal and dosage effects of such crosstalk on host preference and oviposition-site selection behaviour of the herbivorous spider mite Tetranychus urticae towards Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) plants, including underlying mechanisms. Behavioural observations reveal a dynamic temporal response of mites to single or combined applications of JA and SA to the plant, including attraction and repellence, and an antagonistic interaction between SA- and JA-mediated plant responses. Dose-response experiments show that concentrations of 0.001mM and higher of one phytohormone can neutralize the repellent effect of a 1mM application of the other phytohormone on herbivore behaviour. Moreover, antagonism between the two signal-transduction pathways affects phytohormone-induced volatile emission. Our multidisciplinary study reveals the dynamic plant phenotype that is modulated by subtle changes in relative phytohormonal titres and consequences for the dynamic host-plant selection by an herbivore. The longer-term effects on plant-herbivore interactions deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wei
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
| | - Joop J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tila R Menzel
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Cui H, Su J, Wei J, Hu Y, Ge F. Elevated O₃ enhances the attraction of whitefly-infested tomato plants to Encarsia formosa. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5350. [PMID: 24939561 PMCID: PMC4061550 DOI: 10.1038/srep05350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We experimentally examined the effects of elevated O₃ and whitefly herbivory on tomato volatiles, feeding and oviposition preferences of whiteflies and behavioural responses of Encarsia formosa to these emissions on two tomato genotypes, a wild-type (Wt) and a jasmonic acid (JA) defence-enhanced genotype (JA-OE, 35S). The O₃ level and whitefly herbivory significantly increased the total amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), monoterpenes, green leaf volatiles (GLVs), and aldehyde volatiles produced by tomato plants. The 35S plants released higher amount of total VOCs and monoterpene volatiles than Wt plants under O₃+herbivory treatments. The feeding and oviposition bioassays showed that control plants were preferred by adult whiteflies whereas the 35S plants were not preferred by whiteflies. In the Y-tube tests, O₃+herbivory treatment genotypes were preferred by adult E. Formosa. The 35S plants were preferred by adult E. formosa under O₃, herbivory and O₃+herbivory treatments. Our results demonstrated that elevated O₃ and whitefly herbivory significantly increased tomato volatiles, which attracted E. formosa and reduced whitefly feeding. The 35S plants had a higher resistance to B. tabaci than Wt plant. Such changes suggest that the direct and indirect defences of resistant genotypes, such as 35S, could strengthen as the atmospheric O₃ concentration increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR of China
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Hubei 434023, PR of China
| | - Jianwei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR of China
| | - Jianing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR of China
| | - Yongjian Hu
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan 450002, PR of China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR of China
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25
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Tahmasebi Z, Mohammadi H, Arimura GI, Muroi A, Kant MR. Herbivore-induced indirect defense across bean cultivars is independent of their degree of direct resistance. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2014; 63:217-39. [PMID: 24531863 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We tested the extent to which resistance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae parallels the extent to which these plants display indirect defenses via the induced attraction of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. First, via field and greenhouse trials on 19 commercial bean cultivars, we selected two spider mite-resistant (Naz and Ks41128) and two susceptible (Akthar and G11867) cultivars and measured the spider mite-induced volatiles and the subsequently induced attraction of predatory mites via olfactory choice assays. The two major volatiles, 4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT) and (Z)-3-hexenyl-acetate, were induced in the resistant but not in the susceptible cultivars. However, uninfested susceptible cultivars emitted these volatiles at levels similar to those of mite-infested resistant cultivars. Significant induction of several minor components was observed for all four cultivars except for the infested-susceptible cultivar G11867. Both, the spider mite-resistant cultivar Naz and the susceptible cultivar G11867, attracted more predatory mites when they were infested. In contrast, spider mites induced increased emission of two major and five minor volatiles in Ks41128, but predatory mites did not discriminate between infested and uninfested plants. Overall, the attraction of predatory mites appeared to correlate positively with the presence of TMTT and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and negatively with β-caryophyllene and α-pinene in the bean headspace. Taken together, our data suggest that resistance and attraction of natural enemies via induced volatiles are independent traits. We argue that it should be possible to cross predator-attraction promoting traits into resistant cultivars that lack sufficiently inducible indirect defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tahmasebi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran,
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26
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Intake and transformation to a glycoside of (Z)-3-hexenol from infested neighbors reveals a mode of plant odor reception and defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:7144-9. [PMID: 24778218 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1320660111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants receive volatile compounds emitted by neighboring plants that are infested by herbivores, and consequently the receiver plants begin to defend against forthcoming herbivory. However, to date, how plants receive volatiles and, consequently, how they fortify their defenses, is largely unknown. In this study, we found that undamaged tomato plants exposed to volatiles emitted by conspecifics infested with common cutworms (exposed plants) became more defensive against the larvae than those exposed to volatiles from uninfested conspecifics (control plants) in a constant airflow system under laboratory conditions. Comprehensive metabolite analyses showed that only the amount of (Z)-3-hexenylvicianoside (HexVic) was higher in exposed than control plants. This compound negatively affected the performance of common cutworms when added to an artificial diet. The aglycon of HexVic, (Z)-3-hexenol, was obtained from neighboring infested plants via the air. The amount of jasmonates (JAs) was not higher in exposed plants, and HexVic biosynthesis was independent of JA signaling. The use of (Z)-3-hexenol from neighboring damaged conspecifics for HexVic biosynthesis in exposed plants was also observed in an experimental field, indicating that (Z)-3-hexenol intake occurred even under fluctuating environmental conditions. Specific use of airborne (Z)-3-hexenol to form HexVic in undamaged tomato plants reveals a previously unidentified mechanism of plant defense.
