1
|
Sommantico M, Lacatena M, Ramaglia F. Romantic Attachment, Relationship Satisfaction, Internalized Sexual Stigma, and Motives for Parenthood in Italian Lesbian Women and Gay Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6381. [PMID: 37510613 PMCID: PMC10379054 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examines romantic attachment, internalized sexual stigma, relationship satisfaction, and motives for parenthood in a sample of 313 Italian lesbian women (47.9%) and gay men (52.1%) aged 18-71 years (M = 36.2; SD = 11.9) and in same-sex relationships. The following hypotheses were tested: that romantic attachment is positively correlated with internalized stigma and motives to not have children, while it is negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction; that relationship satisfaction is negatively correlated with internalized stigma and motives for parenthood; that internalized stigma is negatively correlated with motives for parenthood; and that relationship satisfaction mediates the relationships between romantic attachment and motives for parenthood and between internalized stigma and motives for parenthood. The results strongly support the hypotheses. Furthermore, the results indicate that the lesbian participants reported lower levels of avoidance and internalized stigma and higher levels of relationship satisfaction and motives to not have children, and the participants in civil unions reported lower levels of anxiety and internalized stigma and higher levels of relationship satisfaction and motives to not have children. Taken together, our findings contribute to the growing body of research on LG parenthood and may inform social policy and psychological support for LG individuals pursuing parenthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Sommantico
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa 1, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Lacatena
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa 1, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Ramaglia
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa 1, 80133 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rice TM, Ogolsky BG, Oswald RF. Individuals in same-sex relationships maintain relational well-being despite the frequency and severity of heterosexism. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2020.1854835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TeKisha M. Rice
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brian G. Ogolsky
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ramona Faith Oswald
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sommantico M, Parrello S. Internalized stigma, adult attachment, relationship satisfaction, and depression in Italian gay and bisexual men: The mediating role of emotion regulation. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2021.1913463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Sommantico
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Santa Parrello
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akers WP, Cashwell CS, Blake SD. Relationship satisfaction and outness: the impact of the closet on connection. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.1937597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney P. Akers
- Department of Counseling, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC, USA
| | - Craig S. Cashwell
- School Psychology and Counselor Education, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Susan D. Blake
- Counselor Education, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vale MT, Bisconti TL. Minority Stress and Relationship Well-Being in Sexual Minorities: The Varying Role of Outness on Relationship and Sexual Satisfaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2021; 33:297-311. [PMID: 38595746 PMCID: PMC10903706 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2021.1909684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: Empirical inquiry has targeted how same-sex couples grapple with unique stressors in their romantic relationships. Meta-analyses demonstrate that the adverse link between minority stress and sexual and relationship well-being is contingent on the type of stressor and relationship component. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study examining a sample of 238 individuals currently in same-sex relationships. Results: Outness predicted relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and sexual dissatisfaction relative to other stressors, and depressive symptomatology mediated the minority stressors and relationship well-being associations. Conclusions: The current findings offer practical applications for practitioners working with sexual minority clients and researchers who continue to reveal the boundaries in the minority stress process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Vale
- Department of Psychology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sommantico M, Iorio I, Lacatena M, Parrello S. Adult Attachment, Differentiation of Self, and Relationship Satisfaction in Lesbians and Gay Men. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-020-09563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe examined adult attachment styles, differentiation of self, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of 298 Italian lesbians (48%) and gay men (52%), all of whom were ages 19–71 years (M = 36.1; SD = 11.8) and in a couple relationship for at least six months. Participants were recruited via the Internet and completed a web-based survey. We tested the hypotheses that attachment insecurity and differentiation of self would predict relationship satisfaction, as well as that differentiation of self would mediate the relationship between adult attachment and relationship satisfaction. Results supported the hypotheses, thus indicating that attachment insecurity and differentiation of self were correlated with and predicted relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, results supported the hypothesized mediating role of differentiation of self. Finally, results indicated that younger participants, lesbians, and participants in civil unions reported higher levels of relationship satisfaction. Implications for counselors and therapists working with LG populations are discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sommantico M, Parrello S, De Rosa B. Lesbian and Gay Relationship Satisfaction Among Italians: Adult Attachment, Social Support, and Internalized Stigma. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1811-1822. [PMID: 32415485 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined adult attachment styles, perceived social support, internalized stigma, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of 305 lesbians (48.2%) and gay men (51.8%), ages 19-72 years (M = 36.4; SD = 11.8), and in a same-sex relationship for at least 6 months. Participants were recruited via the Internet and completed a web-based survey. We tested the hypotheses that attachment styles, perceived social support, and internalized stigma predicted relationship satisfaction, as well as that perceived social support would be correlated with internalized stigma. Results strongly supported the hypotheses, thus indicating that attachment styles, perceived support, and internalized stigma were negatively correlated with and predicted relationship satisfaction and that perceived social support was negatively correlated with internalized stigma. Furthermore, results indicated that lesbian participants had lower levels of anxious attachment style and reported higher levels of relationship satisfaction and lower levels of internalized stigma. Finally, results indicated that in the lesbian subsample, conservative political orientation and religious beliefs were correlated with higher levels of internalized stigma; participants coming from central Italy reported higher levels of perceived social support; and participants in civil unions reported higher levels of perceived social support and relationship satisfaction, and lower levels of internalized stigma. Implications for counselors and therapists working with lesbian and gay populations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Sommantico
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa 1, 80133, Naples, Italy.
