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Hu X, Meng Z, He Q. Choice overload interferes with early processing and necessitates late compensation: Evidence from electroencephalogram. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2995-3008. [PMID: 38575329 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Having a multitude of choices can be advantageous, yet an abundance of options can be detrimental to the decision-making process. Based on existing research, the present study combined electroencephalogram and self-reported methodologies to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of choice overload. Behavioural data suggested that an increase in the number of options led to negative evaluations and avoidance of choice tendencies, even in the absence of time pressure. Event-related potential results indicated that the large choice set interfered with the early visual process, as evidenced by the small P1 amplitude, and failed to attract more attentional resources in the early stage, as evidenced by the small amplitude of P2 and N2. However, the LPC amplitude was increased in the late stage, suggesting greater investment of attentional resources and higher emotional arousal. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed that the difference between small and large choice set began at around 120 ms, and the early and late stages were characterised by opposite activation patterns. This suggested that too many options interfered with early processing and necessitate continued processing at a later stage. In summary, both behavioural and event-related potential (ERP) results confirm the choice overload effect, and it was observed that individuals tend to subjectively exaggerate the choice overload effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zong Meng
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Goodman RJ, Quaglia JT, Berry DR. Uncertainty cues amplify late positive potential responses to aversive emotional stimuli. Soc Neurosci 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38822767 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2024.2358558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Uncertainty is unavoidable, and maladaptive responses to uncertainty may underlie the etiology and maintenance of psychopathology. A general tendency to associate uncertainty with aversive consequences, a type of covariation bias, can amplify aversive emotional experiences. To address questions about uncertainty during emotion regulation, we examined the Late Positive Potential (LPP) - an electrocortical marker of attention to and appraisal of motivationally relevant emotional stimuli - during a task designed to measure the effect of covariation bias and its emotional response consequences. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants (N = 52) were presented with a pre-stimulus cue that either conveyed information about the valence of an upcoming emotional image, or left them in ambiguity. We replicated findings that demonstrate expectancy biases in a priori and online expectancies of emotion-eliciting images, as well as in a posteriori estimates for concurrence of uncertainty cues and aversive images. Moreover, we demonstrate a novel finding that uncertainty cues amplify the LPP in response to subsequent aversive emotional stimuli. These findings advance research by conjoining existing emotion regulation research on the LPP with study of the effects of uncertainty on emotional appraisal and highlight the importance of accounting for stimulus uncertainty in emotion regulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Goodman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Jordan T Quaglia
- Department of Contemplative Psychology, Naropa University, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel R Berry
- Department of Psychology, Radford University, Radford, Virginia, USA
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3
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Ferrari V, Canturi F, De Cesarei A, Codispoti M. Sustained training with novel distractors attenuates the behavioral interference of emotional pictures but does not affect the electrocortical markers of emotional processing. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1322792. [PMID: 38384346 PMCID: PMC10880733 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1322792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research has recently shown that behavioral interference prompted by emotional distractors is subject to habituation when the same exemplars are repeated, but promptly recovers in response to novel stimuli. The present study investigated whether prolonged experience with distractors that were all novel was effective in shaping the attentional filter, favoring stable and generalizable inhibition effects. Methods To test this, the impact of emotional distractors was measured before and after a sustained training phase with only novel distractor pictures, and that for a group of participants depicted only a variety of neutral contents, whereas a different group was exposed only to emotional contents. Results Results showed that emotional interference on reaction times was attenuated after the training phase (compared to the pre-test), but emotional distractors continued to interfere more than neutral ones in the post-test. The two groups did not differ in terms of training effect, suggesting that the distractor suppression mechanism developed during training was not sensitive to the affective category of natural scenes with which one had had experience. The affective modulation of neither the LPP or Alpha-ERD showed any effect of training. Discussion Altogether, these findings suggest that sustained experience with novel distractors may attenuate attention allocation toward task irrelevant emotional stimuli, but the evaluative processes and the engagement of motivational systems are always needed to support the monitoring of the environment for significant cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Canturi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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4
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Gao X, Gao L, Li Y, Sui X. The Neural Response Process of Cognitive Decision Making: An ERP Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040648. [PMID: 37190613 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decision has the basic characteristics of risk avoidance and benefit seeking. To explore the neural response process of cognitive decision making, we asked 32 undergraduates to make a decision on whether to accept a specific treatment option with a certain cure rate and a certain risk rate while recording their electrical brain responses. The results showed that more participants chose the treatment option with a high cure rate and moderate or low risk. Compared with low and high risk, medium risk produced greater N1 and smaller P300. Low risk produced larger LPP than the moderate risk in the left hemisphere. The right prefrontal region appeared to have a smaller LPP for low risk than for high risk. The results suggest that individuals prioritize risk when making cognitive decisions. In addition, in medium-risk conditions, solution integration is more difficult. The effect of benefit size appears at the late stage of cognitive decision making and adjusts the effect of risk. These results support the satisfaction principle of decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Gao
- School of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yutong Li
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Xue Sui
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
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5
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Ziogas A, Habermeyer E, Santtila P, Poeppl TB, Mokros A. Neuroelectric Correlates of Human Sexuality: A Review and Meta-Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:497-596. [PMID: 32016814 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many reviews on sexual arousal in humans focus on different brain imaging methods and behavioral observations. Although neurotransmission in the brain is mainly performed through electrochemical signals, there are no systematic reviews of the electrophysiological correlates of sexual arousal. We performed a systematic search on this subject and reviewed 255 studies including various electrophysiological methods. Our results show how neuroelectric signals have been used to investigate genital somatotopy as well as basic genital physiology during sexual arousal and how cortical electric signals have been recorded during orgasm. Moreover, experiments on the interactions of cognition and sexual arousal in healthy subjects and in individuals with abnormal sexual preferences were analyzed as well as case studies on sexual disturbances associated with diseases of the nervous system. In addition, 25 studies focusing on brain potentials during the interaction of cognition and sexual arousal were eligible for meta-analysis. The results showed significant effect sizes for specific brain potentials during sexual stimulation (P3: Cohen's d = 1.82, N = 300, LPP: Cohen's d = 2.30, N = 510) with high heterogeneity between the combined studies. Taken together, our review shows how neuroelectric methods can consistently differentiate sexual arousal from other emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Ziogas
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Alleestrasse 61A, 8462, Rheinau, Switzerland.