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27
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Zhang PJ, Xu CX, Zhang JM, Lu YB, Wei JN, Liu YQ, David A, Boland W, Turlings TCJ. Phloem-feeding whiteflies can fool their host plants, but not their parasitoids. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Cai-Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Jin-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yao-Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jia-Ning Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yin-Quan Liu
- Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Anja David
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Ted C. J. Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE); University of Neuchâtel; CH-2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
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28
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Zhang PJ, Broekgaarden C, Zheng SJ, Snoeren TAL, van Loon JJA, Gols R, Dicke M. Jasmonate and ethylene signaling mediate whitefly-induced interference with indirect plant defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:1291-1299. [PMID: 23311965 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon herbivore attack, plants activate an indirect defense, that is, the release of a complex mixture of volatiles that attract natural enemies of the herbivore. When plants are simultaneously exposed to two herbivore species belonging to different feeding guilds, one herbivore may interfere with the indirect plant defense induced by the other herbivore. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underlying such interference. Here, we address the effect of herbivory by the phloem-feeding whitefly Bemisia tabaci on the induced indirect defense of Arabidopsis thaliana plants to Plutella xylostella caterpillars, that is, the attraction of the parasitoid wasp Diadegma semiclausum. Assays with various Arabidopsis mutants reveal that B. tabaci infestation interferes with indirect plant defense induced by P. xylostella, and that intact jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling are required for such interference caused by B. tabaci. Chemical analysis of plant volatiles showed that the composition of the blend emitted in response to the caterpillars was significantly altered by co-infestation with whiteflies. Moreover, whitefly infestation also had a considerable effect on the transcriptomic response of the plant to the caterpillars. Understanding the mechanisms underlying a plant's responses to multiple attackers will be important for the development of crop protection strategies in a multi-attacker context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Colette Broekgaarden
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Si-Jun Zheng
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd A L Snoeren
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joop J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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29
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Wei J, Yan L, Ren Q, Li C, Ge F, Kang LE. Antagonism between herbivore-induced plant volatiles and trichomes affects tritrophic interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:315-27. [PMID: 22789006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We used tomato genotypes deficient in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway to study the interaction between the production of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that serve as information cues for herbivores as well as natural enemies of herbivores, and the production of foliar trichomes as defence barriers. We found that jasmonic acid-insensitive1 (jai1) mutant plants with both reduced HIPVs and trichome production received higher oviposition of adult leafminers, which were more likely to be parasitized by the leafminer parasitoids than JA biosynthesis spr2 mutant plants deficient in HIPVs but not trichomes. We also showed that the preference and acceptance of leafminers and parasitoids to trichome-removed plants from either spr2 or wild-type (WT) genotypes over trichome-intact genotypes can be ascribed to the reduced trichomes on treated plants, but not to altered direct and indirect defence traits such as JA, proteinase inhibitor (PI)-II and HIPVs levels. Although the HIPVs of WT plants were more attractive to adult insects, the insects preferred trichome-free jai1 plants for oviposition and also had greater reproductive success on these plants. Our results provide strong evidence that antagonism between HIPV emission and trichome production affects tritrophic interactions. The interactions among defence traits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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30
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Pineda A, Soler R, Weldegergis BT, Shimwela MM, VAN Loon JJA, Dicke M. Non-pathogenic rhizobacteria interfere with the attraction of parasitoids to aphid-induced plant volatiles via jasmonic acid signalling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:393-404. [PMID: 22812443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial soil-borne microbes, such as mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobacteria, can affect the interactions of plants with aboveground insects at several trophic levels. While the mechanisms of interactions with herbivorous insects, that is, the second trophic level, are starting to be understood, it remains unknown how plants mediate the interactions between soil microbes and carnivorous insects, that is, the third trophic level. Using Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 and the aphid Myzus persicae, we evaluate here the underlying mechanisms involved in the plant-mediated interaction between the non-pathogenic rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae, by combining ecological, chemical and molecular approaches. Rhizobacterial colonization modifies the composition of the blend of herbivore-induced plant volatiles. The volatile blend from rhizobacteria-treated aphid-infested plants is less attractive to an aphid parasitoid, in terms of both olfactory preference behaviour and oviposition, than the volatile blend from aphid-infested plants without rhizobacteria. Importantly, the effect of rhizobacteria on both the emission of herbivore-induced volatiles and parasitoid response to aphid-infested plants is lost in an Arabidopsis mutant (aos/dde2-2) that is impaired in jasmonic acid production. By modifying the blend of herbivore-induced plant volatiles that depend on the jasmonic acid-signalling pathway, root-colonizing microbes interfere with the attraction of parasitoids of leaf herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pineda
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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31
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Wei J, Kang L. Roles of (Z)-3-hexenol in plant-insect interactions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:369-71. [PMID: 21346418 PMCID: PMC3142417 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.3.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf C6-volatiles are among the most important herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). They play important roles in mediating the behavior of herbivores and their natural enemies, and in triggering the plant-plant communication to prevent further attacks. Recently, wound-induced ubiquitous (Z)-3-hexenol, a C6-alcohol synthesized in the lipoxygenase/HPL pathway, was proved to be the most important infochemical for the herbivore repellence/attraction and natural enemy attraction in tritrophic interactions, as well as for the induction of gene expression in neighboring unattacked plants. In spite of the conflict functions of (Z)-3-hexenol in direct and indirect plant defenses, its positive roles in the indirect defense and the priming effect are consistent. Therefore, this compound can be used to develop novel insect pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P R China
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