| | - Santa Parrello
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa 1, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara De Rosa
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa 1, 80133, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baker NA, Halford WK. Assessment of Couple Relationships Standards in Same-Sex Attracted Adults. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:537-555. [PMID: 30921472 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Relationship standards are beliefs about what makes a good romantic relationship. To date, no research on relationship standards in same-sex relationships has been conducted. This paper describes development of the Rainbow Couples Relationship Standards Scale (Rainbow CRSS). In common with measures of relationship standards developed with heterosexuals, the Rainbow CRSS assesses the importance people attach to Couple Bond standards (expression of love, caring, intimacy), Family Responsibility standards (extended family relations, maintenance of face and harmony), Religion, and Relationship Effort standards. The Rainbow CRSS also assesses three standards hypothesized to be of particular importance to same-sex couples: Relationship Outness (public disclosure of the relationship), Sexual Openness (acceptance of open sexual relationship), and Dyadic Coping with Homophobic discrimination. Participants were 414 same-sex attracted men and women who completed the Rainbow CRSS online, plus some validation scales. The Rainbow CRSS showed a coherent two-level factor structure that was similar to that in heterosexual couples for the Couple Bond and Family Responsibility Scales. Same-sex attracted people's standards were similar for men and women, and for singles versus those in a relationship. Same-sex attracted people's standards were very similar in endorsement of Couple Bond, Family Responsibility, Religion, and Relationship Effort standards to those of heterosexuals. The Relationship Outness and Dyadic Coping with Homophobia scales assessed potentially important standards that reflect some distinctive challenges for same-sex couple relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Baker
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - W Kim Halford
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sommantico M, Donizzetti AR, Parrello S, De Rosa B. Gay and lesbian couples’ relationship quality: Italian validation of the Gay and Lesbian Relationship Satisfaction Scale (GLRSS). JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2019.1621231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Santa Parrello
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II—Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara De Rosa
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II—Italy, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Petruzzella A, Feinstein BA, Lavner JA. Sexual orientation-related stigma and relationship functioning among female same-sex couples. JOURNAL OF LESBIAN STUDIES 2019; 23:439-450. [PMID: 31134848 DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2019.1614861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses how sexual orientation-based stigma serves to undermine functioning in female same-sex relationships. We particularly focus on the unique roles of interpersonal stigma (e.g., victimization, microaggressions) and structural stigma (e.g., institutional forms of discrimination), highlighting critical limitations and gaps in this literature and offering suggestions for future studies. We also discuss the need for future work on sexual orientation-related stigma and relationship functioning to consider the unique experiences of bisexual women, intersecting identities, and couple-level perspectives on stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian A Feinstein
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Justin A Lavner
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Joyner K, Manning W, Prince B. The Qualities of Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples in Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2019; 81:487-505. [PMID: 31105333 PMCID: PMC6516865 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recognition of sexual minorities in social science research is growing and this study contributes to knowledge on this population by comparing the qualities of same-sex and different-sex relationships among young adults. BACKGROUND The findings of studies on this topic cannot be generalized to young adults because they are limited to coresidential unions and based on convenience samples. This study extends prior research by examining multiple relationship qualities among a nationally-representative sample of males and females in "dating" and cohabiting relationships. METHOD The authors compare young adults in same-sex and different-sex relationships with respect to relationship quality (commitment, satisfaction, and emotional intimacy) and sexual behavior (sexual frequency and sexual exclusivity). Drawing on the fourth wave of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth), they use multiple regression to compare: male respondents with different-sex partners, male respondents with same-sex partners, female respondents with different-sex partners, and female respondents with same-sex partners. RESULTS Consistent with previous research, the authors find that respondents in same-sex relationships experience similar levels of commitment, satisfaction, and emotional intimacy as their counterparts in different-sex relationships. They also corroborate the finding that male respondents in same-sex relationships are less likely than other groups of respondents to indicate their relationship is sexually exclusive. CONCLUSION This study provides an empirical basis for understanding the relationships of sexual minority young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Joyner
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University
| | - Wendy Manning
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Concordance in Reported Love, Trust, and Relationship Quality among Same-Sex Male Relationships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 9. [PMID: 31447951 DOI: 10.1017/jrr.2018.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines concurrence of self-reported love, trust, and dyadic quality experiences between partners in 293 male couples. Significant yet poor concurrence was observed for all three self-reported relationship measures, but varied by relationship characteristics. Using an actor-partner interdependence model (APIM), actor and partner characteristics were shown to be associated with self-reported relationship concerns, such as satisfaction and intimate partner violence. This knowledge is important in the development and delivery of couples-based health interventions, such as couples HIV testing and counseling, for interventions that respect the unique relationship dynamics of each couple are needed to effectively address dyadic health.