| | - Elmar Habermeyer
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Department of Arts & Sciences, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Timm B Poeppl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mokros
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, Fern Universität in Hagen (University of Hagen), Hagen, Germany
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6
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Cofresí RU, Piasecki TM, Bartholow BD. Acute sensitization of the P3 event-related potential response to beverage images and the risk for alcohol use disorder. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 4:100041. [PMID: 36425356 PMCID: PMC9681121 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests the amplitude of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) response reflects the incentive value of the eliciting stimulus, and that individuals with trait-like lower sensitivity (LS) to the acute effects of alcohol, a potent risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD), tend to show exaggerated P3 ERP responses to alcohol beverage cues (compared to their peers with higher sensitivity; HS). No prior research has examined trajectories of the cue-elicited P3 response across repeated trials of nonreinforced cue presentations. Characterizing these trajectories can be informative as to potential mechanisms linking LS with increased AUD risk. Here, we tested whether individual differences in alcohol sensitivity are associated with different trial-by-trial trajectories of the P3 elicited by alcohol and nonalcohol reward cues (infrequent oddball/target stimuli) using a large sample of emerging adults (M age = 19.53; N = 287; 55% female; 86% White; 90% right-handed) stratified for alcohol sensitivity. Multilevel models adjusted for age, sex, handedness, and alcohol use indicated that: (i) the P3 response to alcohol and nonalcohol reward cues alike sensitized (i.e., increased) across trials; (ii) across the task, the P3 response to alcohol cues was larger for the LS than the HS phenotype; and (iii) the P3 difference score (alcohol - nonalcohol) was larger for the LS than HS phenotype only across the first half of task. Findings suggest that whereas incentive value attribution may be a mechanism for alcohol cue-triggered attentional biases for both LS and HS individuals, LS individuals more consistently over-attribute incentive value to alcohol cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U. Cofresí
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Thomas M. Piasecki
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - Bruce D. Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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7
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Guo F, Yang Z, Liu T, Gu L. The brain dynamics of trust decisions and outcome evaluation in narcissists. Front Psychol 2022; 13:929674. [PMID: 35992397 PMCID: PMC9389113 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.929674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with narcissism are, by definition, self-centered, focus on self-benefit, and demonstrate less prosocial behaviors. Trusting strangers is risky, as it can result in exploitation and non-reciprocation. Thus, the trust may be antagonistic to narcissism. However, how narcissists make the choice to trust remains to be elucidated. The current study examined 44 participants (22 rated high in narcissism) playing as trustors in one-shot trust games, and their electroencephalograms were recorded. Individuals high in narcissism exhibited less trust toward strangers, especially following gaining feedback for their trust. In addition, narcissists exhibited a larger N2 following distrust and a stronger negatively-valanced difference in feedback-related negativity (dFRN) after trustee feedback. Our findings provide insights into how individuals with narcissism trust strangers. The results also shed light on the temporal course of brain activity involved in trust decision-making and outcome evaluation in individuals with narcissism.
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8
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Ferrari V, Canturi F, Codispoti M. Stimulus novelty and emotionality interact in the processing of visual distractors. Biol Psychol 2021; 167:108238. [PMID: 34864068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel distractors are prioritized for attentional selection. When distractors also convey emotional content, they divert attention from the primary task more than neutral stimuli do. In the present study, while participants were engaged in a central task, we examined the impact of peripheral distractors that varied for emotional content and novelty. Results showed that emotional interference on reaction times completely habituated with repetition and promptly recovered with novelty. The enhanced LPP for emotional pictures was attenuated by repetitions and, interestingly, stimulus novelty only affected emotional, but not neutral distractors, in both the RTs and LPP. Alpha-ERD was similarly reduced for repeated emotional and neutral distractors. Altogether, these findings suggest that the impact of peripheral distractors can be attenuated through a non-strategic learning mechanism mediated by mere stimulus repetition, which is fine-tuned to detect changes in emotional distractors only, supporting the hypothesis that novelty and emotion share the same motivational circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.
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9
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Intertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22277. [PMID: 34782648 PMCID: PMC8593020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision makers tend to give magnified significance to immediately available rewards which leads to intertemporal preference reversals, which is a form of self-control failure. The objective of the present study was to understand the cognitive and neural underpinnings of this phenomenon using event-related potentials (ERP) and their source localization using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis (sLORETA). Twenty-four participants performed a money choice task, where they made choices between a smaller-sooner and a larger-later reward, which included trials with and without an immediately available option, while their electroencephalography (EEG) activity was recorded. Trials with and without immediacy were identical except that the latter involved a front-end delay added to both the rewards. Results showed that presence of immediacy made the choices significantly more impulsive. Presence of immediate reward elicited larger visual P2 and late positive potential (LPP), indicating enhanced capture of automatic and sustained attention respectively, and smaller N2, indicative of diminished engagement of cognitive control processes. Source localization revealed increased activity in the visual cortex in the presence of immediacy, signifying higher valuation. Higher activation of areas of insula during P2-suggesting increased awareness of visceral signals-predicted larger impulsive preference reversals. The results suggest that presence of immediate reward biases the choice very early during the decision making process by precipitating visceral states that triggers approach behaviour, and highlight the need to adopt strategies like precommitment to counter the effect.
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10
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Duraisingam A, Palaniappan R, Soria D. Attentional bias towards high and low caloric food on repeated visual food stimuli: An ERP study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:740-743. [PMID: 34891397 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food variety influences appetitive behaviour, motivation to eat and energy intake. Research found that repeated exposure to varied food images increases the motivation towards food in adults and children. This study investigates the effects of repetition on the modulation of early and late components of event-related potentials (ERPs) when participants passively viewed the same food and non-food images repeatedly. The motivational attention to food and non-food images were assessed in frontal, centroparietal, parietooccipital and occipitotemporal areas of the brain. Participants showed increased late positive potential (late ERP component) to high caloric image in the occipitotemporal region compared to low caloric and non-food images. Similar effects could be seen in the early ERP component in the frontal region, but with reversed polarity. Data suggest that both the early and late ERP components show greater ERP amplitude when viewing high caloric images than low caloric and non-food images. Despite repeated exposure to same image, high caloric food continued to show sustained attention compared to low caloric and non-food image.
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11
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Wang S, Xu C, Xiao L, Ding AS. The Implicit Aesthetic Preference for Mobile Marketing Interface Layout-An ERP Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:728895. [PMID: 34658818 PMCID: PMC8514863 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.728895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Businesses and scholars have been trying to improve marketing effect by optimizing mobile marketing interfaces aesthetically as users browse freely and aimlessly through mobile marketing interfaces. Although the layout is an important design factor that affects interface aesthetics, whether it can trigger customer's aesthetic preferences in mobile marketing remains unexplored. To address this issue, we employ an empirical methodology of event-related potentials (EPR) in this study from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience and psychology. Subjects are presented with a series of mobile marketing interface images of different layouts with identical marketing content. Their EEG waves were recorded as they were required to distinguish a target stimulus from the others. After the experiment, each of the subjects chose five stimuli interfaces they like and five they dislike. By analyzing the ERP data derived from the EEG data and the behavioral data, we find significant differences between the disliked interfaces and the other interfaces in the ERP component of P2 from the frontal-central area in the 200–400 ms post-stimulus onset time window and LPP from both the frontal-central and parietal-occipital area in the 400–600 ms time window. The results support the hypothesis that humans do make rapid implicit aesthetic preferences for interface layouts and suggest that even under a free browsing context like the mobile marketing context, interface layouts that raise high emotional arousal can still attract more user attention and induce users' implicit aesthetic preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- School of Management and E-Business, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Modern Business Research Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chonghuan Xu
- Modern Business Research Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Applied Psychology, School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- School of Management and E-Business, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Modern Business Research Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Do rare emotional scenes enhance LPP modulation? Biol Psychol 2021; 166:108204. [PMID: 34644602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The slow wave late positive potential (LPP) is one of the most dependable measures of emotional processing in human neuroscience. While LPP positivity shows modest malleability by emotional regulation and competing tasks, its fundamental enhancement by emotional scene perception is extremely reliable. Here we assess the impact of emotional scene frequency (67%, 50% and 17%) on the strength of LPP modulation, across 3 groups of participants, using consistent presentation and analysis methods. The results demonstrate strong consistency in the strength of emotional modulation across frequent, equiprobable, and rare emotion conditions. However, a small enhancement of LPP positivity was found during unpleasant scenes in the rare emotion condition. The LPP thus appears to be largely insensitive to contextual features such as scene frequency and predictability, suggesting that strong emotional cues persistently engage orienting and evaluation processes because this tendency was selected in phylogeny.