Collapse
|
13
|
Holman EG. The effects of minority stressors in the workplace on same-sex relationships: A collective case study of female couples. JOURNAL OF LESBIAN STUDIES 2019; 23:196-223. [PMID: 30638152 DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2019.1520541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the relational effects of minority stress processes experienced at work by female sexual minority employees. Lesbians, in particular, warrant attention in the work environment, as their experiences with homophobia may be exacerbated by sexist overtones. While scholars have linked hostility in the work environment to individual health and employment outcomes for LGBQ employees, less attention has been given to the cross-contextual effects from work to family life. This collective case study examines the experiences of three lesbian employees and their partners in various workplaces using minority stress border theory. Results show that, for these women, there are negative effects on their same-sex relationships; surprisingly though, several women also discussed positive changes in their relationship as a result of experiences with minority stress processes in the workplace. Implications for future research are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Joyner K, Manning W, Bogle R. Gender and the Stability of Same-Sex and Different-Sex Relationships Among Young Adults. Demography 2018; 54:2351-2374. [PMID: 29164498 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-017-0633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Most research on the stability of adult relationships has focused on coresidential (cohabiting or married) unions and estimates rates of dissolution for the period of coresidence. Studies examining how the stability of coresidential unions differs by sex composition have typically found that same-sex female couples have higher rates of dissolution than same-sex male couples and different-sex couples. We argue that the more elevated rates of dissolution for same-sex female couples are a by-product of the focus on coresidential unions. We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to compare rates of dissolution based on the total duration of romantic and sexual relationships for same-sex male couples, same-sex female couples, and different-sex couples. Results from hazard models that track the stability of young adult relationships from the time they are formed demonstrate that male couples have substantially higher dissolution rates than female couples and different-sex couples. Results based on models restricted to the period of coresidence corroborate the counterintuitive finding from earlier studies that female couples have the highest rates of dissolving coresidential unions. This study underlines the importance of comparisons between these couple types for a better understanding of the role that institutions and gender play in the stability of contemporary relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Joyner
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-0001, USA.
| | - Wendy Manning
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-0001, USA
| | - Ryan Bogle
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-0001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sommantico M, De Rosa B, Parrello S. Internalized Sexual Stigma in Italian Lesbians and Gay Men: The Roles of Outness, Connectedness to the LGBT Community, and Relationship Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2018; 44:641-656. [PMID: 29494792 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2018.1447056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The authors examined the extent to which outness, connectedness to the LGBT community, and relationship satisfaction could be used to predict internalized sexual stigma scores. A total of 279 Italian lesbians (47%) and gay men (53%) in a same-sex relationship for at least six months completed the web-based survey. Significant correlations were found between outness, connectedness, relationship satisfaction, and internalized stigma. Analyses of variance were conducted on demographic variables to explore group differences. Multivariate regression analysis suggests that demographic variables, outness, connectedness, and relationship satisfaction combined accounted for 32.8% of the variance in overall internalized sexual stigma. Clinical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara De Rosa
- a Department of Humanities , The University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Santa Parrello
- a Department of Humanities , The University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Morandini JS, Pinkus RT, Dar-Nimrod I. Does partner gender influence relationship quality among non-monosexual women? SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2017.1419568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilan Dar-Nimrod
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Frost DM, LeBlanc AJ, de Vries B, Alston-Stepnitz E, Stephenson R, Woodyatt C. Couple-level Minority Stress: An Examination of Same-sex Couples' Unique Experiences. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 58:455-472. [PMID: 29172770 PMCID: PMC6625756 DOI: 10.1177/0022146517736754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Social stress resulting from stigma, prejudice, and discrimination-"minority stress"-negatively impacts sexual minority individuals' health and relational well-being. The present study examined how being in a same-sex couple can result in exposure to unique minority stressors not accounted for at the individual level. Relationship timeline interviews were conducted with 120 same-sex couples equally distributed across two study sites (Atlanta and San Francisco), gender (male and female), and relationship duration (at least six months but less than three years, at least three years but less than seven years, and seven or more years). Directed content analyses identified 17 unique couple-level minority stressors experienced within nine distinct social contexts. Analyses also revealed experiences of dyadic minority stress processes (stress discrepancies and stress contagion). These findings can be useful in future efforts to better understand and address the cumulative impact of minority stress on relational well-being and individual health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Frost
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cao H, Zhou N, Fine M, Liang Y, Li J, Mills-Koonce WR. Sexual Minority Stress and Same-Sex Relationship Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis of Research Prior to the U.S. Nationwide Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2017; 79:1258-1277. [PMID: 28989184 PMCID: PMC5627620 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analytic methods were used to analyze 179 effect sizes retrieved from 32 research reports on the implications that sexual minority stress may have for same-sex relationship well-being. Sexual minority stress (aggregated across different types of stress) was moderately and negatively associated with same-sex relationship well-being (aggregated across different dimensions of relationship well-being). Internalized homophobia was significantly and negatively associated with same-sex relationship well-being, whereas heterosexist discrimination and sexual orientation visibility management were not. Moreover, the effect size for internalized homophobia was significantly larger than those for heterosexist discrimination and sexual orientation visibility management. Sexual minority stress was significantly and negatively associated with same-sex relationship quality but not associated with closeness or stability. Sexual minority stress was significantly and negatively associated with relationship well-being among same-sex female couples but not among same-sex male couples. The current status of research approaches in this field was also summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Cao
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina
at Greensboro, USA
| | - Nan Zhou
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University,
China
| | - Mark Fine
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina
at Greensboro, USA
| | - Yue Liang
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina
at Greensboro, USA
| | - Jiayao Li
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina
at Greensboro, USA
| | - W. Roger Mills-Koonce
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina
at Greensboro, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao H, Zhou N, Fine M, Liang Y, Li J, Mills-Koonce WR. Sexual Minority Stress and Same-Sex Relationship Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis of Research Prior to the U.S. Nationwide Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2017. [PMID: 28989184 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analytic methods were used to analyze 179 effect sizes retrieved from 32 research reports on the implications that sexual minority stress may have for same-sex relationship well-being. Sexual minority stress (aggregated across different types of stress) was moderately and negatively associated with same-sex relationship well-being (aggregated across different dimensions of relationship well-being). Internalized homophobia was significantly and negatively associated with same-sex relationship well-being, whereas heterosexist discrimination and sexual orientation visibility management were not. Moreover, the effect size for internalized homophobia was significantly larger than those for heterosexist discrimination and sexual orientation visibility management. Sexual minority stress was significantly and negatively associated with same-sex relationship quality but not associated with closeness or stability. Sexual minority stress was significantly and negatively associated with relationship well-being among same-sex female couples but not among same-sex male couples. The current status of research approaches in this field was also summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Cao
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| | - Nan Zhou
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Mark Fine
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| | - Yue Liang
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| | - Jiayao Li
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| | - W Roger Mills-Koonce
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bártová K, Štěrbová Z, Martinec Nováková L, Binter J, Varella MAC, Valentova JV. Homogamy in Masculinity-Femininity Is Positively Linked to Relationship Quality in Gay Male Couples from the Czech Republic. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:1349-1359. [PMID: 28155009 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main aims of this research were to test the similarity of masculinity-femininity in long-term male same-sex couples from the Czech Republic and to examine whether this similarity predicts higher relationship quality. In Study 1, participants (N = 30) and their partners completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and the Childhood Gender Nonconformity Scale (CGN). In Study 2, participants (N = 40) and their partners completed DAS and the Gender Diagnosticity Scale (GD). Results showed that the partners were no more alike than individuals paired at random in their CGN or GD, but greater similarity in CGN between partners increased Dyadic Cohesion (r = -.41 [-.71, -.02]) and Affectional Expression (r = -.38 [-.60, -.13]). Our results add to previous evidence showing that similarity in same-sex couples increased relationship quality. Although, on average, gay men were not coupled on the basis of homogamy in gender roles, their relationship quality is linked to the gender egalitarian model rather than to the gender stratified one. Thus, a widespread stereotype suggesting that same-sex partners are divided by different gender roles seems to be, at least in our sample from a Western society, rather incorrect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Bártová
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, U Kříže 8, 158 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Štěrbová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Institute of Sexology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 11, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Martinec Nováková
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, U Kříže 8, 158 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Binter
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, U Kříže 8, 158 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Antonio Corrêa Varella
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, CEP 05508-030, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaroslava Varella Valentova