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13
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Bo K, Yin S, Liu Y, Hu Z, Meyyappan S, Kim S, Keil A, Ding M. Decoding Neural Representations of Affective Scenes in Retinotopic Visual Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3047-3063. [PMID: 33594428 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception of opportunities and threats in complex visual scenes represents one of the main functions of the human visual system. The underlying neurophysiology is often studied by having observers view pictures varying in affective content. It has been shown that viewing emotionally engaging, compared with neutral, pictures (1) heightens blood flow in limbic, frontoparietal, and anterior visual structures and (2) enhances the late positive event-related potential (LPP). The role of retinotopic visual cortex in this process has, however, been contentious, with competing theories predicting the presence versus absence of emotion-specific signals in retinotopic visual areas. Recording simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging while observers viewed pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral affective pictures, and applying multivariate pattern analysis, we found that (1) unpleasant versus neutral and pleasant versus neutral decoding accuracy were well above chance level in retinotopic visual areas, (2) decoding accuracy in ventral visual cortex (VVC), but not in early or dorsal visual cortex, was correlated with LPP, and (3) effective connectivity from amygdala to VVC predicted unpleasant versus neutral decoding accuracy, whereas effective connectivity from ventral frontal cortex to VVC predicted pleasant versus neutral decoding accuracy. These results suggest that affective scenes evoke valence-specific neural representations in retinotopic visual cortex and that these representations are influenced by reentry signals from anterior brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Bo
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Siyang Yin
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yuelu Liu
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Zhenhong Hu
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sreenivasan Meyyappan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sungkean Kim
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andreas Keil
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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14
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Wang G, Li J, Li S, Zhu C. Neural Dynamics of the Combined Discounting of Delay and Probability During the Evaluation of a Delayed Risky Reward. Front Psychol 2020; 11:576460. [PMID: 33132984 PMCID: PMC7550637 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delay discounting and probability discounting are two important processes, but in daily life there are many more situations that involve delayed risky outcomes. Although neuroscience research has extensively investigated delay and probability discounting in isolation, little research has explored the neural correlates of the combined discounting of delay and probability. Using the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) technique, we designed a novel paradigm to investigate neural processes related to the combined discounting of delay and probability during the evaluation of a delayed risky reward. ERP results suggested distinct temporal dynamics for delay and probability processing during combined discounting. Both the early frontal P200 and the N2 reflected only probability, not delay, while the parietal P300 was sensitive to both probability and delay. Furthermore, the late positive potential (LPP) was sensitive to probability, but insensitive to delay. These results suggest that probability has a prolonged modulatory effect on reward evaluation in the information processing stream. These findings contribute to an understanding of the neural processes underlying the combined discounting of delay and probability. The limitation of this study is to only consider four delay and probability combinations. Future studies can explore the combined discounting of more probability and delay combinations to further test the robustness of the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Wang
- Neural Decision Science Laboratory, School of Economics and Management, Weifang University, Weifang, China.,School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbiao Li
- School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Economic and Management, Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaiqi Li
- School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengkang Zhu
- School of Economics, Institute for Study of Brain-Like Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Codispoti M, Micucci A, De Cesarei A. Time will tell: Object categorization and emotional engagement during processing of degraded natural scenes. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13704. [PMID: 33090526 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between object categorization in natural scenes and the engagement of cortico-limbic appetitive and defensive systems (emotional engagement) by manipulating both the bottom-up information and the top-down context. Concerning the bottom-up information, we manipulated the computational load by scrambling the phase of the spatial frequency spectrum, and asked participants to classify natural scenes as containing an animal or a person. The role of the top-down context was assessed by comparing an incremental condition, in which pictures were progressively revealed, to a condition in which no probabilistic relationship existed between each stimulus and the following one. In two experiments, the categorization and response to emotional and neutral scenes were similarly modulated by the computational load. The Late Positive Potential (LPP) was affected by the emotional content of the scenes, and by categorization accuracy. When the phase of the spatial frequency spectrum was scrambled by a large amount (>58%), chance categorization resulted, and affective LPP modulation was eliminated. With less degraded scenes, categorization accuracy was higher (.82 in Experiment 1, .86 in Experiment 2) and affective modulation of the LPP was observed at a late window (>800 ms), indicating that it is possible to delay the time of engagement of the motivational systems which are responsible for the LPP affective modulation. The present data strongly support the view that semantic analysis of visual scenes, operationalized here as object categorization, is a necessary condition for emotional engagement at the electrocortical level (LPP).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Micucci
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Lin Y, Gloe LM, Louis CC, Eckerle WD, Fisher ME, Moser JS. An electrophysiological investigation on the emotion regulatory mechanisms of brief open monitoring meditation in novice non-meditators. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14252. [PMID: 32860004 PMCID: PMC7455688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a growing literature supporting the salutary effects of mindfulness meditation on emotion regulation, the underlying mechanisms linking neural and subjective changes occurring during the actual practice of meditation with emotion regulatory effects observed after meditation remains virtually unexplored. The current study sought to address this gap in knowledge by testing the hypothesis that adoption of internally-directed focused attention, indexed by increased alpha and theta spectral power, during brief open monitoring (OM) mindfulness meditation predicts reduced emotional reactivity, as measured by the late positive potential (LPP). Results revealed that the OM meditation did not produce demonstrable differences in alpha and theta power but did increase self-reported sleepiness relative to controls. Follow-up analyses showed that sleepiness uniquely moderated the effect of meditation on the LPP, such that less sleepiness during meditation, but not the control audio, corresponded to smaller LPPs to negative images. Change in theta, but not alpha power, between meditation and rest was positively correlated with the LPP even after controlling for sleepiness. Although the primary hypothesis was unsupported, the findings demonstrate that phenomenological and neural changes occurring during OM meditation may modulate its subsequent “off-the-cushion” effects on emotional reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Lin
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, Psychology Building, 69-E, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Lilianne M Gloe
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, Psychology Building, 69-E, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Courtney C Louis
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, Psychology Building, 69-E, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - William D Eckerle
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, Psychology Building, 69-E, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Megan E Fisher
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jason S Moser
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, Psychology Building, 69-E, East Lansing, MI, USA
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17
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Event-related brain potential (ERP) studies have shown that bulimia nervosa (BN) is associated with facilitated processing of disorder-specific stimuli, visible in altered early components during presentation of food cues and bodies varying in size. Less is known about BN and late ERPs, typically less influenced by perceptual features and regarded as more reliable indices of motivational relevance. The purpose of this study was to use the late positive potential (LPP) to investigate the motivational significance of BN-relevant stimuli. METHODS Highly salient stimuli, such as pictures of personal binge foods and images that are pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant (e.g., human attacks) were presented to 24 women with bulimia and 24 healthy women (19.7 ± 2.1 and 20.5 ± 2.6 years, respectively). Pictures of erotic couples, previously shown to prompt the greatest appetitive reactions in healthy women, were used as pleasant cues. Based on BN aversion to body cues, we hypothesized that the motivational significance of erotic cues could be increased in bulimic women. RESULTS Consistent with the literature, the LPP was modulated by the salience of the pictures (F(2.8,130.7) = 24.6, p < .001). An additional interaction with diagnostic group (F(2.8,130.7) = 2.8, p = .047) indicated that bulimic women showed a larger LPP than healthy controls during pictures displaying binge foods (p = .037) and erotic couples (p = .031). CONCLUSIONS The findings provide objective evidence that BN is characterized by dysregulated emotional processing that is not limited to food cues. The implications are discussed within a transdiagnostic perspective on food-related disorders.
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18
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Ferrari V, Mastria S, Codispoti M. The interplay between attention and long‐term memory in affective habituation. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13572. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - Serena Mastria
- Department of Psychology University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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19
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Farkas AH, Oliver KI, Sabatinelli D. Emotional and feature-based modulation of the early posterior negativity. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13484. [PMID: 31573679 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The early posterior negativity (EPN) has been shown to be enhanced by emotional relative to neutral scene perception. A subset of studies has also reported a bias in the EPN toward pleasant relative to unpleasant scenes. Functional MRI research has also identified a region in lateral occipital cortex that shows a sensitivity to the visual perception of body parts, which may contribute to the EPN. Here, we assess the roles of rated scene pleasantness and the depiction of body parts on modulation of the EPN in two studies, using scenes that are chosen to be of equivalent perceptual complexity. In Study 1, we presented two distinct highly pleasant and arousing scene contents (erotic couples and moments of jubilant victory) as well as neutral people, threat, and mutilation scenes. As in prior research, the EPN was enhanced by emotionally arousing scenes, with the greatest modulation evoked by erotic scenes, although victory scenes elicited stronger ratings of pleasantness and equivalent ratings of arousal. This result suggests that the EPN may be sensitive to distinct features found in erotic scenes. To determine the extent to which body part perception modulates the EPN, Study 2 compared EPN modulation evoked by erotic scenes with nonerotic nudist scenes. Ratings of pleasantness and arousal were reduced, yet nudist scenes led to stronger modulation of the EPN compared to erotic scenes. These data indicate that, in addition to the emotional intensity of scenes, modulation of the EPN may in part reflect the discrimination of unclothed body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Farkas
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Katelyn I Oliver
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dean Sabatinelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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20
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Hill KE, Lane SP, Foti D. Block-wise and trial-wise analyses of the late positive potential reveal distinct affective trajectories as a function of neuroticism. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146292. [PMID: 31199908 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential that is modulated by affective stimuli, is often employed as an objective measure of momentary emotional reactivity in affective neuroscience research. A wide range of tasks are used to elicit the LPP, yet relatively few studies assess how task-specific methodological differences influence observed effects on LPP amplitude. The present study tested whether the LPP systematically varies across repeated blocks of affective stimuli in terms of block-wise averages and trial-wise slopes, as well as if this variability relates to trait affective style. Participants (N = 112) completed a passive-viewing task designed to assess carry-over effects from one fixed valence block to the next. Rather than single scores for each image type averaged across all trials, as is typically done, the LPP was investigated first as averages across single blocks organized by valence and arousal categories and then trial-wise within these blocks. Traditional analyses and multilevel modeling procedures were employed to investigate effects. Results revealed that average LPP amplitude increased for the second versus the first blocks for affective but not neutral images. Moreover, trial-wise variation in the LPP systematically related to trait affective style: neuroticism moderated slopes of reactivity to pleasant and unpleasant images and produced affective carry-over effects for those higher in neuroticism. Together, results suggest that LPP amplitude is systematically modulated by block sequence, which could explain discrepancies across studies. Furthermore, block-wise averages capture only a portion of reactivity, obscuring trial-wise dynamics that are more closely aligned with theoretical frameworks of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Foti
- Purdue University, United States.
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21
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Gomez P, von Gunten A, Danuser B. Eye gaze behavior during affective picture viewing: Effects of motivational significance, gender, age, and repeated exposure. Biol Psychol 2019; 146:107713. [PMID: 31173808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
How top-down and bottom-up factors combine to determine eye movements during affective picture viewing is far from being completely understood. We investigated how observers' fixation frequency and scanpath length - two indices of information seeking and intake - are related to self-reported valence (pleasantness) and arousal and depend on gender, age, and repeated exposure during affective picture viewing. We tracked the eye movements of 157 younger, middle-aged, and older adults when viewing 14 picture series each consisting of six thematically and affectively similar pictures. Participants' valence and arousal ratings were registered for each series. Fixation frequency and scanpath length increased with self-rated unpleasantness and arousal and decreased across the six pictures within series. This decrease was age- and arousal-dependent. Compared to men, women exhibited a more exploratory scanning behavior. These findings suggest that observers' affective appraisal, gender and age and repeated exposure to affective visual stimuli influence visual information seeking and intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gomez
- Institut universitaire romand de Santé au Travail (Institute for Work and Health), University of Lausanne and University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Danuser
- Institut universitaire romand de Santé au Travail (Institute for Work and Health), University of Lausanne and University of Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Wang G, Li J, Wang P, Zhu C, Pan J, Li S. Neural Dynamics of Processing Probability Weight and Monetary Magnitude in the Evaluation of a Risky Reward. Front Psychol 2019; 10:554. [PMID: 30984057 PMCID: PMC6448026 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Risky decision-making involves risky reward valuation, choice, and feedback processes. However, the temporal dynamics of risky reward processing are not well understood. Using event-related brain potential, we investigated the neural correlates of probability weight and money magnitude in the evaluation of a risky reward. In this study, each risky choice consisted of two risky options, which were presented serially to separate decision-making and option evaluation processes. The early P200 component reflected the process of probability weight, not money magnitude. The medial frontal negativity (MFN) reflected both probability weight and money magnitude processes. The late positive potential (LPP) only reflected the process of probability weight. These results demonstrate distinct temporal dynamics for probability weight and money magnitude processes when evaluating a risky outcome, providing a better understanding of the possible mechanism underlying risky reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Wang
- Neural Decision Science Laboratory, Weifang University, Weifang, China.,Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbiao Li
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Economic and Management, Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin, China.,School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Business School, Tianjin University of Economic and Finance, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengkang Zhu
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Pan
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaiqi Li
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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23
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Frank DW, Sabatinelli D. Hemodynamic and electrocortical reactivity to specific scene contents in emotional perception. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13340. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Frank
- Department of Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center University of Georgia Athens Georgia
- Department of Behavioral Science MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas
| | - Dean Sabatinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center University of Georgia Athens Georgia
- Department of Psychology University of Georgia Athens Georgia
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24
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Ma Y, Jin J, Yu W, Zhang W, Xu Z, Ma Q. How Is the Neural Response to the Design of Experience Goods Related to Personalized Preference? An Implicit View. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:760. [PMID: 30416423 PMCID: PMC6214219 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the process by which consumers evaluate the designs of experience goods is critical for firms designing and delivering experience products. As the implicit process involved in this evaluation, and given the possible social desirability bias inherent to traditional methods of product design evaluation in certain conditions, neuroscientific methods are preferred to gain insight into the neural basis of consumers' evaluation of experience good designs. We here used event-related potentials (ERPs) and a revised go/no-go paradigm to investigate consumers' neural responses to experience good designs. Personalized product designs and neutral landscape pictures were randomly presented to 20 student participants; they were asked to view these product designs without making any decisions. The paired t-test and repeated-measures analysis of correlation showed that the P200 and late positive potential (LPP) elicited by the most-preferred experience good designs were significantly higher than that elicited by least-preferred designs, and the two ERP components were positively correlated with the personalized rating scores. Thus, P200 and LPP might be the early and late indices of consumers' evaluation of experience good designs, respectively, and may facilitate an understanding of the temporal course of this evaluation. Furthermore, these two ERP components can be used to identify consumers' preferences toward experience good designs. In addition, given the use of personalized experimental stimuli, these findings may help to explain why customized products are preferred by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Ma