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, CEP 05508-030, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lavner JA. Relationship satisfaction in lesbian couples: Review, methodological critique, and research agenda. JOURNAL OF LESBIAN STUDIES 2017; 21:7-29. [PMID: 27557338 DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2016.1142348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There has been increased interest in and attention to understanding the characteristics associated with relationship satisfaction among same-sex couples. This review examines the individual, couple, and external factors associated with relationship satisfaction among contemporary lesbian couples, highlighting domains such as internalized homophobia, personality, communication, conflict, sex, stress, and social support. I discuss methodological concerns and future directions to advance research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Lavner
- a Department of Psychology , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morrison TG, Bishop CJ, Morrison MA, Parker-Taneo K. A Psychometric Review of Measures Assessing Discrimination Against Sexual Minorities. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2016; 63:1086-1126. [PMID: 26566991 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2015.1117903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination against sexual minorities is widespread and has deleterious consequences on victims' psychological and physical wellbeing. However, a review of the psychometric properties of instruments measuring lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) discrimination has not been conducted. The results of this review, which involved evaluating 162 articles, reveal that most have suboptimal psychometric properties. Specifically, myriad scales possess questionable content validity as (1) items are not created in collaboration with sexual minorities; (2) measures possess a small number of items and, thus, may not sufficiently represent the domain of interest; and (3) scales are "adapted" from measures designed to examine race- and gender-based discrimination. Additional limitations include (1) summed scores are computed, often in the absence of scale score reliability metrics; (2) summed scores operate from the questionable assumption that diverse forms of discrimination are necessarily interrelated; (3) the dimensionality of instruments presumed to consist of subscales is seldom tested; (4) tests of criterion-related validity are routinely omitted; and (5) formal tests of measures' construct validity are seldom provided, necessitating that one infer validity based on the results obtained. The absence of "gold standard" measures, the attendant difficulty in formulating a coherent picture of this body of research, and suggestions for psychometric improvements are noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd G Morrison
- a Department of Psychology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - C J Bishop
- a Department of Psychology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Melanie A Morrison
- a Department of Psychology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Peixoto MM, Nobre P. Distressing Sexual Problems and Dyadic Adjustment in Heterosexuals, Gay Men, and Lesbian Women. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2016; 42:369-381. [PMID: 26010170 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2015.1053020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Empirical studies have focused on dyadic adjustment and sexual satisfaction in men and women. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the role of dyadic adjustment in sexual problems among individuals in same-sex and mixed-sex dyads. The aim of the current study was to analyze the differences in dyadic adjustment between gay and heterosexual men, and lesbian and heterosexual women, with and without distressing sexual problems. One hundred and sixty men (80 gay and 80 heterosexual) and 184 women (92 lesbian and 92 heterosexual) completed an online survey. Participants responded to the Dyadic Adjustment Scale-Short Version and to questions about self-perceived sexual problems and associated levels of distress. A 2 (gender) × 2 (sexual orientation) × 2 (group with or without sexual problems) univariate analysis of covariance was performed. The findings suggested that individuals with distressing sexual problems, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, scored significantly lower on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Additionally, lesbian women, regardless of having or not having a distressing sexual problem, scored significantly higher on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, compared to heterosexual women. No gender differences were found. Overall, our findings emphasize the negative association between dyadic adjustment and distressing sexual problems, regardless of gender and sexual orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Peixoto
- a Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Pedro Nobre
- a Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Doyle DM, Molix L. Social Stigma and Sexual Minorities' Romantic Relationship Functioning: A Meta-Analytic Review. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2015; 41:1363-81. [PMID: 26199218 PMCID: PMC4575636 DOI: 10.1177/0146167215594592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To bolster knowledge of determinants of relationship functioning among sexual minorities, the current meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively review evidence for the association between social stigma and relationship functioning as well as examine potential moderators. Thirty-five studies were identified, including 130 effect sizes (39 independent; N = 10,745). Across studies, evidence was found for a small but significant inverse association between social stigma and relationship functioning. Furthermore, this association was moderated by stigma type (with more deleterious associations for internalized relative to perceived stigma) and dimension of relationship functioning (with more deleterious associations for affective relative to cognitive and negative relative to positive). Evidence for demographic moderators (region, sex, race, age) was generally mixed although important limitations related to unique characteristics of study samples are discussed. We conclude by highlighting the importance of social stigma for relationship functioning and point toward directions for future research and policy action.