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Modem Management Research Centre, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jia Jin
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wuke Zhang
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhijiang Xu
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Neuromanagement Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Ma H, Mo Z, Zhang H, Wang C, Fu H. The Temptation of Zero Price: Event-Related Potentials Evidence of How Price Framing Influences the Purchase of Bundles. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:251. [PMID: 29731705 PMCID: PMC5919942 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed that consumers are susceptible to price framing effect, a common cognitive bias, due to their limited capacity in processing information. The effect of price framing in a bundling context and its neural correlates, however, remain not clearly characterized. The present study applied the event-related potentials (ERPs) approach to investigate the role of price framing in information processing and purchase decision making in a bundling context. Three price frames were created with practically identical total prices (with a maximum difference of ¥0.1, which was about equal to 0.016 US dollars) for a bundle with two components, a focal product and a tie-in product. In normal price condition (NP), both the focal and tie-in products were offered at a normal discounted price; in zero price condition (ZP), the tie-in product was offered free while the total price of the bundle remained the same as NP; whereas in low price condition (LP), the tie-in product was offered at a low token price (¥0.1), and the focal product shared the same price as the focal product of ZP. The behavioral results showed a higher purchase rate and a shorter reaction time for ZP in contrast to NP. Neurophysiologically, enlarged LPP amplitude was elicited by ZP relative to NP, suggesting that ZP triggered a stronger positive affect that could motivate decision to buy. Thus, this study provides both behavioral and neural evidence for how different price framing information is processed and ultimately gives rise to price framing effect in purchase decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ma
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Mo
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Huijian Fu
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neuromanagement and Decision Neuroscience, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Neuroeconomics and Neuromanagement, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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26
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Cigarette cues capture attention of smokers and never-smokers, but for different reasons. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 185:50-57. [PMID: 29427915 PMCID: PMC5889726 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the notion that smokers reliably show higher reactivity to cigarette-related versus neutral cues is both theoretically and empirically supported, it is unclear why never-smokers also show enhanced brain responses to cigarette-related cues. METHODS Using a repetitive picture viewing paradigm, in which responses evoked by affective cues are more resistant to habituation, we assessed the effects of stimulus repetition on event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by pleasant, unpleasant, cigarette-related, and neutral images in 34 smokers (SMO) and 34 never-smokers (NEV). We examined the early posterior negativity (EPN) and the late positive potential (LPP), two ERP components which are sensitive to a picture's motivational qualities. RESULTS Before stimulus repetition, pleasant, unpleasant, and cigarette-related cues produced greater EPN and LPP amplitudes than neutral cues in all subjects. During stimulus repetition, both components were similarly modulated by emotional arousal, such that pleasant, unpleasant, and cigarette-related cues evoked greater EPN and LPP amplitude, relative to neutral. Smoking status did not modulate these effects. While there were no group differences in self-reported stimulus ratings of valence for pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral stimuli, NEV rated cigarette-related cues as unpleasant. We observed a moderate, negative correlation between LPP amplitude and self-reported valence ratings of cigarette-related cues among NEV. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cigarette-related cues capture attentional resources of both SMO and NEV, but for different reasons. For SMO, cigarette-related cues have acquired motivational significance through repeated associations with nicotine delivery, whereas for NEV, cigarette-related cues are perceived as unpleasant.
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27
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Bradford DE, Motschman CA, Starr MJ, Curtin JJ. Alcohol's effects on emotionally motivated attention, defensive reactivity and subjective anxiety during uncertain threats. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:1823-1832. [PMID: 28985425 PMCID: PMC5714195 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a better understanding of how and under what circumstances alcohol affects the emotions, cognitions and neural functions that precede and contribute to dangerous behaviors during intoxication may help to reduce their occurrence. Alcohol intoxication has recently been shown to reduce defensive reactivity and anxiety more during uncertain vs certain threat. However, alcohol's effects on emotionally motivated attention to these threats are unknown. Alcohol may disrupt both affective response to and attentional processing of uncertain threats making intoxicated individuals less able to avoid dangerous and costly behaviors. To test this possibility, we examined the effects of a broad range of blood alcohol concentrations on 96 participants' sub-cortically mediated defensive reactivity (startle potentiation), retrospective subjective anxiety (self-report) and cortically assessed emotionally motivated attention (probe P3 event related potential) while they experienced visually cued uncertain and certain location electric shock threat. As predicted, alcohol decreased defensive reactivity and subjective anxiety more during uncertain vs certain threat. In a novel finding, alcohol dampened emotionally motivated attention during uncertain but not certain threat. This effect appeared independent of alcohol's effects on defensive reactivity and subjective anxiety. These results suggest that alcohol intoxication dampens processing of uncertain threats while leaving processing of certain threats intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Bradford
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Courtney A Motschman
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Starr
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John J Curtin
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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28
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Carboni A, Kessel D, Capilla A, Carretié L. The influence of affective state on exogenous attention to emotional distractors: behavioral and electrophysiological correlates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8068. [PMID: 28808233 PMCID: PMC5556118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between exogenous attention to emotional distractors and the baseline affective state has not been well established yet. The present study aimed to explore this issue through behavioral measures and event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants (N = 30) completed a digit categorization task depicted over negative, positive or neutral distractor background pictures, while they experienced negative, positive and neutral affective states elicited by movie scenes. Behavioral results showed higher error rates and longer reaction times for negative distractors than for neutral and positive ones, irrespective of the current emotional state. Neural indices showed that the participants' affective state modulated N1 amplitudes, irrespective of distractor type, while the emotional charge of distractors modulated N2, irrespective of the emotional state. Importantly, an interaction of state and distractor type was observed in LPP. These results demonstrate that exogenous attention to emotional distractors is independent from modulating effects of the emotional baseline state at early, automatic stages of processing. However, attention to emotional distractors and affective state interact at later latencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Kessel
- Universidad de la República del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Mastria S, Ferrari V, Codispoti M. Emotional Picture Perception: Repetition Effects in Free-Viewing and during an Explicit Categorization Task. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1001. [PMID: 28725202 PMCID: PMC5495866 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have found that, despite a decrease in the overall amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) with repeated presentation of the same picture, emotional stimuli continue to elicit a larger LPP than neutral ones. These findings seem to support the hypothesis that the affective modulation of the LPP reflects a mandatory process and does not rely on stimulus novelty. However, in these studies participants were asked to merely look at the pictures, without carrying out any additional task (free-viewing), making picture emotionality the most salient aspect of the stimulus, despite its repetition. The current study aimed to examine the impact of an explicit categorization task on the emotional processing of repeated pictures. To this purpose, ERPs to novel and repeated pictures were measured during free-viewing as well as during an explicit categorization task, where the emotional content of the pictures was task-irrelevant. The within-subject comparison between the free-viewing and task context revealed that the overall LPP habituated more rapidly in the free-viewing condition, but, more importantly, the LPP affective modulation was unaffected by task requirements during both novel and repeated presentations. These results suggest that the affective modulation of the LPP reflects an automatic engagement of cortico-limbic motivational systems, which continues to take place regardless of stimulus novelty and task context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mastria
- Department of Psychology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Vera Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of ParmaParma, Italy
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30
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Thigpen NN, Keil A, Freund AM. Responding to emotional scenes: effects of response outcome and picture repetition on reaction times and the late positive potential. Cogn Emot 2016; 32:24-36. [PMID: 27922339 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1266305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Processing the motivational relevance of a visual scene and reacting accordingly is crucial for survival. Previous work suggests the emotional content of naturalistic scenes affects response speed, such that unpleasant content slows responses whereas pleasant content accelerates responses. It is unclear whether these effects reflect motor-cognitive processes, such as attentional orienting, or vary with the function/outcome of the motor response itself. Four experiments manipulated participants' ability to terminate the picture (offset control) and, thereby, the response's function and motivational value. Attentive orienting was manipulated via picture repetition, which diminishes orienting. A total of N = 81 participants completed versions of a go/no-go task, discriminating between distorted versus intact pictures drawn from six content categories varying in positive, negative, or neutral valence. While all participants responded faster with repetition, only participants without offset control exhibited slower responses to unpleasant and accelerated responses to pleasant content. Emotional engagement, measured by the late positive potential, was not modulated by attentional orienting (repetition), suggesting that the interaction between repetition and offset control is not due to altered emotional engagement. Together, results suggest that response time changes as a function of emotional content and sensitivity to attention orienting depends on the motivational function of the motor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina N Thigpen
- a Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Andreas Keil
- a Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Alexandra M Freund
- b University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, Department of Psychology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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31
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Adapting another person’s affective state modulates brain potentials to unpleasant pictures. Biol Psychol 2016; 120:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Lin Y, Fisher ME, Roberts SMM, Moser JS. Deconstructing the Emotion Regulatory Properties of Mindfulness: An Electrophysiological Investigation. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:451. [PMID: 27656139 PMCID: PMC5013076 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to uncover the emotion regulatory properties of mindfulness by examining its effects—differentiated as a meditative practice, state of mind and dispositional trait—on the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potentials (ERPs) indexing emotional processing. Results revealed that mindfulness as a meditative practice produced a reduction in the difference between the LPP response to negative high arousing and neutral stimuli across time. In contrast, a state mindfulness induction (i.e., instructions to attend to the stimuli mindfully) failed to modulate the LPP. Dispositional mindfulness, however, was related to modulation of the LPP as a function of meditation practice. Dispositional mindfulness was associated with a reduction of the LPP response to negative high arousal stimuli and the difference between negative high arousal and neutral stimuli in participants who listened to a control audio recording but not for those who engaged in the guided meditation practice. Together, these findings provide experimental evidence demonstrating that brief mindfulness meditation, but not deliberate engagement in state mindfulness, produces demonstrable changes in emotional processing indicative of reduced emotional reactivity. Importantly, these effects are akin to those observed in individuals with naturally high dispositional mindfulness, suggesting that the benefits of mindfulness can be cultivated through practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Lin
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Megan E Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sean M M Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jason S Moser
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
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Renfroe JB, Bradley MM, Sege CT, Bowers D. Emotional Modulation of the Late Positive Potential during Picture Free Viewing in Older and Young Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162323. [PMID: 27589393 PMCID: PMC5010222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedonic bias during free viewing of novel emotional and neutral scenes was investigated in older adults and college students. A neurophysiological index of emotional picture processing–the amplitude of the centroparietal late positive potential (LPP)–was recorded from the scalp using a dense sensor array while participants (29 older adults; 21 college students) viewed emotionally engaging or mundane natural scenes that varied in specific content. Both students and older adults showed LPP enhancement when viewing affective, compared to neutral, scenes, and there was no difference in LPP amplitude between older individuals and college students when viewing neutral everyday scenes. However, compared to the college students, older individuals showed attenuated LPP amplitude when viewing emotional scenes, regardless of hedonic valence or specific content. Age related differences could be mediated by a reduction in reactive emotional arousal with age, possible mediated by repeated life exposure to emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna B. Renfroe
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Margaret M. Bradley
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christopher T. Sege
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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The fate of unattended stimuli and emotional habituation: Behavioral interference and cortical changes. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 16:1063-1073. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kang D, Liu Y, Miskovic V, Keil A, Ding M. Large-scale functional brain connectivity during emotional engagement as revealed by beta-series correlation analysis. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1627-1638. [PMID: 27453345 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a hub in the network that mediates appetitive responses whereas the amygdala is thought to mediate both aversive and appetitive processing. Both structures may facilitate adaptive responses to emotional challenge by linking perception, attention, memory, and motor circuits. We provide an initial exploration of these hypotheses by recording simultaneous EEG-fMRI in eleven participants viewing affective pictures. MPFC- and amygdala-seeded functional connectivity maps were generated by applying the beta-series correlation method. The mPFC-seeded correlation map encompassed visual regions, sensorimotor areas, prefrontal cortex, and medial temporal lobe structures, exclusively for pleasant content. For the amygdala-seeded correlation map, a similar set of distributed brain areas appeared in the unpleasant-neutral contrast, with the addition of structures such as the insula and thalamus. A substantially sparser network was recruited for the pleasant-neutral contrast. Using the late positive potential (LPP) to index the intensity of emotional engagement, functional connectivity was found to be stronger in trials with larger LPP. These results demonstrate that mPFC-mediated functional interactions are engaged specifically during appetitive processing, whereas the amygdala is coupled to distinct sets of brain regions during both aversive and appetitive processing. The strength of these interactions varies as a function of the intensity of emotional engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daesung Kang
- The J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuelu Liu
- The J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vladimir Miskovic
- Department of Psychology and Center for Affective Science, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Keil
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- The J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Ferrari V, Codispoti M, Bradley MM. Repetition and ERPs during emotional scene processing: A selective review. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 111:170-177. [PMID: 27418540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A set of studies are reviewed that investigate the effects of repetition during scene perception on event-related potentials, elucidating perceptual, memory and emotional processes. Repetition suppression was consistently found for the amplitude of early frontal N2 and posterior P2 components, which was greatly enhanced for massed, compared to distributed, repetition. Both repetition suppression and enhancement of the amplitude of a centro-parietal positive potential (LPP) were found in specific contexts. Suppression was reliably found following a massive number of repetitions of few items, whereas enhancement is found when repetitions are spaced; enhancement was apparent both during simple free viewing as well as on an explicit recognition test. Regardless of repetition, an enhanced LPP was always found for emotional, compared to neutral, scenes. Taken together, the data suggest that different effects of massed and distributed repetitions on specific ERP components index perceptual priming, habituation, and spontaneous episodic retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Margaret M Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention (CSEA), University of Florida, FL, United States
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Paul S, Kathmann N, Riesel A. The costs of distraction: The effect of distraction during repeated picture processing on the LPP. Biol Psychol 2016; 117:225-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Novelty and emotion: Pupillary and cortical responses during viewing of natural scenes. Biol Psychol 2016; 113:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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39