Collapse
|
25
|
Dyar C, Feinstein BA, Eaton NR, London B. Development and Initial Validation of the Sexual Minority Women Rejection Sensitivity Scale. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0361684315608843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goals of the current studies were to develop a measure of sexual orientation rejection sensitivity (RS) for sexual minority women (SMW) and to examine its preliminary reliability and validity. In Study 1a, data from 150 SMW were used to develop scenarios for the SMW Rejection Sensitivity Scale (SMW-RSS). In Study 1b, data from a second sample of 128 SMW were used to streamline the SMW-RSS and test its factor structure. In Study 2, data from a third sample of 300 SMW were used to test the convergent and discriminant validity of the SMW-RSS. The SMW-RSS demonstrated strong convergent validity, correlating with the indices of minority stress (discrimination, sexual identity acceptance concerns, difficulty developing a positive sexual identity, internalized negativity, and concealment motivation) and internalizing psychopathology (anxiety and depression symptoms). The measure also demonstrated strong discriminant validity, predicting psychosocial outcomes above and beyond existing measures of RS. Findings demonstrate the utility of the SMW-RSS to assess concerns and expectations of sexual orientation rejection among women and underscore the importance of examining the unique concerns about rejection that SMW experience. Additional online materials for this article are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ’ s website at http://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dyar
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Brian A. Feinstein
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas R. Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bonita London
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Frost DM. Redemptive Framings of Minority Stress and Their Association With Closeness in Same-Sex Relationships. JOURNAL OF COUPLE & RELATIONSHIP THERAPY-INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15332691.2013.871616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
27
|
Gates TG. Assessing the relationship between outness at work and stigma consciousness among LGB workers in the Midwest and the resulting implications for counselors. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2014.886998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Fear of Intimacy as a Mediator of the Internalized Heterosexism-Relationship Quality Link Among Men in Same-Sex Relationships. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-013-9249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Knoble NB, Linville D. Outness and relationship satisfaction in same-gender couples. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2012; 38:330-339. [PMID: 22512295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2010.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Self-disclosure of sexual orientation, or outness, is a fundamental feature of gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) experience, yet little is known about how outness impacts same-gender relationship satisfaction. Through a qualitative analysis of interviews with 15 same-gender couples, the complexities of navigating a stigmatized identity in a homonegative society emerged, including (a) characteristics of outness, (b) the influence of coupling on an individual's outness, and (c) the impact of outness on same-gender relationship satisfaction. Findings suggest that for GLB persons, outness is a developmental skill, an expression of identity and values, as well as a resilience strategy for managing discrimination and gay-related stress that influences, though does not singularly determine, relationship satisfaction. Implications for clinical practice and future research suggestions are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi B Knoble
- Couples and Family Therapy Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5251, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Frost DM. Social Stigma and its Consequences for the Socially Stigmatized. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
O'Rourke N, Claxton A, Chou PHB, Smith JZ, Hadjistavropoulos T. Personality trait levels within older couples and between-spouse trait differences as predictors of marital satisfaction. Aging Ment Health 2011; 15:344-53. [PMID: 21491219 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2010.519324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study of 125 older couples married for an average of 34 years, multilevel models were computed to simultaneously examine intra-couple personality trait averages and between-spouse trait similarity as predictors of marital satisfaction. Our findings suggest that higher intra-couple levels of extraversion predict marital satisfaction, both husbands and wives. In addition, between-spouse similarity in openness to experience appears associated with higher levels of marital satisfaction as reported by husbands; concomitantly, between-spouse similarity in agreeableness predicts wives' marital satisfaction. With respect to openness (husbands) and agreeableness (wives), it did not matter which spouse within couples reported higher or lower trait levels. The most notable finding to emerge from this study is that neuroticism is not associated with marital satisfaction, neither husbands nor wives. This result stands in contrast to previously reported findings--the vast majority of prior research conducted with dating and newlywed couples. Conflicting results may reflect the degree to which neuroticism determines divorce within the first years of married life, adaptation to the foibles of one's spouse over time, overreliance on younger samples in marriage and family research, or some combination of these alternate explanations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norm O'Rourke
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kamen C, Burns M, Beach SRH. Minority stress in same-sex male relationships: when does it impact relationship satisfaction? JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2011; 58:1372-90. [PMID: 22029562 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2011.614904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The minority stress model (Meyer, 2003) has been proposed to explain higher rates of psychopathology in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. However, studies of minority stress have rarely taken into account the interface between minority stress and same-sex relationship processes. In the current study, 142 gay men in romantic relationships completed an online survey assessing minority stress constructs, relationship features, and relationship satisfaction. Minority stress was not directly related to relationship satisfaction, while commitment, trust, and support from one's partner were related to relationship satisfaction. Significant moderation effects emerged between discrimination and trust and between internalized heterosexism and commitment, indicating that trust was related to satisfaction for those who had experienced frequent discrimination, while commitment was related to satisfaction for those low in internalized heterosexism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kamen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Quam JK, Whitford GS, Dziengel LE, Knochel KA. Exploring the nature of same-sex relationships. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2010; 53:702-22. [PMID: 20972927 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2010.518664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the relationship structure and experiences of 145 people in the United States, aged 50 and above, in long-term, same-sex relationships. A survey assessed relationship satisfaction and roles, caregiving, shared assets, and relationship protection and support. The ENRICH couple scales revealed high scores in communication, conflict resolution, and couple satisfaction. Most participants had taken steps to protect shared assets and assign legal authority to their partners. Participants expressed differing views regarding marriage. This study reveals distinctions based on gender and age that will inform practice with this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean K Quam
- College of Education & Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Moradi B, Wiseman MC, DeBlaere C, Goodman MB, Sarkees A, Brewster ME, Huang YP. LGB of Color and White Individuals’ Perceptions of Heterosexist Stigma, Internalized Homophobia, and Outness: Comparisons of Levels and Links. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000009335263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conceptual discussions about LGB people of color suggest that, compared with White LGB individuals, LGB people of color may be exposed to greater levels of heterosexist stigma and its deleterious correlates (greater risk) or may be more resilient to such stigma (resilience). This study tested tenets of these two perspectives with a sample of 178 LGB persons, about 50% of whom identified as White and 50% as people of color. Findings suggested similarities between LGB people of color and White LGB individuals in levels of perceived heterosexist stigma, internalized homophobia, and comfort with disclosure of sexual orientation and in relations of heterosexist stigma with sexual orientation disclosure variables. But, compared with data for White LGB participants, data for LGB people of color suggested lower levels of outness and a weaker relation between perceived heterosexist stigma and internalized homophobia. Implications of these findings for further research and practice are discussed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Vaughan MD, Waehler CA. Coming Out Growth: Conceptualizing and Measuring Stress-Related Growth Associated with Coming Out to Others as a Sexual Minority. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-009-9084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
36
|
Equality Discrepancy Between Women in Same-Sex Relationships: The Mediating Role of Attachment in Relationship Satisfaction. SEX ROLES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-008-9571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
37
|
An Overview of Same-Sex Couples in Relation Ships: A Research Area Still at Sea. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2009; 54:113-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09556-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
38
|
Su X, Lau JT, Mak WW, Chen L, Feng T, Chen X, Liu C, Liu J, Liu D, Cheng J. Development of the perceived stress scale for people living with HIV/AIDS in China. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2008; 22:989-98. [PMID: 19072105 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2008.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is associated with psychological morbidity. There are only a few stress scales specially developed for PLWHA and none of them is in Chinese. This study develops and validates a new Chinese Perceived Stress Scale among PLWHA (PSSHIV) in Shenzhen of Guangdong Province and Hengyang of Hunan Province in China during September 2006 through July 2007. In-depth interviews were administered to 58 PLWHA (33 males, mean age, 32) to generate the items, while 215 other PLWHA were interviewed in another survey to validate the instrument (136 males, mean age, 33). Exploratory factor analysis yielded 8 factors (percent variance explained, 71.47%), namely: social/psychological problems, sexual relationship, functional problems, social acceptance/rejection issues, work-related issues, family/offspring issues, accessibility to treatment, and treatment outcomes. The Cronbach alpha values ranged from 0.76 to 0.94 for the overall scale and the 8 subscales. The scores of the overall scale, the social/psychological problems, and functional problems subscales of the PSSHIV were significantly correlated with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), and all domains of the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) (correlation coefficient = 0.50 to 0.71 for positive correlations, and -0.73 to -0.21 for negative correlations, p < 0.05). The other 6 subscales of the PSSHIV were significantly correlated with the PSS, subscales of the DASS, and MOS-HIV (correlation coefficient = 0.16 to 0.39 for positive correlation, -0.58 to -0.15 for negative correlation, p < 0.05). This new instrument collected information from the PLWHA from qualitative interviews and the items are specific to the HIV/AIDS context. PSSHIV can be used for assessing the level of stress faced by PLWHA in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyou Su