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Sege CT, Bradley MM, Lang PJ. Prediction and perception: Defensive startle modulation. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:1664-8. [PMID: 26399464 PMCID: PMC4715501 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous research indicates that predictive cues can dampen subsequent defensive reactions. The present study investigated whether effects of cuing are specific to aversive stimuli, using modulation of the blink startle reflex as a measure of emotional reactivity. Participants viewed pictures depicting violence, romance/erotica, or mundane content. On half of all trials, a cue (color) predicted the content of the upcoming picture; on the remaining trials, scenes were presented without a cue. Acoustic startle probes were presented during picture viewing on trials with predictive cues and trials without a cue. Replicating previous studies, blink reflexes elicited when viewing violent pictures that had not been preceded by a cue were potentiated compared to uncued mundane scenes, and reflexes were attenuated when viewing scenes of erotica/romance that had not been cued. On the other hand, reflex potentiation when viewing scenes of violence (relative to mundane scenes) was eliminated when these pictures were preceded by a predictive cue, whereas scenes of romance prompted reliable reflex attenuation regardless of whether pictures were cued or not. Taken together, the data suggest that cuing elicits an anticipatory coping process that is specific to aversive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Sege
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Margaret M Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter J Lang
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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40
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Zhang X, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Lou L, Ding D. Different timing features in brain processing of core and moral disgust pictures: an event-related potentials study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128531. [PMID: 26011635 PMCID: PMC4444107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Disgust, an emotion motivating withdrawal from offensive stimuli, protects us from the risk of biological pathogens and sociomoral violations. Homogeneity of its two types, namely, core and moral disgust has been under intensive debate. To examine the dynamic relationship between them, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) for core disgust, moral disgust and neutral pictures while participants performed a modified oddball task. ERP analysis revealed that N1 and P2 amplitudes were largest for the core disgust pictures, indicating automatic processing of the core disgust-evoking pictures. N2 amplitudes were higher for pictures evoking moral disgust relative to core disgust and neutral pictures, reflecting a violation of social norms. The core disgust pictures elicited larger P3 and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes in comparison with the moral disgust pictures which, in turn, elicited larger P3 and LPP amplitudes when compared to the neutral pictures. Taken together, these findings indicated that core and moral disgust pictures elicited different neural activities at various stages of information processing, which provided supporting evidence for the heterogeneity of disgust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cognition and Human Behavior of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Youxue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liandi Lou
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoqun Ding
- Key Laboratory for Cognition and Human Behavior of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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41
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Ferrari V, Bradley MM, Codispoti M, Lang PJ. Massed and distributed repetition of natural scenes: Brain potentials and oscillatory activity. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:865-72. [PMID: 25847093 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neural measures of repetition can result in either repetition suppression or enhancement effects, with enhancement sometimes interpreted as indicating episodic retrieval, rather than stimulus habituation. Here, we manipulated whether repetitions were massed (consecutive) or distributed (intermixed) and measured event-related potentials and oscillatory activity, investigating the question of whether there is evidence of "spontaneous" episodic retrieval for distributed, but not massed, repetition. Results showed that distributed repetition uniquely prompted a significant centroparietal old-new effect as well as enhanced theta, compared to either novel presentations or massed repetitions, consistent with a hypothesis of spontaneous retrieval. Massed repetition, on the other hand, prompted repetition suppression and reduction of the N2/P2. Taken together, the data suggest that distributed repetition may facilitate later memory performance because it spontaneously retrieves prior representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Margaret M. Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - Peter J. Lang
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida USA
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42
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Baur R, Conzelmann A, Wieser MJ, Pauli P. Spontaneous emotion regulation: differential effects on evoked brain potentials and facial muscle activity. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 96:38-48. [PMID: 25715271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Late positive potentials (LPPs) were found to be decreased during down-regulation and increased during up-regulation of positive and negative emotions. However, previous studies lack ecological validity, since they explicitly instructed their participants to use certain regulation strategies. The goal of our study was to test an ecologically more valid paradigm of emotion regulation. We therefore investigated the effects of freely chosen emotion regulation strategies on LPPs and additionally assessed facial EMG responses and valence and arousal ratings as control variables. Responses to positive IAPS pictures were marked by pleasant valence ratings and high activations of M. zygomaticus major, negative pictures elicited unpleasant valence ratings and high activations of M. corrugator supercilii, and both, positive and negative pictures, went along with increased arousal ratings and LPPs. Importantly, ratings and EMG activity were intensified through up-regulation and attenuated through down-regulation of emotions, while LPPs were increased through both up-and down-regulation. We conclude that LPPs in paradigms with free choice of emotion regulation strategies might be a marker of attentional resources required for the selection of adequate emotion up- and down-regulation strategies, while LPP effects following emotion regulation with specific, instructed strategies reflect modulated arousal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Baur
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias J Wieser
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Germany.
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43
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Nelson BD, Hajcak G, Shankman SA. Event-related potentials to acoustic startle probes during the anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threat. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:887-94. [PMID: 25703182 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The startle reflex is a robust measure of defense system activation. Startle probes also elicit ERP P300 and N100 responses that capture attentional engagement. The startle probe-elicited P300 and N100 have been primarily examined during affective picture viewing paradigms, and no study has examined these measures in the context of a threat anticipation task or in relation to threat predictability. In the present study, 131 participants completed a no (N), predictable (P), and unpredictable (U) threat-of-shock task, and the startle eye blink reflex, P300, and N100 responses to the startle probe were measured. We also examined several psychometric properties of these psychophysiological measures. Results indicated probe P300 attenuation during the P and U relative to N condition. In contrast, probe N100 enhancement was present only for the U condition. The P300 and N100 decreased (i.e., habituated) at comparable rates across the different threat conditions. The startle reflex also decreased, but only startle during the U (and not P) condition continued to differ from the N condition by the end of the task. Internal consistency of the ERP measures was acceptable and comparable to the startle reflex. Finally, the startle reflex was correlated with the probe N100, but not P300, across threat conditions. This study is one of the first to use startle probe ERPs to demonstrate that a context of potential threat also elicits attentional engagement. Furthermore, this study provides novel evidence that the probe N100 may provide a measure that is uniquely sensitive to unpredictable threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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44
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Aluja A, Blanch A, Blanco E, Balada F. Affective modulation of the startle reflex and the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality: The role of sensitivity to reward. Physiol Behav 2015; 138:332-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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The esthetic preference of Chinese typefaces--an event-related potential study. Brain Res 2014; 1598:57-65. [PMID: 25498863 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emotional stimuli such as pictures, logos, geometric shapes, etc can evoke human esthetic preference from previous neuroesthetic studies. Chinese characters can be considered as emotional stimuli as they have an important property: typeface. Intuitively, the emotional meaning of Chinese characters can cause esthetic preference. However, whether a typeface can cause esthetic preference or not from an empirical perspective is still unknown. To address this issue, participants׳ event-related potential (ERP) waves are recorded while they are presented a series of Chinese characters in different typefaces. Participants are asked to distinguish specific target from the others. Afterwards, from the Chinese characters presented in this task, participants are asked individually to select the characters they like the most and dislike the most. By recording the ERP responses (a response of implicit preference to Chinese characters themselves) during the experiment to different typefaces of Chinese characters, we find a significant difference between disliked and all characters in the frontal-central area in the 200-300 ms window after the stimulus׳ onset. In the 400-600 ms window, after the stimulus׳ onset, a significant bias for disliked characters emerges in frontal, central, parietal and occipital areas. Our results suggest that people could make a rapid, implicit esthetic preference for the typefaces of Chinese characters.