- School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph T.F. Lau
- School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie W.S. Mak
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Chen
- Shenzhen City CDC, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiejian Feng
- Shenzhen Chronic Disease Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Province CDC, ChaSa, Chang Sha, China
| | - Chuliang Liu
- Hengyang City CDC, Hunan Province, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hengyang City CDC, Hunan Province, Hengyang, China
| | - De Liu
- The 5th Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan Province, Hengyang, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schumm WR, Akagi CA, Bosch KR. Relationship Satisfaction for Heterosexual Women Compared to Lesbians and Men in a Sample of Faith Communities from Topeka, Kansas. Psychol Rep 2008; 102:377-88. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.102.2.377-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A modified version of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale was administered to 239 women who belonged to 8 different faith communities in Topeka, Kansas in 2001. 12 members of a Metropolitan (gay and lesbian) church identified themselves as lesbians. Lesbian respondents reported significantly higher relationship satisfaction scores than heterosexual women (Cohen's d=0.69). Controlling for number of children and social desirability reduced the regression coefficient for sexual orientation to a statistically nonsignificant level. Using a matched sample of 12 heterosexual women compared with the lesbians yielded a nonsignificant result ( ES = 0.31). Nevertheless, although not statistically significant, comparisons between lesbians and heterosexual women continued to feature effect sizes that represented higher satisfaction for lesbians with no children or with only one child when compared to heterosexual women with no children or only one child. It is apparent that methodology made a difference in the results obtained in this comparative study of lesbian and heterosexual relationships. It was also observed, among members of churches other than the Metropolitan church, that relationship satisfaction was significantly lower ( d=0.22) among females than males, including among wives compared to husbands; significant linear and cubic relationships between a single-item measure of relationship social desirability and relationship satisfaction were also observed.
Collapse
|
40
|
Schecter E, Tracy AJ, Page KV, Luong G. Shall we marry? Legal marriage as a commitment event in same-sex relationships. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2008; 54:400-422. [PMID: 18826168 DOI: 10.1080/00918360801991422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study is a part of an exploratory study of 50 married and unmarried same-sex couples in Massachusetts conducted by the Wellesley Centers for Women following legalization of same-sex marriage in Massachusetts in 2004. This article examines whether and how legalization of same-sex marriage impacted same-sex partners' commitment to one another, presentation to others as a couple, and treatment as a couple by others. Roughly one-quarter of the couples studied chose not to mark their commitment with ceremonies of any kind, while nearly three-fourths of the couples had either commitment (non-legal) ceremonies, legal weddings, or both. While decisions to legally marry largely were based on gaining legal protections, unforeseen impacts on self and relationships with family, friends, and the larger society revealed multiple layers of meaning. Implications of the study for public policy and social change are discussed.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zola MF. Beyond Infidelity-Related Impasse: An Integrated, Systemic Approach to Couples Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1521/jsyt.2007.26.2.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
42
|
Bowen DJ, Boehmer U. The lack of cancer surveillance data on sexual minorities and strategies for change. Cancer Causes Control 2007; 18:343-9. [PMID: 17325829 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-007-0115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To consider options for gathering cancer incidence and risk factor data in sexual minority individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Sexual minority individuals may experience cancer risk disparities, due to lifestyle and reproductive differences compared with heterosexual people. However, cancer registry systems do not routinely collect sexual minority status. Other methods of obtaining such data and comparing cancer rates and risks between sexual minority and heterosexual people are discussed. These include building on existing registry membership with a targeted survey, using existing data sources, and estimating sexual orientation status with related data. CONCLUSIONS Efforts described here could provide support for or refute the hypothesis that disparities exist in selected cancer rates in sexual minority populations and could guide targeted efforts to reduce any disparities.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
This article reviews empirical studies of same-sex couples in the United States, highlighting consistent findings, drawing comparisons to heterosexual couples, and noting gaps in available research. U.S. Census data indicate that there were more than 600,000 same-sex couples living together in 2000. Research about relationship formation, the division of household labor, power, satisfaction, sexuality, conflict, commitment, and relationship stability is presented. Next, we highlight three recent research topics: the legalization of same-sex relationships through civil unions and same-sex marriage, the experiences of same-sex couples raising children, and the impact of societal prejudice and discrimination on same-sex partners. We conclude with comments about the contributions of empirical research to debunking negative stereotypes of same-sex couples, testing the generalizability of theories about close relationships, informing our understanding of gender and close relationships, and providing a scientific basis for public policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letitia Anne Peplau
- Psychology Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|