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46
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DeLaRosa BL, Spence JS, Shakal SKM, Motes MA, Calley CS, Calley VI, Hart J, Kraut MA. Electrophysiological spatiotemporal dynamics during implicit visual threat processing. Brain Cogn 2014; 91:54-61. [PMID: 25222294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have found evidence for corticolimbic theta band electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in the neural processing of visual stimuli perceived as threatening. However, varying temporal and topographical patterns have emerged, possibly due to varying arousal levels of the stimuli. In addition, recent studies suggest neural oscillations in delta, theta, alpha, and beta-band frequencies play a functional role in information processing in the brain. This study implemented a data-driven PCA based analysis investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of electroencephalographic delta, theta, alpha, and beta-band frequencies during an implicit visual threat processing task. While controlling for the arousal dimension (the intensity of emotional activation), we found several spatial and temporal differences for threatening compared to nonthreatening visual images. We detected an early posterior increase in theta power followed by a later frontal increase in theta power, greatest for the threatening condition. There was also a consistent left lateralized beta desynchronization for the threatening condition. Our results provide support for a dynamic corticolimbic network, with theta and beta band activity indexing processes pivotal in visual threat processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bambi L DeLaRosa
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Spence
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Scott K M Shakal
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Michael A Motes
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Clifford S Calley
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Virginia I Calley
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - John Hart
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Michael A Kraut
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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47
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Alius MG, Pané-Farré CA, Löw A, Hamm AO. Modulation of the blink reflex and P3 component of the startle response during an interoceptive challenge. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:140-8. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G. Alius
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | | | - Andreas Löw
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Alfons O. Hamm
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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48
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Mathieu NG, Gentaz E, Harquel S, Vercueil L, Chauvin A, Bonnet S, Campagne A. Brain processing of emotional scenes in aging: effect of arousal and affective context. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99523. [PMID: 24932857 PMCID: PMC4059675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on emotion showed an increase, with age, in prevalence of positive information relative to negative ones. This effect is called positivity effect. From the cerebral analysis of the Late Positive Potential (LPP), sensitive to attention, our study investigated to which extent the arousal level of negative scenes is differently processed between young and older adults and, to which extent the arousal level of negative scenes, depending on its value, may contextually modulate the cerebral processing of positive (and neutral) scenes and favor the observation of a positivity effect with age. With this aim, two negative scene groups characterized by two distinct arousal levels (high and low) were displayed into two separate experimental blocks in which were included positive and neutral pictures. The two blocks only differed by their negative pictures across participants, as to create two negative global contexts for the processing of the positive and neutral pictures. The results show that the relative processing of different arousal levels of negative stimuli, reflected by LPP, appears similar between the two age groups. However, a lower activity for negative stimuli is observed with the older group for both tested arousal levels. The processing of positive information seems to be preserved with age and is also not contextually impacted by negative stimuli in both younger and older adults. For neutral stimuli, a significantly reduced activity is observed for older adults in the contextual block of low-arousal negative stimuli. Globally, our study reveals that the positivity effect is mainly due to a modulation, with age, in processing of negative stimuli, regardless of their arousal level. It also suggests that processing of neutral stimuli may be modulated with age, depending on negative context in which they are presented to. These age-related effects could contribute to justify the differences in emotional preference with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gilles Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- LPNC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France
| | - Edouard Gentaz
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- LPNC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France
- Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education, Université de Genève, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Harquel
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- LPNC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France
- IRMaGe, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 3552 (UMR3552), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France
- Unité de Service 17 (US17), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France
- IRMaGe, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Vercueil
- Service Exploration Fonctionnelle du Système Nerveux (SEFSN), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Institut of Neurosciences (GIN), Univ.Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- GIN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France
- GIN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Alan Chauvin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- LPNC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Bonnet
- Laboratoire d'Électronique de Technologie de l'Information (Leti), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Leti, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Campagne
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- LPNC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble, France
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Ferrari V, Mastria S, Bruno N. Crossmodal interactions during affective picture processing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89858. [PMID: 24587078 PMCID: PMC3937419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
"Natural" crossmodal correspondences, such as the spontaneous tendency to associate high pitches with high spatial locations, are often hypothesized to occur preattentively and independently of task instructions (top-down attention). Here, we investigate bottom-up attentional engagement by using emotional scenes that are known to naturally and reflexively engage attentional resources. We presented emotional (pleasant and unpleasant) or neutral pictures either below or above a fixation cross, while participants were required to discriminate between a high or a low pitch tone (experiment 1). Results showed that despite a robust crossmodal attentional capture of task-irrelevant emotional pictures, the general advantage in classifying the tones for congruent over incongruent visual-auditory stimuli was similar for emotional and neutral pictures. On the other hand, when picture position was task-relevant (experiment 2), task-irrelevant tones did not interact with pictures with regard to their combination of pitch and visual vertical spatial position, but instead they were effective in minimizing the interference effect of emotional picture processing on the ongoing task. These results provide constraints on our current understanding of natural crossmodal correspondences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Serena Mastria
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Prause N, Steele VR, Staley C, Sabatinelli D. Late positive potential to explicit sexual images associated with the number of sexual intercourse partners. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:93-100. [PMID: 24526189 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Risky sexual behaviors typically occur when a person is sexually motivated by potent, sexual reward cues. Yet, individual differences in sensitivity to sexual cues have not been examined with respect to sexual risk behaviors. A greater responsiveness to sexual cues might provide greater motivation for a person to act sexually; a lower responsiveness to sexual cues might lead a person to seek more intense, novel, possibly risky, sexual acts. In this study, event-related potentials were recorded in 64 men and women while they viewed a series of emotional, including explicit sexual, photographs. The motivational salience of the sexual cues was varied by including more and less explicit sexual images. Indeed, the more explicit sexual stimuli resulted in enhanced late positive potentials (LPP) relative to the less explicit sexual images. Participants with fewer sexual intercourse partners in the last year had reduced LPP amplitude to the less explicit sexual images than the more explicit sexual images, whereas participants with more partners responded similarly to the more and less explicit sexual images. This pattern of results is consistent with a greater responsivity model. Those who engage in more sexual behaviors consistent with risk are also more responsive to less explicit sexual cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Prause
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 760 Westwood Blvd 38-145, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA, The Mind Research Network and University of New Mexico, 101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106 USA, Idaho State University, Counseling and Testing Center, 921 South 8th Avenue, Pocatello, ID, 83209 USA, and Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-3013 USA
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 760 Westwood Blvd 38-145, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA, The Mind Research Network and University of New Mexico, 101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106 USA, Idaho State University, Counseling and Testing Center, 921 South 8th Avenue, Pocatello, ID, 83209 USA, and Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-3013 USA
| | - Cameron Staley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 760 Westwood Blvd 38-145, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA, The Mind Research Network and University of New Mexico, 101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106 USA, Idaho State University, Counseling and Testing Center, 921 South 8th Avenue, Pocatello, ID, 83209 USA, and Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-3013 USA
| | - Dean Sabatinelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 760 Westwood Blvd 38-145, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA, The Mind Research Network and University of New Mexico, 101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106 USA, Idaho State University, Counseling and Testing Center, 921 South 8th Avenue, Pocatello, ID, 83209 USA, and Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-3013 USA
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